Abstract: A control circuit for controlling the voltage supply to selected ones of a plurality of output terminals to which controllable devices are connected to is described. The control circuit comprises manually operable function switches which are connected to an integrated circuit providing output logic signals to feed an interlock circuit to select the operation of one or more of a plurality of high voltage electronic switching devices. An interface circuit is connected between the switching devices and the interlock circuit to trigger the operation of selected switching devices to connect a high voltage supply to associated ones of the output terminals. The interface circuit also prevents feedback voltage surges from the one or more switching devices to protect electronic circuits in the control circuit.

Abstract: A power efficient circuit for charging the gate of a transistor switch to a charge-pumped voltage level in excess of a supply rail voltage is provided. The circuit includes a current-controlled oscillator which generates an oscillating waveform that drives a capacitive charge-pump circuit. The circuit monitors the gate voltage of the transistor switch and reduces the frequency of the oscillating waveform, thereby reducing power consumption, when the gate voltage exceeds a frequency switching value indicating that the transistor switch has been sufficiently turned so as to allow the circuit to enter a micropower mode.

Abstract: A power circuit for a semiconductor apparatus comprising an internal power voltage generating circuit generating an internal power voltage, an external power voltage detecting circuit, a power voltage switching circuit switching the internal power voltage to the external power voltage in response to the output of the external power voltage detecting circuit, and a switching signal setting circuit. The output of the power voltage switching circuit is the internal power voltage when power is first applied to the semiconductor device. The switching signal setting circuit provides the correct power voltage switching signals quickly to the power voltage switching circuit when power is applied and the external power voltage is not inputted to the apparatus at the early stage of power application.

Abstract: A step-down circuit for power supply voltage, which converts an external power supply voltage into a first voltage that is lower than the external power supply voltage so as to apply it to an internal circuit, is provided with: a reference voltage generation circuit for generating a reference voltage from an external power supply voltage, a differential amplification circuit for releasing a difference between the reference voltage and the first voltage as a control signal, a driving circuit for controlling a driving current to be supplied to the internal circuit according to the control signal from the differential amplification circuit, a signal generation circuit for releasing a detection signal by detecting an increase of consumption current in the internal circuit, and a control means for controlling the driving circuit so as to increase the current to be supplied to the internal circuit in accordance with the detection signal from the signal generation circuit.

Abstract: A power converter for providing a selectable desired voltage has a converter circuit having an input port for receiving an input of a first voltage and an output port for providing an output of a second voltage. The converter circuit also has a keyway for receiving a key. The key, which is configured to be received by the keyway, contains an electrical component and has a body within which the electrical component is disposed. The output voltage of the converter is determined by the value of the component disposed within the body of the key such that the output voltage can be varied by replacing the key with another key having an electrical component of a different value.

Abstract: A light emitting diode driving circuit for supplying a driving pulse to a light emitting diode to thereby cause the light emitting diode to intermittently emit light is disclosed which comprises a clamping circuit, a photodiode disposed in the vicinity of the light emitting diode for detecting the optical output power of the light emitting diode, an AC amplifier having its DC operating point stabilized by means of a DC feedback circuit for AC amplifying the detected output from the photodiode, a shaping circuit for shaping the output amplified signal from the AC amplifier, and a comparison circuit for comparing for voltage the output shaped signal from the shaping circuit and a reference voltage, in which the clamping voltage of the clamping circuit is controlled by the output of the comparison circuit and, thereby, the optical output power of the light emitting diode is maintained constant.

Abstract: A switching circuit constructed according to the invention includes an input node, an output node, a reference node, a switch, and a feedback control circuit for cycling the switch in a series of cycles of variable switch duty ratio in order to produce a chopped signal at the output node. One form of the feedback control circuit integrates the chopped signal during each cycle in order to produce a feedback signal indicative of the average value of the chopped signal during each cycle. A comparator circuit produces a control signal indicative of an occurrence of a condition in which the level of the feedback signal equals the level of the reference signal, and a switch control circuit varies the switch duty ratio according to the occurrence of that condition in order to maintain the average value of the chopped signal linearly related to the reference signal.

