Abstract: Multiple floor treatment operations, such as burnishing, polishing, and scrubbing, may be performed using a single floor treatment machine having a motor, the speed of which is governed by a controller that responses to sensor signals indicative of the type of floor treatments pad or pads operatively coupled to the motor.

Abstract: A method for an electric power tool includes providing a main current pulse (A) in a first direction driving a rotating shaft in a first direction to add torque to a joint; after providing the main current pulse (A), providing a current pulse (C) in an opposite direction to the first direction; immediately prior to providing the current pulse (C) in the opposite direction, providing a first pre-pulse current pulse (B) that is in the same direction as the current pulse (C) in the opposite direction and of a magnitude lower than the current pulse (C) in the opposite direction; and immediately prior to providing the main current pulse (A), providing a second pre-pulse current pulse (D) that is in the same direction as the main current pulse (A) and of a magnitude lower than the main current pulse.

Abstract: A method includes receiving motor velocity data, and, in response to a determination that the motor velocity data indicates that a velocity of a motor is below a threshold velocity: calculating a thermal metric corresponding to a phase imbalance of the motor; identifying at least one thermal mitigation parameter based on the thermal metric; generating at least one thermal management motor position command based on the at least one thermal mitigation parameter; and selectively controlling the motor according to the thermal management motor position command.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of diagnosing abnormality of sensorless control of a motor for an air compressor, the method including estimating a speed of a motor in real time when a motor starts determining whether or not a preset condition for activating a function of diagnosing abnormality of sensorless control is satisfied, from a slope of the estimated speed of the motor performing control for decreasing an amount of electric current to be applied to the motor, in a case where the preset condition is satisfied computing an amount of decrease in the slope of the estimated speed of the motor while the amount of the electric current is decreased; and determining whether or not the sensorless control fails, by comparing the amount of the decrease in the slope of the speed of the motor with a preset value for confirming diagnosis of the abnormality of the sensorless control.

Abstract: An electric machine drive arrangement for a heavy-duty vehicle. The electric machine drive arrangement comprises a motor drive system inverter with an alternating current side for interfacing with an electric machine. The electric machine drive arrangement comprises a brake arrangement comprising a braking resistor circuit connectable to a control circuit. The electric machine drive arrangement comprises a rectifier arrangement connected in parallel between the brake arrangement and the motor drive system inverter on the alternating current side of the motor drive system inverter.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electric motor of a tightening tool during a tightening operation, the method comprising: a) controlling the electric motor to run at a first motor speed using a first motor speed setpoint value, b) obtaining a torque or motor current value of the electric motor, c) determining a second motor speed setpoint value lower than or equal to the first motor speed setpoint value, based on an efficiency of the tightening tool at the torque or motor current value and the first motor speed setpoint value, d) setting the second motor speed setpoint value as the first motor speed setpoint value, e) controlling the electric motor to run at a second motor speed using the first motor speed setpoint value after step d), and repeating steps b)-e) until a predetermined motor speed or torque has been reached.

Abstract: In at least some implementations, a method of controlling assist in a power steering system, includes determining a rate of movement of a steering input over a period of time, determining a rate of vehicle speed over the period of time, and controlling an electric power steering assist actuator as a function of one or both of the rate of movement of the steering input and the rate of vehicle speed. The rate of movement of the steering input is determined using a higher number of output signals from a steering angle sensor when one or both of the rate of vehicle speed is lower and the rate of movement of the steering input is lower, than when one or both of the rate of vehicle speed is greater and the rate of movement of the steering input is greater.

Abstract: A circuit for a multi phase bridge inverter having a plurality of high and low side switches arranged to be coupled, respectively, to first and second power source busbars. The multi phase inverter is arranged to control current flow in coil windings of an electric motor, and a DC link capacitor is coupled between the first and second power source busbars. The circuit comprises first and second impedances coupled in series between the first and second power source busbars and in parallel to the DC link capacitor, and means coupled between the first and second impedances for providing a voltage from the coupling between the first and second impedances to the low side switches upon the occurrence of a first predetermined condition to place the low side switches in a close circuit configuration to allow coil windings of an electric motor to be placed in a short circuit configuration.

Abstract: A protection circuit 60 is provided with: switches 61, 62 positioned on a power line PL of an electricity storage element 22 and a load 12; first protection elements 63, 64, 65 connected in parallel with the switches 61, 62 and absorbing surge caused when the switches 61, 62 open and cut off discharge current; and a second protection element 66 connected in parallel with the load and flowing, back to the load, the surge caused when the switches 61, 62 open and cut off the discharge current.

