Abstract: A pulse-width modulation (PWM) light source drive for driving a light source is provided that includes a microcontroller, a modulation element, a voltage regulator, and a light detector. The microcontroller is configured to generate a PWM signal and an inverse PWM signal. The modulation element is configured to generate a drive signal based on the PWM signal. The light source is configured to be driven by the drive signal. The voltage regulator is configured to generate an output drive voltage for the light source. The light detector is configured to detect light energy emitted by the light source, to generate an optical power feedback signal based on the detected light energy, and to provide the optical power feedback signal to the voltage regulator during a laser-on driving interval. The microcontroller is configured to provide the inverse PWM signal to the voltage regulator during a laser-off driving interval.

Abstract: A uniform luminance light-emitting diode (LED) circuit board includes a first primary trace and a second primary trace mounted on a substrate along a direction and are spaced apart, multiple LED strings mounted on the substrate along the direction and parallelly connected between the first primary trace and the second primary trace, a first power trace and a second power trace respectively connected to the first primary trace and the second primary trace, and a first auxiliary trace with two ends respectively connected to the second primary trace and the second power trace. By adjusting trace widths of the first primary trace and the second primary trace to limit current passing through each LED string and using the first auxiliary trace to provide an additional current path, identical current flowing through all the LED strings results in uniform luminance of the LED strings.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at a method and apparatus for providing a network connected low voltage lighting system. In one embodiment, the disclosure may be seen as an Internet of Things (IoT) network connected low voltage lighting system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detachable LED lighting device, comprising: a lighting module unit which emits light by receiving a power supply, the lighting module unit comprising a substrate including a plurality of LEDs; a connector unit coupled to the lighting module unit, the connector unit having a hitch protrusion on the upper part and having a lower connector for supplying power to the substrate; and a frame unit provided with a connector and a power connector, the connector fixed by being hitched to the hitch protrusion of the connector unit that is inserted into the bottom surface, and the power connector supplying power from an embedded power supply unit to the lower connector.

Abstract: In one embodiment, at least one of number of times a frame is paused by a plurality of users (users) and attention-activity of the users for the frame is tracked for each frame of an asset (video etc.). An interactive version of at least one frame is pre-generated based on the tracking. The interactive version is stored to enable playing of the interactive version of the at least one frame. In another embodiment, pausing of a currently playing frame (frame) of the asset is determined. A determination to replace the frame is made based on at least one of attention-activity of a user in the frame, and detecting metadata, of the frame, specifying that the frame is to be replaced. An interactive version of the frame is generated, based on at least one of the attention of the user and the metadata, to replace the frame with the interactive version.

Abstract: A power device includes a converter configured to convert an input voltage and operate a light emitting diode (LED) array, a current detector configured to detect an output current flowing through the LED array, and a controller configured to compare the output current with a reference value and control the output current, wherein the controller includes a reference value varying circuit configured to vary the reference value.

Abstract: A lighting fixture includes a housing and a circuit board having a light emitting diode (LED). The circuit board is attached to a mounting bracket that is positioned inside the housing. The lighting fixture further includes a first reflector insert positioned adjacent to the circuit board on a first side of the circuit board. The first reflector insert is configured to reflect light from the LED. The lighting fixture also includes a second reflector insert positioned adjacent to the circuit board on a second side of the circuit board. The second reflector insert is configured to reflect the light from the LED. The first reflector insert and the second reflector insert are removable from the lighting fixture without removing the circuit board.

Abstract: A two-component luminaire for illuminating an architectural space includes a housing with a panel that faces the architectural space. A peripheral edge of the housing, having first and second edge segments, forms an output aperture that faces the architectural space. A plane bisecting the output aperture defines a boundary between an indirect lighting region and a direct lighting region. The luminaire includes a primary optical subsystem arranged within the housing so as to be hidden from the direct lighting region by the first panel section, and configured to generate and emit light, through the output aperture, solely into the indirect lighting region, and a secondary optical subsystem, disposed within the housing and configured to generate and emit light through the output aperture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device having a configuration that, when a magnitude of an input voltage is greater than a minimum light emitting voltage, all light emitting devices are turned on regardless of the magnitude of the voltage. As the magnitude of the voltage is smaller, the light emitting devices are connected in parallel. As the magnitude of the voltage is greater, the light emitting devices are serially connected.

