Abstract: A system for detecting a target object including: a first and a second detector which have magnetic sensors configured to detect a magnetic field and to generate a signal which indicates a magnetic field intensity; a processing unit configured to receive the signals which indicate an intensity of a magnetic field detected by the sensors; and a communication interface which is configured to transmit the signals generated by the magnetic sensors to the processing unit, the processing unit additionally being configured to determine a corrected value of the signals generated by the magnetic sensors of the first and second detectors and, when the corrected value is greater than a predetermined threshold value, to send instructions for generating an alarm.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to measuring position and displacement of a 2D surface magnet array of at least three adjacent magnetic north and south tracks with an acute angle versus its motion displacement relative to a magnetic field sensor (e.g., magnetic sensing probe). In an illustrative example, the geometry of the 2D surface magnet array may be planar with adjacent and alternating north and south pole regions. In some embodiments, the 2D surface magnet array geometry may take the form of (1) an axial cylindrical helical multipole magnet array having individually magnetized layers that are oriented in helical shape, or (2) a radial disk spiral multipole magnet array with at least three adjacent north and south tracks oriented as a spiral shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a neural network comprising: synaptic chains, each synaptic chain comprising synapses, each synapse being a spintronic resonator, the spintronic resonators being in series, each spintronic resonator having an adjustable resonance frequency, ordered layers of neurons, each neuron being a radiofrequency oscillator oscillating at its own frequency, a lower layer being connected to an upper layer by an interconnection comprising an assembly of synaptic chains connected to rectifying circuits, each resonance frequency of the assembly of synaptic chains corresponding to the frequency of a radiofrequency oscillator of the lower layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic device for compensating for geomagnetic sensing data and a method for controlling the same. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, an electronic device may include a processor configured to store, in a memory, a temperature of each of a plurality of heating areas and a variation in a geomagnetic value sensed by a geomagnetic sensor, perform linear fitting using the temperature and the variation in the geomagnetic value, compute an error between the variation in the geomagnetic value and an estimated value for the variation in the geomagnetic value, based on a result of the linear fitting, determine a scheme for compensating for the geomagnetic value based on the computed error, and compensate for the geomagnetic value sensed by the geomagnetic sensor using the determined scheme when a variation in temperature is detected for at least one heating area in the plurality of heating areas.

Abstract: A current sensor includes an electrical-conduction member, a magnetoelectric converter and a shield. The shield includes a first shield and a second shield arranged such that surfaces are opposed to and spaced away from each other. A part of the electrical-conduction member and the magnetoelectric converter are located between the surface of the first shield and the surface of the second shield. The part of the electrical-conduction member located between the first shield and the second shield extends in an extension direction along the surface of the second shield. The second shield has two sides aligned in a lateral direction perpendicular to the extension direction, and has a plurality of extending parts extending toward the first shield at the sides and being aligned with and separated from each other in the extension direction. The magnetoelectric converter is located between the plurality of extending parts.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a wiring board, a shield, an insulating sensor housing, and a shield adhesive. The wiring board and the shield are accommodated in the sensor housing. The sensor housing has a shield support part to support the shield, and a shield adhesion part. An application surface of the shield adhesion part is further from the shield than a contact surface of the shield support part. The shield is mounted on the contact surface of the shield support part, and the shield adhesive is disposed between the application surface of the shield adhesion part and the shield. The shield and the wiring board are aligned with and spaced from each other in the sensor housing.

Abstract: A magnetic detector comprises a first magnetic sensor configured to measure a first magnetic field component, a second magnetic sensor configured to measure a possible magnetic field component, a processor, and a memory configured to store a program. The program comprises closest proximity detection processing of detecting a timing at which the magnetic body passes a closest proximity position, closest proximity position component acquisition processing of acquiring the first magnetic field component measured at the timing and the possible magnetic field component, predetermined position component acquisition processing of acquiring the first magnetic field component when the magnetic body is at a predetermined position, distance estimation processing of estimating a third direction distance, and magnetic moment amount estimation processing of estimating a magnitude of the magnetic moment.

Abstract: A cooking device includes a catalyst device having a base unit which is made of electrically conductive material and on which a plurality of catalytically active elements or a catalytically active surface coating is arranged. The base unit has electric connection regions which are at least partly made of a pressed material region of the base unit and/or at least partly have an electrically conductive adhesive. An electric energy unit is connected to the electric connection regions of the base unit and supplies the base unit with electric energy for a self-heating of the catalyst device.