Abstract: A voltage generation circuit reduces power consumption by providing a regulator circuit wherein the current in an inverter leg of the generator is proportional to the current in a sense element portion of the regulator. The inverter leg comprises n- and p-channel transistors which are gated by signals from the sense element portion.

Abstract: A power efficient circuit for charging the gate of a transistor switch to a charge-pumped voltage level in excess of a supply rail voltage is provided. The circuit includes a current-controlled oscillator which generates an oscillating waveform that drives a capacitive charge-pump circuit. The circuit monitors the gate voltage of the transistor switch and reduces the frequency of the oscillating waveform, thereby reducing power consumption, when the gate voltage exceeds a frequency switching value indicating that the transistor switch has been sufficiently turned so as to allow the circuit to enter a micropower mode.

Abstract: A voltage regulator is provided for producing a predetermined output voltage level. The voltage regulator has a voltage source for providing a plurality of successively increasing voltage levels at a corresponding plurality of output terminals, or taps. A controller is provided for automatically selecting, in response to an electrical control signal, the one of the taps providing a voltage level above the predetermined output voltage level. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the selected tap is the one of the plurality of taps producing a voltage level closest to, and greater than, the predetermined output voltage level. With such an arrangement, the electronic control signal allows a convenient way to select an output voltage level closest to, and greater in magnitude than, the predetermined voltage level, thereby improving the efficiency of the regulator.

Abstract: Control apparatus for controlling a driving unit which receives DC power, wherein the driving unit has a detecting device for detecting a driving condition of the driving unit, includes detection circuitry for detecting a power supply condition of the DC power supplied to the driving unit. A memory is provided for storing a predetermined range of driving unit driving condition values verses a predetermined range of driving unit control signals. The memory has a plurality of tables, each table storing a portion of the predetermined range of driving unit driving condition values and a corresponding portion of the predetermined range of driving unit control signals. A control unit is provided for (1) selecting one of the plurality of tables according to the detected power supply condition, (2) selecting a driving unit control signal according to the detected driving condition of the driving unit, and (3) controlling the driving unit in accordance with the selected driving unit control signal.

Abstract: An electronic controller (22) designed to be placed within an electrical series circuit for the purpose of controlling voltage and amperage applied to a series load (21) within the same circuit. The concept of design being that the controller is attached exclusively to the series circuit and obtains operating voltage through the points of connection to the series circuit. The controller provides a wide range of variable amperage control to the load being driven. Further design features are that the controller operates within a series circuits comprising alternating current, rectified alternating current, pure direct current or a combination of any without modification.

Abstract: A system for regulating the transfer impedance of a plurality of current-to-voltage converters to a substantially equal value includes a reference voltage source and a reference impedance for providing a reference current. A reference current-to-voltage converter is responsive to the reference current and provides an output voltage. A comparator is responsive to the reference voltage and the output voltage and provides a control signal to the reference current-to-voltage converter and to all the other current-to-voltage converters to maintain the transfer impedance of all the current-to-voltage converters constant.

Abstract: In a switching transistor control circuit, the switching transistor has a control electrode and first and second main circuit electrodes. A reactor is connected in series with the first main circuit electrode of the switching transistor to receive a main circuit current through the switching transistor. Circuitry is connected to an end of the reactor remote from the first main electrode and to the control electrode of the switching transistor, for supplying an electromotive force to the control electrode which is generated by the reactor as main circuit current decreases when the switching transistor is turned off. A control electrode driving circuit is connected to the control electrode, and is connected to one of the first main circuit electrode and a predetermined intermediate position on the reactor, for supplying a drive signal to the control electrode for selectively turning the switching transistor on and off.

Abstract: A current regulator providing a highly accurate bidirectional output current, proportional to a control voltage (V.sub.i) and suited to monolithic integration is disclosed. The regulator uses a clocked integrator which integrates an error charge, arrived at by taking a precisely ratioed sample charge proportional to a voltage drop (V.sub.F), free of its common mode voltage, which is in turn proportional to the load current, and one proportional to the control voltage (V.sub.i), and combining them subtractively to form the error charge. The arrangement uses two small charge ratioing capacitors charged respectively to V.sub.F and V.sub.i, and a slightly larger integrating capacitor. The clocking is at a 10 KHZ rate. High impedance circuitry is utilized so that highly accurate, integrated capacitors of modest size and high relative accuracy may be used. These establish a regulator transfer function of high accuracy.

