Abstract: Disclosed is a system for assisting in guiding and performing a procedure on a subject. The subject may be any appropriate subject such as inanimate object and/or an animate object. The guide and system may include various manipulable or movable members and may be registered to selected coordinate systems.

Abstract: A method for use in a sensor, comprising: generating a signal that is indicative of an angular position of a rotating target, the signal being generated by at least one magnetic field sensing element; adjusting the signal to produce an adjusted signal, the signal being adjusted based on a current value of a first adjustment coefficient; generating an output signal based on the adjusted signal; and updating the first adjustment coefficient, the updating including replacing the current value of the first adjustment coefficient with a new value of the first adjustment coefficient, the updating being performed by minimizing a function that is based on the current value of the first adjustment coefficient.

Abstract: An angle sensor generates an angle detection value based on a first and a second detection signal. A correction apparatus performs correction processing for generating a first corrected detection signal by adding a first correction value to the first detection signal and generating a second corrected detection signal by adding a second correction value to the second detection signal. When an angle to be detected varies with a period T and if no correction processing is performed, the angle detection value contains an Nth-order angle error component varying with a period of T/N. Each of the first and second detection signals contains an (N+1)th-order signal error component. The order of the first and second correction values is N?1.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor device includes a switching region defined by a switching range and a variation range, the switching range being set in a stroke direction of a magnet generating a radial magnetic field and defined by a start position and an end position for switching of the state, and the variation range being set in a direction intersecting the stroke direction and being a range of variation in the position of the magnet, and a magnetic sensor including plural first divided elements that are formed by dividing a first circular magneto-resistive element and are consecutively rotated and rearranged around the switching region such that change in a magnetoresistance value due to the magnetic field of the magnet in the switching region increases from the start position to the end position.

Abstract: A method for steering torque sensor stray magnetic field cancellation includes receiving, from at least one magnetic sensor disposed within a torque sensing region, a detected magnetic field corresponding to an angular displacement between an upper steering shaft and a lower steering shaft of an electronic power steering system. The method also includes generating a first torque signal based on the detected magnetic field and receiving, from at least one stray region sensor disposed outside of the torque sensing region, a detected stray magnetic field. The method also includes determining a torque signal error based on the detected stray magnetic field and generating a second torque signal based on the first torque signal and the torque signal error. The method also includes selectively controlling at least a portion of the electronic power steering system using the second torque signal.

Abstract: An example device includes a first gradiometer that includes a first set of sensing elements aligned along a first axis, a second gradiometer that includes a second set of sensing elements aligned along a second axis, and a controller. The first set of sensing elements and the second set of sensing elements may be configured to sense a set of magnetic field components that are perpendicular to the rotational axis, wherein the first axis is in a first plane and the second axis is in a second plane, and the first plane and the second plane may be perpendicular to a rotational axis of a rotatable object. The controller may obtain, via the first gradiometer and the second gradiometer, the set of components of the magnetic field. The controller may then determine, based on obtaining the set of components of the magnetic field, the angular position of the rotatable object.

Abstract: A surgical system includes a surgical tool, a tracking system configured to obtain tracking data indicative of positions of the surgical tool relative to an anatomical feature, an acoustic device, and a computer system programmed to control the acoustic device to provide acoustic feedback to a user based on the tracking data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for compensating a magnetic locator in the presence of a magnetic-field-disturbing material, comprising: an emitter (10) comprising at least one coil emitting an emission magnetic field; a receiver (20) comprising at least one receiving coil and a device providing a plurality of measurements Ipi of a receiving magnetic field induced by the emission field in each receiving coil; and a processing unit (25) comprising a field model allowing the calculation of a position (P) and/or an orientation (Q) of the receiver by means of calculation of a prediction Hi of the measurements according to a criterion (C) calculated according to an error Ei which is itself calculated in relation to the measurements Ipi.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a radial magnetoresistance element including plural magnetic sensing parts arranged radially from one point, an annular or polygonal magnetoresistance element arranged so as to surround the radial magnetoresistance elements, and at least one half-bridge circuit including the radial magnetoresistance element and the annular or polygonal magnetoresistance element. The radial magnetoresistance element may include a first magnetoresistance element including plural first magnetic sensing parts and a second magnetoresistance element including plural second magnetic sensing parts. The annular or polygonal magnetoresistance element may include an annular or polygonal third magnetoresistance element surrounding the first and second magnetoresistance elements and an annular or polygonal fourth magnetoresistance element surrounding the third magnetoresistance element. Two half-bridge circuits including the first to fourth magnetoresistance elements may be installed in the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A system is configured to model a magnetic field by measuring a first value for characteristics of a magnetic field at a first position in the magnetic field. The system measures a second value characteristics of the magnetic field at a second position in the magnetic field. The system determines a distance between the first position and the second position. The system estimates a distortion component of the magnetic field at approximately the second position in the magnetic field based on each of the distance, the first value for each of the one or more characteristics, and the second value for each of the one or more characteristics. The system outputs a model of at least a region of the magnetic field.

