Abstract: A system and method for integrated thermal monitoring in Power over Ethernet (PoE) applications. Headroom in a particular cable installation is identified using ambient temperature measurement alone or in combination with determined cable characteristics. In calculating an amount of headroom for a particular cable installation, the current capable of being carried over the cable would not be limited by worst-case cable assumptions.

Abstract: A device for regulating a voltage supply to a semiconductor device, the device comprising memory for storing a plurality of performance ranges, wherein the respective performance ranges are associated with a respective supply voltage; means for measuring the performance of the semiconductor device; and a regulator for modifying the supply voltage to the semiconductor device if the measured performance of the semiconductor device is not within a predetermined portion of the performance range associated with the voltage supplied to the semiconductor device.

Abstract: The operating voltage of an integrated circuit (e.g., a processor) is changed in response to one or more conditions (e.g., a laptop computer is connected to an AC power source). Both the operating frequency and the operating voltage of the integrated circuit are changed. The voltage regulator providing the operating voltage to the integrated circuit is caused to transition between voltage levels using one or more intermediate steps. The integrated circuit continues to operate in the normal manner both at the new voltage and throughout the voltage transition.

Abstract: A multiple output AC/DC power adapter is provided. The adapter includes an adapter body with an output connector and more than one output plugs configured for connecting with the output connector. The adapter body includes a DC-DC converting circuit having an input terminal, an output terminal, a first adjustment terminal. The output connector includes a positive terminal, a second adjustment terminal and a negative terminal configured for connecting to the output terminal and the first adjustment terminal of the DC-DC converting circuit and ground correspondingly. The output plugs each includes an adjustment resistor having a resistance value different from the other output plugs. Therefore, when equipped with a plurality of output plugs each of the plurality of plugs having different resistor R0, the adapter can supply different output DC voltages for different electronic device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to dynamically measuring the speed of a circuit and modifying the operating voltage of the circuit based on the measured speed, in order to minimize the power being used while still ensuring proper operation of the circuit. Consequently, circuits of higher inherent speeds may have their voltages decreased (thus decreasing their actual speeds), while circuits of lower speeds may have their voltages increased, or kept the same. Thus, the resulting speeds of all circuits may be kept within a limited range to ensure proper operation. In addition, the power dissipated of circuits of higher speeds may be decreased.

Abstract: A switch mode power supply apparatus includes a transformer, a main switching device to adjust a power supply supplied to a primary coil of the transformer, an active clamping circuit to suppress a voltage stress of the main switching device, and a control circuit to control a clamping operation of the active clamping circuit when the switch mode power supply apparatus is in a standby mode. Therewith, it is possible to significantly reduce power consumption of the switch mode power supply apparatus in the standby mode and improve efficiency of the switch mode power supply apparatus.

Abstract: A power converter and a PWM controller for compensating a maximum output power includes a power switch, an oscillator, a control circuit and a delay modulator. The oscillator generates a pulse signal. The control circuit is coupled to the oscillator for generating a PWM signal and an over current signal in response to the pulse signal and a current sense signal of the power converter. The delay modulator is coupled to the control circuit for generating a delay control signal in response to the PWM signal and the over current signal, wherein the delay control signal is used to prolong a propagation delay time of the control circuit in response to the on-time of the PWM signal, and the propagation delay time can be compensated by the on-time of the PWM signal to limit the maximum output power under a high-line input voltage and a heavy-load condition.

Abstract: A connector system is provided for coupling an ionization emitter to an high voltage (HV) supply. The connector system includes one or more contacts for distributing voltage from the HV supply to the emitter. The connector system further includes a detection device that detects an element of an emitter that provides one or more properties of the emitter. The connector system further includes a detection logic device that sets one or more operating parameters of the HV supply according the one or more properties provided by the element of the emitter.

Abstract: A power converter for compensating a maximum output power includes a power switch, a control circuit, an oscillator and a frequency modulator. The control circuit generates a PWM signal in response to the pulse signal generated by the oscillator. The frequency modulator generates a second discharge signal to the oscillator for controlling the maximum output power of the power converter. The second discharge signal is decreased for prolonging a switching period of the PWM signal under a high-line voltage of the power converter.

