Abstract: An electronic device includes a display module including a first region exposed to an outside in first and second modes and a second region extending from the first region, where the second region is partially opposite to the first region in the first mode or is partially exposed in the second mode, the second region includes a curved region in the first mode and a flat region extending from the curved region and opposite to the first region, a supporting member disposed below the display module, a case which contains the display module and the supporting member, where the first and second modes are determined based on a sliding motion of the case, and a wireless charging coil which is contained in the case and shielded by the supporting member in the first mode, and does not overlap the supporting member in the second mode.

Abstract: A multi-functional travel charger and a control system thereof are disclosed. The charger includes a charger body and a main control module communicated with wireless charging transmitting modules, a top shell and a bottom shell of the charger body are connected in a magnetic attraction/snap-fit manner, and the wireless charging transmitting modules include a mobile phone wireless charging transmitting module and an accessory wireless charging transmitting module. The control system includes a circuit control and charge/discharge management system and wireless charging transmitting modules; the accessory wireless charging transmitting module includes one or more of an earbud wireless charging transmitting module, a watch wireless charging transmitting module, and a stylus wireless charging transmitting module.

Abstract: A battery module including: a battery stack of battery cells having opposite ends to which a plurality of electrode tabs are connected; end-side bus bar assemblies formed at opposite ends of the battery stack, respectively, and electrically connecting the electrode tabs of the battery cells; and a case accommodating the battery stack and the end-side bus bar assemblies.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an electrified vehicle having remote terminals accessible via a charging port door. An example electrified vehicle a charging port configured to couple to a plug to charge the electrified vehicle, and remote terminals. The electrified vehicle can be jump started via the remote terminals. Further, the electrified vehicle includes a charging port door moveable between a closed position, a normal open position in which the charging port is accessible such that a plug may couple to the charging port to charge the electrified vehicle, and an extended open position in which the charging port door has moved beyond the normal open position. The remote terminals are accessible when the charging port door is in the extended open position.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a rechargeable battery for an induction garbage bin, comprising a steel shell, a battery core, an output structural component and an intermediate connection structural component, the battery core being provided in the steel shell, wherein, a lower end of a USB fixing structural part of the intermediate connection structural component is fittingly sleeved on an open end of the steel shell; a positive end of the battery core is connected with a positive tab connection point (B+) on a PCB substrate, a negative end of the battery core is connected with a negative tab connection point (B?) on the PCB substrate; the output structural component is fittingly clamped and sleeved on a USB metal part of the intermediate connection structural component; and a positive clamp output end (O+) of the electronic component is in close contact with a metal languet of a positive cap of the output structural component.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs.

Abstract: This application is directed to an apparatus for providing electrical charge to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a driven mass, a generator, a charger, a hardware controller, and a communication circuit. The driven mass rotates in response to a kinetic energy of the vehicle and is coupled to a shaft such that rotation of the driven mass causes the shaft to rotate. The driven mass exists in one of (1) an extended position and (2) a retracted position. The generator generates an electrical output based on a mechanical input coupled to the shaft such that rotation of the shaft causes the mechanical input to rotate. The charger is electrically coupled to the generator and: receives the electrical output, generates a charge output based on the electrical output, and conveys the charge output to the vehicle. The controller controls whether the driven mass is in the extended position or the retracted position in response to a signal received from the communication circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a charging method and a terminal. The method includes: automatically learning, by the terminal, historical data by using a machine learning algorithm, to establish a habit model of a user, and matching a current time with the usage habit model of the user to determine a current charging intention of the user, so as to determine a charging mode according to the charging intention. By means of the technical solutions, a charging requirement of a user can be effectively identified, and on-demand charging can be implemented. This improves user experience while avoiding a battery life decrease caused by frequent fast charging.

Abstract: An electrical wiring device for delivering power to multiple mobile devices including: a housing having a faceplate; a first power delivery port accessible through the faceplate; a second power delivery accessible through the faceplate; an AC/DC converter disposed in the housing and configured to receive an AC signal from a connection to a source of AC mains power and to output a DC signal; a first DC/DC converter disposed in the housing and configured to receive the DC signal and provide a first DC output signal having a first power to a first power delivery port; a second DC/DC converter disposed in the housing and configured to receive the DC signal and provide a second DC output signal having a second power to a second power delivery port; wherein the first DC output signal is different from the second DC output signal.