Abstract: First and second LED channels of different color temperatures are connected to respective first and second FET drivers. A wall dimmer output is connected to a driver circuit and to circuitry which generates a variable DC voltage. A microcontroller is configured to employ a signal derived from the driver circuit output to generate changing PWM signals which are supplied along with the variable DC voltage to each of the first and second FET drivers to create variable mixed light color and brightness.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a control system for color temperature regulation of LED lights, comprising an AC input and a rectifying circuit. The rectifying circuit is connected with an absorption circuit; the absorption circuit is connected with a current regulation control module; a detection circuit is disposed between the current regulation control module and the absorption circuit; the current regulation control module is connected with a cold color series LED light module and a warm color series LED light module in parallel; and the cold color series LED light module and the warm color series LED light module generate a voltage difference.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a timing sequences generation circuit and a LCD. The timing sequences generation circuit includes a PWM chip, N number of voltage input ends, N number of voltage output ends, N number of switch circuits, and N number of time delay circuits, and N is an integer larger than or equals to 2. The PWM chip includes N number of PWM output pins, and each of the PWM output pins respectively connects to one switch circuit and one time delay circuit to respectively control turn-on sequences of the N number of switch circuits. The N number of switch circuits respectively connects to the N number of voltage input ends and N number of voltage output ends.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing a lighting control system layout for a site. The site includes a plurality of floors and a plurality of lighting control system components. In response to a request from a user for the lighting control system layout, a user interface may be provided. The user interface includes a three-dimensional representation of the site. The three-dimensional representation includes a plurality of layers representative of the plurality of floors and a plurality of icons representative of the plurality of lighting control system components. The user may, in turn, perform one or more actions in connection with the provided interface. In response, different and/or additional information about the site, particularly the lighting control system, may be provided in the user interface. The provided lighting control system layout allows users, such as, for example, site managers, to easily navigate, maintain, and mange a lighting control system for a site.

Abstract: Semiconductor lighting and retrofitting methods are provided herein. One method includes providing a roadway light that has a housing, the roadway light having at least a ballast, an high intensity discharge lamp, a reflector, a lens removed there from, the roadway light having a legacy bracket and a legacy mount disposed in a sidewall of the housing that remain, and coupling an assembly to the legacy bracket, the assembly including at least a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) lights mounted to the heat sink, the plurality of LED lights being disposed in a linear arrangement, and a support plate that is joined to the heat sink, the support plate having a mating bracket that couples with the legacy bracket disposed within a housing of the roadway light.

Abstract: A load driving device disclosed in the specification includes a power supply circuit for supplying to a load an output voltage converted from an input voltage, a detection voltage generation circuit for generating a detection voltage which varies depending on a magnitude of a voltage drop which across the load, and a control circuit for controlling the power supply circuit so that it performs output feedback control of the output voltage, on the basis of the detection voltage.

Abstract: A method of operating an optoelectronic proximity sensor including a radiation-emitting component, a radiation-detecting component and a control unit includes: operating the radiation-emitting component with a pulsed current, wherein the pulsed current of the radiation-emitting component has an on time and an off time during a measurement period, and causing the control unit to evaluate a detector signal of the radiation-detecting component during the on time and ending the on time if the detector signal exceeds a threshold value, wherein the ratio of the on time to the measurement period is less than 1/10.

