Abstract: An optical phase shifting arrangement and associated optical switching device and method are disclosed. The optical phase shifting arrangement comprises a first optical phase shifter configured to provide a first phase shift to an optical signal, and a second optical phase shifter configured to provide a second phase shift to the optical signal in addition to the first phase shift. During a predefined period, the first optical phase shifter and the second optical phase shifter are driven such that the second phase shift is substantially complementary to the first phase shift.

Abstract: A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

Abstract: An improved high-frequency filter has an adjustment or sliding device for adjusting the coupler bandwidth. The adjustment or sliding device is attached to at least one coupling element. The coupling element is associated with a coupler opening relating to a resonator. The coupling element is related to an associated coupler opening arranged in the resonator such that a means of adjustment and thus the coupling element is adjustable between two extreme settings through adjustment of the adjustment or sliding device in which the coupling element is fully or partially slid into the coupler opening or fully or partially slid out of the coupler opening or is moved or positioned away from the coupler opening.

Abstract: A method and system for beam deflection. The method and system for beam deflection comprises a compact superconducting RF cavity further comprising a waveguide comprising an open ended resonator volume configured to operate as a trapped dipole mode; a plurality of cells configured to provide a high operating gradient; at least two pairs of protrusions configured for lowering surface electric and magnetic fields; and a main power coupler positioned to optimize necessary coupling for an operating mode and damping lower dipole modes simultaneously.

Abstract: A multi-frequency klystron has an electron gun which generates a beam, a circuit of bunch-align-collect (BAC) tuned cavities that bunch the beam and amplify an RF signal, a collector where the beam is collected and dumped, and a standard output cavity and waveguide coupled to a window to output RF power at a fundamental mode to an external load. In addition, the klystron has additional bunch-align-collect (BAC) cavities tuned to a higher harmonic frequency, and a harmonic output cavity and waveguide coupled via a window to an additional external load.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to a data storage chassis for storing a plurality of non-specific storage drives, corresponding wireless controllers, and one or more radio adapters. The storage drives are operative to communicate with another network device over a network. A storage drive wirelessly communicates with other storage drives of the chassis, as well as one or more radio adapters of the chassis. The wireless controller corresponding to a storage drive is operative to wirelessly communicate with other wireless controllers corresponding to other storage drives and also with one or more radio adapters via wireless waveguides of the chassis. The one or more radio adapters are operative to communicate with other network devices external to the chassis and serve as access points to the chassis. Because the storage drives, the corresponding controllers, and the radio adapters communicate via wireless signals transmitted along waveguides, the chassis is a wireless chassis.

Abstract: A RF generator includes a structure having an input section, an output section, and an opening extending between the input section and the output section, wherein the output section has a first cavity and a second cavity, and wherein the first and second cavities are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other. A method of providing RF energy, includes receiving an electron beam, providing a first RF energy through a first cavity, wherein the first RF energy is generated using the electron beam, and providing a second RF energy through a second cavity, wherein the second RF energy is generated using the electron beam, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other.

Abstract: An electrode of an inductive output tube (IOT) is provided with channels for guiding cooling fluid. In one aspect of the invention, the channels are in a confronting relationship with a jacket surrounding the electrode and spaced from the electrode so as to define an interior region. Cooling fluid such as oil is circulated in the channels in fluid communication with the interior region, providing an escape mechanism for trapped bubbles in order to prevent localized heating of the electrode. In another aspect of the invention, the channels form multiple intersecting helical patterns of different pitches, with the steeper-pitched channels providing a more direct escape route for the bubbles.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam, multi-MW RF source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 60 kV and generates at least one MW. The RF source includes a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The power source may further include a plurality of cathodes, each cathode generating a plurality of beamlets, wherein the input and output cavities are common to the plurality of beamlets from each of the plurality of cathodes, and a separate set of gain cavities are provided for each cathode. A single cathode version generates approximately 2.5 MW, and a four cathode version having four independent cavity systems and a common magnetic system generates approximately 10 MW.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a vacuum electronic device, a hybrid magnet for a vacuum electronic device and methods of making a hybrid magnet for a vacuum electronic device are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a hybrid magnet for a vacuum electronic device includes a first magnet, a second magnet positioned in spaced-apart relation with the first magnet and defining a gap between the first magnet and the second magnet, and a non-magnetic spacer positioned in a portion of the gap between the first magnet and second magnet and connected to the first magnet and the second magnet.

