Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator and a method capable of precisely adjusting a frequency shift amount are provided irrespective of a fluctuation in characteristics of elements such as a strip-line. A center tap 19 is formed in a strip-line 16 of a resonator. A switching element 20 is connected to the center tap 19, and this switching element 20 is turned ON, so that the center tap is shortcircuited to the ground so as to vary the oscillating frequency. A slit A1 is conducted in the vicinity of the center tap 19 along the strip-line 16 and directed toward a shortcircuited end 17 of the strip-line, so that a frequency shift amount is adjusted. Also, a slit B1 is conducted in the vicinity of the shortcircuited end 17 along the strip-line 16 and directed toward the center tap 19, so that a frequency shift amount is adjusted.

Abstract: A radio frequency oscillator having: a resonant circuit; a gain element coupled in feedback relationship with the resonant circuit; and a variable reactance device, such as a varactor diode, adapted for coupling to a control signal for varying the reactance of the device. The variable reactance device is coupled to the resonant circuit with a coupling factor less than one. The resonant circuit comprises a planar microstrip transmission line structure. The varactor diode is coupled to the microstrip transmission line through a strip conductor disposed adjacent to, and dielectrically spaced from, a strip conductor of the resonant circuit. In one embodiment, the strip conductors are disposed in a side-by-side, dielectrically spaced relationship. In another embodiment, the strip conductors are disposed in a face-to-face, dielectrically spaced relationship.

Abstract: A transformerless power oscillator for driving a high intensity electrodeless light bulb. The driver uses a silicon carbide static induction transistor (SIT) operating as a power oscillator powered by an unregulated power supply potential generated by a full wave rectifier bridge connected to an AC power line. A CW output signal is generated at S-band and is coupled to the excitation coil of an electrodeless lamp by means of a matching network.

Abstract: A laminated electronic component has a structure in which an micro-strip line (MSL) is formed in a first dielectric layer, and a first ground layer and an adjustment pattern layer are formed on the top surface and the base surface of the first dielectric layer, respectively. A second dielectric layer is formed between the adjustment pattern layer and a second ground layer, comb teeth-shaped parallel electrodes having an area larger than that of the MSL is formed at a position opposed to the MSL in the adjustment pattern layer. A slit is formed not to be opposed to the MSL in the second ground layer and to be opposed to the connection points of the parallel electrodes. By emitting a laser beam from the direction of the second ground layer through the slit and the second dielectric layer, and separating the connection points of the parallel electrodes, the capacitance between the MSL and the ground can be adjusted in steps, which increases the resonant frequency of the MSL.

Abstract: A broadcast transmitter for generating low power modulated signals, especially for a wireless speaker system. A signal source such as a source of composite audio signals including left and right audio signals and a pilot signal are applied to a radio frequency signal oscillator. The radio frequency signal oscillator includes a bipolar transistor connected in a common base configuration, and having a stripline element as a frequency determinative component in the collector circuit of the bipolar transistor. The modulating signal is applied to the base of the bipolar transistor which modulates the collector junction capacitance of the transistor thereby frequency modulating the signal produced by the oscillator. Varactor tuning is provided for setting a nominal frequency of oscillation.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes a resonant circuit having a capacitor and an inductor. The inductor has two main terminals, a center tap and two further taps disposed symmetrically relative to the center tap. The inductor is constructed as a U-shaped stripline in which the center tap is disposed at a turning point of the U-shaped stripline, the main terminals are disposed at ends of legs of the U-shaped stripline and the further taps are each located at the same distance from an end of a respective leg.

Abstract: A microstripline resonator in which a desirable resonant frequency can be adjusted with less deterioration in Q and less production process steps is characterized in that a hollowed-out portion is formed in an electrode portion provided on an insulating substrate base. A width-narrowed portion is provided between the side edge of the electrode portion and the hollowed-out portion for adjusting the resonant frequency of the microstripline resonator.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit device includes a varactor diode having a first terminal and a second terminal, a first strip line connected to the first terminal of the varactor diode, a voltage being applied to the varactor diode via the first terminal, a second strip line having a first end connected to the second terminal of the varactor diode, and a second open end. The second strip line has a length so as to obtain an equivalent strip line length taking into capacitances of the varactor diode and the second strip line. The equivalent strip line length determines a characteristic of the high-frequency circuit device.