Abstract: A series type d.c. power source circuit having a comparator for comparing a voltage detected by a current detector with a reference voltage and generating an overcurrent detection signal; and a controller connected in series with a power source line for controlling a d.c. output and executing an overcurrent protection operation, wherein one of a d.c. output division voltage and an output voltage and an oscillator circuit is mainly used as the reference voltage of the comparator, and the output voltage of the oscillator circuit is used during the overcurrent protection operation.

Abstract: An adjustable power converter which allows the output voltage of the power converter to be controlled linearly by a programming resistor or a programming voltage is provided. The adjustable power converter includes a linear programming circuit which generates a current as a linear function of the programming voltage or the resistance of the programming resistor. The current is connected to the feedback loop of a conventional power converter such that the output voltage of the power converter is a linear function of the current. As a result, the output voltage of the power converter can be linearly adjusted by adjusting the programming voltage or the programming resistor.

Abstract: The synchronous switching power supply can be employed in multiple output power supply systems requiring extremely high efficiency and low number of components. The input signal may be AC or pulsating DC. A single switch is switched at zero voltage and current. The short circuit protection is inherent. A switching power supply with buck converter includes a switch for selectively applying the input signal of one polarity to a node, an inductor coupled to the node for attaining a current, a rectifier coupled between the node and ground for conducting the current, a capacitor coupled between the inductor and ground for providing the output signal, a first comparator for comparing the input signal against a first signal, a second comparator for comparing the output signal against a second signal, and a control circuit responsive to the first and second comparators for controlling the switch.

Abstract: The invention pertains to electrical power control more particularly to a class of circuitry known as thyristor phase control. The novel circuit can be used to control heating devices, electrical motors and generators and many other types of equipment that require a precise control of the output of a thyristor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power source circuit in which an output of a power source battery is converted by a voltage regulator constructed by a predetermined voltage regulating system and is output, an output voltage is divided by a resistance controller whose voltage dividing resistance value can be discontinuously adjusted, the divided voltage is input to the voltage regulator, and thereby controlling an output voltage, wherein means for controlling a voltage changing speed of a resistor is connected in parallel with a predetermined resistance element of the resistance controller. With the above construction, a voltage drop and a deterioration of voltage regulating efficiency which easily occur in the case of changing the output voltage from a low value to a high value in a stepwise manner are reduced. Then, the life of battery is prolonged and, further, an erroneous warning of the battery life is prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus for dampening current in a coil has a switchable member which controls the current level in the coil and a flyback circuit that allows current in the coil to slowly dissipate when the switchable member changes from an "ON" to an "OFF" state. The flyback circuit has a high resistance when the switchable member changes from the "ON" to the "OFF" state so that the coil current is dampened as quickly as possible without creating a destructive voltage and low resistance when the switchable member is in the "ON" state to conserve energy. A signaling device creates a voltage signal as a function of current passing through the flyback circuit and a receiving device varies the resistance of the flyback circuit in response to the voltage signal. The apparatus is particularly suited for use in a motor control circuit.