Abstract: The present invention includes an electron-discharge signal system with a supercharged electron source and process therefor. The system may be any signal modification unit such as a klystron, magnetron, traveling wave tube, etc. The system includes a heat-responsive electron source, supercharger, collector, a wave modification assembly, and a bleeder module. The electron source discharges an electron beam along a predetermined electron path. The supercharger heats the electron source upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation of a predetermined signal characteristic redirected by the system. The bleeder module redirects a portion of the system's output signal to the supercharger, which heats in response thereto. In other embodiments, the system may be operated entirely by electromagnetic radiation from a freestanding signal source.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam radio frequency source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 20-40 kV and that generates at least 600 kW at a pulse width of approximately 5-30 ms. The RF source includes an electron gun having a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The cathode may include 10-20 beamlet cathodes formed in a ring, each being configured to generate a single beamlet and each having beamlet optics independent of each other. A beam collector having a plurality of openings corresponding to each of the beamlets may be provided within the output section, where the openings have no RF coupling to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of a vacuum electronics circuit by the fusion bonding of multiple substrate wafers, e.g., silicon, copper, or other suitable conductive material, each etched using DRIE, cut using EDM, or machined by other suitable means. Other aspects of the invention relate to the alignment of a cathode with tube by fusion bonding the cathode wafer to a tube built using the fabrication methods described herein. Yet other aspects involve the alignment of dies or wafers during the fabrication of a vacuum electronics device using the “lego” technique outlined herein. In yet other aspects, fabrication methods are described.

Abstract: A RF generator includes a structure having an input section, an output section, and an opening extending between the input section and the output section, wherein the output section has a first cavity and a second cavity, and wherein the first and second cavities are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other. A method of providing RF energy, includes receiving an electron beam, providing a first RF energy through a first cavity, wherein the first RF energy is generated using the electron beam, and providing a second RF energy through a second cavity, wherein the second RF energy is generated using the electron beam, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other.

Abstract: A solid state Klystron structure is fabricated by forming a source contact and a drain contact to both ends of a conducting wire and by forming a bias gate and a signal gate on the conducting wire. The conducting wire may be at least one carbon nanotube or at least one semiconductor wire with long ballistic mean free paths. By applying a signal at a frequency that corresponds to an integer multiple of the transit time of the ballistic carriers between adjacent fingers of the signal gate, the carriers are bunched within the conducting wire, thus amplifying the current through the solid state Klystron at a frequency of the signal to the signal gate, thus achieving a power gain.

Abstract: Man-portable radiation generation sources and systems that may be carried by hand to a site of interest by one or two people, are disclosed. Methods of use of such sources and systems are also disclosed. Battery operated radiation generation sources, air cooled radiation generation sources, and charged particle accelerators, are also disclosed. A radiation generation source with a target less than 0.20 mm is also disclosed.

Abstract: A terahertz sheet beam klystron (TSBK) includes an electron gun configured to generate a sheet electron beam and a drift tube through which the sheet beam is propagated. The drift tube is provided with multiple resonant cavities and includes a drift tube circuit including an input RF circuit through which an input RF signal is introduced and an output RF circuit through which an output RF signal is extracted, a collector, and a vacuum envelope. The output RF circuit is configured such that Qe (extraction Q) of the drift tube circuit is comparable to Q0 (unloaded Q) of the drift tube circuit, thereby improving the efficiency of the drift tube circuit.