Abstract: In order to improve the phase noise and the temperature stability of a dielectric resonator oscillator, the cylindrical dielectric resonator which is important for the oscillation frequency is mounted on the substrate standing on its curved surface rather than lying on its end face, as conventionally customary. It is coupled to the RF lines in a higher mode (TM.sub.xxx mode) rather than in the fundamental mode (TE.sub.01.delta. mode).

Abstract: A millimeter or microwave oscillator device for a receiver or a transmitter is described. The oscillator device including a high frequency oscillating circuit including an active device 41; said active device 41 having a first and a second contact 56, 52, a signal line 49 of said oscillator device 41 being connected to said first contact 56 for connection to a load circuit 43; a biasing circuit 47 for said active device; and a low frequency oscillation suppression circuit; wherein said low frequency oscillation suppression circuit includes a decoupling capacitor 45 and one electrode of said decoupling capacitor 45 is connected to said second contact 52. A manufacturing method for the oscillator device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Three embodiments of a tunable ferroelectric transmitting system are included. Each embodiment includes a tunable oscillator and a tunable antenna. Two embodiments include a negative resistance diode, the frequency of oscillation being controlled by a single crystal tunable ferroelectric resonator. The third embodiment uses a transistor. The tunable antenna is made of a single crystal tunable ferroeletric resonator. All conducting depositions are made of films of a high Tc superconducting material.

Abstract: An impedance adjustment capacitor connected in parallel to a choke coil formed by a conductive pattern formed on a substrate adjusts the impedance of a control voltage applying circuit. A control voltage is applied via the choke coil to a variable capacitance diode included in a resonance circuit. This control voltage determines a resonance frequency.

Abstract: An oscillator (100) includes a resonator (218) having a mirco-strip (217). The micro-strip (217) couples an inductive component (221) to a capacitive portion (219). To tune the oscillator (100), a number of cuts are made on the pad (221) in order to restrict the signal flow. The width of these cuts determine the degree of restriction posed on the signal flow. This controllable restriction of the signal flow provides the circuit (100) with enhanced tunability.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments include a microstrip patch antenna (38) which also acts as the resonator for an oscillator powered by IMPATT diodes (34, 36); this forms a monolithic transmitter (30) for microwave and millimeter wave frequencies.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled microwave oscillator having a field effect transistor (1) as an amplifier and having a varactor diode (2) as a frequency-determining element has high output power and a large enough frequency sweep in the microwave frequency range that S-parameter scatters of the active components have optimally little influence on the characteristic data of the oscillator. The varactor diode (2) is preceded by a tunable micro stripline filter (3) and the source electrode of the field effect transistor (1) is directly connected to ground in order to form a parallel feedback with the micro stripline filter (3).

Abstract: An improved electronic oscillator of limited bandwidth for better phase noise and linearity characteristics, and method for production, where a transmission line of specific characteristics is introduced between major components of the frequency source to significantly improve phase noise and linearity, and minor adjustments to the L/C ratio of the transmission line during production testing further optimize phase noise and linearity without adverse effects on other circuit parameters. The improvement chiefly relates to the length, configuration and accessibility of a transmission line connecting a resonator and main tuning capacitor in a series resonant tank circuit of an oscillator.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator has a cavity which is excited with an active element. The phase noise characteristic of the oscillator is improved in that a frequency discriminator utilizes the same oscillator cavity. The waves transmitted and reflected by the cavity are measured, combined and detected by a pair of low noise diodes. The signals obtained are compared to produce a control signal for a phase shifter which is connected between the active element and the cavity. The cavity is preferably a dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a varactor circuit and a varactor circuit for tuning a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO). The circuit pattern for the varactor circuit includes a minimum circuit pattern that is common to several circuit patterns for the varactor circuit that compensate for non-linearities in a connected non-linear varactor and provide the desired characteristics for the DRO. Other portions of the several circuit patterns are provided in isolated elements, each of which has a size and shape so that it does not resonate within the DRO's operating frequencies. The isolated elements are selectively connected to the minimum circuit pattern to form a suitable circuit pattern.