Abstract: An example converter for a switched reluctance (SR) generator includes one or more gate driver circuits that are not only used to synchronously control switches, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) of the converter, but also used to provide priming function during start-up of the generator. Since, an SR generator does not have to ability to self provide magnetic flux, priming current is provided to coils of the SR generator to initiate a magnetic flux. By using the gate drive circuit to provide the priming current, an additional priming circuit is not required. As a result, the converter design is more streamlined, with reduced complexity, cost, and size. When a bus voltage of the converter is below a threshold level, the one or more gate drive circuits can provide the priming current on the bus to initiate the SR generator.

Abstract: An electric power steering device includes a torque sensor provided between a steering wheel and steered wheels mounted on a vehicle body; an assist device that adds an assist force when the steered wheels are steered according to a torque detected by the torque sensor; and a vibration suppressor that outputs a vibration suppressing force from the assist device to suppress a vibration of a steering system according to a signal of a predetermined frequency band of the torque.

Abstract: Method for monitoring a state of a pin lifter device (10), wherein the pin lifter device (10) is designed for moving and positioning a substrate in a process atmosphere region (P). The pin lifter device (10) has a coupling (18) and a drive unit (12) having an electric motor, which is designed and interacts with the coupling (18) in such a way that the coupling (18) is adjustable from a lowered normal position into an individual active position and back. The method for monitoring includes progressively receiving a present item of motor current information with respect to a motor current applied to the electric motor, comparing the present motor current information to an item of target current information, and deriving an item of state information based on the comparison.

Abstract: Method for detecting a first operating state of a handheld power tool, wherein the handheld power tool has an electric motor. In this case, the method comprises the steps of: (S1) determining a signal of an operating variable of the electric motor; (S2) comparing the signal of the operating variable with at least one model signal waveform typical of the state, wherein the model signal waveform typical of the state is assigned to the first operating state; (S3) deciding whether the first operating state is present, wherein the decision at least partially depends on whether the model signal waveform typical of the state is identified in the signal of the operating variable in step S2. Additionally disclosed is a handheld power tool, particularly an impact driver, with an electric motor and a control unit, wherein the control unit is designed to execute a method according to the disclosure.

Abstract: A steering column for a motor vehicle includes comprising a supporting unit which can be connected to the chassis of the motor vehicle and an actuating unit, which is mounted on the supporting unit and which supports a steering shaft for rotation. The position of the actuating unit can be adjusted in relation to the supporting unit and the steering column has a position detection device for determining the position of the actuating unit relative to the supporting unit.

Abstract: A method (1000) of diagnosis of operation of a machine tool (10, 100) that includes one or more axes (X, Y, Z) moved by one or more actuators (101, 102, 104) and at least one sensor (30) coupled to the machine tool (10, 100), the method (1000) comprising operations of: generating (1200) a programming sequence of movement of the axes (X, Y, Z) of the machine tool (10, 100); controlling (1210) the movement of the axes (X, Y, Z) of the machine tool (10, 100) according to the programming sequence; receiving (1220) a read-out signal (S) of the at least one sensor (30) coupled to the machine tool (10, 100); and processing (1230) the read-out signal (S) of the at least one sensor (30) coupled to the machine tool (10, 100). The programming sequence comprises instructions that are such as to apply (T) at least one single impulsive variation of a kinematic quantity that regards one or more actuators (101, 102, 104).

Abstract: A locking arrangement for a patient lift configured to selectively lock the vertical movement of a patient support mounting device connected to a lifting device of the patient lift via a load bearing member. The locking arrangement including a shape memory alloy element and a locking device. The shape memory alloy element is connected to the locking device and arranged to selectively actuate the locking device to control a locking force on an engagement member mechanically connected to a motor and the load bearing member of the patient lift. The present invention further relates to a patient lift including the locking arrangement.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a handheld power tool with a touch screen. In an embodiment, the interactive power tool comprises a power source, a video display mounted on a surface of a housing, the video display being integrated with a touch sensitive display, one or more sensors attached to the housing, and processing circuitry, within the housing and electrically coupled to the power source, configured to identify a type of an attachment connected to the interactive power tool, switch the video display to display image data associated with the type of the attachment, receive sensor data from the one or more sensors, and update the image data based on the received sensor data from the one or more sensors.