Abstract: A sensor device comprising: a lead frame; a first/second semiconductor die having a first/second sensor structure at a first/second sensor location, and a plurality of first/second bond pads electrically connected to the lead frame; the semiconductor dies having a square or rectangular shape with a geometric center; the sensor locations are offset from the geometrical centers; the second die is stacked on top of the first die, and is rotated by a non-zero angle and optionally also offset or shifted with respect to the first die, such that a perpendicular projection of the first and second sensor location coincide.

Abstract: A current sensor of an embodiment includes a U-shaped conductor through which a current flows, a first magnetic field sensor configured to receive a magnetic field generated by the conductor in a first direction, and a second magnetic field sensor configured to receive the magnetic field in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A current sensor arrangement for measuring an AC electrical current, comprising: an electrical conductor having three transverse rectangular cut-outs; a sensor device comprising two sensor elements spaced apart along a first direction for measuring two magnetic field components oriented in said first direction, and configured for determining a magnetic field difference or magnetic field gradient, and for determining the AC current based on said difference or gradient. The sensor device is positioned at a particular location relative to the second cut-out, such that the magnetic field difference or gradient is substantially proportional to the AC current for frequencies from 100 Hz to 2 kHz. A current sensor system. A method of measuring an AC current with improved accuracy.

Abstract: An electronic circuit triage device diagnoses functionality of various electronic circuits of an electronic device. The electronic circuit triage device detects whether an electronic circuit is functioning properly by measuring a magnetic field pattern associated with the electronic circuit and comparing the magnetic field pattern to an expected magnetic field pattern. A magnetic sensor array includes non-packaged magnetic sensors disposed on a substrate. The non-packaged magnetic sensors can include bare dice, in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the magnetic sensors are formed directly on the substrate, such as by printing conductive traces on the substrate. In another embodiment, a magnetic sensor array includes a magnetic field converter configured to launch received magnetic fields along an axis corresponding to a magnetic sensor maximum sensitivity.

Abstract: A current sensor system for measuring an AC electrical current, comprising: a busbar having a thickness and a width; a sensor device comprising two sensor elements spaced apart along a first direction for measuring two magnetic field components oriented in a second direction; the sensor device configured for determining a magnetic field difference, and for determining the AC current based on said difference. The sensor device is positioned relative to the busbar such that a reference point in the middle between the two sensor elements is located at a first distance from a side of the busbar from 70% to 110% or from 70% to 95% of the width of the busbar and is located at a second distance from 0.5 to 4.0 mm from the busbar.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a piezomagnetic component which includes a first piezomagnetic element and a second piezomagnetic element that are arranged opposite to each other, a magnetostrictive component which includes a first magnetostrictive element and a second magnetostrictive element arranged opposite to each other on the same side of the first piezomagnetic element and the second piezomagnetic element, respectively, and a piezoelectric component which includes a first piezoelectric element deposited underneath the first piezomagnetic element, a second piezoelectric element deposited underneath the second piezomagnetic element, a third piezoelectric element deposited underneath the first magnetostrictive element, and a fourth piezoelectric element deposited underneath the second magnetostrictive element.

Abstract: Provided are waveguide sensors and position sensing systems. In some embodiments, a position sensing system may include a waveguide configured to receive and transmit a pulse, and a magnet moveable relative to the waveguide. The waveguide may include a first core layer and a second core layer, a magnetic layer between the first and second core layers, and a conductive winding around the first core layer, the second core layer, and the magnetic layer. The position sensing system may further include a first substrate layer above the conductive winding and a second substrate layer below the conductive winding.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to cascaded sets of two or more individual permanent magnets distributed in a predetermined spatial relationship on a source carrier configured to translate proximate two or more magnetic field sensors distributed in a predetermined spatial relationship on a reference carrier. In an illustrative example, the permanent magnets may be arranged in at least two predetermined orientations. For example, each of the permanent magnets may direct its field in a predetermined orientation to produce a unique output code from a set of the magnetic field sensors. The output code may, for example, uniquely identify a relative position between the source carrier and the reference carrier. The magnetic field sensors may be, for example, anisotropic magneto-resistive elements. Cascaded sets of permanent magnets may cost-effectively increase the dynamic range of the relative position between the source carrier and the reference carrier by adding additional magnetic targets.