Abstract: A Gaussian-beam oscillator for microwave and millimeter wave comprising a negative resistance amplifier circuit which produces and amplifies a high-frequency signal, a resonator consisting of a pair of reflecting mirrors, which consist of a spherical mirror and a planar mirror or two spherical mirrors, and a wave path which transmits the high-frequency signal between said resonator and said negative resistance amplifier circuit, one reflecting mirror of said resonator having an electromagnetic wave coupling region constituted as a circular partially transparent mirror surface region having its center on the optical axis, the other reflecting mirror having a strip element provided at the center of the optical axis and on the rear surface of said strip element having a coupling region for coupling with said wave path, said one reflecting mirror constituting said resonator and having the electromagnetic wave coupling region having a higher reflectance than the reflectance of the other reflecting mirror.

Abstract: In a microwave oscillation apparatus including a negative resistance element, a microstrip line having a first end connected to the negative resistance element and a second end connected to a terminating resistor, and a dielectric resonator magnetically coupled to the microstrip line, a capacitive stub is provided on the microstrip line at a distance (1/4) .lambda..sub.s (2N-1) from the first end thereof, where .lambda..sub.s is a wavelength of a spurious oscillation frequency component and N is a positive integer.

Abstract: An injection-locked variable-frequency high-power microwave frequency generator includes an injection source, a circulator, and an oscillator. The circulator includes an injection port to the injection source, an oscillator port to the oscillator, and a transmission port. The circulator directs the injection signal from the injection source into the oscillator and directs the oscillator output out the transmission port. The oscillator includes an IMPATT diode and a microstrip matching circuit. The matching circuit provides the sufficient conditions for broadband (9.1-9.5 GHz) oscillation of the diode. To this end, the matching circuit provides three resonators having three different but closely coupled resonant frequencies. The matching circuit also serves as a transformer, providing impedance matching to the circulator. A high-power output can be chirped or otherwise controlled by electronic control of the injection frequency.

Abstract: A microstrip assembly (100), includes a first substrate such as a multilayer substrate (102, 106 and 112) having pockets or cavity areas (104). A second substrate (110) includes transmission lines (108) on its first surface, and a ground plane on its second surface which help form a microstrip resonator. The first and second substrates are attached with the transmission lines (108) resting inside of the areas defined by cavity areas (104). By providing an air gap on top of transmission lines (108), the microstrip assembly (100) can exhibit enhanced characteristics, while still maintaining the high Q characteristics of a microstrip.

Abstract: A shielded microstrip assembly (100)includes a substrate 102 having a first ground plane surface (106) and a second surface (206) which includes a transmission line (216). A plurality of solder balls (104) provide electrical interconnection for the ground plane and for the terminals (210) and (212) of transmission line (216). The microstrip assembly (100) is then inverted and attached using solder balls (104) to a carrier (302). The inverted microstrip assembly (100) of the present invention provides for improved shielding, while maintaining the high Q and other advantages associated with a microstrip.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator capable of being switched into or out of the oscillating state within a fraction of the period of oscillation. The instant-on microwave oscillator permits both the generation and modulation of a microwave signal by using a single active microwave semiconductor device which is a resonant tunneling diode. The instant-on microwave oscillator circuit includes a conductive transmission line having an impedance Z.sub.O with a corresponding ground plane; and a pair of output terminals connected one on each of the transmission line and the ground plane. An impedance Z.sub.L, having an impedance value which is less than ZO, is positioned across the output terminals. A pair of input terminals is connected at the opposite end of the transmission line, one on each of the transmission line and the ground plane with a resonant tunneling diode connected across the input terminals. An impedance Z is connected to the input terminal on the biased side of the transmission line.