Abstract: A surgical system comprises a handpiece and a battery. The handpiece includes a body, a handpiece controller, and a handpiece connector with a first coupler, a handpiece voltage terminal, and a handpiece data terminal. The battery has a housing, a cell, a battery controller, and a battery connector with a second coupler to rotatably engage the first coupler, a battery voltage terminal, and a battery data terminal. The second coupler receives the first coupler at an initial radial position and permits rotation to a first secured radial position and a second secured radial position. Rotation from the initial radial position to the first secured radial position engages the voltage terminals to transmit power between the cell and the handpiece controller, and rotation to the second secured radial position engages the data terminals to communicate data between the controllers while maintaining engagement between the voltage terminals.

Abstract: A power control method for a charging system includes: detecting a power signal and an input voltage of the power signal; determining a charging protocol supported by the power signal; and determining whether to conduct a power switching circuit or not according to the input voltage of the power signal and the charging protocol supported by the power signal to provide power for an amplifier chip of the charging system.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: a connector holder that is fixed to an exterior case and has two main surfaces that include a first main surface exposed through an opening of the exterior case; a floating connector connected with a center of the connector holder in such a manner that the floating connector floats in such a manner that an orientation or a position of the floating connector is variable upward, downward, leftward, and rightward; a lead wire fixed to an inner surface of the floating connector, the lead wire extending through an inside of the exterior case, and the lead wire connecting floating connector with a circuit board; and a positioning buffer that pushes the floating connector, and positions the floating connector at a predetermined original state when an external force is not applied to the floating connector.

Abstract: Eyewear including a see-through display, a battery, and a frame forming at least one electrical contact for connection to a battery charger for battery charging. The electrical contact is large compared to the size of a battery charging contact to allow easy alignment. The frame may be tied to ground in one example, and to a positive potential in another example. In another example, the frame may be formed into a left portion that is electrically isolated from a right portion. The left portion has a contact coupled to a ground electrode of the battery and is configured to connect to a ground electrode of the battery charger. The right portion has a contact coupled to a positive electrode of the battery and is configured to connect to a positive potential of the battery charger.

Abstract: A control apparatus comprises: a first acquisition unit configured to acquire information indicating charging and discharging performance of an electric power device and environmental information on the electric power device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire information indicating a characteristic of operation of charging and discharging the electric power device; a correction unit configured to correct the information indicating the charging and discharging performance of the electric power device on the basis of the environmental information; and a control unit configured to control the operation of charging and discharging the electric power device according to a management plan, the management plan being based on the information indicating the charging and discharging performance corrected by the correction unit and the information indicating the characteristic of the operation of charging and discharging the electric power device.

Abstract: A charging dock, an electronic product, a charging system and a charging method are provided. The charging dock includes a housing, a first charging terminal, a first magnetic device, a first detection device and a first control circuit. The first charging terminal, the first magnetic device, the first detection device and the first control circuit are in the housing. The first magnetic device is to attract the charging plug near the first magnetic device to enable the charging plug to move in a direction towards the first charging terminal. The first control circuit is to control the first charging terminal to be energized when the first detection device detects that the first charging terminal is electrically coupled to the charging plug.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs.

Abstract: A method of operating a medical device comprises electrically connecting a power device to the medical device. The method further comprises sensing at least one characteristic of the medical device with the power device. The method further comprises adjusting or maintaining one or more characteristics of an electrical connection feature of the power device according to the at least one observed characteristic such that the electrical connection feature of the power device is operationally compatible with an electrical connection feature of the medical device. The method further comprises operating the power device according to an operational profile associated with the medical device.

Abstract: A charging station for charging a plurality of electric vehicles, in particular electric cars, comprising: a supply device, in particular for connecting to an electricity supply grid, for supplying the charging station with electric power, a plurality of charging terminals each for charging at least one electric vehicle, and each charging terminal comprises a supply input for drawing electric power from the supply device, a charging output having one or more charging terminals each for outputting a charging current for respectively charging a connected electric vehicle, and at least one DC current controller, arranged between the supply input and the charging output, for generating a respective controlled current from the electric power from the supply device, wherein each charging current (IL1, IL2) is formed from a controlled current or from a plurality of controlled currents (IS1, IS2, IS3), and wherein the charging terminals are connected to one another at exchange terminals by way of electrical exchange

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery including a first control circuit and a plurality of modules arranged in series between first and second terminals, each module including electric cells and switches and a second switch control circuit, the battery further including at least one first data transmission bus coupling the first control circuit to each second control circuit, the method including the transmission, by the first control circuit to the second control circuits, of first data representative of an electric cell configuration to be obtained to follow a set point for the delivery of a voltage and/or of a current between the first and second terminals, the second control circuits connecting or disconnecting the electric cells based on said first data and on a classification of the priorities of the electric cells.

