Abstract: A power supply system for at least one system for transporting and/or machining workpieces having a plurality of electric drive units is disclosed. The supply grid of the drive units is supplied via at least one recuperating energy storage device, which is electrically connected to a charging device that is fed from an alternating- or three-phase low-voltage grid. The power supply system for a transport and/or machining system draws maximally 50 percent more power from the power supply grid compared to the regular nominal supply current regardless of the occurrence of current peaks.

Abstract: An electrical ride-through (ERT) unit is configured to apply a voltage to a drive circuit during disruptions of line voltage to the drive circuit. The ERT unit includes a capacitor on an ERT circuit that is prevented from applying the voltage to the drive circuit during normal operation of the drive circuit, and applies the voltage to the drive circuit during a voltage drop on the drive circuit.

Abstract: A power converter arrangement includes a first converter and a second converter which include each an intermediate voltage circuit and a load-side converter. The intermediate voltage circuit of the first converter is connected electrically to the intermediate voltage circuit of the second converter by a connecting line. The connecting line is connected to a node point either with three partial connecting lines when the load-side power converters include two half-bridges, or with four partial connecting lines when the load-side power converters includes three half-bridges. Each of the partial connecting lines has at least one semiconductor component for generating a voltage drop.

Abstract: A system and method of managing power for an electric motor drive system is provided, where at least two electric motor drives are connected to a common power bus, each of the electric motor drives connected to at least one electric motor. A voltage of the common power bus is monitored, and upon the voltage of the common power bus exceeding a prescribed threshold voltage it is determined which of the at least two electric motor drives is operating in a mode other than a regeneration mode. The electric motor drive operating in a mode other than a regeneration mode is commanded to drive the connected motor into a load to dissipate the regenerated energy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a plenum module with compartmentalized interior that is subdivided, and partitioned into separate chambers by a set of wall panels.

Abstract: A regenerative brake control device for an electric-powered vehicle includes a first regenerative braking force setting unit that is operated by a predetermined number of times so as to change a setting of the regenerative brake control device from a normal regeneration level to a predetermined regeneration level, and a second regenerative braking force setting unit that is operated by a number of times that is greater than the predetermined number of times so as to change the setting of the regenerative brake control device from the normal regeneration level to the predetermined regeneration level.

Abstract: A multi-axis motor driving system, including a plurality of motor driving apparatuses respectively connected to motors and each provided with a regenerative power consumption unit for consuming regenerative power generated from the corresponding motor. The plurality of motor driving apparatuses are connected to a common DC bus. The plurality of motor driving apparatuses each include a regenerative controller for controlling start and stop of activation of the regenerative power consumption unit based on a voltage of the common DC bus.

Abstract: For an electric motor used as a generator in an electric vehicle for dynamic braking, employing a dynamic reconfiguration-switching of motor windings upon the generator exceeding one of a maximum usable constraint of a first rechargeable battery in order to reduce a voltage constant of the electric motor thereby limiting one of a produced voltage and a produced power.

Abstract: An apparatus for dynamic braking is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first switch connected to a first connection of a dynamic braking resistor and to a first power bus of a motor controller. The apparatus includes a second switch connected to a second connection of the dynamic braking resistor and to a second power bus of the motor controller. The motor controller provides power to and controls a motor. The apparatus includes a switch control module that controls the first and second switches to connect the dynamic braking resistor to the first and second power buses. The switch control module controls the first and second switches in response to a signal from the motor controller.

Abstract: A traction motor system calculates motor flux by generating a real time effective resistance of a resistance grid calculated from motor torque and measured voltage on a DC link. Calculating effective resistance avoids solely relying on DC link voltage, which can be influenced by conditions such as wheel slip and drop out of one or more resistance grids. The effective resistance calculation is based on nominal motor values using known power levels and conditions. From these nominal values and the effective resistance, various scaling factors based on actual motor power can be generated and used to adjust a nominal flux reference to more accurately reflect actual motor flux. The scaling factors include power and torque scaling factors and a resistance scaling factor that is active during conditions such as wheel slip.

