Abstract: A magnetic field measurement system that includes at least one magnetometer; at least one magnetic field generator; a processor coupled to the at least one magnetometer and the at least one magnetic field generator and configured to: measure an ambient background magnetic field using at least one of the at least one magnetometer in a first mode selected from a scalar mode or a vector mode; generate, in response to the measurement of the ambient background magnetic field, a compensation field using the at least one magnetic field generator; and measure a target magnetic field using at least one of the at least one magnetometer in a spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) mode which is different from the first mode.

Abstract: Provided is an electro-optic probe for detecting an electromagnetic wave, including: an electro-optic crystal; and an optical fiber optically coupled to the electro-optic crystal, wherein a direction of a unique axis of the electro-optic crystal and a polarization direction of light from the optical fiber that enters the electro-optic crystal are set to be in line with each other, or wherein a direction of a unique axis of the electro-optic crystal and a unique polarization direction of the optical fiber are set to be in line with each other.

Abstract: An optical fiber-mounted field sensor for measuring an electric or magnetic field includes an optical fiber configured to receive light from a laser source, a polarizer, a polarization manipulator, electro-optical material or magneto-optical material adjacent to the polarization manipulator, and a high reflection coating. The polarizer is adjacent to an output of the fiber, while the polarization manipulator is adjacent to the polarizer and opposite of the optical fiber. The electro-optical material or magneto-optical material is adjacent to the polarization manipulator, and the high reflection coating is adjacent to the electro-optical material or magneto-optical material. An optical mainframe for sending and receiving optical beams to and from the optical fiber-mounted field sensor is also described.

Abstract: A gradiometer system including one or more magnetic sensor(s) is disclosed. The gradiometer includes an actuation module connectable to the magnetic sensor(s) to vary one or more sensing positions at which a magnetic field is sensed thereby. The one or more sensing positions are varied according to a certain displacement function indicating a predetermined displacement between the sensing positions as a function of time.

Abstract: In a magnetic field measurement apparatus, a light source irradiates a gas cell with linearly polarized light serving as pump light and probe light in a Z axis direction, and a magnetic field generator applies, to the gas cell, a magnetic field Ax which is a time function f(t) having the amplitude A0 taking n fixed values fi (where i=1, . . . , and n), and a magnetic field Ay which is a time function g(t) having the amplitude A0 taking m fixed values gj (where j=1, . . . , and m) in each of X axis and Y axis directions. A calculation controller calculates a magnetic field C (Cx, Cy, Cz) of a measurement region using the X axis and Y axis components Ax and Ay of an artificial magnetic field A, and a spin polarization degree Mx corresponding to a measurement value W? from a magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A method for detecting rotation of a carrier utilizes a device embedded in said carrier that comprises an enclosure containing a gaseous mixture of an alkali metal and a noble gas. The method includes a step of starting up (DEM-MEOP) the device during which the noble gas is polarised by utilizing metastability exchange optical pumping. The start-up step is followed by a step of acquisition (MES-SEOP) by the device of a signal representative of said rotation during which the noble gas is maintained polarised by utilizing spin exchange optical pumping. The invention extends to the device and to an inertial navigation unit integrating said device and to an inertial navigation method implementing the method for detecting rotation of the carrier.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a light emitting element, an atomic cell, and a light receiving element that receives the light passing through the atomic cell. The atomic cell has a first chamber containing alkali metal atoms in a gas state and having a first wall through which the light from the light emitting element passes, a second chamber containing alkali metal atoms in a liquid state and having a second wall, a passage connecting the first chamber and the second chamber to each other, and a part which is disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber and has a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of a material forming the first wall and the thermal conductivity of a material forming the second wall.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement system that includes at least one magnetometer; at least one magnetic field generator; a processor coupled to the at least one magnetometer and the at least one magnetic field generator and configured to: measure an ambient background magnetic field using at least one of the at least one magnetometer in a first mode selected from a scalar mode or a vector mode; generate, in response to the measurement of the ambient background magnetic field, a compensation field using the at least one magnetic field generator; and measure a target magnetic field using at least one of the at least one magnetometer in a spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) mode which is different from the first mode.

Abstract: Systems for screening and health monitoring of materials are provided. The system can include a material embedded with magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs), a laser configured to direct incident laser light waves at a target area of the material, an optical filter disposed between the laser and the material, and an analyzer configured to detect the laser light reflected from the material.