Abstract: A remote temperature sensor includes a microwave oscillator which generates n output signal having a frequency which is proportional to the temperature of the environment in which it is located. The oscillator includes a relatively high transition temperature superconducting (HTSC) ring coupled to a transistor in a plurality of microstrip line oscillator configurations including those of a reaction oscillator, a transmission oscillator, a reflection oscillator and a parallel feedback oscillator. The superconducting ring operates below its transition temperature and in so doing, acts as a high Q resonator whose resonant frequency is proportional to temperature.

Abstract: In a voltage controlled oscillator, a dielectric resonator is mounted on a base of a conductive housing, and a dielectric substrate is secured to sidewalls of the housing in a position spaced from the dielectric resonator. A first stripline is secured to one surface of the substrate and electromagnetically coupled to the dielectric resonator, and an oscillating element is electrically connected to the first stripline. A second stripline is secured to the opposite surface of the substrate and capacitively coupled to the first stripline through the substrate. The second stripline is adapted to receive a frequency control voltage from an external circuit. A voltage-controlled variable capacitance element is secured to the substrate and electrically connected to the second stripline.

Abstract: An oscillating apparatus comprising: an oscillator unit for oscillating in the microwave band; an output unit electromagnetically coupled to the outputting unit of the oscillator unit for taking an oscillation output outside; and an antenna element electromagnetically coupled to a part of the outputting unit, or a part of the output unit for radiating part of the oscillation output in an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: There is disclosed a device for fabricating an oscillating apparatus by mounting a dielectric resonator on a substrate having a previously-mounted oscillating unit and a previously-provided microstrip line connected to the oscillating unit for supplying oscillation outputs. The device includes a support element for supporting the dielectric resonator, a positioning mechanism for moving the dielectric resonator to a position with respect to the substrate, a monitoring element for monitoring an oscillation output from the oscillating unit and a control element for controlling a drive element of the positioning mechanism in accordance with an output from the monitoring means.

Abstract: A conducting plane resonator (10) is used to stabilize an oscillating means (12) typically operating at microwave frequencies. The conducting plane resonator (10) is in proximity to the oscillating means (12) and is magnetically coupled thereto. In a first implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to an input conductor (16) of the oscillating means (12). In a second implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to an output conductor (18), which is coupled to the oscillating means (12). In a third implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to both the input conductor (16) and the output conductor (18). The conducting plane resonator (10) preferably comprises a thin, substantially planar conducting plane and is dimensioned such that it is resonant at the desired operating frequency. The conducting plane resonator (10) is preferably fabricated of a superconductor material to achieve high-Q performance.

Abstract: A structure for guiding millimeter wave radiation employs a resonant coplanar transmission line on a transparent substrate. A very short, picosecond, pulse is generated on the transmission line. By having the upper half plane air, the pulse will radiate into the substrate and be guided as millimeter wave from a distributed source and formed as a point source of radiation.

Abstract: In an oscillator employing a triplate type stripline, earth (ground) electrodes are formed only on an opposite pair of side surfaces of a substrate in which the stripline is embedded. An oscillation circuit mounted on the substrate is covered with a shielding case and the remaining side surfaces of the substrate, which are provided with no earth electrodes, are covered with shielding plates which are provided on the shielding case. Connecting portions of the shielding case are electrically connected with the earth electrodes by soldering. Thus, the stripline is electromagnetically shielded in a simple manner so that it is possible to easily manufacture an oscillator employing a stripline at a low cost.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator using planar microstrip technology and primarily for the 37 to 39.5 GHz frequency band comprises a strip-line resonator, a negative resistance device mounted adjacent the center of the resonator, respective variable capacitance devices mounted adjacent the ends of the resonator, a high impedance coupling the resonator to an output path, and bias signals are applied to the negative resistance device and said variable capacitance devices.

Abstract: In this invention, a distributed constant line on a microwave IC is formed of a Schottky metal, and a semiconductor conductive layer contacting the distributed constant line at least at one position and an ohmic contact electrode contacting the semiconductor conductive layer are arranged. According to this invention, characteristics of ICs can be optimized against a variation in elements combined with a circuit comprising the distributed constant line after the manufacture of ICs.