Abstract: Sensor arrangements are disclosed. A magnetic sensor is mounted to a printed circuit board. A pole element is arranged next to the magnetic sensor. The pole element acts as a magnetic field concentrator for the magnetic sensor. A movable magnet may be positioned in proximity to the magnetic sensor and the pole element. The movable magnet may be held in a magnet holding element. The magnet holding element may be attached to a rotatable element, such as a shaft.

Abstract: A device for magnetizing a tissue-penetrating medical device is disclosed including a housing having a proximal portion and a distal portion; a magnetic field generator contained within the distal portion of the housing and a tissue penetrating subassembly including a hub and a tissue penetrating medical device having a proximal end and a distal end. The hub is detachably connected to the distal portion of the housing and the proximal end of tissue penetrating medical device extends proximally from the hub such that the proximal end of the tissue penetrating medical device is exposed to the magnetic field to magnetize the distal end of the tissue penetrating medical device. Methods of magnetizing tissue-penetrating medical devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic field generator generates a detection-target magnetic field related to an angle to be detected. An angle sensor includes a first and a second magnetic sensor and a processor. The first magnetic sensor detects, at a first detection position, a first applied magnetic field including the detection-target magnetic field, and generates first detection information having a correspondence with the angle to be detected. The second magnetic sensor detects, at a second detection position, a second applied magnetic field including the detection-target magnetic field, and generates second detection information having a correspondence with the angle to be detected. The processor generates an angle detection value by performing arithmetic processing using the first and second detection information. The ratio of a strength of the detection-target magnetic field at the second detection position to a strength of the detection-target magnetic field at the first detection position is 1.65 or more.

Abstract: A position sensing arrangement for sensing the position of a revolute joint of an articulated structure. The position sensing arrangement comprises a disc and a magnetic sensor assembly. The disc comprises a first magnetic ring with m magnetic pole pairs, and a second magnetic ring with n magnetic pole pairs, where m and n are co-prime, and a mounting arrangement by which the disc is mountable to a magnetisation jig during manufacture and the articulated structure during operation, the mounting arrangement permitting the disc to be mounted to the magnetisation jig and articulated structure in a single orientation only. The magnetic sensor assembly comprises a first magnetic sensor array for detecting the magnetic pole pairs of the first magnetic ring, and a second magnetic sensor array for detecting the magnetic pole pairs of the second magnetic ring.

Abstract: A motor according to a disclosed embodiment includes: a plurality of magnetic sensors that output sine wave signals having a certain phase difference in order in accordance with rotation of a rotor; a signal amplifier that amplifies a difference between an output signal of each of the plurality of magnetic sensors and an average signal that is an average of the output signals of the plurality of magnetic sensors; and a pulse signal generation unit that converts an output signal of the signal amplifier into a pulse signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprising: a transmitting coil; a first receiving coil having a first receiving coil portion and a second receiving coil portion, the first receiving coil portion and the second receiving coil portion being coupled to one another, and the first receiving coil portion and the second receiving coil portion each including N lobes, where N is an integer and N?1; a second receiving coil having a third receiving coil portion and a fourth receiving coil portion, the third receiving coil portion and the fourth receiving coil portion being coupled to one another, and the third receiving coil portion and the fourth receiving coil portion each including N lobes; wherein the first receiving coil is disposed over the second receiving coil.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor has a plurality of magnetic field sensing elements and operates as a motion detector for sensing a rotation or other movement of a target object.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement system for measurement of weak magnetic field signals or a wearable assembly includes at least one magnetometer and a shield disposed around the magnetometer. The shield includes a first portion configured for positioning between the at least one magnetometer and a source of the weak magnetic field signals. The first portion is made of an amplitude-selective magnetic shield (ASMS) that preferentially passes magnetic fields having a magnetic field amplitude below a threshold (for example, 500 nT or less) and shields magnetic fields having a larger magnetic field amplitude.