Abstract: An LED tube lamp includes a glass tube, a plurality of LED light sources, two end caps respectively sleeving two end portions of the glass tube, a power supply in one of the end caps or separately in both of the end caps, and an LED light strip in the glass tube. The plurality of LED light sources is on the LED light strip. Each of the end caps comprises a plurality of openings formed thereon. The plurality of openings dissipating heat resulted from the power supply are divided into two sets. The two sets of the plurality of openings are symmetric to each other with respect to a virtual central axis of the end cap.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wide input voltage phase-cut dimming power supply, which is embedded in an overall dimming circuit. The overall dimming circuit includes an electric network power supply, a phase-cut dimmer, a dimming power supply, and an LED light. The dimming power supply includes an anti-interference circuit, an active power factor correction circuit, a power conversion circuit, a dimmer current maintaining circuit, a wide input voltage phase-cut dimming control circuit, and a filed effect transistor. Compared to the prior art, the present invention can realize a wide input voltage within 90-305V, which is suitable for most of electric networks around the world. Furthermore, the present invention uses a PWM control mode, so that it can control brightness of the LED lights with different colors, and be compatible with a leading edge dimmer or a trailing edge dimmer.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed at a method and apparatus for controlling solid state lighting. The solid state lighting is controlled by the combination of a constant current reduction approach and a dithering approaching. The constant current reduction approach is used over a high light intensity range while the dithering approach is used over a low light intensity range.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for cooperatively controlling ambient level lighting in a controlled area, and task-level lighting for task areas in the controlled area, where each task area is a separate sub-area of the controlled area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting unit (10) that utilizes sensor data to select a fade-in or fade-out profile for one or more light sources (12). The lighting unit includes a clock module (20), an ambient light level sensor (18), and a controller (16). The controller receives ambient light level data from the ambient light level sensor and time of day data from the clock module, and utilizes the received information to automatically select a fade-in or fade-out profile. The controller can also use the received ambient light level data to calibrate the clock module.

Abstract: Techniques and corresponding circuitry are disclosed for providing active current sharing in lighting applications. In some embodiments, an active current sharing circuit is provided that includes a series-pass sub-circuit, such as a transistor or transistor circuit (or other active series-pass circuit), for each LED string. In addition, each string has a current sense sub-circuit for sensing current of that string. A monitor and control sub-circuit operates in conjunction with the series-pass sub-circuit to maintain the sensed current equal to a common reference level. In some embodiments, the common reference level is controlled to maintain the lowest series-pass element voltage close to or equal to zero volts (?0.25 VDC to +0.25 VDC).

Abstract: An EL (Electro Luminescence) display device controlling luminosity by a current value supplied to a light emitting element. The EL display device includes a power source supplying a current to the light emitting element and includes a first variable power source and a second variable power source outputting a lower potential than the first variable power source, and a control part changing an output potential of the first variable power source and an output potential of the second variable power source according to acquired maximum luminosity data. Furthermore, the EL display device includes a gate signal output part and a data signal output part, and the control part may change a power source potential of the gate signal output part or a power source potential of the data signal output part according to the maximum luminosity data.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling lighting fixtures independently with image sensors. In an embodiment, a luminaire includes a controller, an image sensor and wide-angle lens component, and a light source. The controller receives detection signal data from the image sensor and wide-angle lens component when a user is within a detection area associated with a view angle of the wide angle lens, and then determines the position of the user. The controller then controls the illuminance of the light source based on the position of the user. In particular, illuminance is increased as the user approaches a center portion of the detection area, and decreased as the user moves away from the center portion.

Abstract: A non-linear analog signal conversion circuit configured of passive elements and a lighting apparatus using the same. The non-linear analog signal conversion circuit includes: an input module for inputting a dimming signal; an inversion module for inverting the dimming signal; a non-linear conversion module for non-linearly converting input power Vdc into first output power Vo1 according to the inverted dimming signal; and a filter module for converting the first output power Vo1 of an output terminal of the non-linear conversion module into reference power Vref by removing noise of the first output power Vo1.

Abstract: A controller included in a lighting control device causes a transmitter to transmit a dimming rate which is determined by schedule information stored in a storage when power saving is not instructed via a power saving instruction signal. When power saving is instructed via the power saving instruction signal, the controller calculates a dimming rate for causing a luminaire to emit light at a brightness lower than in the case of the dimming rate determined by the schedule information. When the calculated dimming rate is a dimming rate which causes the luminaire to emit light at a brightness lower than a predetermined dimming rate, the controller causes the transmitter to transmit the predetermined dimming rate.

Abstract: An LED lamp comprising a housing, a drive circuit configured to electrically couple to a power source, and an LED package that is electrically coupled to and driven by the drive circuit. The LED package comprises a first LED configured to emit light having a peak intensity of about 450 nm, a second LED configured to emit light having a peak intensity within the range from 475 nm to 495 nm, and a color conversion material configured to perform a Stokes shift on light having a wavelength within the range from 440 nm to 460 nm.