Abstract: An electric brake device is provided for electronically controlled synchronous motors which are supplied with voltage by way of a converter. The synchronous motor contains a winding center point and that the winding center point is connected by way of an electric resistor and a switch to a ground point of the converter and that the phases of the converter that are connected to the ground point contain in each case a free-wheeling diode.

Abstract: The system comprises a first motor for applying rotational energy to a respective first wheel of the vehicle. A second motor is arranged for applying rotational energy to a respective second wheel of the vehicle. A first inverter is coupled to the first motor, where the first inverter is capable of receiving direct current electrical energy from the direct current bus. The first inverter is configured to provide a first group of alternating currents with a corresponding reference phase. A second inverter is coupled to the second motor. The second inverter is capable of receiving direct current electrical energy from the direct current bus. The second inverter is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift with respect to the reference phase, such that the phase shift is effective to reduce the direct current ripple on the direct current bus.

Abstract: A device converts electrical energy into heat in the field of drive voltage technology and/or high voltage technology. The device contains a brake resistance and at least one controllable brake power semiconductor for controlling the conversion, enabling a rapid and economical transformation of effective power into heat as required. To this end, the brake resistance contains a plurality of individual brake resistances that are each part of a bipolar submodule. The submodules are connected in series, form a submodule series connection, and at least partially contain an energy accumulator respectively connected in parallel to an associated individual brake resistance and a controllable brake power semiconductor, which allows the current flow over the respectively associated individual brake resistance in a brake position, and interrupts the current flow over the brake resistance in a normal operating position.

Abstract: A camera platform may be stabilized by reducing or avoiding oscillating movement, when active stabilization systems are not used. A passive dampener resists the back driving of the motors used in the active stabilization system. This dampening or resistance to back driving the motors in turn dampens movement of the camera platform. Oscillations are reduced or avoided and the camera platform may return more quickly and smoothly to a level position. The dampener may be provided as an add-on or temporarily electrically switched in accessory. The dampener may include a circuit that connects the first and second motors of the active stabilization system in series, and connects the series output of the two motors to a variable resistor through a rectifier. A transistor may be with the variable resistor to provide for more linear adjusting and a more compact variable resistor.

Abstract: An electric powered vehicle according to the present invention comprises a battery, an electric power converting device, an electric motor, a drive wheel, a control part, an accelerator, a brake, and a rotation sensor. The control part detects the velocity using the rotation sensor. When a first velocity threshold is Vt1, and a second velocity threshold is Vt2, and when the thresholds are Vt1<Vt2, regenerative control is permitted in the case where a running velocity increases to or above the second velocity threshold, and the regenerative control is prohibited in the case where the running velocity falls below the first velocity threshold.

Abstract: An electrical power supply system for an electrically powered motor vehicle, said vehicle including an electric motor, and a transmission device for transmitting energy between the drive wheels and the motor, said vehicle further including electrical accessories, in particular an air-conditioning device. Said system comprises a first rechargeable battery serving to power the electric motor and a second rechargeable battery serving to power the electrical accessories of the vehicle, the batteries being connected in parallel to the motor. The invention also relates to a method for controlling such a system.

Abstract: In a shelf storage system (1) comprising at least two shelf units (1a-1d), wherein each shelf unit has a separate moveable shelf feeder device (5) with electric drive motors (6, 7, 8), and comprising an electric energy supply circuit (P, S1, S2, S3) which supplies the shelf units (1a-1d) with electric energy, the shelf feeder devices (5) are designed for recycling electric energy produced in their drive motors (6, 7, 8) by operating them as generators back into the electric energy supply circuit, with the electric energy supply circuit distributing electric energy recycled by the shelf feeder devices among the shelf units according to requirements (arrow ES1, arrow EP).

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention discloses an apparatus for recyclable absorption of electric retardation energy from a multiple axis industrial robotics system, including a robot control unit and at least one drive unit which at retardation generates the retardation energy. By an apparatus according to the present invention, the electric retardation energy, which occurs when a drive unit is retarded and is transferred into generator mode, may be recycled by that the brake unit of the apparatus, and the to the brake unit connected mechanical devices, are accelerated. The electric retardation energy is thus transferred into kinetic energy which may be stored in the mechanical devices. An embodiment of the present invention also refers to a corresponding method for recyclable absorption of electric retardation energy from a multiple axis industrial robotics system.