Abstract: A position detecting device for detecting a position of a magnet configured to move over a first target point and a second target point in steps includes a first hall device configured to generate a first hall voltage, a second hall device configured to generate a second hall voltage, a subtractor configured to generate a subtraction voltage based on a difference between the first hall voltage and the second hall voltage, an adder configured to generate an addition voltage based on a combination of the first hall voltage and the second hall voltage, a divider configured to calculate a ratio of the subtraction voltage to the addition voltage, and a subtraction voltage changing unit configured to maintain the subtraction voltage at the first target point and the second target point and in a transition section between the first target point and the second target point to be constant.

Abstract: A sensing element is provided including a magnetic sensor that detects a first magnetic field component, at least one AC-magnetic field generator that applies at least one additional magnetic field component at a given frequency to the magnetic sensor, where the first magnetic field component and the at least one additional magnetic field component are orthogonal to each other, and at least one demodulator using the given frequency to determine a sensitivity of the sensing element respective to the at least one additional magnetic field component. Also, several methods of operating such sensing element are provided.

Abstract: A monitor circuit for monitoring a level of a first and second regulated source may monitor a voltage level of regulated voltages or a current level of regulated currents. In an embodiment, the monitor circuit includes circuitry responsive to a first regulated current and to a second regulated current. A first circuit responsive to the first regulated current and to the second regulated current generates a first error signal indicative of at least one of an overcurrent condition of the first regulated current and an undercurrent condition of the second regulated current. A second circuit responsive to the first regulated current and to the second regulated current generates a second error signal indicative of at least one of an undercurrent condition of the first regulated current and an overcurrent condition of the second regulated current. A method for monitoring the levels of first and second regulated sources is also provided.

Abstract: A sensing element is provided including a magnetic sensor that detects a first magnetic field component, at least one AC-magnetic field generator that applies at least one additional magnetic field component at a given frequency to the magnetic sensor, where the first magnetic field component and the at least one additional magnetic field component are orthogonal to each other, and at least one demodulator using the given frequency to determine a sensitivity of the sensing element respective to the at least one additional magnetic field component. Also, several methods of operating such sensing element are provided.

Abstract: A method for determining a sensor coil inductance of an eddy current sensor using an LC oscillator circuit includes determining the sensor coil inductance via integration, as a function of an oscillation frequency and a resonance capacitance of the LC oscillator circuit. The method further includes detuning, at least once, the oscillation frequency during the integration.

Abstract: A Usage, Condition and Location System (UCLS) tag is provided, which is an active RFID tag that, in addition to location, is configured to determine the usage state and operating condition of a device. The UCLS tag includes sensors that measure physical activity of the associated equipment (vibration, magnetic activity, temperature, etc.). Algorithms may use the information obtained from the UCLS tags to map the measured sensor data to a contextual usage state and operating condition of the device.

Abstract: In a device for sensing the position of a shift fork in a transmission, the shift fork is connected to a piston rod of a shifting piston which is guided axially in a shifting cylinder. The shift fork engages an axially slidable sliding sleeve, which slides on a transmission shaft, to engage or disengage a transmission stage. A magnet functioning as a signal generator is arranged on an actuating element, such as the switching piston, piston rod or shift fork. A 3D Hall sensor positionally fixed relative to the magnet functions as a signal receiver, sensing a magnetic field generated by the magnet. An electronic control unit connected to the 3D hall sensor determines the position of the shift fork from the relative positions of the magnet and 3D Hall sensor and transmits the position as a signal, taking into account linear, rotational, and/or pivoting movements of the actuating element.

Abstract: One example discloses a wireless device, including: a first near-field device, including a near-field transmitter or receiver and a controller, configured to be coupled to a near-field antenna having a first conductive surface and a set of feed-points; wherein the controller is configured to receive a transmitter output voltage from the set of feed-points; wherein the controller is configured to generate a correction signal based on a difference between the transmitter output voltage and a target transmitter output voltage; wherein the correction signal varies in response to a change in a distance between the first surface and a second conductive surface; and wherein the controller is configured to calculate the distance, between the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface, based on the correction signal.