Abstract: An angle sensor includes a plurality of magnetic sensors and a processor. The plurality of magnetic sensors generate a plurality of detection values representing directions of a composite magnetic field, which is a composite of a magnetic field to be detected and a noise magnetic field. The processor assumes a group of estimated unknowns. The group of estimated unknowns is a set of estimated values of a first, a second, and a third unknown. The first unknown corresponds to an angle detection value. The second unknown corresponds to the direction of the noise magnetic field. The third unknown corresponds to the strength of the noise magnetic field. The processor executes a process for determining the group of estimated unknowns a plurality of times, and assumes an estimated value of the first unknown in the last determined group of estimated unknowns as the angle detection value.

Abstract: A magneto coupler for magnetic coupling of signal lines. The magneto coupler includes a circuit board including a first and second electrical connecting devices for connecting a first and second signal lines, respectively, and a semiconductor chip situated on the circuit board. The magneto coupler includes at least one transmitter coil situated in the area of the semiconductor chip, designed to generate a magnetic field based on an electrical signal received via the first electrical connecting device, and a magnetic field-sensitive sensor situated on the semiconductor chip and electrically insulated from the transmitter coil using an insulation barrier, for detecting the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil and for outputting an electrical signal as a function of the detected magnetic field on the second electrical connecting device. The transmitter coil is situated on the circuit board, while the semiconductor chip is situated above the transmitter coil.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed, including a magnetic member, a position sensor configured to detect a change in a magnetic force of the magnetic member, a display, and a processor. The processor is configured to: when the magnetic member approaches an external electronic device, detect the change in the magnetic force of the magnetic member through the position sensor, and based on the detected change, display, on the display, a graphic indicating a direction in which the magnetic member is to be moved to align the electronic device with an external device for wireless charging. Another electronic device is disclosed, including an RF coil, a shielding sheet having at least two portions with two divergent magnetic permeabilities, and a processor configured to: control the RF coil to generate the wireless charging signal and transmit the wireless charging signal, wherein a magnetic member included in an external electronic device is changed in magnetic force values when approaching the at least two portions.

Abstract: A sample analyzer according to an embodiment includes a magnetic field applier configured to apply a magnetic field to a cartridge containing a sample and magnetic particles which bond an object to be detected in the sample; a measurer configured to measure the magnetic particles in the cartridge; and an analyzing processor configured to analyze and process a result of a measurement by the measurer. In addition, the magnetic field applier includes an electromagnet disposed on a first side of the cartridge; a magnetic member configured to be magnetized by the electromagnet; and a moving actuator configured to move the magnetic member.

Abstract: A magnetometer system for medical use comprises one or more induction coils for detecting a time varying magnetic field. Each coil has a maximum outer diameter of 10 cm or less, and a configuration such that the ratio of the coil's length to its outer diameter is 0.9 or more, and the ratio of the coil's inner diameter to its outer diameter is 0.6 or more. Each induction coil comprises a magnetic core. The magnetometer system further comprises a detection circuit coupled to each coil and configured to convert a current or voltage generated in the coil by a time varying magnetic field to an output signal for use to analyse the time varying magnetic field.

Abstract: An offset data acquisition method and device of a fluxgate magnetometer are provided by the present disclosure, wherein the offset data acquisition method of the fluxgate magnetometer comprises: controlling the first analog switch, the second analog switch and the third analog switch to change directions within a preset period to obtain eight switch direction combinations between the first analog switch, the second analog switch and the third analog switch; acquiring magnetic field measurement data corresponding to an each of the switch direction combinations; and the magnetic field measurement data comprises x-axis magnetic field measurement data, y-axis magnetic field measurement data and z-axis magnetic field measurement data; and acquiring the offset data based on influence factors of an offset and the magnetic field measurement data within the preset period.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to a probabilistic random number generator. The probabilistic random number generator includes a memory cell comprising a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), and an access transistor coupled to the MTJ of the memory cell. A variable current source is coupled to the access transistor and is configured to provide a plurality of predetermined current pulse shapes, respectively, to the MTJ to generate a bit stream that includes a plurality of probabilistic random bits, respectively, from the MTJ. The predetermined current pulse shapes have different current amplitudes and/or pulse widths corresponding to different switching probabilities for the MTJ.