Abstract: A terahertz radiation source includes: a cathode configured to emit an electron beam, an anode configured to focus the electron beam emitted from the cathode; a collector facing the cathode and configured to collect the emitted electron beam focused by the anode; an oscillating circuit positioned between the anode and the collector and configured to convert energy of a passing electron beam into electromagnetic wave energy; and an output unit connected to the oscillating circuit and configured to externally emit the electromagnetic wave energy.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam, multi-MW RF source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 60 kV and generates at least one MW. The RF source includes a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The power source may further include a plurality of cathodes, each cathode generating a plurality of beamlets, wherein the input and output cavities are common to the plurality of beamlets from each of the plurality of cathodes, and a separate set of gain cavities are provided for each cathode. A single cathode version generates approximately 2.5 MW, and a four cathode version having four independent cavity systems and a common magnetic system generates approximately 10 MW.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling a charged particle beam are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a charged particle acceleration/deceleration system. The charged particle acceleration/deceleration system may comprise an acceleration column. The acceleration column may comprise a plurality of electrodes having apertures through which a charged particle beam may pass. The charged particle acceleration/deceleration system may also comprise a plurality of resistors electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes. The charged particle acceleration/deceleration system may further comprise a plurality of switches electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes and the plurality of resistors, each of the plurality of switches may be configured to be selectively switched respectively in a plurality of operation modes.

Abstract: A method and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for fast ferroelectric tuning of RF power used in a particle accelerating system. By adjusting the voltages fed to the ferroelectric phase shift controller, the amplitude and phase of the RF power wave are altered, thus changing the coupling of the power generating circuit and the superconducting cavity. By altering this coupling rapidly, maximum power transfer efficiency can be achieved, which is important given the large amounts of power shunted through the particle accelerating system. In one embodiment, the ferroelectric tuner is optimally made of a magic-T waveguide circuit element and two phase shifters, although other implementations of the system may be utilized. Alternative phase shifters are shown.

Abstract: A device for transporting and focusing ions in a low vacuum or atmospheric-pressure region of a mass spectrometer is constructed from a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart electrodes to which oscillatory (e.g., radio-frequency) voltages are applied. In order to create a tapered field that focuses ions to a narrow beam near the device exit, the inter-electrode spacing or the oscillatory voltage amplitude is increased in the direction of ion travel.

Abstract: We describe an ultra-small structure that produces visible light of varying frequency, from a single metallic layer. In one example, a row of metallic posts are etched or plated on a substrate according to a particular geometry. When a charged particle beam passed close by the row of posts, the posts and cavities between them cooperate to resonate and produce radiation in the visible spectrum (or even higher). A plurality of such rows of different geometries can be etched or plated from a single metal layer such that the charged particle beam will yield different visible light frequencies (i.e., different colors) using different ones of the rows.

Abstract: An array of ultra-small structures of between ones of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers in size that can be energized to produce at least two different frequencies of out put energy or data, with the ultra small structures being formed on a single conductive layer on a substrate. The array can include one row of different ultra small structures, multiple rows of ultra small structures, with each row containing identical structures, or multiple rows of a variety of structures that can produce all spectrums of energy or combinations thereof, including visible light.

Abstract: An electron beam amplification device provides trajectory modulation of an electron beam, and includes an electron gun, a modulator, an interceptor, an output circuit, and a collector. The electron gun produces an electron beam. The modulator receives an RF input signal and provides a corresponding electromagnetic field region that alters trajectory of the electron beam in correspondence with the RF input signal. The interceptor has at least one aperture oriented such that the electron beam transmits through the aperture when the electron beam altered by the modulator follows a particular transmission path and impacts upon the interceptor when the electron beam trajectory altered by the modulator follows a path other than the particular transmission path. The output circuit is arranged so that the electron beam transmitted through the interceptor aperture passes therethrough and produces an RF output signal. The collector recovers remaining energy of the electron beam after passing through the output circuit.