Abstract: An oscillator employing a strip line of tri-plate structure as a resonant element comprising a substrate having a strip line electrode embedded therein and a pair of grounding electrodes opposed to each other with the strip line electrode therebetween, neither of the pair of grounding electrodes being exposed on an upper main surface of the substrate, an oscillation circuit portion provided on the upper main surface of the substrate, a capacitor electrode provided on the upper main surface of the substrate, the capacitor electrode being opposed to the embedded grounding electrode, wherein one end of the strip line electrode is connected to the capacitor electrode and the oscillation circuit portion through a first connecting electrode extending from the above one end of the strip line electrode to the upper main surface of the substrate and wherein the other end of the strip line electrode is connected to at least one of the pair of grounding electrodes through a second connecting electrode.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator circuit having an antenna, wherein the effective reactive impedance of the oscillator circuit is altered by the movement of a reactive impedance changing element past the antenna to cause change of the oscillation condition of the oscillator. A change in oscillation condition is sensed and sent to a utilization device to determine speed and/or position. The utilization device can be a computer which receives a signal from a wheel speed determining system, wherefrom a signal is sent back to a braking system for the wheel to control braking thereof. This can be accomplished individually for each of the four wheels to provide an anti-locking braking system.

Abstract: The microwave oscillation circuit provides a transistor having the collector electrode grounded, the base electrode connected to a resonator circuit determining the oscillation frequency, and the emitter electrode connected to an output open stub. An output transmission line is placed parallel to the output open stub for the output power supplied from the output open stub to be output via an end of the output transmission line to a buffer amplifier. A resistor having an impedance equal to a characteristic impedance of the output transmission line connects a stub circuit to an open end of the output transmission line. The stub circuit exhibits an infinite impedance at the oscillation frequency. At the oscillation frequency, the resistor floats due to the infinite impedance of the stub circuit so that all the oscillation power supplied from the output open stub is output to the buffer amplifier, without being consumed by the resistor.

Abstract: A resonant microwave isolator is described in which a diagonal slot is fod in the top conductor of a microstrip, a strip of ferromagnetic material is mounted over at least a portion of the slot and magnetic flux is established in the ferromagnetic material in a direction intersecting the slot.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator/power combiner incorporates two microstrip transmission lines, each coupled electromagnetically to an output transmission line. Each of the microstrip transmission lines incorporate active diodes such as IMPATT or GUNN diodes which generate RF energy when acted upon by a DC voltage. The output transmission line is coupled to ground to allow the output end of the transmission line to be adjacent to the active diodes. The two microstrip transmission lines are coupled to a high Q tank circuit through a Wilkinson power divider. The high Q tank circuit is preferably a dielectric resonator. The oscillator may be cascaded to increase power output.

Abstract: In a waveguide oscillator, a Gunn diode or other negative-resistance oscillator device (2) has a resonant cap (3) for coupling to the waveguide (1), and a tuning varactor diode (11) is coupled by a probe (13) to the electromagnetic filed in the vicinity of the cap (3). In accordance with the invention, a mechanically simple, compact and cheap oscillator arrangement is obtained by integrating both the varactor diode (11) and the probe (13) in a circuit body (10) mounted in the waveguide (1), preferably in an area below the plane of the cap (3) so as to reduce perturbation of the filed. The probe is formed as a conductive track (13) on the circuit body (10), for example as a transmission line coupling to the electric field and preferably located at the front surface (18) of the body (10) or as a current loop extending on a side wall of the body (10) and coupling to the magnetic field.

Abstract: A variable characteristic impedance microstrip resonator for use in a tunable oscillator circuit, the resonator having relatively high characteristic impedance near its driven end to maximize tuning range and relatively low characteristic impedance near its opposite end to minimize losses and thus optimize sideband noise performance.

Abstract: An electronically controlled oscillator capable of operating in the rf/microwave frequency range, and using a stacked crystal filter as the frequency determining element in the oscillator. A non-linear element including an appropriately biased high frequency amplifier has the stacked crystal filter connected in its feedback path and provides a loop gain of greater than 1 to meet one aspect of the Barkhausen criteria. An electronically variable impedance, such as a hyperabrupt junction varactor, is connected in the feedback loop along with the stacked crystal filter to controllably insert a phase adjustment into the feedback path, to be compensated by a phase adjustment by the stacked crystal filter, thereby to controllably maintain a loop phase shift which is an integral number of 2.pi. radians at the oscillator frequency, and to vary the oscillator output frequency about the frequency of the stacked crystal filter in a controllable fashion.