Abstract: A system is for monitoring arrival of a vehicle at a given location. The system includes a server, and a vehicle sensing device. The vehicle sensing device is configured to sense arrival of the vehicle to the given location, and to cause information about the vehicle to be transmitted to the server in response to sensing arrival of the vehicle to the given location. The server is configured to determine a context of the vehicle based upon the information about the vehicle, and take action based on the context of the vehicle. The system may be installed at parking lots, shipping yards, restaurants, stores, and other locations.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic sensor includes a first magnetic element, a second magnetic element, a third magnetic element located between the first and second magnetic elements in a first direction, a fourth magnetic element located between the third and second magnetic elements in the first direction, a first conductive member, a second conductive member, a third conductive member located between the first and second conductive members in the first direction, a fourth conductive member located between the third and second conductive members in the first direction, a first magnetic member, a second magnetic member, a third magnetic member located between the first and second magnetic members in the first direction, a fourth magnetic member located between the third and second magnetic members in the first direction, and a fifth magnetic member located between the third and fourth magnetic members in the first direction.

Abstract: A sensor structure includes sensing elements, a flux guide, and a flux guide reset mechanism. The flux guide is configured to guide magnetic flux in a plane for detection by the sensing elements. The flux guide reset mechanism is configured to set the flux guide to a predetermined magnetic orientation. The flux guide reset mechanism includes at least a first coil and a second coil. The first coil is configured to generate a first magnetic field. The first coil includes first coil segments. The second coil is configured to generate a second magnetic field. The second coil includes second coil segments. The flux guide is disposed between the first coil and the second coil. The first coil segments and the second coil segments are configured such that a first magnetic field profile of the first magnetic field is coherent with a second magnetic field profile of the second magnetic field with respect to at least at a region of the flux guide that overlaps the sensing elements.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a glass interposer module, an imaging device, and an electronic apparatus capable of reducing occurrence of distortion caused by thermal expansion during manufacture. A light transmissive member is charged between a glass interposer and a CMOS image sensor (CIS). Since rigidity of the glass interposer can be enhanced by this configuration, it is possible to suppress deflection of the CIS and also reduce influence of distortion given to a gyro sensor and the like which are equipped on the glass interposer, and therefore, erroneous detection of a gyro signal can be reduced. The present disclosure can be applied to a glass interposer module.

Abstract: A current sensor includes a wiring board, a shield, an insulating sensor housing, and a shield adhesive. The wiring board and the shield are accommodated in the sensor housing. The sensor housing has a shield support part to support the shield, and a shield adhesion part. An application surface of the shield adhesion part is further from the shield than a contact surface of the shield support part. The shield is mounted on the contact surface of the shield support part, and the shield adhesive is disposed between the application surface of the shield adhesion part and the shield. The shield and the wiring board are aligned with and spaced from each other in the sensor housing.

Abstract: A current sensor includes an electrical-conduction member, a magnetoelectric converter and a shield. The shield includes a first shield and a second shield arranged such that surfaces are opposed to and spaced away from each other. A part of the electrical-conduction member and the magnetoelectric converter are located between the surface of the first shield and the surface of the second shield. The part of the electrical-conduction member located between the first shield and the second shield extends in an extension direction along the surface of the second shield. The second shield has two sides aligned in a lateral direction perpendicular to the extension direction, and has a plurality of extending parts extending toward the first shield at the sides and being aligned with and separated from each other in the extension direction. The magnetocelectric converter is located between the plurality of extending parts.

Abstract: A system is for monitoring arrival of a vehicle at a given location. The system includes a server, and a vehicle sensing device. The vehicle sensing device is configured to sense arrival of the vehicle to the given location, and to transmit information about the vehicle to the server in response to sensing arrival of the vehicle to the given location. The server is configured to determine a context of the vehicle based upon the information about the vehicle, and take action based on the context of the vehicle. The system may be installed at parking lots, shipping yards, restaurants, stores, and other locations.

Abstract: A sensor device comprises a busbar, a dielectric arranged on the busbar, and a sensor chip arranged on the dielectric, wherein the sensor chip is designed to measure a magnetic field induced by an electric current flowing through the busbar, wherein the surface of the dielectric facing toward the busbar is spaced from the busbar in an area along the entire periphery of the dielectric.

Abstract: Provided is a current sensor for reducing heat generation caused by energization. The current sensor is provided, including: primary terminals; a first magnetic sensor; a primary conductor; and a signal processing IC; wherein the primary conductor has a bend section including: a first region that surrounds at least a part of the first magnetic sensor in planar view and at least a part of which does not face the signal processing IC; and a second region that faces the signal processing IC; wherein the height of the first region is lower than that of the primary terminal, the height of the second region is lower than that of the first region, and the first magnetic sensor is connected to the signal processing IC through conductive wires, on the opposite side from the plane.