Abstract: The electrode lengths of a plurality of electrodes linearly arranged in an acceleration cavity are proportional to the velocity of a traveling ion beam. Further, the electrode length is so designated that, in each half of a predetermined cycle in the ion beam direction of travel, the absolute value of a difference, relative to a length that is proportional to the beam traveling velocity is equal to or greater than a value corresponding to the phase width of the traveling ion beam, is provided for electrodes that do not exceed three units and that are fewer than electrodes allotted to half the predetermined cycle.

Abstract: A klystron has a plurality of electron beam paths and plural damped disc-shaped cavities. The plurality of electron beam paths cut the cavities and the Klystron amplifier further comprises an annular input cavity and an annular output cavity disposed around the substantially circular external periphery of respective disc-shaped cavities, and in communication with it. The output cavity is arranged to receive RF power from the electron beams, wherein the cavities are arranged to support one of a single resonant rotating wave in a whispering-gallery mode, and a single resonant standing wave in a whispering-gallery mode.

Abstract: An electron beam tube device such as an inductive output tube of the integral cavity type has a RF window which re-enters the interaction space within the cavity thereby defining a space that is within the interaction cavity but is outside the vacuum. An output coupler in the form of an output coupling loop protrudes into this space and thus couples with the electromagnetic field within the interaction space, whilst remaining outside the vacuum envelope. This allows the coupling loop to be adjusted without any additional seal arrangement between the coupling loop and walls of the output cavity.

Abstract: A device for generating a particle beam includes a particle source, and a structure having a first section and a second section, the first section coupled to the particle source, the first section having a first power input, and the second section having a second power input, wherein the first section is configured to produce a particle beam having a first energy E1, and the second section is configured to increase or decrease the first energy E1 by an amount E2, the absolute value of E2 being less than E1.

Abstract: A detector system for performing at least one of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation at a low-terahertz frequency. The detection of electromagnetic radiation at low-terahertz frequencies can be useful in the detection of various chemicals. Preferably a detector includes a microresonant structure that is caused to resonate by electromagnetic radiation at a low-terahertz frequency. The resonance is detected by detecting an altered path of a charged particle beam.

Abstract: A multi-beam klystron apparatus is disclosed. A radio-frequency interaction unit pole piece is arranged between a main magnetic field generator and an output-side magnetic field generator. The magnetic circuit formed in the neighborhood of an output cavity of a radio-frequency interaction unit is separated from the magnetic circuit of the main magnetic field generator by the radio-frequency interaction unit pole piece. The output-side magnetic field generator increases the axial magnetic flux density in the neighborhood of the output cavity without curving the electron beams and thus prevents the spread of the electron beams in the neighborhood of the output cavity.

Abstract: An inductive output tube (IOT) operates in a frequency range above 1000 MHz. An output window may be provided to separate a vacuum portion of the IOT from an atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT, the output window being surrounded by a cooling air manifold, the manifold including an air input port and a plurality of apertures permitting cooling air to move from the port, through the manifold and into the atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT. The output cavity may include a liquid coolant input port; a lower circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the liquid coolant input port; a vertical coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the lower circular coolant channel; an upper circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the vertical coolant channel; and a liquid coolant exhaust port coupled to receive liquid coolant from the upper circular coolant channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for pre-acceleration of ions and optimized matching of beam parameters used in a heavy ion application comprising a radio frequency quadruple accelerator (RFQ) having two mini-vane pairs supported by a plurality of alternating stems accelerating the ions from about 8 keV/u to about 400 keV/u and an intertank matching section for matching the parameters of the ion beam coming from the radio frequency quadruple accelerator (RFQ) to the parameters required by a subsequent drift tube linear accelerator (DTL).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for pre-acceleration of ions and optimized matching of beam parameters used in a heavy ion application comprising a radio frequency quadruple accelerator (RFQ) having two mini-vane pairs supported by a plurality of alternating stems accelerating the ions from about 8 keV/u to about 400 keV/u and an intertank matching section for matching the parameters of the ion beam coming from the radio frequency quadruple accelerator (RFQ) to the parameters required by a subsequent drift tube linear accelerator (DTL).