Abstract: A wireless charging system for recharging batteries in a medical environment includes a charging station. The charging station may include an opening to receive batteries and an outlet for dispensing charged batteries, wherein the outlet comprises a slot in a front cover. The charging station also includes a wireless power transmitter having a transmitting antenna.

Abstract: A battery module including a plurality of prismatic secondary battery cells, each of the battery cells including a bottom surface, and a housing for accommodating the battery cells and including a housing floor defining integral coolant channels for passage of coolant, the integral coolant channels being in thermal contact with the bottom surfaces of the battery cells.

Abstract: Devices and methods for sharing power between power sources are disclosed. The power sources may be internal to an electronic device, external to the electronic device, or both. An electronic device may include a power source, a switch circuit, a processor, and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). The processor may determine a load current estimate. The load current estimate may be based on a device setting, an external temperature, or both. The processor may determine a power source voltage, an external power source voltage, or both. The processor may determine a power source current, an external power source current, or both. The PMIC may set an output power source current of the power source. The PMIC may set an output external power source current of the external power source.

Abstract: A mobile device wirelessly communicates with a vehicle device. The mobile device includes a receiving unit, a response signal generation unit, a transmission unit, a charging unit, and a charge state determination unit. The receiving unit receives a response request signal transmitted from the vehicle device. The response signal generation unit generates a response signal in response to the response request signal. The transmission unit transmits the response signal. The charging unit charges a built-in battery with an electric power supplied wirelessly or through wire from a power supply device. The charge state determination unit determines whether the charging unit charges the built-in battery. The mobile device is configured not to transmit the response signal, in a situation where the charge state determination unit determines that the charging unit is charging the built-in battery.

Abstract: Compact light-weight on-board three-port power electronic system built in various configurations of triple-active-bridge-derived topologies, including modular implementations, with control strategies capable of bi-directional power transfer among the three ports of the power electronic system, including simultaneous charging of a high voltage (HV) battery and a low voltage (LV) battery from a single phase power grid or a three-phase power grid with minimized reactive power and active circulating current, with ensured soft-switching for MOSFET devices, and with enhanced synchronous rectification and reduced power losses.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs.

Abstract: A battery pack in one aspect of the present disclosure includes a communication terminal and a detector, and supplies electric power to an external device. The communication terminal receives a first signal, a second signal, and a third signal. The first signal has a first potential, the second signal has a second potential, and the third signal has a third potential. The first potential, the second potential, and the third potential are different from one another. The detector determines a potential at the communication terminal, to thereby detect the first signal, the second signal, or the third signal in accordance with the determined potential.

Abstract: A method to charge a personal-protection-device energy store for operating a personal protection device of a vehicle. The method includes a step of reading in a voltage value of a source energy store of the vehicle. In addition, the method includes a step of ascertaining a charging current for charging the personal-protection-device energy store with power from the source energy store, the charging current being ascertained, using the voltage value read in; and using the charging current for charging the personal-protection-device energy store.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a charging apparatus. The charging apparatus comprises a power source module, a main control circuit, a voltage booster circuit, an adjusting circuit, and an output port. The charging apparatus is configured to charge a vehicle battery or other consumers through the output port. The power source module is electrically connected to the main control circuit and the voltage booster circuit. The main control circuit is electrically connected to the adjusting circuit and the voltage booster circuit. The main control circuit is configured to output an adjusting signal to the adjusting circuit. The adjusting circuit controls the voltage booster circuit to output a first or second output voltage to the output port, according to the adjusting signal. The second output voltage is greater than the first output voltage. The present disclosure provides a plurality of voltages to meet the vehicle battery.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution containing a polycyclic aromatic compound.

Abstract: Intelligent modular battery pack assemblies and associated charging and docking systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs.