Abstract: A device for analyzing substances in a sample on the basis of a measurement of nuclear magnetic resonances including a magnetic field device configured to generate a magnetic field. The device is configured such that, in order to detect magnetic resonances induced in the sample by the generation of the magnetic field, provision is made of at least one magnetic field sensor which comprises at least one sensitive component with diamond structures. The diamond structures have nitrogen vacancy centers.

Abstract: A magneto-encephalography device including a plurality of laser threshold magnetometers for measuring a magnetic field is provided. Each laser threshold magnetometer includes an optical cavity, a laser medium which together with the optical cavity has a laser threshold; a laser pump; and a radio-frequency (RF) drive applied to the laser medium at or around a particular resonance frequency which varies depending on the magnetic field, such that depending on the value of the physical parameter, the RF drive induces transitions between at least two states of the laser medium, each state causing a different laser threshold in an intensity of a laser output, wherein the intensity of the laser output provides a measurement of the magnitude of the magnetic field; wherein the laser threshold magnetometers are configured to be placed on a head of a subject to be monitored.

Abstract: A hexagonal ferrite material includes a Y phase hexagonal ferrite material having the composition Sr2Co2Fe12O22 or Sr2-xNaxCo2-xScxFe12O22, 0<x<2, doped with a trivalent element, a tetravalent element, and/or a transition metal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is provided.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a gas cell includes disposing a holding member including a coating material in a reservoir of a cell having a main chamber, the reservoir communicating with the main chamber, and an opening provided in the reservoir, sealing the cell, heating the holding member so as to generate a vapor of the coating material in the cell, and cooling the cell so as to form a film of the coating material on an inner wall of the cell.

Abstract: A magnetometer includes a light source that provides excitation light and a magneto-optical defect center material with at least one defect center that transmits emitted light when excited by the excitation light. The magnetometer also includes a light sensor that receives the emitted light and a plurality of magnets that provide a bias magnetic field to the magneto-optical defect center material. The magnetometer further includes a ring magnet holder that has an outer ring with an outside surface and a plurality of holders extending from the ring. The plurality of holders hold the plurality of magnets in a same orientation with respect to one another. The magnetometer further includes a mount that has an inside surface. The outside surface of the outer ring slides along the inside surface of the mount.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection, includes a magneto-optical defect center material comprising a plurality of magneto-optical defect centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source, an optical detector and an optical light source. The RF excitation source is configured to provide RF excitation to the material. The optical detector is configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the material. The optical light source is configured to provide optical light to the material, and includes a readout optical light source and a reset optical light source. The readout optical light source is configured to illuminate light in a first illumination volume of the material. The reset optical light source is configured to illuminate light in a second illumination volume of the material, the second illumination volume being larger than and encompassing the first illumination volume. The reset optical light source provides a higher power light than the readout optical light source.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source that provides RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source that provides optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector that receives an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field applied to the NV diamond material, and a controller. The controller controls the RF excitation source to apply a first RF excitation having a first frequency and a second RF excitation having a second frequency. The first frequency is associated with a first slope point of a fluorescence intensity response of an NV center orientation of a first spin state, and the second frequency is associated with a second slope point of the fluorescence intensity response of the NV center orientation of the first spin state.

Abstract: An optical sensing platform with an array of sensors, a laser or broadband light source and an optical detector that utilizes surface plasmon resonance based transduction and optical detection is provided. The sensor structure of the platform has a low index support layer, a high contrast grating, a low index spacer and a thin metal film with a target recognition element. The surface plasmon resonance based sensor uses surface plasmon waves to detect changes on the surface of the sensor when a target interacts with the target recognition element. The binding of the target with a recognition element receptor will induce changes in the refractive index of the metal layer, which changes the resonance wavelength of the plasmon wave on the sensor surface, which is used to measure or observe the reaction.

Abstract: A diamond crystal according to the present invention has an NV region containing a complex (NV center) of nitrogen substituted with a carbon atom and a vacancy located adjacent to the nitrogen, on a surface or in the vicinity of the surface, wherein the NV region has a donor concentration equal to or higher than the concentration of the NV centers, or a crystal of the NV region is a {111} face or a face having an off-angle that is ±10 degrees or less against the {111} face, and a principal axis of the NV center is a <111> axis that is perpendicular to the {111} face. Such a diamond crystal enables almost 100% of the NV center to be a state (NV?) of having a negative electric charge, and spin states of the NV? centers to be aligned in one direction.

Abstract: A microfabricated magnetic resonator is provided. The microfabricated magnetic resonator has one or more resonator portions, each of which is a magnetoelastic resonating structure having a maximum circumference or maximum linear dimension in at least one direction that is less than 1000 ?m. At least one of the resonator portions comprises an electrodeposited material comprising at least a cobalt constituent and an iron constituent.