Abstract: A single-chip solid-state bidirectional switch comprises two power MOS transistors (TP1, TP2) connected by their drains (D1, D2), and the sources of which (S1, S2) constitute the main terminals (A1, A2) of the switch; two auxiliary MOS transistors (T1, T2) each of which is connected by its main terminals between the source and the gate of each power transistor, the gates of those auxiliary MOS transistors being connected to the common drain of the power transistors; and two high-value resistors (R1, R2), respectively connected between the gate (G1, G2) of each power transistor and the control terminal (G) of the solid-state switch.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for feeding a load (3) from a low voltage energy source (1) via a direct-voltage conversion circuit (2). The direct-voltage conversion circuit periodically takes energy from the energy source by means of a main switching element (10) and supplies this energy as an increased supply voltage (at 12) to the load via an inductive element (9) and a rectifier (11). A starting switching element (15) takes energy for generating the supply voltage (at 12) from the energy source during a starting phase. The circuit arrangement is simple and compact and the energy losses produced are so low that it is economic to use it for energizing a small appliance particularly a small domestic appliance, from a battery or a rechargeable accumulator. A main control circuit (13) is supplied with energy directly from the supply voltage (at 12) and periodically controls the main switching element.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter circuit produces an output voltage which includes a small error voltage floating on a larger direct current voltage component. The circuit includes a controlled current supply coupled to the emitter of an NPN transistor to which the direct current voltage component is supplied to the base thereof. The error voltage is generated by modulating the current through the transistor by controlling the current supply, independent of the voltage component supplied to its base, such that the output voltage occurring at the emitter of the transistor is a function of the difference between the direct current component and the natural log of the modulated emitter current.

Abstract: A computer D.C. power supply comprises an AC-DC converter for converting alternating-current power from an external A.C. power source to direct-current power. A rectifier is connected to the A.C. power source to supply a D.C. voltage to a first light-emitting diode to cause it to emit light to a phototransistor, which is connected in the AC-DC converter for activating it in response to that light. A photo-thyristor is also connected to the rectifier and is optically coupled with a second light-emitting diode for establishing a low-impedance path across the first light-emitting diode in response to light from the second light-emitting diode. A switching circuit, connected to the output terminals of the AC-DC converter, is responsive to a shutdown command signal applied from a computer for activating the second light-emitting diode to cause light to be emitted therefrom to the photo-thyristor.

Abstract: This present invention provides a voltage sustainer which eliminates the DC current problems of conventional voltage sustainers. The embodiment of the voltage sustainer of the present invention comprises a first field effect transistor (FET) having its drain connected to a supply voltage and its drain connected to a second FET; a second FET having its drain connected to the source of the first FET, its source connected to an output node and its gate connected to the source of a third FET; a third FET having its source connected to the gate of the second FET and its drain connected to the output node; a first MOS capacitor having one side connected to receive an input signal and its other side connected to the interconnection between the source of the first FET and the drain of the second FET; and a second capacitor having one side connected to receive the input signal and its other side connected to the source of the third FET.

Abstract: An output stage control circuit comprises an output driving means connected to a load for driving the same, a control means for taking out detection signals corresponding to signals flowing to the load and supplying analog control signals to the output driving means and a reference signal supply means for supplying reference signals to the control means, in which the analog control signals are generated depending on the detection signals and the reference signal, and the load is driven in an analogous manner by the output driving means depending on the analog control signals. The output stage control circuit can continuously supply the current to the load thereby operating the load stably with less occurrence of noises and stably for a long period of time.

Abstract: A constant current circuit includes a first constant current source including a transistor and a resistor, and a second source also including a resistor and a transistor which is controlled via a differential amplifier to produce a second constant current equal to the first. The differential amplifier has inputs connected to tapping points of similar potential dividers coupled between the current sources. The circuit is particularly applicable for supply d.c. sealing current via center-tapped transformer windings to the two balanced wire pairs of a four-wire transmission line.

Abstract: A voltage converting circuit has an output MIS transistor which gives a low output impedance and outputs an intermediate level of power source voltage. The output level is set with a high accuracy through a voltage dividing ratio determined by an impedance element. This impedance element is connected with a compensating MIS transistor to compensate for variations of the gate threshold voltage caused by the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A voltage reference source for supplying one or more reference voltages to load circuitry. The reference source comprises an ungrounded voltage reference cell (20) floated between two power supply levels (Vcc and Vee), and an operational amplifier (22) whose non-inverting input (terminal 9) may be connected to sense the voltage of the load circuit's ground node. The inverting input of the op amp (terminal 10) may be connected to various nodes (6, 8, 11) in the reference cell; the voltage on the selected node is forced to match the sensed ground voltage and that node thus becomes an internal ground reference point. The high input impedance of the op amp (22) limits the current in the ground sensing path to a very low value, such as about 10 nA. Consequently, very little voltage is developed in the leads from the load circuit's ground node to the op amp input. The floating reference cell (20) has a resistive divider (48, 50) across its output.