Abstract: A battery management apparatus according to the present disclosure may include a sensing unit detachably mounted to a battery system and configured to measure a voltage of a cell assembly included in a battery pack, which is electrically connected to another battery pack in parallel, when being mounted to the battery system; a balancing circuit having a balancing resistor connected to a charging and discharging path of the cell assembly in parallel and a balancing switch for electrically connecting or disconnecting the cell assembly and the balancing resistor; and a processor operably coupled to the sensing unit and the balancing circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments to provide a multi-battery energy storage device. One embodiment comprises a first battery and a second battery, with a first circuit branch coupling a positive side of the first battery to a positive side of the second battery, a second circuit branch coupling a positive side of the first battery to a negative side of the second battery, a third circuit branch coupling the negative side of the first battery to the negative side of the second battery, and multiple switchable devices configured to control flow of current through corresponding branches. Other embodiments comprise other configurations and operations.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed. The electronic device includes a radio signal receiving circuit configured to receive a radio signal, a battery, a charging circuit, and a processor. The processor implements the method, including determining a communication quality of the radio signal when the radio signal is received through the radio signal receiving circuit, while the charging circuit is charging the battery, selecting a charging method and set a charging current of the charging circuit for the battery, based on the determined communication quality, and controlling the charging circuit to charge the battery using the selected charging method and the set charging current.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are regulated power supplies. The power source delivers power to a system load and includes battery units. The power source also includes power flow devices coupled to the battery units that are configured to provide power from the battery units to the system load. Each power flow device corresponds to a respective one of the battery units, and includes a one direction current flow device connected in series with a current regulator between the respective battery unit and the system load.

Abstract: An information handling system may include a processor; a battery to supply power to the information handling system, the battery comprising a voltage regulator to power a battery management unit (BMU) on the battery and set a system present pin of the BMU to a high voltage; the BMU to: detect a voltage indicator indicating a change in voltage state at a system present pin of the BMU that is externally connectable to a ground or voltage source at the information handling system, the voltage indicator indicative of an electrical coupling of the battery to the information handling system while the information handling system is in an off state; and register the voltage indicator within a battery register of the BMU; and a microcontroller, upon powering on of the information handling system, to read the voltage indicator at the battery register and determine that the battery has been coupled to the information handling system.

Abstract: A charging dispenser includes a direct current (DC) electrical power input, a DC electrical power pass through output, and a DC electrical power charging output. The charging dispenser also includes a switching unit coupled to the DC electrical power input, the DC electrical power pass through output, and the DC electrical power charging output. Further, the charging dispenser includes a controller configured to provide control signals to the switching unit, the switching unit being configured, responsive to the control signals, to selectively electrically disconnect the DC electrical power input from the DC electrical power pass through output and electrically connect the DC electrical power input to the DC electrical power charging output of the charging dispenser and to selectively electrically connect the DC electrical power input to the DC electrical power pass through output and electrically disconnect the DC electrical power input from the DC electrical power charging output of the charging dispenser.

Abstract: Provided are a charging device and a charging method. The charging device comprises: a charging device body and an engine starting interface provided on the charging device body, wherein the charging device body comprises: a power supply, a control unit, and at least one electromagnetic coil. The control unit is respectively connected to the power supply and the at least one electromagnetic coil, and the control unit is configured to control the at least one electromagnetic coil to generate a varying magnetic field when the amount of power of the power supply is greater than or equal to a pre-set amount of power and the charging device is wirelessly connected to a device to be charged, so that an internal coil of the device to be charged generates a varying current to cause the charging device to wirelessly charge the device to be charged.

Abstract: A dynamic voltage compensation circuit suitable for performing voltage compensation between an electronic device and a multimedia device, and includes a current detection unit, a calculation module and a voltage output unit. The current detection unit is configured to obtain the output current of the electronic device outputting the multimedia device from the bus power terminal. The calculation module is configured to receive the output current and an ideal reference voltage, execute a voltage compensation algorithm to calculate a predetermined output voltage based on the output current, the ideal reference voltage, and a compensation coefficient, and generate a control signal according to the predetermined output voltage. The voltage output unit is configured to receive a control signal, and is controlled by the control signal to generate a compensated output voltage and output it to a bus power terminal.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a battery, a charging integrated circuit (IC) configured to control a charging state of the battery, a connector pin for receiving power from an external device, the connector pin including a first connector pin for receiving a high potential voltage from the external device and a second connector pin for receiving a low potential voltage from the external device, a touch sensor, and a controller. The controller receives power from the external device through the connector pin based on the detection of the external device being connected to the connector pin, charges the battery using a high potential voltage, detects a user input through the touch sensor while the battery is charged, and stops the charging of the battery and outputs a current corresponding to state information of the electronic device through the first connector pin based on the detection of the given user input.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device that includes an enclosure with both a positive electrical connection and a negative electrical connection positioned on an outside surface of the enclosure and a chemical storage cell for storing electrical energy, where the cell is mounted within the enclosure, and where the cell provides electrical energy to loads electrically connected to the connections, and where the cell is removable from the enclosure without uninstalling the device. The device also includes a subframe, attached within the enclosure, for mechanically mounting the cell within the enclosure, a latchable cover attached to the enclosure, where opening the cover enables a user to access the cell, and an electrical harness for electrically connecting the cell to the connections.