Abstract: An object is to provide a magnetic sensor module that suppresses a size of a magnetic sensor chip while applying a uniform calibration magnetic field to a magneto-resistive element. Provided is a magnetic sensor module comprising an IC chip having a first coil; and a magnetic sensor chip that is disposed on a surface of the IC chip and includes a first magnetic sensor that detects magnetism in a direction of first axis, wherein a planar shape of the IC chip encompasses a planar shape of the magnetic sensor chip, and the first coil has a planar shape including three or more sides, and is, when seen in a cross section along at least one side of the planar shape, is formed so as to cover a region, in a direction of the one side, of the first magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A medical device is provided comprising a shaft comprising a first segment and a second segment. The first segment is configured to buckle upon application of a first critical force. The second segment includes an outer surface and an inner surface and is configured to buckle upon application of a second critical force. The second critical force is lower than the first critical force. The medical device further comprises a coil disposed radially inwardly of the inner surface of the second segment.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for determining locations of wireless nodes in a network architecture are disclosed herein. In one example, a system for localization of nodes in a wireless network architecture, comprises a wireless node having a wireless device with one or more processing units and RF circuitry for transmitting and receiving communications in the wireless network architecture; and a plurality of wireless sensor nodes having a wireless device with a transmitter and a receiver to enable bi-directional communications with the wireless node in the wireless network architecture. One or more processing units of the wireless node are configured to execute instructions to determine ranging data including a set of possible ranges between the wireless node and the plurality of wireless sensor nodes having unknown locations, and to associate a set of relative locations within an environment of the wireless network architecture with the wireless node and the plurality of wireless sensor nodes.

Abstract: A current sensor that can be downsized without lowering measurement precision has bus bars, magnetic sensors, each of which measures an induced magnetic field generated from one bus bar, a circuit board on which the magnetic sensors are mounted, a case that fixes the bus bars and circuit board, a lid that closes the case, and in-side magnetic shields provided in the lid. The in-side magnetic shield has cutouts along its circumferential edges. Hole are formed in the lid. From each hole, the outer edges of the cutout of the in-side magnetic shield are exposed. Therefore, when the lid is formed, the distance between adjacent in-side magnetic shields can be shortened when the in-side magnetic shield is positioned by pressing portions in a mold.

Abstract: A modulated magnetoresistive sensor consists of a substrate located on a substrate in an XY plane, magnetoresistive sensing elements, a modulator, electrical connectors, an electrical insulating layer, and bonding pads. The sensing direction of the magnetoresistive sensing elements is parallel to the X axis. The magnetoresistive sensing elements are connected in series into a magnetoresistive sensing element string. The modulator is comprised of multiple elongated modulating assemblies. The elongated modulating assemblies consist of three layers—FM1 layer, NM layer, and FM2 layer. The ends of the elongated modulating assemblies are electrically connected to form a serpentine current path. The electrical insulating layer is set between the elongated modulating assemblies and the magnetoresistive sensing elements to separate the elongated modulating assemblies from the magnetoresistive sensing elements.

Abstract: An angle sensor includes a plurality of magnetic sensors and a processor. The plurality of magnetic sensors generate a plurality of detection values representing directions of a composite magnetic field, which is a composite of a magnetic field to be detected and a noise magnetic field. The processor assumes a group of estimated unknowns. The group of estimated unknowns is a set of estimated values of a first, a second, and a third unknown. The first unknown corresponds to an angle detection value. The second unknown corresponds to the direction of the noise magnetic field. The third unknown corresponds to the strength of the noise magnetic field. The processor executes a process for determining the group of estimated unknowns a plurality of times, and assumes an estimated value of the first unknown in the last determined group of estimated unknowns as the angle detection value.

Abstract: A test apparatus includes a tray including at least a first region and a second region, and a cap disposed over the tray. The cap includes a cap body, and at least a first magnet and a second magnet disposed over the cap body. The first magnet is configured to provide a first magnetic field to the first region of the tray, and the second magnet is configured to provide a second magnetic field to the second region of the tray. A strength of the first magnetic field is different from a strength of the second magnetic field.

Abstract: Structures for a Hall sensor and methods of forming a structure for a Hall sensor. The structure includes a semiconductor body having a top surface and a sloped sidewall defining a Hall surface that intersects the top surface. The structure further includes a well in the semiconductor body and multiple contacts in the semiconductor body. The well has a section positioned in part beneath the top surface and in part beneath the Hall surface. Each contact is coupled to the section of the well beneath the top surface of the semiconductor body.