Abstract: A displacement converting device converts mechanical movement of a sensor or actuator mechanisms to a corresponding electrical signal by varying the electrostatic capacitance of one or a combination of capacitors in accordance with the mechanical movement. Current generating circuits produce currents having magnitudes corresponding to the capacitance values. An operational amplifier generates an output signal having a value corresponding to the mechanical movement by comparing the magnitudes of the generated currents.

Abstract: A plurality of locally-distributed ECL slave reference generators positioned throughout a large monolithic integrated circuit device for tracking closely a central master reference generator to provide stable slave reference voltages wherein each of the slave reference generators includes a differential comparator which has first and second inputs coupled to a master reference voltage and a slave reference voltage respectively for comparing the master reference voltage and the slave reference voltage and for generating a difference voltage output. A constant current source is coupled to the differential comparator for establishing a constant current flow through the differential comparator. A negative feedback device is responsive to the difference voltage output for supplying a feedback to the second input of the differential comparator as that the slave reference voltage tracks closely the master reference voltage.

Abstract: A safe operating area circuit in combination with a current sensing circuit is coupled to an input voltage line and has a control line input in which the combination provides a current limited output on an output voltage line in response thereto. Break-points may be selectably established in the current limit curve for the output switching device by means coupling the input and output voltage lines.

Abstract: A direct-current power supply for supplying electric current to a load and operable with a plurality of types of batteries includes a housing unit for loading therein batteries employed, a monitor device for monitoring a voltage output from batteries in use, an indicator for indicating a warning, a comparing device which compares the monitored voltage with a reference voltage to energize the indicator when the monitored voltage becomes lower than the reference voltage, a voltage generating unit for generating a plurality of voltages as the reference voltages associated with the types of batteries available, and a selecting unit for selectively supplying one of the plurality of voltages generated to the comparing device. Each of the plurality of voltages is set to a value higher than a limit voltage which is sufficiently low for allowing an normal operation of the load.

Abstract: A power supply circuit including a voltage stabilizing circuit and a voltage changing circuit responsive to an external control signal. The power supply circuit operates in one of two voltage-level changing modes. One mode changes the voltage level from a first stabilized output voltage to a second stabilized output voltage and the other mode cuts off or restores a stabilized output voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for varying the power supplied from a D.C. power supply to a moderate to high powered load such as a motor is disclosed. Trapezoidal voltage and current waveforms are used approaching the maximum load power delivery available from sine wave drives and the minimum dissipation in the driver circuitry available with square wave drives, while at the same time minimizing the generation of undesirable electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Abstract: A power supply circuit which comprises a first power source terminal for applying a plus voltage and a second power source terminal for applying a minus voltage. A first transistor is inserted between the first power source terminal and a load. A second transistor is inserted between a base of the first transistor and a ground potential and is controlled by the voltages applied to the first and second power source terminals. A capacitor is connected to the second power source and ground potential. A sequence of applying or cutting-off voltages to be applied to the load is predetermined even when a sequence of applying or cutting-off the voltages from said first and second power source terminals becomes erratic.

Abstract: A DC power circuit comprises a first control means which is provided between a DC power source and a pair of output terminals for controlling voltages as well as currents supplied to a load from the DC power source. An output current detector detects the output current from the DC power source, and provides a first control potential proportional to the detected current. On the other hand, an output voltage detector is coupled between the pair of output terminals for detecting the voltage applied to the load, and provides a second control potential proportional to the detected voltage. A second control means selectively assumes one of two stable states in response to external control. A third control means receives the first and second control potentials, and responds to the state of the second control means for controlling the first control means based on the received two control potentials.

Abstract: A pair of jaws moveable with respect to one another whether mounted in a hand held sealer or desk mounted sealer, compresses, heats, elongates, spreads and welds liquid filled tubing placed therebetween. Variants of the pair of jaws provide means for serially or simultaneously segmenting the tubing into a plurality of sealed compartments. The pair of jaws are electrically connected to a source of RF energy as the plates of a variable capacitor in an RF resonant circuit. The flow of RF energy across the pair of jaws, which energy heats the tubing and, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, makes the weld, is a function of timing and of the spacing between the jaws which spacing affects the degree of resonance of the RF resonant circuit.