Abstract: A foldable electronic device is provided, which includes a display having a first display area and a second display area that are arranged in a same direction when the foldable electronic device is in a flat state. The foldable electronic device further includes a first housing structure that surrounds at least part of the first display area, a second housing structure that is connected to the first housing structure and that surrounds at least part of the second display area, and a first receiving coil disposed in a first magnetic field area at an edge of the first housing structure.

Abstract: A battery device includes a power storage unit, a signal input unit to which a security signal is input, and a switching unit that enables or disables an electrical connection of the power storage unit to an electric power input/output terminal according to a signal input to the signal input unit, and when a release signal that is one type of the security signal is input to the signal input unit, the switching unit enables an electrical connection of the power storage unit to the electric power input/output terminal.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to an electrical feedthrough for a battery cell. The electrical feedthrough may include a rivet, an outer gasket, an inner gasket, a terminal and an insulator. The rivet compresses the outer gasket, inner gasket, and terminal to create a hermetic seal at an opening through an enclosure of the battery cell. The inner gasket includes a recessed portion for seating of the terminal to prevent rotation of the terminal with respect to the inner gasket, a protrusion for engaging a corresponding notch on the terminal to further prevent rotation of the terminal with respect to the inner gasket, and a mating surface for attaching to the insulator to align and position the insulator within the enclosure. The insulator is positioned between the battery cell and the inner gasket to prevent physical and electrical contact between the set of layers and the feedthrough.

Abstract: A docking station is provided that includes at least one component configured to couple to a robot and an identification surface. The identification surface includes a first curvature that varies at a first substantially constant rate of change along a first dimension the identification includes a second curvature that varies at a second substantially constant rate of change along a second dimension. The second dimension is orthogonal to the first dimension. The identification surface includes a third curvature that varies at a third substantially constant rate of change along a third dimension. The third dimension is orthogonal to the first dimension and the second dimension.

Abstract: A wireless charger configured to charge a device includes: a charging base disposed at a lower portion of the vertical wireless charger; a support portion disposed over the charging base and configured to support the device being charged; a charging coil disposed in the support portion and configured to charge the device being charged; and a cross-flow fan disposed over the charging base, having a fan air outlet extending in a width direction of the support portion, and configured to dissipate heat away from the device being charged and/or the wireless charger through exhaust air. As such, a size of the vertical wireless charger in a length direction can be reduced, and the wind propagates in a straight line and covers a larger size of the wireless charger in the width direction, thereby improving heat dissipation and increasing wind propagation distance.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a main body including a charging electrode for charging a robot cleaner, a sensing unit for sensing that the robot cleaner is docked to the main body, and the robot cleaner is electrically connected to the charging electrode, a power supply unit for supplying charging current to the charging electrode, a measuring unit for measuring the magnitude of the charging current provided to the robot cleaner, and a MICOM for recognizing whether the robot cleaner is docked based on information on the magnitude of the charging current measured in the measuring unit. When the measured magnitude of the charging current is less than the magnitude of a set current, the MICOM transmits a first setting signal to the robot cleaner, and based on whether a second setting signal corresponding to the first setting signal is received, the MICOM checks whether the robot cleaner has been docked.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a battery, and a charging system in electronic communication with the battery. The charging system may be configured to initiate a charging of the batter when the battery is in a partially-depleted state. The charging system may then discontinue the charging in response to the battery being charged to the threshold charge value, and may monitor the function of the electronic device to predict an event of the electronic device. After the event is predicted, the charging system may determine when to initiate a recharging process, so that the battery is fully charged when the event occurs.

Abstract: A wireless vehicle charger assembly for wirelessly charging an electronic device in a vehicle includes a box that is integrated into a dashboard of a vehicle. In this way the box is accessible to a driver of the vehicle. A charging unit is integrated into the box and the charging unit is in wireless communication with the electronic device when the electronic device is positioned in the box. The charging unit broadcasts a charging signal to wirelessly charge the electronic device.

Abstract: A power conversion circuit includes a first end of a first switch element coupled to an input power supply; a second end of the first switch element coupled to a first end of a first energy storage element, and a first end of a second switch element; a second end of the first energy storage element coupled to ground through a third switch element, and a first end of a fourth switch element; a second end of the second switch element coupled and connected to a battery; a first end of a second energy storage element coupled to two ends of the first energy storage element through a fifth switch element and a sixth switch element; a second end of the second energy storage element coupled to the battery; and a second end of the fourth switch element coupled to the battery.