Abstract: A motor angle detection and diagnosis apparatus is connected to a drive motor using a resolver. The resolver is configured to output a resolver feedback signal of an electrical angle of the drive motor. An angle sampling and diagnosis system in the motor angle detection and diagnosis apparatus performs two-channel simultaneous sampling on a resolver feedback signal, obtained after adjustment by the resolver feedback processing circuit, separately calculates a first electrical angle and a second electrical angle; diagnoses data obtained after the two-channel sampling of the first electrical angle and the second electrical angle in real time, diagnoses hardware circuits, and controls the motor controller to enter a safe state when a diagnosis result is abnormal. In this solution, sampling is performed by using two sampling channels, so that angle decoding of at least an ASIL C can be implemented.

Abstract: Method for monitoring a state of a pin lifter device (10), wherein the pin lifter device (10) is designed for moving and positioning a substrate in a process atmosphere region (P). The pin lifter device (10) has a coupling (18) and a drive unit (12) having an electric motor, which is designed and interacts with the coupling (18) in such a way that the coupling (18) is adjustable from a lowered normal position into an individual active position and back. The method for monitoring includes progressively receiving a present item of motor current information with respect to a motor current applied to the electric motor, comparing the present motor current information to an item of target current information, and deriving an item of state information based on the comparison.

Abstract: When the rotation direction of a motor is determined by a connection determination unit not to match a rotation command, the phase sequence of a current detection signal and the phase sequence of a voltage command are changed by a phase sequence change unit, or the positive/reverse polarity of an encoding signal outputted from an encoder is inverted by the phase sequence change unit, whereby the rotation direction of the motor controlled by a motor control device can match the rotation command.

Abstract: A hand-held electrically powered cut-off tool (100) for cutting concrete and stone by a rotatable cutting disc (105), the cut-off tool (100) comprising an electric motor (130) arranged to be controlled by a control unit (110) via a motor control interface (120), wherein the control unit (110) is arranged to obtain data indicative of an angular velocity of the cutting disc (105), and to detect a kickback condition based on a decrease in angular velocity, and wherein the control unit (110) is arranged to electromagnetically brake the electric motor (130) in response to detecting a kickback condition.

Abstract: An apparatus can include an inverter to provide an output N-phase alternating-current to an external component. When N equals two, a phase of the N phases can include an upper gate and a lower gate. The apparatus can also include a current detector configured to detect a phase current magnitude of the output alternating current. The apparatus can also include a controller coupled to the current detector and to the inverter. The controller can generate a gate command for controlling a gate of the inverter. The controller can also determine a value for a current threshold less than a shutoff current threshold for the external component. The controller can provide a protection command to turn off the upper gate of a corresponding phase of the inverter responsive to detecting that the phase current magnitude is greater than the current threshold.

Abstract: There is provided a controller for magnetic levitation equipment comprising a plurality of current source modules for connecting to at least one power supply for direct current, DC, and said current source modules comprising current channels for actuating coils of the magnetic levitation equipment, and a controller device connected to the current source modules by a control connection for controlling switching of electric current by the current source modules to the current channels. The current source modules combine discrete components for amplifying and switching electric current to the current channels into a single package. In this way, manufacturing and maintenance of the controller is facilitated, since manufacturing and maintenance may be based on the current source modules instead of discrete components, e.g. gate drivers, IGBTs, power mosfets and diodes.

Abstract: A motor forward and reverse rotation detector and a motor driver having the motor forward and reverse rotation detector are provided. A rotor position detecting circuit detects a position of a rotor of a motor to output a commutation signal. A forward and reverse rotation detecting circuit detects a back electromotive force of the motor to output a back electromotive force detected signal. The forward and reverse rotation detecting circuit, according to a phase relationship and a phase difference between the back electromotive force detected signal and the commutation signal, determines which one of a forward direction and a reverse direction is a rotational direction of the motor to output a rotational direction detected signal. A motor driving circuit drives the motor according to the rotational direction detected signal.

Abstract: A method for starting and stopping an asynchronous motor by way of a soft starter. The method includes the following steps: determining ignition options of one or more thyristors of the soft starter that are possible at a future calculation time; predicting the motor behavior for the determined ignition options, if an ignition of one or more thyristors of the soft starter is carried out; based on the predicted motor behavior, deciding whether an ignition option is to be selected and which is to be selected; and generating one or more ignition signals for one or more thyristors, if the decision for an ignition option has been made.