Abstract: A method of generating data representing a structure of a room on a device, the method including: outputting an audio signal at a first position in the room; acquiring a first reflection signal of the audio signal at the first position; outputting the audio signal at a second position in the room; acquiring a second reflection signal of the audio signal at the second position; estimating distance information about the room by using the acquired first and second reflection signals; acquiring at least one angle information about the room; and generating a floor plan illustrating the structure of the room using the estimated distance information and the acquired angle information.

Abstract: A system allows a light fixture to have a wider range of color temperatures (CCT) while limiting the warmest temperature reached at full intensity. The CCT of the light output may be controlled independently of intensity across a certain range of CCT and dependent on intensity across another range. In an implementation, both intensity and CCT may be adjusted from a single handle, where the interface positions may be divided into multiple zones. In another implementation, intensity may be adjusted from a first handle, while CCT may be adjusted from a second handle. The CCT of the light output may be limited to cooler levels when the intensity is higher, and/or the intensity of the light may be limited to lower levels when the CCT is warmer.

Abstract: A system of light devices including a first light device and a second light device. The first light device having a first housing, a first light, a first transceiver, a first electronic processor. The second light having a second housing, a second light, a second transceiver, a second electronic processor. The first electronic processor is coupled to the first light and the first transceiver, and configured to control operation of the first light, and transmit, via the first transceiver a command to the second light device. The second electronic processor coupled to the second light and the second transceiver, and configured to receive, via the second transceiver, the command from the first light device, and change an operational parameter of the second light in response to the command from the first light device.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for energy consumption modeling are described herein. One device includes a memory, and a processor configured to execute executable instructions stored in the memory to assign energy consumption data to an on state and an off state of a device, generate a model configured to predict a future state of the device and a duration of the future state based on a duration of a current state of the device, a duration of a previous state of the device, and operating conditions of the device, and predict a future energy consumption of the device using the assigned energy consumption data and the generated model.

Abstract: An LED tube lamp includes a tube, two end caps, a power supply, and an LED light strip. The tube includes two rear end regions, two transition regions, and a main body region. The end caps are respectively connected to the rear end regions. The power supply is in one or both of the end caps. The LED light strip including one or more LED light sources is in the tube. The LED light sources are electrically connected to the power supply via the LED light strip. The end cap includes a lateral wall, an end wall, and at least one opening for heat dissipation and/or pressure releasing. The at least one opening penetrates through the end cap with a light sensor inside the end cap collimating with the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed is an LED lighting apparatus capable of performing lighting using a rectified voltage. The LED lighting apparatus may include a lamp divided into a plurality of light emitting modules, and perform lighting using a voltage obtained by lowering a rectified voltage, thereby preventing internal parts from being damaged by a surge voltage. Furthermore, the structure in which LED groups are arranged on a substrate can be improved to uniformize the light intensity.

Abstract: A system and method for operating one or more light emitting devices is disclosed. In one example, the intensity of light provided by the one or more light emitting devices is adjusted responsive to current feedback from the one or more light emitting devices.

Abstract: Lamp equipment having a LED, a driver and a bluetooth module is disclosed. The driver is connected to the LED to control thereof, and the bluetooth module is connected to the driver for receiving power. The bluetooth module supports a mesh-network mode and a beacon mode and switches between this two modes periodically. When working under the mesh-network mode, the bluetooth module is able to execute peer-to-peer transmission with other bluetooth modules within its transmission range, and adjusts its beacon mode's status and beacon content based on received command and data. When working under the beacon mode, the bluetooth module is able to broadcast the beacon content, so as to push message externally and provide micro-location function for the outside.

Abstract: Systems and methods for of dimming generally considered to be non-dimmable with conventional dimmers. An exemplary dimming module accepts a power source for a light source and a dimming signal. The dimming module modifies the power signal and generates a modified power signal capable of dimming LED light sources (and other light sources) that are generally considered to be non-dimmable with conventional dimmers. The dimming signal can be a wireless signal. Exemplary embodiments include a computer application executing on a computer or handheld computer that can be used to remotely dim, via the dimming module, one or more LED light sources (and other light sources) that are generally considered to be non-dimmable with conventional dimmers.