Abstract: An optical transmitting apparatus includes a variable optical attenuator of a magneto-optical effect type disposed by spatial coupling between a light source and an optical fiber, the variable optical attenuator configured to attenuate light output from the light source and coupled to the optical fiber, according to an input driving voltage; a generator configured to generate the driving voltage of the variable optical attenuator based on information to be superimposed on the light by the variable optical attenuator, the generator inputting the generated driving voltage into the variable optical attenuator; and a controller configured to control a bias of the driving voltage generated by the generator, the controller controlling an amplitude of the driving voltage generated by the generator, based on data according to characteristics between the driving voltage and an attenuation amount of the light by the variable optical attenuator.

Abstract: A method of inducing spin polarization in an analyte is provided. The method exposes 14N spin defect centers embedded within 25 nm of a diamond surface to a magnetic field while an analyte is near the surface. The 14N spin defect centers are polarized by treatment with an electromagnetic wave protocol having a visible light pulse (p0); a microwave pulse (mw1), a radio frequency pulse (rf1), a microwave pulse (mw2) and a radio frequency pulse (rf2) resulting in polarization of the nuclear spins of the 14N spin defect centers. Polarized spins in the 14N spin defect centers induce spin polarization in the analyte.

Abstract: An optical magnetometer comprising: an optical resonator having a central void; and a magnetostrictive material located in the central void such that a change in dimension of the magnetostrictive material causes a change in mechanical modes of the optical resonator. Also a method of making the optical magnetometer.

Abstract: A signal processing device is provided for acquisition of predetermined information. The signal processing device includes a light source unit configured to radiate beams of coherent light having a plurality of wavelengths; an imaging unit configured to capture a speckle image representing an interference state of reflected light caused by the light radiated from the light source unit to an object; and a processing unit configured to process, for each of the wavelengths, the speckle image captured by the imaging unit. The processing unit acquires the predetermined information by analyzing a variation amount of the speckle image acquired for each of the wavelengths. The light source unit radiates beams of light having different wavelengths to a plurality of respective objects. The present technology can be applied to a sensor.

Abstract: An optical system for optical communications includes: a signal light exit portion, a first coupler optical system that collects the signal light, a first collimator optical system that collimates the signal light into a parallel light, an optical signal-operating portion that reflects the parallel light, a second collimator optical system that collects the parallel light reflected, a second coupler optical system that collects signal light, and a signal light-receiving portion that receives the signal light incident, wherein: the first collimator optical system is defined by a decentered optical system that includes a reflective surface that tilts with respect to an optical axis of incident signal light and is capable of reflection, and the second collimator optical system is defined by a second decentered optical system that includes a reflective surface that tilts with respect to an optical axis of incident signal light and is capable of internal reflection.

Abstract: Methods and configurations are disclosed for providing band-pass magnetic filtering of signals in magnetic communications and anomaly detection using diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV).

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for locally monitoring nerve activity that may be incorporated into a nerve ablation catheter. Such a catheter is equipped with magnetic sensing for both identifying nerves and assessing the success of the ablation. The catheter is also equipped with an ablation instrument for both stimulating and destroying nerve tissue.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes an atomic sensor system. The system includes a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field in a volume. The system also includes a vapor cell arranged within the volume and comprising a polarized alkali metal vapor. The system further includes at least one magnetic field trimming system configured to generate a magnetic field gradient within the vapor cell separate from the magnetic field to provide a substantially uniform collective magnetic field within the vapor cell.

Abstract: Methods for forming magneto-optical films for integrated photonic devices and integrated photonic devices incorporating same are described. An optical isolator or any nonreciprocal photonic component for an integrated photonic device can be fabricated by depositing a functional garnet layer directly onto a non-garnet substrate; depositing a seed garnet layer on the functional garnet layer; and after depositing both the functional garnet layer and the seed layer performing an annealing process. Since the seed garnet layer crystalizes faster than the functional garnet layer, crystallization of the functional garnet layer can be accomplished directly on the non-garnet substrate during a single annealing step for the seed layer and the functional garnet layer.

Abstract: A device includes a diamond with one or more nitrogen vacancies, a light emitting diode configured to emit light that travels through the diamond, and a photo sensor configured to sense the light. The device also includes a processor operatively coupled to the photo sensor. The processor is configured to determine, based on the light sensed by the photo sensor, a magnetic field applied to the diamond.