Abstract: A system and method are provided whereby at least two motors driven by an inverter coupled to a DC bus are configured to alternate between regenerative and injection braking such that at least one motor is placed in regenerative braking mode and at least one motor is placed in motoring mode. Energy is simultaneously placed on and removed from the DC bus in a manner allowing a large current to flow in as many motors as possible, for fast stoppage of load inertia. At least one motor may be placed in regenerative braking mode and at least one motor in DC injection mode, such that energy is simultaneously placed onto and removed from the DC bus, respectively. Further, a single motor may be is alternated between regenerative braking and DC injection braking, such that energy is alternately placed onto and removed from the DC bus, respectively.

Abstract: An ECU executes a program including the steps of calculating a capacitor charging electric power value W (1) (a value of electric power to be stored in a capacitor) based on a voltage value of the capacitor, if a vehicle is under braking, calculating a regenerative electric power value W (2) (a value of electric power to be generated by an MG (2) under regenerative braking), if the capacitor charging electric power value W (1) is larger than the regenerative electric power value W (2), driving an engine, generating electric power by MG (1) by driving force of the engine, and charging the capacitor with the electric power generated by the MG (1) and the MG (2).

Abstract: A moving body drive control device characterized by mutually balancing a magnitude of driving force TK and a magnitude of braking force TB, both of the forces being generated by a motor, to approximate a moving speed of a moving body 100 to a target speed highly precisely without being affected by a disturbance and the like in a state where the drive control device always applies at least any force of the driving force TK and the braking force TB to the moving body 100 to always apply a driving load thereto.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the controlled dynamic braking of a DC motor in a tape transport device are provided. A PWM state device includes a plurality of state transition paths, each path having an initial state, representative of a tape profile, including a predetermined range of tape velocities, relative amounts of tape on each reel and an initial tape tension, and at least one subsequent state. When a low power event is detected, one of the state transition paths is selected, based upon a current tape profile, and an associated PWM signal is transmitted to the motor. An energy storage device provides power to the PWM state device during the low power event. The PWM signals follow the selected transition path to modulate the current generated by the motion of the motor and thereby create a decelerating force while substantially maintaining the initial tape tension.

Abstract: In a roller conveyor system for carrying out zone control, a conveyed article can be stopped in an approximately constant position without varying the position where the article is stopped in a desired control zone even if the weight of the article varies. In order to syop the article in a predetermined control zone, such stop control is carried out that a motor is decelerated and stopped in a plurality of braking systems depending on the change in the pulse width of a rotational pulse signal to stop the article with high precision in a predetermined stop position.

Abstract: A power output apparatus (20) of the present invention includes a clutch motor (30), an assist motor (40), an engine (50), and a controller (80) for controlling the clutch motor (30) and the assist motor (40). Auxiliary machinery driven by the rotation of a crankshaft (56), such as a cooling pump (104) and a P/S pump (106), are connected directly or via a belt (102) to a crankshaft (56B) of the engine (50). When the assist motor (40) rotates a drive shaft (22) only with electric power stored in a battery (94) under the non-operating condition of the engine (50), the clutch motor (30) applies a torque of rotational motion TST to the crankshaft (56) to rotate the crankshaft (56) at a predetermined revolving speed. This structure allows the crankshaft (56) to be rotated even when the engine (50) is at a stop, thereby supplying the required power to drive the auxiliary machinery.

Abstract: A power output apparatus (20) of the present invention includes an engine (50), a clutch motor (30) connecting with a crankshaft (56) of the engine (50), an assist motor (40) connecting with a drive shaft (22), and a controller (80) for controlling the clutch motor (30) and the assist motor (40). In order to attain stable driving of the engine (50) at a target engine torque and a target engine speed, the engine (50) is feedback controlled with the torque of the clutch motor (30). In the feedback control, a range of scatter of the revolving speed of the crankshaft (56) (that is, a variation in rotation or pulsating torque) due to the pulsating power output from the engine (50) is set as a dead zone. The torque of the clutch motor (30) is accordingly not varied with the variation in rotation of the crankshaft 56 (pulsating torque). This structure effectively prevents the variation in rotation (pulsating torque) from being transmitted to the drive shaft (22).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling an internal combustion engine driven electric vehicle in power operation of the vehicle, in which control is made so that a voltage of a DC intermediate circuit is maintained to a first constant DC voltage in a first speed range of from a zero vehicle speed to a first vehicle speed, the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is changed in proportion to the vehicle speed in the second speed range of from the first vehicle speed to a second vehicle speed, end the voltage of the DC intermediate circuit is made to be a second constant DC voltage in the third speed range not lower than the second vehicle speed, and control is further made so that an AC output of the second power converter is made to have a variable voltage and a variable frequency in the first and second speed ranges, while the AC output of the second power converter is made to have a constant voltage and a variable frequency in the third speed range.