Abstract: This invention discloses a system and method for dynamically managing voltage and frequency in an integrated circuit (IC), comprising a plurality of ring oscillators for generating a plurality of continuous pulses with frequencies reflecting the process parameter, operating voltage and temperature effects in the IC, a period generator for generating at least one gating period with a predetermined duration, a plurality of counters coupling to the plurality of ring oscillators as well as the period generator for counting the number of the continuous pulses in the gating period, at least one selector for selecting a predetermined number counted by the plurality of counters, and at least one voltage-and-frequency adjustment circuitry for adjusting one or more operating voltages or one or more clock frequencies in the IC based on the predetermined number selected by the selector, wherein the IC operating voltage or clock frequency correlates with the ring oscillator frequencies.

Abstract: A dynamic voltage scaling system for a packet-based data communication transceiver includes a constant voltage supply, a variable voltage supply, and a voltage control unit. The constant voltage supply is configured to supply a constant voltage to at least one parameter-independent function of the transceiver, and the variable voltage supply is configured to supply a variable voltage in accordance with a control signal to at least one parameter-dependent function of the transceiver. Parameter-independent transceiver functions perform operations independent of a predetermined parameter and parameter-dependent transceiver functions perform operations dependent on the predetermined parameter The voltage control unit is configured to generate the control signal based on information provided by at least one parameter-independent transceiver function about the predetermined parameter.

Abstract: A battery-powered power supply system is disclosed that is fully compatible with PMU ASIC and USB power architectures as well as being backwards compatible with the non-PMU power architectures. A battery-powered power supply utilizes a battery source (e.g., two AA battery cells in series), in a circuit including a switching power supply IC with a programmable variable output voltage and current limiter, along with a microcontroller. The invention also can include a flashlight or similar light source, which has utility beyond the obvious uses of a flashlight. The voltage and current supplied by the system of the present invention is controlled by the microcontroller to provide a variable voltage, variable as a function of time, if desired, during the charging operation. The flexibility afforded by a micro-controller controlled system allows the present invention to operate in different power or operational states and to adapt itself to the load demands.

Abstract: A system involves LED strings and programmable current source circuits (CSC). An LED current flows through each LED string. Each LED current is controlled by an associated programmable CSC. In one embodiment, the CSCs form a chain. A first CSC uses a reference current for calibration, and thereafter supplies the reference current to the next CSC. When the next CSC detects the reference current, it uses the reference current for calibration. CSCs are calibrated one by one down the chain. In a second embodiment, each CSC can receive the reference current from a common conductor. If the common conductor is detected to be available, then the CSC uses the reference current for calibration. When the conductor is in use, the other CSCs detect the conductor as unavailable and do not attempt to self-calibrate. The CSCs use the reference current one by one, but in an order that changes over time.

Abstract: An electronic circuit power supply device configured to selectively apply at least one first voltage or one second voltage to a power supply terminal of the electronic circuit that includes elements for applying to the power supply terminal a voltage variable from a value equal to the first voltage to a value equal to the second voltage and elements designed for selecting application of the second voltage to the power supply terminal when the variable voltage reaches the second voltage.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of reducing power consumption in a circuit by adaptive bias current generation of a bias current configured to bias, at least in part, at least one amplifier of the circuit is provided. The method comprises establishing the bias current based, at least in part, on a reference frequency of a reference clock providing a clock signal to at least one component of the circuit, and changing the bias current in response to a change in the reference frequency of the at least one reference clock, the bias current being change non-linearly with respect to the change in the reference frequency of the at least one reference clock. In another aspect, the method comprises establishing the bias current based, at least in part, on a capacitance of a reference capacitor, and changing the bias current in response to a change in the capacitance of the reference capacitor such that the bias current is changed non-linearly with respect to changes in the capacitance of the reference capacitor.

Abstract: A high accuracy constant-off average output current control is provided. It is composed of the reference block generates preset reference and converts the reference signal into a suitable format; the state detecting block, the state variables of switching power converter are detected and the detected signals are converted into the same signal format as one of output from reference block; The error-zero detector is used to detect the error between the outputs from reference block and state detected block and trigger constant off timer as the error is cross over zero; the constant off timer, the constant off time is dependent on the input and output voltages of the switching converter. Four function blocks can be simple as comprising of a basic operation and be implemented with several operation functions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rechargeable battery for connection to a load, in particular for supplying a manually operated electric tool device with electrical energy, comprising a rechargeable-battery housing (28) and rechargeable-battery cells (10) arranged therein and an electronics unit (16), wherein the electronics unit (16) comprises a unit for pulse width modulation for producing different voltages.