Abstract: A magnetic angle sensor device and a method for operating such device is provided. The magnetic angle sensor device includes a shaft rotatable around a rotation axis; a magnetic arrangement coupled to the shaft, where the magnetic arrangement produces a differential magnetic field comprising a plurality of diametric magnetic fields; a first magnetic angle sensor provided in the differential magnetic field and configured to generate a first signal that represents a first angle based on a first diametric magnetic field of the differential magnetic field; a second magnetic angle sensor provided in the differential magnetic field and configured to generate a second signal that represents a second angle based on a second diametric magnetic field of the differential magnetic field; and a combining circuit configured to determine a combined rotation angle based on the first signal and on the second signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and a system for detecting an absolute electrical angle, and a computer readable storage medium. The method includes: obtaining an angle sine signal corresponding to a magnetic component in a first direction and an angle cosine signal corresponding to a magnetic component in a second direction; calculating a scaling compensation sine signal and a scaling compensation cosine signal according to the angle sine signal, the angle cosine signal, and a scaling compensation formula; determining an angle interval corresponding to the scaling compensation sine signal and the scaling compensation cosine signal, and calculating a relative electrical angle according to a preset trigonometric function corresponding to the angle interval; obtaining a Hall signal detected by the Hall sensor, and determining a polarity position according to the Hall signal; and calculating the absolute electrical angle according to the relative electrical angle and the polarity position.

Abstract: A method of assembling a position sensing arrangement for sensing the position of a revolute joint of an articulated structure. The position sensing arrangement comprises a magnetic sensor assembly and a disc having a first magnetic ring with j magnetic pole pairs and a second magnetic ring with k magnetic pole pairs. A boundary of the disc is constrained by the articulated structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for implementing a reversible connector for receiving coil-based sensor signals in an electromagnetic or hybrid tracking system. The apparatus is designed to reduce the number of connector pins assigned to the coil-based sensor signals while maintaining signal quality.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for accessing and treating regions of the body are disclosed herein. Using an endoscopic device having an automatically controllable proximal portion and a selectively steerable distal portion, the device generally may be advanced into the body through an opening. The distal portion is selectively steered to assume a selected curve along a desired path within the body which avoids contact with tissue while the proximal portion is automatically controlled to assume the selected curve of the distal portion. The endoscopic device can then be used for accessing various regions of the body which are typically difficult to access and treat through conventional surgical techniques because the device is unconstrained by “straight-line” requirements. Various applications can include accessing regions of the brain, thoracic cavity, including regions within the heart, peritoneal cavity, etc., which are difficult to reach using conventional surgical procedures.

Abstract: A magnetic field detection device of an embodiment of the disclosure includes: a first magnetic field detection element having a first resistance value increasing upon application of a first magnetic field in a first direction and decreasing upon application of a second magnetic field in a second direction; and a second magnetic field detection element having a second resistance value decreasing upon application of the first magnetic field and increasing upon application of the second magnetic field. The first and second magnetic field detection elements each include first and second magneto-resistive effect films coupled in series. The first magneto-resistive effect film has a first major-axis direction inclined at a first inclination angle relative to the first direction. The second magneto-resistive effect film has a second major-axis direction inclined at a second inclination angle relative to the first direction. The magnetic field detection device satisfies conditional expressions (1) and (2).

Abstract: A method of operating a position encoder apparatus, including a scale having features defining position information and a readhead for reading the scale. The method includes: calculating extrapolated position information from at least one previous reading of the scale; comparing an extrapolated position with a position calculated from a reading of the scale to determine any discrepancy between them; using the extrapolated position information whether or not there is a discrepancy; and maintaining a record of any discrepancies.

Abstract: System for measuring motor bearings consumption of railway vehicles, comprising: a phonic wheel, arranged to be fixed to a shaft of a rotor, having a profile including an alternation of teeth and holes; a sensor, arranged to measure a punctual air-gap between the teeth of the phonic wheel and said sensor during rotation of the shaft, said sensor generating a basic sinusoidal signal function of said profile, wherein the basic sinusoidal signal is superimposed to a modulating wave, representative of a radial motion of the shaft, the basic signal and the modulating wave forming a complete signal; characterized in that the sensor further comprises: a control unit arranged to measure a maximum and a minimum amplitude value of the complete signal, said maximum and minimum amplitude values representing the maximum and minimum air-gap between the phonic wheel and the sensor, and for calculating an air-gap swing value; memory means arranged to store said air-gap swing value; wherein said sensor is arranged to send to

Abstract: A method of correcting a position reading from a position sensing arrangement. The position sensing arrangement is suitable for sensing the position of a revolute joint of an articulated structure, and comprises a disc having a magnetic ring with magnetic pole pairs and a magnetic sensor assembly comprising a magnetic sensor array for detecting the magnetic pole pairs of the magnetic ring.