Abstract: AC input voltage is lowered at a transformer, rectified at a rectifying circuit, then smoothed at a smoothing circuit, and thus produced DC voltage is supplied to an inverter which drives a motor. The rectified DC voltage is provided to a DC/DC converter to generate power supply for a magnetic bearing, and DC power supply for controlling the magnetic bearing is generated at a DC/DC converter. During the power failure regenerative electric power from motor is provided to DC/DC converter to produce power voltage for the magnetic bearing, and DC voltage for controlling the magnetic bearing is provided from DC/DC converter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power source regenerative apparatus which prevents distortion of a voltage regenerating in the power source from being caused. An inverter transforms induction electromotive force caused in regenerating the power source, namely in decelerating the motor, into a direct current. A timing adjusting device outputs a regenerative signal ST at a predetermined timing before the potential of one phase indicative of the maximum potential in three-phase supply voltages becomes the same potential as that of another phase. Based on the regenerative signal ST, a converter converts the transformed direct current into an alternating current, and regenerates it to the power source.

Abstract: A heat engine operates an alternator that supplies electrical power to an electric continuously variable transmission for driving at least one ac motor through a differential to multiple wheels or to multiple independent ac wheel motors in an automobile, bus or truck. A heat engine control operates in a closed-loop power mode and decouples heat engine speed from motor speed, allowing the heat engine to produce required power at an operating speed and throttle position, or fuel injector duty cycle, that maximizes fuel economy and minimizes engine emissions. An energy storage unit (e.g., a battery, flywheel, ultracapacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage device, or combination thereof) provides electrical energy to the electric drive system during vehicle accelerations and further reduces peak power demands on the heat engine. Advantageously, energy is recovered during vehicle deceleration and braking; and the recovered energy is used to recharge the energy storage unit.

Abstract: A motor brake control circuit is provided with a coil short circuit for short-circuiting the power terminals of the coil once a brake signal is issued from its brake circuit so that the brake is forcibly and continuously applied to the motor. With such an arrangement, the time required for the motor to come to a complete stop after the issuance of a brake command signal is considerably reduced as compared with a motor that does not have such a coil short circuit and, therefore, comes to a complete halt only by natural deceleration. Further, since the motor is braked by the short-circuited motor coil when the brake control circuit is activated, there is virtually no affect on the motor by external force such as vibration to shift its rotary position in a braked condition.

Abstract: In an automatic winder wherein each of a plurality of winding units thereof has a traverse drum driving motor and an inverter for driving the motor, the numbers of those inverters which are to be decelerated and accelerated are controlled in such a manner that the regenerative energy generated upon deceleration of the motors and the motor driving energy may be cancel each other.

Abstract: A drive and recharge system is disclosed that includes a bidirectional dc power source, two voltage-fed inverters, two induction motors, and a control unit. In the drive mode, power is bidirectionally connected between the dc power source and the motors. In the recharge mode, single-phase power applied to the neutral ports of the two motors is converted with unity power factor to return energy to the dc power source. An alternate scheme is also presented which uses a single motor having two sets of windings.

Abstract: An improved drive system for large mining trucks employing combined diesel/electric propulsion or the like wherein AC current generated by the alternator is rectified before powering wheel motors and wherein the wheel motors are used as generators to produce a retarding current that is directed to a resistive grid with plurality of shunting circuits thus extending the retard torque during dynamic braking and deceleration of the vehicle wherein the improvement comprises the use of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR's) rather than contactors to achieve the desired electric circuit arrangement and in particular wherein four SCR's are used in the resistive grid to achieve a seven stage extension of the retarding torque and wherein the SCR's in the DC circuit are deactivated (opened) by back biasing with an SCR circuit that delivers AC current from the alternator to the cathode of a switching SCR in the retarding circuit.