Abstract: A voltage providing circuit for generating an output voltage, which includes: a plurality of oscillating circuits, for providing clock signals with different frequencies; a detection circuit, for generating a detection result according to a reference voltage and the output voltage; a selecting unit, coupled to the oscillating circuits and the detection circuit, for selecting one of the clock signals according to the detection result; and a charge pump circuit, for controlling a charge pump according to the clock signal selected by the selecting unit to generate the output voltage.

Abstract: A battery and a DC-to-DC converter are contained in a battery pack. When the battery pack is connected to a load by means of a connector and an output voltage reference value, corresponding to the power supply voltage of the load, the output voltage of the battery is converted according to the output voltage reference value by the DC-to-DC converter. The output voltage reference value is set by an output voltage reference value output means in the connector. Furthermore, the converted voltage is supplied to the load via an output voltage line.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for powering an integrated circuit chip with a supply voltage generated externally to the chip. An on-chip clock signal is generated with a ring oscillator fabricated on the integrated circuit chip. The supply voltage is altered as a function of a difference between a frequency of the on-chip clock signal and a reference clock frequency.

Abstract: A tuner having one or more digitally controllable tuning components may be coupled to an analog feedback compensation network in a target switching power supply controller to adjust the compensation while the power supply is operating. A communication interface couples the tuner to a host having a software interface to enable a user to adjust the values of the tuning components. The tuner may include components to adjust the values of a feedback network, an input network, a ramp adjust component, etc., on the target controller.

Abstract: A feed controller adopted to be included in a battery drive type device, the feed controller adopted to supply power to a predetermined load from a battery holder that obtains rated electromotive force from plural rated number of batteries having predetermined specification and connected in series while held by the battery holder, the feed controller includes: an outer casing attached to the battery holder in place of one of the plural batteries and having shape and size appropriate for being held by the battery holder; a converter unit disposed within the outer casing to receive voltage corresponding to the sum of the electromotive forces from the other batteries when the outer casing is held by the battery holder in place of the one battery and convert the supplied voltage to output voltage corresponding to the rated electromotive force; a switch unit inserted into a feed path for supplying the output from the converter unit to the predetermined load to open and close the feed path according to a feed contr

Abstract: A control unit includes an input terminal and an output terminal for a signal to be controlled, a control input terminal and a control output terminal for a control signal, variable capacitors connected in a bridge configuration between the input terminal and control input terminal, between the input terminal and control output terminal, between the control input terminal and output terminal, and between the control output terminal and output terminal, capacitances thereof being changed by the control signal, and a differential signal-controlled power source in which the control signal is applied across the control input terminal and control output terminal in a differential mode with a pair of signals having the same absolute value and mutually opposing polarities. Voltage or current of the signal to be controlled is controlled by the control signal changing the capacitances of the variable capacitors in the bridge configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for supplying power to an independent active component and to assembly comprising a rolling bearing and an independent electronic system (8) comprising at least one active component, wherein said assembly comprises at least one area displaying the variations of at least one state during the bearing rotation. Said assembly is characterised in that said area is provided with a substrate (9) comprising means (10) for converting said variations into electric signal, the electronic system is mounted on the substrate (9) together with the active component electrically communicating with the conversion means (10) by means of a signal operating device which is integrated into the system and is used for converting the electric signal into current required for electrically feeding said active component.

Abstract: A device that includes a voltage supply unit and an integrated circuit, the device is characterized by including a voltage sampling circuit adapted to sample voltage levels at multiple sampling points within the integrated circuit, to provide multiple sampled voltages, wherein the multiple sampled voltages reflect the voltage drops; and wherein the voltage supply unit is adapted to adjust a supply voltage provided to the integrated circuit in response to at least one sampled voltage. A method for voltage drop compensation; the method includes providing a supply voltage to an integrated circuit; the method is characterized by sampling voltage levels at multiple sampling points within the integrated circuit, to provide multiple sampled voltages, wherein the multiple sampled voltages reflect the voltage drops; and adjusting a supply voltage provided to the integrated circuit in response to at least one sampled voltage.