Abstract: The output from a reference voltage source is provided to a DC amplifier and its output is applied as a reference voltage to an output terminal. The output thus derived at the output terminal and the output from the reference voltage source are changed over by a switch to be alternately supplied to a smoothing circuit, the smoothed output from which is fed back to the DC amplifier. The switch is changed over periodically by a control signal from a control circuit, and by controlling the change-over ratio of the switch, a reference voltage of a desired value is provided at the output terminal. Thereafter, when the output voltage at the output terminal deviates from the reference value, the deviation is corrected by the feedback action.

Abstract: A light dimming system for simultaneously controlling the brightness of a plurality of two-terminal indicating lights, each having one terminal connected to receive a constant voltage relative to ground. The system includes a single dimmer control for producing an arbitrarily variable control voltage, and a like plurality of interface circuits, connected between the dimmer control and the other terminals of the indicating lights, respectively, for varying the voltage at the other terminals of the indicating lights proportional to the control voltage supplied to the interface circuits from the dimmer control.

Abstract: A reference voltage generating circuit in a DC power supply includes a differential amplifier for detecting a difference voltage between a reference voltage and the output voltage, and a voltage control circuit which is responsive to an output signal from the differential amplifier so as to control the DC power supply output voltage to limit the difference between the output voltage and the reference voltage to zero. More specifically, the reference voltage generating circuit includes a reference voltage source, a first variable resistor connected in parallel with the reference voltage source, a second variable resistor connected to the negative side of the reference voltage source, a third variable resistor connected to the positive side of the reference voltage source, and a switching circuit for connecting a movable contact piece of the first variable resistor to either the second or third variable resistors, or to neither of them.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the charge and the voltage of a substrate for use with integrated circuit devices.

Abstract: A voltage regulation circuit is provided wherein a command from a computer is utilized to turn on a Darlington transistor pair. When the Darlington transistor pair is turned on, a power transistor is allowed to turn on which acts as a switch to supply a voltage to the input of a voltage regulator. In response to the voltage supplied to the input of the voltage regulator, the voltage regulator provides a regulated output voltage. In this manner a circuit is provided in which a regulated output voltage may be provided in response to a computer command.

Abstract: A solid state voltage regulator circuit having an output with absolute voltage change per degree centigrade temperature dependence comprises a voltage regulator having a forward control loop for sensing changes in regulated output voltage, and a temperature transducer having an output voltage connected to the forward loop and adapted to change the sensed regulated voltage input to the regulator in direct proportion to the absolute ambient temperature. The transducer output is connected to the forward loop by an amplifier and the circuit is readily adapted to any desired linear temperature dependence by adjustment of the gain of the amplifier.

Abstract: A constant current switch for controlling a generally constant switchable load current with fluctuating voltage comprises a first transistor connected in to the current branch of the load circuit and having a voltage divider in parallel to its control path for measuring its control voltage and a second transistor connected to the control input of the switch and to the voltage divider.

Abstract: A plurality of modules, each adapted to generate repetitive RF pulses are connected to a common coarse DC power supply. Each of the modules, which include a pulsed load, has a switching transistor connected in series with the load, and a precise voltage connected to its base to regulate the voltage during each of the individual pulses. A capacitor may be connected in each of the modules for improving the rise time of the individual pulses.

Abstract: A switching circuit controlled by the approach of a body into close proximity to its probe and operative to control the flow of power from an AC source to a load using a silicon control switching device enabled by an oscillator generating narrow gate pulses whenever the oscillator is in turn enabled by a flip-flop, which disables the oscillator in its first stable state and which enables the oscillator in its second stable state. Ambient electrical signals picked up by the probe are shaped into suitable form for triggering the flip-flop from one to the other of said stable states, and the shaping circuitry and the flip-flop comprise CMOS integrated circuits which are used for the purpose of achieving very low current drain and high sensitivity to an increase in ambient signals picked up at the probe, means being provided to adjust threshold sensitivities of the shaping circuit.