Abstract: An industrial robot having permanently excited three-phase motors driving each robot joint is described. Each motor is coupled to a common intermediate d-c link through an individual controlled inverter. Electric braking energy of the motors is stored in a large capacitor battery coupled to the intermediate d-c link.

Abstract: The magnitudes of currents in the armature and field windings of a separately excited d-c motor are compared, and a fault signal is produced in response to the field current magnitude either rising above a first reference level (which varies as a first predetermined function of the armature current magnitude) or falling below a second reference level (which varies as another predetermined function of the latter magnitude).

Abstract: A dynamic braking system is provided for electrically driven wheelchairs to slow the wheelchairs to a stop without needing to use a mechanical brake. A primary switch arrangement is provided for connecting resistors across the right and left wheelchair motors automatically when the switch control is in its off position, either because of purposely positioning the control by the patient or as a consequence of power failure. In addition, a secondary switching system is automatically actuated in response to the primary switching system being moved to its off position to cross connect or short circuit the terminals of the right and left motors to each other only after a given period of time to provide a secondary braking action to the motors and bring the wheelchair to a complete rest.

Abstract: A dynamic braking system for a D.C. traction motor which is driven from an asymmetric bridge rectifier having freewheel diodes to permit circulation of motor generated current. The system employs field reversal to ensure a generated (braking) current direction the same as for motoring and this facility permits injection current braking by phasing up the supply bridges when the motor is braking with full excitation. The brake resistance is in two parts one of which forms an uncontrolled arm of the bridge, this part of the resistance being shunted by a thyristor. Part way through an injection braking process the supply bridge is phased down, the resistance bridge arm shorted out and the supply bridge phased up again. Lower losses and greater braking efficiency result.

Abstract: When a plurality of shunt motors connected in parallel are used for driving an electric railcar, the differences in the characteristics of the motors introduced during the manufacturing thereof causes the armature currents to vary greatly even when they are running at the same speed. To control the field current by means a single device, therefore, the armature currents must be corrected by armature choppers. In order to fully recover the kinetic energy possessed by the electric railcar, the present invention automatically corrects for the difference in the characteristics of the shunt motors so that the required braking force is uniformly borne by each of the shunt motors.

Abstract: A phase locked loop control system, in particular for use for synchronizing the operation of a carriage drive motor and a main drive motor in a photocopier, uses a digital frequency- and phase-comparator and relies on the output pulses, used to power the slaved motor, being shaped so that each positive-going d.c. drive pulse is followed by a negative-going d.c. braking pulse of smaller amplitude, to provide positive registration of the slaved motor with the pulsed driving signal.

Abstract: A system for automatic control of dynamic braking of an independent transport facility comprises an exciting-current regulator of traction motors provided with rotational-speed transducers whose outputs are connected to the input of a traction-motor reactive e.m.f. limiter, and a voltage transducer whose output is coupled to the first input of a traction-motor exciting-current and brake-horse-power limiter formed with three interconnected rectifying bridges, the outputs of the two bridges being connected in accord and coupled to the output of the third bridge and to one input of a comparison unit, while the inputs thereof are connected to an exciting-current transducer and to a braking intensity setter, the second input of the comparison unit being connected through a diode to the traction-motor reactive e.m.f. limiter.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously and independently controlling a plurality of electric motors from a number of dispersed stations. The system operates by transmission of duty cycle modulated selected frequencies superimposed on a DC track voltage on a common power line servicing the motors. The modulation is variable and determines the speed of the motors. Transmitters are portable and designed removably to plug into a common signal transmission cable anywhere along its length without interaction. Receivers, each tuned to a specific frequency and associated with and controlling a motor, are coupled to the common power line.