Abstract: A control system for dynamically adjusting an output voltage of a voltage converter includes a signal calculation circuit, a pulse width modulator, a voltage converter, a nonlinear calibration circuit and a signal converter. The signal calculation circuit, the pulse width modulator, the voltage converter and the signal converter form a long-tail loop. The signal calculation circuit simultaneously receives a target value and a detection value from the signal converter to generate an error value for adjusting the output of the pulse width modulator. The voltage converter and the nonlinear calibration circuit form a local pulse-squashing loop. Pulse widths of an input signal to the voltage converter can be timely and effectively calibrated and controlled, thereby decreasing power consumption of the voltage converter and providing an effective protective mechanism.

Abstract: Briefly, a method an apparatus of a power management system of a semiconductor device capable of managing a power consumption of the semiconductor device by varying an operating voltage of the semiconductor device according to a voltage value based on a reference number.

Abstract: The Power Control Device can communicate with connected load or appliance for identification and control, and Intelligent Power Control. The Power Control combines Triac (or similar technology) function with Relay (or similar technology) function in a single intelligent current and temperature sensing multipurpose Dual Mode device. This combination of modes and the ability to automatically switch between them provides the capability to provide dimming to appropriate appliances as well as provide high power to devices not requiring dimming or variable power control. One embodiment is a universal power outlet which does not need to be dedicated to one function but can serve as a dimmer or as a full power relay switched circuit. The Power Control Device has sensing, reporting, control and interface capabilities necessary for a high function automation system. These include interface to command or controller systems, ability to sense states and function with partial or full autonomy.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling voltage includes a condenser having a first end coupled to an input node of a target circuit, and a second end coupled to a predetermined fixed potential, a constant current source coupled to the first end of the condenser, and a control circuit configured to charge or discharge the condenser by the constant current source, to measure a first time period passing from start timing of the charge or discharge to timing at which a voltage at the first end of the condenser reaches a predetermined voltage, and to change an input condition or operation condition of the target circuit upon passage of a second time period from the start timing where the second time period is responsive to the first time period.

Abstract: A system for dynamically scaling a power voltage including a system on chip (SoC) and a power control circuit. The SoC includes a plurality of application circuits. The SoC is configured to generate internal clock signals in response to an externally supplied clock signal. The SoC also generates a target voltage that changes based on a change of an operating current. The internal clock signals are respectively provided to the application circuits. The operating current is a sum or total current of the application circuits. The power control circuit generates an internal power voltage based on the target voltage and provides the internal power voltage to the SoC. The system for dynamically scaling a power voltage including a SoC may decrease power consumed in the SoC because the system of dynamically scaling a power voltage decreases a required voltage margin by changing a target voltage before a transition of the SoC current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a senseless MPPT control apparatus of a photovoltaic power generation system and a method thereof. The control apparatus includes a current transformer, an A/D converter, a new and old current detector, a new duty ratio detector, an old duty ratio detector, a new and old duty ratio comparator, first and second new and old current comparators, a duty ratio adder, a duty ratio subtractor and a PWM signal generator. A maximum output point of a solar battery cell is tracked by using only one feedback current flowing into a load. Further, feedback factors can be reduced to one. It is possible to simplify the construction of a control circuit and minimize tracking control failure.

Abstract: A detection circuit for generating a control signal for controlling output voltage of an AC adapter. The detection circuit for an electronic device receives power information from an external power supply via a cable to generate the control signal that controls DC input voltage output from the external power supply. In the detection circuit, a correction voltage generation circuit generates a correction voltage in correspondence with the parasitic resistance of the cable. A power information correction circuit corrects the power information provided from the external power supply via the cable with the correction voltage to generate corrected power information. A detection signal generation circuit calculates the total power amount of the electronic device and generates a power detection signal corresponding to the total power amount. The control signal generation circuit generates the control signal based on the corrected power information and the power detection signal.

Abstract: A circuit comprises a digital phase locked loop for generating a synchronization signal and a voltage regulator for providing regulated output voltage responsive to the synchronization signal from the digital phase locked loop.