Abstract: In a light source, a plurality of parallel LED strings or columns (R, G, B) share the same current source (12) as a function of time. Current distribution to the LED strings is carried out with semiconductor switches (Q1, Q2, Q3) that are connected in series with the LED strings. Each semiconductor switch and the corresponding LED string is controlled with a dedicated pulse-width modulated colour control signal (C1, C2, C3). The pulse-width modulated control signals control the semiconductor switches (Q1, Q2, Q3) and the LED strings (R, G, B) sequentially active one at a time and to take current from the common current source (12) for the time defined by the corresponding pulse-width modulated control signal (C1, C2, C3). This control establishes colour tone and colour temperature adjustment, which is independent of the operation of the shared current source.

Abstract: Driver (1) for driving a load (L), the driver having BiFRED topology and comprising: —a first input terminal (5) and a second input terminal (6); a pair of output terminals (9a, 9b) for connecting the load; —a Bi FRED converter coupled to the input terminals, comprising: —a first inductor (L1), coupled to a first input terminal (5); —a first capacitor (C1) in series connection with the first inductor; —a controllable switch (S1) between the interconnection of the first inductor and the first capacitor and the second input terminal (6); —a second inductor (L2) coupled between the first capacitor and the second input terminal; —a control device (20; 30)for controlling the controllable switch (S1); wherein said control device (20; 30) comprises: —a first sensing element (21) for sensing the current through said switch (S1) and providing a first output signal proportional to said current, said current being the sum of the charging current of the first inductor (L1) and discharging current of the first capacitor (

Abstract: An LED tube lamp includes a lamp tube, two end caps, and an LED light strip. The two end caps are respectively at two opposite ends of the lamp tube. The LED light strip is in the lamp tube and is provided with one or more LED light sources mounted thereon. Each of the end caps includes an electrically insulating tube, two conductive pins, and two or more heat-dissipating openings. The two conductive pins are disposed on the electrically insulating tube. The two heat-dissipating openings are formed on the electrically insulating tube and are symmetric to each other with respect to a vertical central plane passing through the middle of a line connecting the two conductive pins.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus having an electrical insulation structure of a dimmer and a driver includes: an input power supply unit; a converter for converting input power into lighting unit supply power; a lighting unit applied with the lighting unit supply power to emit light; a dimmer for inputting a dimming signal for controlling the lighting unit; a PWM generation unit for receiving the dimming signal and generating a PWM signal; and a PWM control unit for controlling the lighting unit supply power according to the PWM signal, in which the input power supply unit, the converter, the lighting unit and the PWM control unit are connected to a first ground, the dimmer and the PWM generation unit are connected to a second ground, and the first ground is electrically separated from the second ground.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device and a method for producing an optoelectronic device are disclosed. An embodiment of an optoelectronic device includes a carrier, an electrically conductive layer arranged on the carrier, at least one semiconductor chip comprising an active layer for generating electromagnetic radiation, wherein the semiconductor chip is electrically conductively and mechanically connected with the carrier via the electrically conductive layer. The device further comprises a holder, wherein a surface of the carrier remote from the semiconductor chip is arranged on the holder, wherein the carrier is mechanically connected with the holder by at least one fastening element and is fastened to the holder, wherein the fastening element passes completely through the carrier, and wherein the semiconductor chip is electrically conductively connected to the holder by the fastening element.

Abstract: A motion sensor light turns on a light once a motion sensor detects movement of a person. The light illuminates a monitoring area once the light is turned on. The motion sensor light initiates measurement of lighting duration of the light. After then, the motion sensor light initiates measurement of lights-out delay duration in a case where the movement of a person is no longer detected, and acquires a set value of the lights-out delay duration according to the lighting duration set in advance. The motion sensor light turns off the light in a case where a measured value of the lights-out delay duration exceeds the set value of the lights-out delay duration and a measured value of the lighting duration of the light exceeds a set value of the lighting duration.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes: a light source unit to which constant current corresponding to a dimming level is supplied from a constant current supply (dimming LED driver), and which includes a first light-emitting element column and a second light-emitting element column connected in parallel with the first light-emitting element column; a first detector circuit (resistor) which is connected in series to the first light-emitting element column, and detects a magnitude of a current flowing through the first light-emitting element column; a current adjuster circuit which adjusts a relationship of the magnitude of the current flowing through the first light-emitting element column to the constant current, based on the magnitude of the detected current; and a relationship adjuster circuit (variable resistor) which adjusts the dimming level at a changing point where a relationship of the magnitude of the current flowing through the first light-emitting element column to the dimming level changes.