Abstract: An improved Klystron device is disclosed which has opposed electrostatic (ES) magnetic field generating members which are uniformly spaced along a longitudinal axis to form an electron beam chamber. The ES magnetic field generating members produce a magnetic flux which confines an electron beam passing through the chamber when an alternating current (AC) is imposed upon the magnetic field generating members. An additional improvement includes a chamber formed from a single sheet of electron conductive metal having a ladder-like structure symmetrical about a longitudinal hinge which permits the structure to be folded about the hinge to form a suitable electron beam chamber.

Abstract: An exemplary system and method for providing a multi-layer klystron-type electron beam device for the generation and amplification of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation is disclosed as comprising inter alia: a cathode layer (130); a collector layer (100); an extraction layer (120); a control layer (140); an input cavity (150); an output cavity (170); several ceramic spacer layers(103, 105, 107) dispose intermediately between the cathode (130) and the collector (100); and optionally, several magnetic ceramic layers (160, 165) for beam forming and focusing. After the klystron's layers are assembled, the device may be fired to form a substantially monolithic structure.

Abstract: A collector core of a microwave tube has an insulator and a radiator around a cylindrical outer peripheral portion thereof. The cylindrical insulator and radiator comprise a slit along a central axis of the collector core, respectively. These slits are arranged on mutually overlapped positions. Portions of the collector core corresponding to these slits are cut off so as to be flat or concave. These slits and the flat surface or the concave portion are arranged symmetrically in a section of the collector core.

Abstract: A pulse generator includes a microwave source that delivers a pulsed signal into a resonant compression cavity equipped with a switching device for opening or closing the resonant compression cavity. The pulsed signal is stored in the resonant compression cavity when closed to be compressed therein before being delivered with a greater amplitude and a smaller width when the resonant compression cavity is open. The microwave source is of the amplifier type with an instantaneous bandwidth including the resonant frequency of the resonant compression cavity. The microwave source receives, at an input, an input signal to be amplified that is taken from the resonant compression cavity. Such a pulse generator can find particular application in high-power pulse generators.

Abstract: An RF device comprising a plurality of drift tubes, each drift tube having a plurality of gaps defining resonant cavities, is immersed in an axial magnetic field. RF energy is introduced at an input RF port at one of these resonant cavities and collected at an output RF port at a different RF cavity. A plurality of electron beams passes through these drift tubes, and each electron beam has an individual magnetic shaping applied which enables confined beam transport through the drift tubes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for efficiently operating an ion implanter which includes a charged particle accelerator in a high energy mode and in a low energy mode. The charged particle accelerator includes a high voltage power supply, an accelerator column coupled to the high voltage power supply and a switching assembly. The accelerator column includes a plurality of accelerator electrodes. The high voltage power supply is disabled from energizing the accelerator column in the low energy mode. The switching assembly includes switching elements for electrically connecting the accelerator electrodes to a reference potential in the low energy mode and for electrically isolating the accelerator electrodes from the reference potential in the high energy mode. The switching assembly prevents positive potentials on the accelerator electrodes and thus minimizes space charge expansion of the beam when transporting positive ion beams in the low energy mode.

Abstract: A device for use in a linear accelerator operable to accelerate charged particles along a beam axis is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of monolithic members connected to form a series of accelerating cavities aligned along the beam axis and coupling cavities. Each of the coupling cavities intersects with adjacent accelerating cavities at first and second coupling apertures. The first and second coupling apertures have different sizes.

Abstract: A klystron tube for amplifying signals at microwave radio frequencies utilizes an electron source for emitting electrons through a field focused by a high energy magnet in the RF section of the tube. After the electrons have passed through the active area of the tube, the electrons strike the collector which, in this case, is a multistage depressed collector. The multistages of the depressed collector are connected to high energy voltage sources of different potentials. The klystron tube with the multistage depressed collector is uniquely used here for the first time in a ground based satellite or terrestrial communications system.