Abstract: A device for the determination of at least one compression parameter during administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a patient comprising: a field generator, a field detector, and a processor. Position information and the compression parameter are determined from the field detected by the field detector. One of the field generator and the field detector is a position sensor and the other is a reference sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic sensor arrangement comprising a first rotatable body having a first magnetic quadrupole attached thereto, a first magnetic sensor configured to generate, in response to a rotational angular position of the first magnetic quadrupole, a first sensor signal indicative of a first rotational angle of the first rotatable body, a second rotatable body having a second magnetic quadrupole attached thereto, and a second magnetic sensor configured to generate, in response to a rotational angular position of the second magnetic quadrupole, a second sensor signal indicative of a second rotational angle of the second rotatable body.

Abstract: An air cylinder includes a tubular cylinder and a piston which is moved by pressure of a fluid supplied to a chamber provided inside the cylinder. A monitoring device includes a heat flux sensor and a detection part. The heat flux sensor is provided to the cylinder and detects heat flux that flows between inside and outside of the cylinder due to compression or expansion of the fluid in the chamber caused in accordance with the movement of the piston. The detection part detects the moving state of the piston based on the output signal of the heat flux sensor.

Abstract: A magnetic angle sensor device and a method for operating such device is provided. The magnetic angle sensor device includes a shaft rotatable around a rotation axis; a magnetic field source coupled to the shaft; a first magnetic angle sensor configured to generate a first signal that represents a first angle based on a first diametric magnetic field from the magnetic field source applied to the first magnetic angle sensor; a second magnetic angle sensor configured to generate a second signal that represents a second angle based on a second diametric magnetic field from the magnetic field source applied to the second magnetic angle sensor; and a combining circuit configured to determine a combined rotation angle based on the first signal and on the second signal.

Abstract: A turbo rotation sensor, which is configured to be mounted on a turbocharger provided with a compressor including a rotary driven compressor wheel housed in a compressor housing, to detect rotation speed of the compressor wheel, is composed of a magnet rotatable integrally with the compressor wheel and having a plurality of magnetic poles in a circumferential direction of the compressor wheel, and a sensor section attached to the compressor housing and including first and second magnetic detection elements capable of detecting a magnetic field in a radial direction of the compressor wheel due to the magnet. The first and second magnetic detection elements are arranged side by side in the radial direction of the compressor wheel. The rotation speed of the compressor wheel can be measured based on a difference between detection results of the first and second magnetic detection elements resulting from a difference between their respective distances from the magnet.

Abstract: An angular position sensor includes a stator element with at least three coils, a rotor element rotatably mounted with respect to the stator element, and an evaluation unit configured to determine an angle of rotation between the rotor element and stator element. The rotor element is configured to inductively couple with each of the at least three coils with varying strengths based on the angle of rotation. The evaluation unit is further configured to supply the coils with alternating voltage in a cyclical manner and in sequence, so that a first respective part of the coils is supplied with alternating voltage and a remaining part is de-energized. The evaluation unit is additionally configured, in a cyclical manner in sequence with one or more de-energized coils, to detect at least one of a respective phase and an amount of an induced alternating voltage, and to determine the angle of rotation therefrom.

Abstract: A high resolution encoder device using a number of static sensors distributed on a circumference, and a rotating disc, having several sections of two different properties on an annular track according to a predefined pattern, placed so that the sensors can sense the properties of the sections of track in proximity. An auxiliary unit is also provided and by itself or in combination with the sensor signal values, provides a first low resolution position value. In a first processing step, the signals of each sensor are compared to a threshold, and bit values zero or one for each sensor are set according to the comparison result. All bits are then set in a digital word, in order to create a code number, which in combination with the output of the auxiliary unit, is characteristic of a first low resolution position value. For each low resolution position value, a mathematical combination of signals values is defined.