Abstract: A DC-powered LED lighting device and a lighting system using such devices are disclosed. A common AC/DC power supply is coupled to at least one electric main and provides power to the LED lighting devices at DC voltages that are higher than the peak voltage of the sine wave of the at least one electric main.

Abstract: A light source assembly includes a housing assembly, a plurality of disparate light sources that are coupled to the housing assembly, a power source, a control system and a selector assembly. Each of the light sources generates an output beam that is directed away from the housing assembly, wherein each of the output beams has a center wavelength that is in a different wavelength range than each of the other output beams. The power source provides electrical power to each of the light sources. The control system selectively controls the electrical power that is provided by the power source to the light sources. The selector assembly is electrically connected to the control system, and is selectively controllable to selectively direct current to each of the light sources to generate the desired output beams.

Abstract: Apparatuses and systems are provided for changing the spectrum of light emission from a light-emitting diode (LED) light set. The LED light set may include LEDs, each of which having at least a first LED chip and a second LED chip configured to emit light at differing wavelengths. The first and second LED chips may be connected in series with opposite polarities. Responsive to receiving a power flow in a first direction from a power terminal, the first LED chip may emit light of a first color while the second LED chip may remain powered off. Responsive to receiving the power flow in a second direction opposite the first direction from the power source, the second LED chip may emit light of a second color different than the first color while the first LED chip may remain powered off.

Abstract: An example LED backlight driving circuit includes: an LED circuit including a plurality of LED columns that are connected in parallel, each of LED column including one or more LEDs that are connected in series; an LED control circuit connected to constant current circuits corresponding to a parallel number of the LED columns, the LED control circuit including a circuit that controls ON/OFF of a driving current of the LED and a dimming determination circuit that outputs a control signal capable of arbitrarily setting the driving current according to a dimming signal. The LED control circuit performs control based on first driving in which dimming is performed by varying a current value of the driving current of the LED and second driving in which the ON/OFF of the driving current is controlled in addition to the varying of the current value.

Abstract: A Light Emitting Diode (LED) based illumination device may include a Light Control and Data Interface Module (LCDIM). The LCDIM may include an LED driver that supplies electrical power to the LED based light engine of the LED based illumination module. The LCDIM may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter that communicates a signal indicative of an operational status of the LED based light engine to another device on a wireless communications network using a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertising packet. Additionally, in a lighting control system, a light control device may include a RF transmitter to communicate a signal indicative of a lighting control command to the LCDIM using a BLE advertising packet.

Abstract: A composition [composition (C)] comprising from 1 to 90% by weight (wt. %) of at least one poly(aryl ether ketone) [(PAEK) polymer, herein after], from to 25 wt. % of at least one polyphenylsulfone polymer [(PPSU) polymer, herein after], from 1 to 90% wt. % of at least one poly(aryl ether sulfone) polymer [(P1) polymer, herein after], selected from a group consisting of at least one high temperature poly(aryl ether sulfone) polymer [(PAESHT) polymer, herein after] and at least one polyethersulfone polymer [(PESU) polymer, herein after]; from 0 to 50% wt. % of at least one reinforcing filler, and wherein all % are based on the total weight of the composition (C).

Abstract: A lighting circuit which supplies current to a solid-state light-emitting element module (LED module) including: a solid-state light-emitting element (LED); a first connection terminal connected to one end of solid-state light-emitting element; a third connection terminal connected to another end of the solid-state light-emitting element; and a second connection terminal, includes: a characteristics detector that detects one of open and short circuits between the third connection terminal and the second connection terminal; and a power controller that adjusts current that is supplied between the first connection terminal and the third connection terminal of the solid-state light-emitting element module, to a predetermined value greater than zero, when the characteristics detector detects one of the open and short circuits between the third connection terminal and the second connection terminal.