Abstract: A system includes a permanent magnet (PM) machine including a first phase winding and a second phase winding and a permanent magnet configured to rotate relative to the first and second phase windings. The first phase winding has a main leg and a return leg extending from the first phase winding. The second phase winding has a main leg and a return leg extending from the second phase winding. A return switch unit is operatively connected to the return legs of the first phase winding and the second phase winding. The return switch unit includes a switch configured to connect the return legs of the first phase and second phase to a neutral node in the return switch unit in a normal state, and to disconnect the return legs of the first and second phase windings from the neutral node in a fault protection state.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus include a computer-implemented method that performs the following. First inputs are received from a first monitoring of the main power distribution system (MPDS) at a safety instrumented system (SIS) logic solver. The first inputs include power status information for equipment monitored by a main distribution switchgears (MDS). A second input is received at the SIS logic solver, from a second monitoring of the MPDS. The second input includes power status information for equipment monitored by a motor control center (MCC). SIS logic solver logic in the SIS logic solver is executed by the SIS logic solver using at least one of the first and second MPDS inputs.

Abstract: As one aspect of this multicopter, the multicopter flies on the basis of information from a flight controller and is provided with the following: a main body section; a plurality of propulsion units having rotating rotary wing, the propulsion units being attached to the main body section; motors installed in the main body section or the propulsion units; at least one first detection unit that detects motor information; and a wireless transmission unit that wirelessly transmits, to the outside, the motor information detected by the first detection unit.

Abstract: A motor drive system and method for determining an optimized efficiency of the motor drive system are provided. The motor drive system includes a system controller, a motor drive having includes an inverter configured to generate the AC power upon one or more motor leads, and an electric motor, which is to convert the AC power from the motor leads to rotational energy. A dynamometer may include a load coupled to the shaft and sensors to measure to measure operating characteristics such as torque and speed of the electric motor. The system controller is configured to generate a lookup table, with an entry describing an output current command for operating the inverter and the motor at a maximum system efficiency for a given combination rotational speed and output torque. Motor temperature may also be measured and used as an additional index into the lookup table.

Abstract: A method for controlling a rotational speed of an electric tool includes starting a motor and controlling the motor to operate at a constant speed which is a preset rotational speed in response to determining that a motor of the electric tool is in a preset low-speed mode, increasing output torque until the motor runs in response to a rotor of the motor being locked, and controlling, based on a relationship between a current rotational speed of the motor and the preset rotational speed, the motor to operate at a constant speed. In this manner, the problem where a rotor is easily locked when the electric tool runs in a low-speed mode in the related art is solved and the electric tool can adaptively adjust an output rotational speed of the motor according to the load condition.

Abstract: A method of clamping an output current of a three-phase power converter is provided. The three-phase power converter includes three switching bridge arms and provides a three-phase output voltage command, and each switching bridge arm has an upper switch and a lower switch connected in series. The method includes steps of: determining that the output current is greater than a first current threshold to activate a current clamping control procedure, comparing a carrier signal with the three-phase output voltage command to turn on the lower switches by a first zero vector when the carrier signal is rising and turn on the upper switches by a second zero vector when the carrier signal is falling, determining that the output current is greater than a second current threshold to activate an overcurrent protection procedure, wherein the second current threshold is greater than the first current threshold.

Abstract: A movable hybrid machining robot is provided based on a three-degree-of-freedom force-controlled parallel module. In one example, the robot comprises: an automated guided vehicle (III-11) configured to ensure a large moving stroke of the robot; a linear guide rail (III-12) configured to control movement of the hybrid robot when the automated guided vehicle (III-11) is parked; a planar two-degree-of-freedom hybrid robotic arm configured to control in-plane two-degree-of-freedom motion, wherein the in-plane two-degree-of-freedom motion is driven by a motor on a base (21); and a three-degree-of-freedom, force-controlled parallel machining module (I) configured to control one translational degree of freedom and two rotational degrees of freedom and to control positive pressure on an end effector (564).