Abstract: A power supply unit capable of varying power supplied to a light source at timings determined by synchronization signals is provided. The power supply unit comprises an interface that receives a plurality of types of synchronization signals with different pulse widths and a control unit that changes a setting of output power supplied by the power supply unit in accordance with the pulse widths of the plurality of types of synchronization signals. The control unit includes obtaining a standard time interval from a cycle of a standard type of synchronization signal that has a longest pulse width, parsing for determining type of each synchronization signal, redefining supply power values corresponding to respective types of synchronization signals, and changing the setting of output power of the power supply unit to a supply power value corresponding to a type of the synchronization signal.

Abstract: A device capable of controlling a supply voltage and a supply frequency using information of a manufacturing process variation includes a data storage device storing data indicating performance of the device a decoder decoding the data stored in the data storage device and outputting decoded data, and a frequency control block outputting a frequency controlled clock signal in response to the decoded data output from the decoder. The device further includes a voltage control block outputting a level controlled supply voltage in response to the decoded data. The voltage control block outputs a body bias control voltage controlling a body bias voltage of at least one of a plurality of transistors embodied in the semiconductor device in response to the decoded data. The performance is operational speed of the device or leakage current of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A digital current-mode controller for a DC-DC converter is disclosed. The controller comprises a digital current reference; and a current loop compensator adapted to receive a digital current error signal derived from a digital current sample sensed from the DC-DC converter and the digital current reference and to generate a duty-cycle command, wherein the current loop compensator comprises a low-pass filter that is used in generating the duty-cycle command. A DC-DC regulator comprising a digital current-mode controller and a method of controlling a DC-DC converter are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an electric equipment is provided. The apparatus includes an input unit for generating a digital control signal carried on a power line to be transmitted to a power socket according to an operation of a user. The power socket receives the digital control signal through the power line, and determines whether or not to provide a power source to the electric equipment according to the digital control signal.

Abstract: This invention discloses a system and method for dynamically managing voltage and frequency in an integrated circuit (IC), comprising a plurality of ring oscillators for generating a plurality of continuous pulses with frequencies reflecting the process parameter, operating voltage and temperature effects in the IC, a period generator for generating at least one gating period with a predetermined duration, a plurality of counters coupling to the plurality of ring oscillators as well as the period generator for counting the number of the continuous pulses in the gating period, at least one selector for selecting a predetermined number counted by the plurality of counters, and at least one voltage-and-frequency adjustment circuitry for adjusting one or more operating voltages or one or more clock frequencies in the IC based on the predetermined number selected by the selector, wherein the IC operating voltage or clock frequency correlates with the ring oscillator frequencies.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a controller to control voltages supplied to a first circuit unit and a second circuit unit arranged in a semiconductor module, includes a first power control unit configure to supply a control signal to determine a set voltage to a first power supply which supplies a drive voltage of a value corresponding to an output current to the first circuit unit along the set voltage and a loadline specifications, the set voltage being changed in accordance with a load condition with an operation of the semiconductor module, and a second power control unit configure to supply a control signal to supply a second voltage value to a second power supply which supplies a drive voltage to the second circuit unit.

Abstract: The invention discloses an automatic voltage control circuit for controlling a power supply unit to adjust a supply voltage provided by the power supply unit. The automatic voltage control circuit includes an oscillating unit, a frequency-comparing unit, and a control unit. The oscillating unit generates an oscillating signal. The frequency-comparing unit compares the oscillating frequency of the oscillating signal with at least one predetermined threshold frequency. The control unit controls the power supply unit to adjust the supply voltage according to the comparing result generated by the frequency-comparing unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a separate type converter. The separate type converter includes a power control module having a power control circuit generating a first control signal, and a power stage module having a power stage circuit coupled to the power control circuit for receiving the first control signal and an input voltage, and generating an output voltage, in which the power control module and the power stage module are separate from each other in an assembling structure.