Abstract: A device includes a diamond assembly. The diamond assembly includes a diamond with a plurality of nitrogen vacancy centers and electrical components that emit electromagnetic waves. The device also includes a light source configured to emit light toward the diamond and a photo detector configured to detect light from the light source that traveled through the diamond. The device further includes an attenuator between the diamond assembly and the photo detector. The attenuator is configured to attenuate the electromagnetic waves emitted from the electrical components of the diamond assembly.

Abstract: Long spin coherence lifetimes are realized for ensembles of electronic spin impurities in solid state spin systems, for example NV color centers in diamond, by using spin-control RF pulse sequences to provide dynamic decoupling of the ensembles of spin impurities from environmental sources of decoherence such as dipolar and hyperfine interactions with proximal spin and other paramagnetic impurities in diamond. In this way, the measurement sensitivity of the coherent evolution of ensembles of solid state spin impurities are increased. Using the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence, the spin coherence lifetimes of NV ensembles can be extended to more than 2 ms in room temperature diamond, and sensitivity of magnetometry that uses NV ensembles can be increased.

Abstract: A method of suppressing polarization-dependent loss in a signal. A constant-intensity, analog, optical signal with modulating polarization is transmitted through an optical communications link. The constant-intensity, analog, optical signal with modulating polarization includes an analog radio frequency signal impressed upon a polarization-modulated, laser signal. A polarization-dependent loss of the communications link is determined, the polarization-dependent loss inducing an induced phase shift in the constant-intensity, analog, optical signal with modulating polarization. The constant-intensity, analog, optical signal with modulating polarization is re-oriented using a polarization transformer so as to suppress the induced phase shift.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to acquire a monitoring output from a first distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser sensor at least partially bonded to a piezoelectric portion of a downhole device, to demodulate the monitoring output to determine a frequency shift in a lasing frequency of the DFB fiber laser sensor, and to correlate the frequency shift to a measure of magnetic field strength to determine a strength of a downhole magnetic field. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A device includes a diamond assembly. The diamond assembly includes a diamond with a plurality of nitrogen vacancy centers and electrical components that emit electromagnetic waves. The device also includes a light source configured to emit light toward the diamond and a photo detector configured to detect light from the light source that traveled through the diamond. The device further includes an attenuator between the diamond assembly and the photo detector. The attenuator is configured to attenuate the electromagnetic waves emitted from the electrical components of the diamond assembly.

Abstract: An implant with magnetic field recognition, such as an implant that recognizes fields generated by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. The implant includes at least one voltage source, at least one control unit, at least one communication coil and an optical structure with a Faraday element. The optical structure includes at least one first and second polarization filters and at least one light detector.

Abstract: A method for performing sub-nanometer three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of a sample under ambient conditions using a diamond having at least one shallowly planted nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. A driving radio-frequency (RF) signal and a microwave signal are applied to provide independent control of the NV spin and the target dark spins. A magnetic-field gradient is applied to the sample with a scanning magnetic tip to provide a narrow spatial volume in which the target dark electronic spins are on resonance with the driving RF field. The sample is controllably scanned by moving the magnetic tip to systematically bring non-resonant target dark spins into resonance with RF signal. The dark spins are measured and mapped by detecting magnetic resonance of said nitrogen-vacancy center at each of said different magnetic tip positions. The dark-spin point-spread-function for imaging the dark spins is directly measured by the NV center.

Abstract: A distributed electromagnetic (EM) wave filter includes: a cavity; upper and lower ground planes on top and bottom surfaces of the cavity, wherein the upper and lower ground planes are in electrical contact; a plurality of electromagnetically coupled resonators in said cavity between the upper and lower ground planes that define respective transmission lines, wherein the plurality of resonators are not connected to each other by a conductive connection; an input port coupled to a first one of the plurality of resonators to receive an EM wave; an output port coupled to a last one of the plurality of resonators to output a filtered EM wave; and a plurality of conductive structures between adjacent resonators, respectively and connected to one or more of the upper and lower ground planes.

Abstract: Absorption based detection of spin states of spin impurities within a solid-state spin system, such as NV centers in diamond, is implemented by measuring the absorption intensity of an optical signal applied to the spin impurities, i.e. change in intensity of the optical signal after the signal has been transmitted through the solid-state spin system. During optical excitation of the spin impurities, microwave pulses are applied to the sample at a frequency tuned to the ESR frequency. The relative populations of the spin states of the impurities, which provides information regarding variables of interest such as an external magnetic field or a quantum information protocol, is determined from the ratio of the absorption intensity of the optical signal when the microwave pulses are turned on, to the absorption intensity of the optical signal when the microwave pulses turned off.