Abstract: Example active flow control systems and methods for aircraft are described herein. An example an active flow control system includes a plenum, a plurality of nozzles fluidly coupled to the plenum, configured to eject high pressure air across a control surface, a compressor to supply pressurized air to the plenum, an electric motor to drive the compressor, and a control system to determine an amount of power input to the electric motor, determine a current speed of the electric motor, and determine a fault has occurred in the active flow control system based on the current speed of the electric motor.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an electric power tool. The electric power tool may include a motor, a power transmission mechanism connected to the motor, a housing that houses the motor and the power transmission mechanism, an end tool holder to which an end tool is configured to be attached and from which the end tool is configured to be detached, and connected to the power transmission mechanism, and a handle attached to the housing. The electric power tool may be configured to prohibit rotation of the motor when a user is not gripping the handle.

Abstract: An open roof assembly for use in a vehicle roof of a vehicle comprises a movably arranged closure member for closing an opening in the vehicle roof and a pinch detection module for detecting a pinch of an object between the closure member and an edge of the opening. The pinch detection module is operatively coupled to receive an input signal and is configured to detect the pinch based on said input signal and a threshold. The pinch detection module is configured to dynamically determine the threshold based on the input signal.

Abstract: A smart window and a controller thereof, a power detection method and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are provided. The controller includes: a microcontroller; an output circuit coupled to the microcontroller and configured to output a driving signal under a control of the microcontroller; a first power supply coupled to a load through the output circuit and configured to supply an operating power supply to the load; a sampling resistor between the output circuit and the first power supply, a first terminal of the sampling resistor being coupled to the first power supply, and the second terminal of the sampling resistor being coupled to the output circuit; and a power acquiring circuit coupled to the microcontroller and coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal of the sampling resistor, respectively.

Abstract: A self-propelled work vehicle is provided with work state estimation and associated control techniques. The work vehicle comprises ground engaging units, a work implement configured for controllably working terrain, and various onboard sensors. A controller is functionally linked to at least the one or more onboard sensors and configured to ascertain a first parameter or operation of the work vehicle, determine a work state of the work vehicle, based at least in part on respective input signals from one or more onboard sensors, and generate a control signal for controlling at least a second parameter or operation of the work vehicle, responsive to the ascertained first parameter or operation and the determined work state. The control signals may be provided for proactive adjustments to engine speed, movements of the work implement, movements of the work vehicle itself, etc.

Abstract: An electric motor assembly comprising a housing containing a secondary power source, a motor driver, an electric motor, power sensors to sense faults in a primary power supply and the secondary power source, primary and secondary winding sensors configured to sense faults in a primary winding and a secondary winding of the electric motor, the motor driver comprising a primary controller to control the primary winding in a normal operation mode and a secondary motor controller operatively configured to control at least one of the primary winding and/or the secondary winding in a secondary operation mode, the secondary motor controller configured to drive the motor to a safe position using the secondary winding in the event of a sensed fault in the primary winding and to drive the motor to the safe position using the secondary power source in the event of a sensed fault in the primary power source.

Abstract: A tyre changing apparatus (1) for demounting and mounting a tyre relative to a respective rim of a vehicle wheel (2) includes: a frame (10); a chuck (11) rotating about an axis of rotation (A); a working tool (12), connected to the frame (10) and movable towards and away from the chuck; an electric motor (13), imparting to the chuck (11) a rotation speed and a working torque; a controller (14), including a power unit (141) supplying voltage and current as a function of a drive signal (101); a processing unit (142) generating the drive signal (101) and programmed to derive a control parameter (102) representing the working torque delivered to the electric motor (13) and to apply a torque-limiting function responsive to the control parameter (102). The processing unit (142) derives an activation parameter and, as a function of the activation parameter, enables and disables the torque-limiting function.

Abstract: A seatbelt system for a vehicle comprises a webbing (28), a belt retractor, a belt reel (16) and a belt reel angle sensor (22) having a first gearwheel assembly (32) and a second gearwheel assembly (36). The belt reel angle sensor (22) includes a multi-stage gearing (58) having a first gear stage with a first reduction ratio and a second gear stage with a second reduction ratio. The belt reel angle sensor (22) further comprises a rotation angle sensor (64) and a rotation angle transmitter (34) associated with the rotation angle sensor (64) as well as a reference signal sensor (68) and a reference signal transmitter (38) associated with the reference signal sensor (68). The rotation angle transmitter (34) is associated with the first gearwheel assembly (32) and the reference signal transmitter (38) is associated with the second gearwheel assembly (36).