Abstract: Oscillator which maintains a high Q constant frequency over changes in temperature utilizes two parallel transmission lines having an active element embedded within one of the lines. A dielectric resonator oriented one-half wave length from the embedded transmission line generates a high impedance near the embedded transmission line at resonant frequency. The resonating energy is transferred to the second parallel transmission having a low impedance. An impedance inverter matches the low impedance to the output bias and transfers the high peak powers from the low impedance in the second transmission line. The active element is bias controlled.

Abstract: A zone reflection type microwave oscillator using a dielectric resonator wherein a comparatively simple DC cutting circuit is formed which is capable of preventing the DC bias current from leaking into the terminal resistor without the use of any chip capacitor so as to improve the stability of the oscillation output and reduce the price.

Abstract: An oscillator including an active gain device and feedback between the output of the the device and its input for sustaining oscillations that incorporates a power splitter between the output of the device, the output of the oscillator and a feedback path for isolating the feedback path from the output of the oscillator for improving power and frequency pushing.

Abstract: A millimeter wave microstrip oscillator utilizing either a pulsed or CW IMPATT diode as the active element provides relatively high power output not available with a GUNN diode. The circuit comprises a block of a conductive metal having a channel of rectangular cross-section formed therein and including a cylindrical well formed inwardly in the block from the floor of the channel. A packaged IMPATT diode of either the pulsed or CW variety fits into the well with the cap portion of the package coplanar with the microstrip circuit pattern when the microstrip rests on the floor of the channel. The pattern includes a shunt open circuit stub and an impedance transformer connected to the terminals of the IMPATT diode for effectively matching the diode's complex impedance with the load. A conductive cover is secured to the block and a laterally and vertically movable tuning screw passes through the cover for fine tuning the oscillator's output frequency and power.

Abstract: A slow-wThe United States Government may have rights in this invention pursuant to funding arrangements with the Department of Defense.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) especially designed for use in the millimeter wave frequency band (Ka-band) and which exhibits an adjustable tuning sensitivity. A low tuning sensitivity is easily obtained, making it suitable for narrow-band FMCW applications. It comprises a Gunn diode as a negative resistance device and a voltage variable capacitance diode (varactor) as a tuning element. A fixed capacitance element is coupled in RF series with the varactor and microstrip transmission lines are configured to function as impedance matching, resonating and filtering elements. By incorporating the fixed capacitance in RF series with the varactor, the tuning sensitivity, measured in volts/Hz is markedly reduced. The VCO uses a novel RF structure which puts the fixed capacitance in RF series with the varactor, without introducing the fixed capacitance element in the varactor bias circuitry.

Abstract: A microwave microstrip oscillator includes a thin dielectric substrate, a Gunn diode mounted within the thickness of the substrate, an annular conductive resonator lying on the surface of the substrate and at least partially surrounding the Gunn diode, and a varactor diode associated with the Gunn diode for controlling the frequency of oscillation of the Gunn diode. A microstrip circuit coupled to the Gunn diode extracts an output power signal at a desired microwave frequency.

Abstract: The structure includes a conductive path and a ground plane applied to opposite faces of an insulating support. The ground plane has parallel slots placed under the conductive path and transversely thereto.

Abstract: A microstrip oscillator utilizing a Gunn diode as its active element for operation in the W-Band. A microstrip shunt resonator is dimensioned to resonate the Gunn diode at either its fundamental frequency or second harmonic frequency while a matching circuit, including a quarter wavelength transformer and a coupled microstrip transformer is employed to match the complex impedance of the Gunn diode device to the load. A radial hat on the Gunn diode effectively prevents radiation of electromagnetic energy from the system to thereby maximize the energy delivered to the load while, at the same time, functioning as a transformer element.