Abstract: A voltage generating circuit of semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a voltage controller that detects the level of an external supply voltage and outputs a voltage control signal; a voltage supplier that outputs the external supply voltage or a first internal voltage in response to the voltage control signal; and a first reference voltage generator that is supplied with an output voltage of the voltage supplier and generates a first reference voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides voltage regulator configured to exchange commands and data with a power management engine. A method according to one embodiment may include generating, by a voltage regulator, at least one state signal indicative of the operational parameters of the voltage regulator; transmitting, by the voltage regulator, the at least one state signal to a power management engine; generating, by the power management engine, at least one power management signal based on, at least in part, the at least one state signal; transmitting, by the power management engine, the at least one power management signal to the voltage regulator; and controlling the operation of the voltage regulator based on, at least in part, the at least one power management signal. Of course, many alternatives, variations and modifications are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: A DC-DC voltage converter having a switching stage including high- and low-side switches connected in series at a switched node across a DC voltage bus; a control circuit; and a feedback loop connected between an output of the switching stage and an input of the control circuit, the control circuit having a clock signal input and including an error processing circuit coupled to the input for detecting an output of the feedback loop, the control circuit turning OFF the low-side switch and turning ON the high-side switch when the clock signal is detected. The control circuit operates in a cycle-by-cycle operation generating PWM modulation synchronous to the external clock source.

Abstract: A switching control circuit having a synchronous input for the synchronization of power converters is provided. It includes a synchronous input circuit for receiving a synchronous input signal. An oscillation circuit is connected to the synchronous input circuit for generating an oscillation signal in response to the synchronous input signal. A signal converter is coupled to receive a feedback signal of the power converter for modulating the oscillation signal in response to the feedback signal for achieving power savings. The oscillation signal is connected for enabling the switching signal of the power converter. The switching signal can be synchronized with the synchronous input signal immediately after the synchronous input signal is inputted. Otherwise, the switching signal will be running free.

Abstract: Integrated circuit chips with on-chip supply regulators with programmability and initialization. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit, includes: an initialization circuit to assert an initialization signal during powering up of the integrated circuit; a control circuit coupled to the initialization circuit; and a power supply regulator coupled to the control circuit, the power supply regulator to provide a first voltage to the control circuit when the initialization signal is asserted, the power supply regulator to provide a second voltage to the control circuit according to a control signal from the control circuit when the initialization signal is not asserted. In one embodiment, the integrated circuit includes a digital television demodulator.

Abstract: A system may comprise a control system that controls a state of a switch network, the control system having first and second thresholds that determine the state of the switch network based on the relative voltages at an input and an output of the switch network. A scaling network is coupled across the input and the output of the switch network and providing a gain scaling signal to a first input of the control system. An offset network is coupled to the output of the switch network and providing an offset signal to a second input of the control system, the first threshold being set independently of the second threshold based on the gain scaling signal and the offset signal.

Abstract: A power feeding system includes a power feeding apparatus and a power line communication unit. The power feeding apparatus feeds power from a power line to an external apparatus. The power line communication unit communicates via the power line, which is a communication medium. The power feeding apparatus includes an acquisition unit, a restriction unit and a determination unit. The acquisition unit acquires restriction information used to restrict the feeding of the power to the external apparatus. The restriction unit restricts the feeding of the power to the external apparatus to which the power feeding apparatus is to feed the power. The determination unit determines as to whether or not the restriction unit has to restrict the feeding of the power, based on the restriction information acquired by the acquisition unit.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for detecting and configuring a solid state dimmer when wired in series or parallel with a load powered by an alternating current (AC) input. The device can comprise a microcontroller configured to be powered by the AC input. A zero-cross detector in communication with the microcontroller is capable of detecting when an AC waveform crosses zero and generating a corresponding pulse signal when the AC waveform crosses zero. A pulse analyzer can be included and configured to determine when the zero-cross detector is generating pulses exceeding a pre-determined time length threshold that represents a serial wiring configuration.

Abstract: An arrangement including a program-controlled unit and a power chip, the power chip connected to drive electric loads in accordance with load control data, and the program-controlled unit transmitting the load control data and power chip control data, and the power chip transmitting to the program-controlled unit diagnostic data. The program-controlled unit, by transmitting corresponding control data to the power chip, can input the behavior of the output drivers of the power chip and/or configure protective mechanisms present in the power chip and/or input to the power chip the format of the diagnostic data to be output and/or input to the power chip when it has to output what diagnostic data and/or input to the power chip which load is to be controlled by which load control data section, and/or input to the power chip whether the load control data contains redundant data suitable for detecting transmission errors.