Abstract: A magnetometer is provided which measures an ambient magnetic field having a frequency range of interest. An optical pumping source emits in the direction of a cell filled with an atomic gas a light beam linearly polarised in a polarisation direction. A parametric resonance excitation circuit induces in the cell a radiofrequency magnetic field having two components orthogonal to the polarisation direction and each oscillating at its own oscillation frequency. A parametric resonance detection circuit performs synchronous detection at an inter-harmonic of oscillation frequencies of an electrical signal outputted by a photodetector arranged to receive the light beam having passed through the cell. A zero-field servo-control circuit generates from the synchronous detection a compensation magnetic field opposite to a component of the ambient magnetic field oriented in the polarisation direction.

Abstract: A pulsed magnetic particle imaging system includes a magnetic field generating system that includes at least one magnet, the magnetic field generating system providing a spatially structured magnetic field within an observation region of the magnetic particle imaging system such that the spatially structured magnetic field will have a field-free region (FFR) for an object under observation having a magnetic nanoparticle tracer distribution therein. The pulsed magnetic particle imaging system also includes a pulsed excitation system arranged proximate the observation region, the pulsed excitation system includes an electromagnet and a pulse sequence generator electrically connected to the electromagnet to provide an excitation waveform to the electromagnet, wherein the electromagnet when provided with the excitation waveform generates an excitation magnetic field within the observation region to induce an excitation signal therefrom by at least one of shifting a location or condition of the FFR.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory cell comprising: a storage layer comprised of a ferromagnetic or ferroelectric material in which data is recordable as a direction of magnetic or electric polarisation; a piezomagnetic layer comprised of an antiperovskite piezomagnetic material selectively having a first type of effect on the storage layer and a second type of effect on the storage layer dependent upon the magnetic state and strain in the piezomagnetic layer; and a strain inducing layer for inducing a strain in the piezomagnetic layer thereby to switch from the first type of effect to the second type of effect.

Abstract: Devices and systems as described herein is configured to sense a signal, such as a signal from an individual. In some embodiments, a signal is a magnetic field. In some embodiments, a source of a signal is an individual's organ, such as a heart muscle. A device or system, in some embodiments, comprises one or more sensors, such as an array of sensors configured to sense the signal. A device or system, in some embodiments, comprises a shield or portion thereof to reduce noise and enhance signal collection.

Abstract: An exemplary magnetic field measurement system includes a wearable sensor unit and a controller. The wearable sensor unit includes 1) a magnetometer comprising a photodetector and 2) a magnetic field generator configured to generate a compensation magnetic field configured to actively shield the magnetometer from ambient background magnetic fields. The controller is configured to interface with the magnetometer and the magnetic field generator and includes a differential signal measurement circuit configured to measure current output by the photodetector.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with measuring the amount of electrical energy consumed even when the electric meter has been tampered with. Electric meters may be fraudulently tampered with by connecting a bypass element, such as a conductive wire or cable, across the terminals of the meter in order to bypass the electric meter. This means that only part of the consumed electrical current passes through the electric meter for measurement, resulting in some of the consumed electrical energy not being measured and therefore not being billed for. However, in the present invention a technique has been developed to enable the electric meter to determine the amount of electrical current that bypasses the meter and therefore measure the amount electrical energy consumed even when the electric meter has been tampered with.

Abstract: An exemplary magnetic field measurement system includes a wearable sensor unit that includes a magnetometer, a magnetic field generator configured to generate a compensation magnetic field configured to actively shield the magnetometer from ambient background magnetic fields, a twisted pair cable interface assembly electrically connected to the magnetometer, and a coaxial cable interface assembly electrically connected to the magnetic field generator.

Abstract: An exemplary magnetic field measurement system includes a wearable sensor unit and a single controller. The wearable sensor unit includes a plurality of magnetometers and a magnetic field generator configured to generate a compensation magnetic field configured to actively shield the magnetometers from ambient background magnetic fields. The single controller is configured to interface with the magnetometers and the magnetic field generator.

Abstract: A field generator includes multiple planar coils that are arranged in a single plane. At least two of the coils are non-concentric and are wound around respective axes that are not parallel with one another, so as to generate respective magnetic fields that are not parallel with one another.

Abstract: A method of estimating an attitude of a control device for controlling operating machines, where the control device has a plurality of pushbuttons for controlling the movement of an operating machine along respective directions, the method having the following steps: —preliminary estimating the attitude of the control device using data from an accelerometer and a magnetometer onboard of the control device; —updating of the preliminary estimate of the attitude of the control device using data from a gyroscope onboard of the control device.