Abstract: An electron gun assembly for a CRT includes three cathode electrodes, a control electrode, an electron-stream extractor electrode, a focusing electrode, and an anode electrode. The electron-stream extractor electrode includes first, second, and third holes, each of which allows one of the three streams of the electrons to pass through. The focusing electrode includes a flat portion having fourth, fifth, and sixth holes, each of which allows one of the three streams of the electrons to pass through. The first, second, and third holes are arranged in the in-line direction. Each of the fourth and sixth holes includes a substantially rectangular opening and a substantially semicircular opening connected to each other. One side of the substantially rectangular opening is connected to a straight line segment of the substantially semicircular opening, and the substantially rectangular opening is disposed outside while the substantially semicircular opening is disposed inside.

Abstract: A collector core of a microwave tube has an insulator and a radiator around a cylindrical outer peripheral portion thereof. The cylindrical insulator and radiator comprise a slit along a central axis of the collector core, respectively. These slits are arranged on mutually overlapped positions. Portions of the collector core corresponding to these slits are cut off so as to be flat or concave. These slits and the flat surface or the concave portion are arranged symmetrically in a section of the collector core.

Abstract: An electron beam tube such as a klystron includes a penultimate resonant cavity (22) located before the output cavity (14). The penultimate resonant cavity (22) is arranged to be inductively coupled, being resonant at a frequency which is slightly greater than a harmonic frequency. This provides increased sharpening of bunches of electrons arriving at the output cavity (14) giving increased efficiency at the output.

Abstract: An adaptive heater voltage algorithm and control system for setting and maintaining a vacuum electron device (VED) heater voltage, such as that of a klystron. An algorithm and control system are disclosed that sets and maintains the VED's cathode at the lowest temperature required for 98% of the beam current that corresponds to a fully space charge limited (FSCL) operation. VED lifetime is dependent upon cathode temperature, and in general, a cooler cathode will last longer. The optimum heater voltage corresponds to the beam current that is 98% of the beam current during FSCL operation. As the VED ages and the cathode becomes depleted, the heater voltage will need to be gradually increased to maintain the 98% FSCL value. There are, therefore, two stages to the adaptive heater voltage algorithm—(1) initial determination of the heater voltage and (2) the determination of the heater voltage during amplifier operation.

Abstract: An oil-cooling system is provided for a multi-staged depressed collector of a linear beam device, such as an inductive output tube or klystron. The multi-staged depressed collector comprises a plurality of electrode stages adapted to have respective electric potentials applied thereto. The electrode stages are separated from one another by respective electrical insulators. The electrode stages are provided with a plurality of channels that extend axially along the outer surfaces of the electrodes. An inner sleeve is disposed in contact with the outer surface of the electrode stages and substantially encloses the plurality of channels. An outer sleeve encloses the inner sleeve with a space defined therebetween. The inner sleeve further includes an opening at an end thereof providing an oil communication path between the space between the inner and outer sleeves, and the plurality of axially extending channels.

Abstract: An electron gun for a color cathode ray tube includes a cathode which is a source for emitting an electron beam, a control electrode, through which the electron beam emitted from the cathode passes, having first electron beam passing holes each including a first vertically elongated indented portion formed at an output side surface of the control electrode and a first electron beam passing hole portion formed in the first indented portion, a screen electrode installed adjacent to the control electrode and having second electron beam passing holes formed in the screen electrode, a plurality of focusing electrodes for forming a plurality of quadrupole lenses, sequentially installed from the screen electrode and respectively having electron beam passing holes having a predetermined shape.

Abstract: A coupled cavity circuit for a microwave electron tube comprises at least two resonant cavities adjacent to each other. An electron beam tunnel passes through the coupled cavity circuit to allow a beam of electrons to pass through and interact with the electromagnetic energy in the cavities. An iris connecting the adjacent cavities allows electromagnetic energy to flow from one cavity to the next. The iris is generally symmetrical about a perpendicular axis of the electron beam tunnel with the iris having flared ends and a central portion connecting the flared ends. The iris shape causes the iris mode passband to be lower in frequency than the cavity mode passband while still providing broadband frequency response.