Abstract: Included are: a sensor magnet which rotates integrally with a rotating shaft centering on the rotating shaft, and generates a magnetic field for angle detection which is for detecting the angle of rotation; a first sensor and a second sensor each of which is arranged opposite to the sensor magnet at a position separated in angle by 90 degrees on the circumference centered on the rotating shaft, and outputs a signal corresponding to the magnetic field for angle detection; and an angle calculator that calculates a rotation angle by using the signals from the first sensor and the second sensor.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensing system may include a first magnetic field sensing element; a second magnetic field sensing element; means for generating a first magnetic field having a first non-zero frequency; means for generating a second magnetic field having a second frequency; a conductive target positioned to generate a reflected magnetic field in response to the first magnetic field; means for producing a first signal representing the first magnetic field and the reflected magnetic field during a first alternating time period; means for producing a second signal representing the second magnetic field during a second alternating time period; means for calculating an error value as a function of the first and second signals, wherein the error value is based, at least in part, on the second signal during the first time period; and means for applying the error value to the first signal during the first alternating time period.

Abstract: A system includes an amplification circuit and offset calibration circuit. The amplification circuit includes a modulation circuit operable to modulate a received signal, an amplifier operable to amplify the modulated signal, and a modulation circuit operable to demodulate the amplified signal. The offset calibration circuit includes a logic circuit operable to set a control signal and adjust the control signal based on an output of the amplification circuit, where the output is based on the demodulated signal, and a compensation signal generator operable to generate a compensation signal based on the control signal to compensate for an offset associated with the amplification circuit, and apply the compensation signal on the amplification circuit to adjust the output of the amplification circuit. The offset calibration circuit in conjunction with the application circuit reduces flicker, offset, and offset drift, and also suppresses the upmodulate ripple due to chopping.

Abstract: A magnetic field detection device includes an IC package, a terminal, a resin mold member. The IC package includes a magnetism detection element, a lead frame located on a first side of the magnetism detection element, and a resin member covering the magnetism detection element and the lead frame. The resin mold member includes a base portion and a head portion. The head portion includes a thickest portion. An outer wall surface of the thickest portion located on a second side of the magnetism detection element is a detection reference surface. An element corresponding surface that is an outer wall surface of the IC package located on the second side is exposed to an outside of resin mold member or covered with a detection side thin portion thinner than a thickness from the element corresponding surface to the detection side reference surface.

Abstract: An inductive position sensor including at least two secondary windings consisting of a plurality of turns that are formed on two opposite faces of a printed circuit board and divided into first and second sectors. The first and second sectors are divided, in one turn width, into a first portion on one face of the printed circuit board and a second portion on an opposite face. The second portion of the first sector is extended by a first portion of the second sector and the first portion of the first sector is connected to the second portion of the second sector of a neighboring turn. The portions are connected pairwise by a respective via passing through the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An actuator including a detection target disposed on a surface of a lens barrel, and a position detecting unit including two or more sensing coils and configured to detect a displacement of the detection target in a first direction perpendicular to an optical axis, wherein when the detection target moves in a second direction perpendicular to the optical axis, an area of overlap between each of the two or more sensing coils and the detection target is maintained constant.

Abstract: In an electronic control unit, a current circuit part is provided on a substrate and includes a switching element. During the control of a control target, a current having a relatively large value of a predetermined value or more flows in the current circuit part. A control circuit part is provided on the substrate and includes a control part that controls actuation of the switching element on the basis of a control signal to control the control target. A current input part is provided on the substrate so as to be located opposite to the control circuit with respect to the current circuit portion. To the current input portion, the current to be supplied to the control target via the current circuit portion is input.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for generating smoothed images of an elongate medical device including a plurality of position sensors. The system includes a model construction system configured to be coupled to the medical device and acquire data points corresponding to positions of the position sensors. The computer-based model construction system is further configured to establish a coordinate system, calculate a coordinate for each position sensor, estimate a set of true parameters describing the medical device including a curvature term and a torsion term, calculate a measurement error for each position sensor based on a stiffness parameter, compute smoothed data points for the position sensors based on (i) a function of the estimated set of true parameters and the coordinates of the position sensors, and (ii) a weighting of the measurement error, generate an image of the medical device using the smoothed data points, and display the image.