Abstract: A motor drive system for a mining shovel includes three a.c. motors which are driven by associated inverter circuits that receive power from a common d.c. bus. The d.c. bus connects to the a.c. power lines through a disconnect switch and a rectifier circuit and a chopper circuit is employed to dissipate power when the d.c. bus voltage rises due to motor regeneration. A power monitor and control circuit monitors the a.c. line voltage and the d.c. bus voltage and it controls the various system elements in such a manner as to maintain the d.c. bus voltage within an operating range. When the d.c. bus voltage cannot be maintained within the operating range, the disconnect switch is enabled to shut down the machine.

Abstract: A printer for printing characters on paper supported adjacent a path along which a print head can be traversed. Two servo-motors are mounted adjacent the path and each connected to the head by a toothed belt. Control means connects the servo-motors in one of two modes: in the first, one servo-motor is energized to pull the head on a printing traverse while the other servo-motor is connected as a dynamic brake; and in the other, the other servo-motor is energized to pull the head on a fly-back traverse while the other servo-motor idles. To stop the head either in a printing traverse or at the end of a fly-back traverse, the mode of connection of the control means is reversed.

Abstract: A propulsion system for traction vehicles utilizing separately excited electric traction motors in which a level of reverse motor torque is produced when speed control is released to effect a dynamic drag on the vehicle. The system simulates in an electric vehicle the dynamic drag effect characteristic of an internal combustion engine driven vehicle when the accelerator is released. The effect is attained by providing a motor armature regenerative current path through a load resistor and by maintaining motor field current at a selected minimum level when the speed control is released. A function generator adapted to regulate motor field current as a function of motor armature current provides a minimum field current signal when armature current is less than a selected value to thereby maintain field current and motor torque when the speed control is released.

Abstract: A dynamic brake for the supply reel motor of a tape transport. Upon power failure, the motor is coupled as a generator to supply current to a lamp, which functions as a substantially constant current load, and produces a substantially constant braking torque upon the supply reel.

Abstract: An interlock circuit is provided for tape and film machines which, when the high speed forward or reverse motors are in operation, prevents the main power from being turned off even though the operator might actuate the power switch. Instead of the power going off when the main power switch is operated during high speed operation, the machine continues to operate until the operator takes his hand off the fast forward or reverse drive switch, and then the brake is energized to stop the motion of the film or tape. When the brake cycle is complete, the power is then automatically turned off.

Abstract: Static switching device for two machines making it possible to effect antkid control during drive operation and the controlling of the braking torque during brake operation. It comprises two circuits in parallel on the direct current source, a first circuit comprising, in the following order, a first chopper, a first smoothing inductance, an inductance of the first machine, a first distributing thyristor and an armature of the first machine and a second circuit comprising, in the following order, an armature of the second machine, a second distributing thyristor, a second smoothing inductance and an inductance of the second machine, the two circuits being connected together by two connections arranged on either side of the said first and second distributing thyristors, each of the connections bearing a distributing thyristor. Applications -- Controlling of electric motors used for the propulsion of vehicles.

Abstract: The electrical circuit between the power supply line and each motor or motor pair has an apparatus for re-transferring power from one mechanically driven and/or electrically braked motor to another of the motors. This apparatus includes a levelling or equalizing circuit and a plurality of back coupling devices such as diodes arranged in opposition in series. Each back coupling device electrically connects the intermediate DC circuit loosely to the levelling circuit. Upon braking of a motor, the power flows back through the associated intermediate circuit and then via the back coupling devices and levelling circuit to the other motors.

Abstract: A battery-powered thyristor-controlled lift truck traction motor control system includes simple and economical means for providing plugging torque in a continuous or proportional manner. A dual-motor drive system disclosed allows series motors to be operated in parallel from a single thyristor control system during both acceleration and plugging conditions, and allows the two motors to be operated at widely different speeds without large currents circulating between them.

Abstract: An energy exchanger for a battery driven vehicle comprising two rotatable electrical machines connected on the same shaft, one of high voltage, the other of low voltage. The electrical machines can each be operated in generator or motor modes and the machines are electrically connected together to the battery on a vehicle via an electrical control circuit such that the machines exchange energy between themselves and the battery, both to drive the vehicle by battery drain and to recharge the battery when the vehicle is decelerating. The battery can be recharged from an external power supply via the machines which then operate in generator mode.