Abstract: Systems and methods for precision optical imaging of electrical currents and temperature in integrated circuits are disclosed herein. In one aspect of the disclosed subject matter, a method for detecting a characteristic of an integrated circuit can include depositing at least one diamond structure, having at least one color center therein, onto a side of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection may include a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source, an optical excitation source, an optical detector, a magnetic field generator, and a controller. The controller may control the excitation sources to apply a first pulse sequence. The controller may receive a first light detection signal due to the first pulse sequence, measure first and second values of the first light detection signal at first and second reference periods, and compute a first measurement. The controller may further control the excitation sources to apply a second pulse sequence, receive a second light detection signal due to the second pulse sequence, measure first and second values of the second light detection signal at first and second reference periods, and compute a second measurement. The first and second measurements may be based on high and low resonance frequencies of the NV diamond material.

Abstract: An atomic cell includes: alkaline metallic atoms, a body portion and window portions forming an inner space in which alkaline metallic atoms are sealed, and a getter material disposed in the inner space. The getter material is an alloy including at least one of titanium, barium, tantalum, zirconium, aluminum, vanadium, indium, and calcium, or an Al—Zr—V—Fe based alloy.

Abstract: A high-resolution sensor of magnetic field sensor system and materials for use in such a system are described. The sensor systems measure a magnetic field using inorganic and/or organic magneto-optically active materials, e.g. polymer material and have an interferometer based on Faraday rotation. The polymer material is preferably in the form of a film. The polymer material has an optical property that is sensitive to the magnetic field, e g the Faraday rotation effect. The present invention also provides a sensor head structure comprising the above polymer material. The sensor head may be designed for use with an optical fiber or with mirrors In particular the present invention provides a fiber Sagnac interferometer to measure the rotation of polarized plane of light. The present invention provides a fiber or mirror based Sagnac interferometer with passive phase bias applied to magnetic field sensing.

Abstract: A crystal film with nitrogen vacancy centers is placed in close proximity to a photon emitter. Excitation illumination is produced to cause the nitrogen vacancy centers to produce photoluminescence. Illumination is produced by the photon emitter, which may be near field or far field and which quenches the photoluminescence intensity using an effect known as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED). The quenching caused by the photon emitter is detected and analyzed to determine characteristics of the photon emitter. The analysis takes into account the characteristic dependence of the STED on the depletion light power, i.e. the photon source, and a spatial distribution of the light intensity. The analysis may be applied to spatially resolved measurements or an integral value of the photoluminescence quenching. The analysis may determine characteristics such as peak power, power scaling factor, and FWHM of the illumination profile of the photon emitter.

Abstract: There is provided a system (100) for magnetic field detection, comprising a fiber optic interrogator (104) adapted to interrogate a first length of optical fiber (102) with interrogating radiation, detect radiation backscattered from said optical fiber and analyze said detected radiation to provide distributed sensing indicative of mechanical disturbances of said optical, wherein the optic fiber is mechanically coupled to a material whose dimensions vary dependent on applied magnetic field. Changes in dimensions of the optic fiber as can be detected by virtue of changes in back-scattering of light from said fiber using the principles of fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing.

Abstract: A fault location system for a distribution network is disclosed. The fault location system includes at least one sensor and a fault location evaluation apparatus. The at least one sensor is located on the distribution network, for sensing current and dividing the distribution network into at least two regions. The fault location evaluation apparatus includes a fault region determination unit for determining which one of the at least two regions is a fault region where a fault occurs therein by calculating the sensed current from the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A solid state system comprising a host material and a quantum spin defect, wherein the quantum spin defect has a T2 at room temperature of about 300 ?s or more and wherein the host material comprises a layer of single crystal CVD diamond having a total nitrogen concentration of about 20 ppb or less, wherein the surface roughness, Rq of the single crystal diamond within an area defined by a circle of radius of about 5 ?m centered on the point on the surface nearest to where the quantum spin defect is formed is about 10 nm or less, methods for preparing solid state systems and the use of single crystal diamond having a total nitrogen concentration of about 20 ppb or less in spintronic applications are described.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement apparatus includes a probe beam irradiating unit that radiates a probe beam. A gas cell is arranged on an optical axis of the probe beam and shows a linear dichroism with respect to the probe beam between a first axis and a second axis. Another gas cell is arranged on the optical axis of the probe beam on the opposite side of the probe beam irradiating unit with respect to the gas cell, and shows a linear dichroism with respect to the probe beam between a third axis and a fourth axis, which are different from the first and the second axes. A measuring unit measures a difference between magnetic fields in the gas cells and on the basis of amounts of change of a plane of polarization of the probe beam that has passed through the gas cell and the gas cell.