Abstract: A processing system comprises a tool that processes a workpiece composed of a metal member, a motor that rotates the workpiece or the tool, a control unit that controls the motor, and a measurement unit that obtains an electrical quantity of the motor, wherein the control unit changes a rotational speed of the motor based on a difference between a first electrical quantity and a second electrical quantity, the first electrical quantity is an electrical quantity obtained by the measurement unit while the motor rotates before the workpiece is processed, and the second electrical quantity is an electrical quantity obtained by the measurement unit while the workpiece is processed.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus accurately estimates a main current of a power device using observation of a sense current. The power conversion apparatus includes: an inverter circuit including a device having a main element and a sense element; a temporary-main-current estimator estimates a current flowing through the main element, from a sense current flowing through the sense element, as a temporary main current; a temperature-difference estimator configured to estimate a temperature difference between the main element and the sense element based on a gate drive signal for the main element and the temporary main current; a main-current corrector corrects the temporary main current using the estimated temperature difference and a temperature characteristic of on-resistance of the main element and output the corrected temporary main current as a corrected main current; and an inverter control circuit configured to output the gate drive signal based on the corrected main current.

Abstract: A power system includes a battery and a controller. The controller inhibits charge of the battery according to voltage or current values sensed before and after contactors electrically connected to the battery are commanded to open and indicating that a leakage resistance associated with one of the contactors increases after the one of contactors is commanded to open, and a duration of a continuous voltage drop across another of the contactors after the another of the contactors is commanded to open exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: In a first section of a power conversion device, a second switch is turned off, a first duty drec and a third duty dz are selected so that a direct current voltage Vdc to be input to a current source becomes equal to a direct current voltage command value Vdc*, a first conversion operation of supplying power from the voltage source to the current source is performed, and the capacitor is charged by the rectified voltage via the clamp diode. In a second section of the power conversion device, a first switch is turned off, a second duty dc and the third duty dz are selected so that the direct current voltage Vdc to be input to the current source becomes equal to the direct current voltage command value Vdc*, and a second conversion operation of supplying power from the capacitor to the current source is performed.

Abstract: A vehicle includes first and second electric machines constrained to rotate in unison and configured to power a common axle. A controller is programmed to, in response to activation of the vehicle, select one of the first and second speed sensors as a representative speed sensor, and, in response to the electric machines being in speed control, command speeds to the first and second electric machines based on a difference between a target speed of the electric machines and a measured speed of the representative speed sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an anti-pinch control system. The anti-pinch control system includes a motor configured to generate driving force for moving a seat of a vehicle, a current measurement sensor configured to measure a value of the current generated by the motor, a database unit configured to store the values of current measured by the current measurement sensor, and a controller configured to vary an anti-pinch value of the seat based on an average of a plurality of values of current measured every preset measurement period for a predetermined time, stored in the database unit, wherein the plurality of values of current is values of current measured before the predetermined time based on a current time.

Abstract: In one aspect, a movable barrier operator system is provided that includes a motor configured to be coupled to a movable barrier. The motor has a power rating indicative of a minimum power to be supplied to the motor in order for the motor to move the movable barrier. The system further includes an external power supply configured to connect to an electrical outlet. The external power supply has a plurality of outputs each having a power rating indicative of a maximum power the output supplies, the output power rating being less than the motor power rating. The movable barrier operator system includes combiner circuitry configured to combine power from the outputs of the external power supply and provide the combined power to the motor. The system further includes a monitoring circuit configured to detect a fault condition of any of the outputs of the external power supply.

Abstract: A steering wheel locking control apparatus may include: a power supply switch configured to receive power from a battery when an ignition switch of a vehicle is turned off; and a switch unit connected to a motor, turned on when power is received through the power supply switch, and configured to lock a steering wheel through a closed circuit formed by shorting phases of the motor.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory array including a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns. A closed loop bias generator is configured to output a column select signal to the memory array. A current limiter receives an output of the closed loop bias generator. The current limiter is coupled to a plurality of the columns of the memory array.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a magnetic disk, a magnetic head that accesses the magnetic disk, a motor that moves the magnetic head, a ramp, a motor driver, and a processor. When a voltage value of a power supply voltage falls below a first threshold, the motor driver starts a retract operation of retracting the magnetic head to the ramp by controlling a voltage applied to the motor. When the voltage value of the power supply voltage falls below a second threshold larger than the first threshold, the processor transmits an instruction related to applying a brake to the movement of the magnetic head to the motor driver.