Abstract: A local oscillator noise rejection circuit is described which has a resistance between the output of an MES FET/HEMT and ground. This resistance has the effect of introducing a self-biasing arrangement to the oscillator circuit which means that when there is any increase in current through the MES PET/HEMT device, the voltage drop across the resistance also increases. Since the gate is tied to ground via a low resistance (51 .OMEGA.) this leads to an increased negative gate to source voltage which causes the device to "pinch-off" slightly which, in turn, gives a reduction in the current level through the device. This arrangement therefore has the effect of reducing any current surges within the device and produces an improvement in phase noise. In a preferred arrangement a 30 Ohm resistor is located between the source of the FET/HEMT and ground, the resistor being located in series within the printed circuit inductor and the output line.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator and a method capable of precisely adjusting a frequency shift amount are provided irrespective of a fluctuation in characteristics of elements such as a strip-line. A center tap 19 is formed in a strip-line 16 of a resonator. A switching element 20 is connected to the center tap 19, and this switching element 20 is turned ON, so that the center tap is shortcircuited to the ground so as to vary the oscillating frequency. A slit A1 is conducted in the vicinity of the center tap 19 along the strip-line 16 and directed toward a shortcircuited end 17 of the strip-line, so that a frequency shift amount is adjusted. Also, a slit B1 is conducted in the vicinity of the shortcircuited end 17 along the strip-line 16 and directed toward the center tap 19, so that a frequency shift amount is adjusted.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave/microwave oscillator circuit and method of fabricating same are disclosed. A high Q-factor resonator is formed by disposing a transferred electron negative resistance device, such as a Gunn diode, or an IMPATT negative resistance device in a semi-circular cross-sectional shaped resonator cavity. The equivalent capacitance of the negative resistance diode can be designed to resonate with the equivalent series inductance for the resonator cavity by adjusting the dimensions of the cavity and the placement of the negative resistance device therein. Very low cost, compact and lightweight microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuit power sources using negative resistance diodes can be batch manufactured.

Abstract: A stabilised voltage controlled oscillator circuit comprises a closed loop circuit containing a voltage controlled oscillator (34), a local oscillator (40) and a harmonic mixer (38) that mixes a stabilised local oscillator (LO) frequency signal and a radio frequency (RF) signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (34) to obtain an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. An IF amplifier (42) is connected to a linear frequency discriminator (44) that provides an output signal to a summing amplifier (46), which is connected to the voltage controlled oscillator (34). The closed loop circuit uses the linear frequency discriminator (44) to provide a feedback signal that stabilises the voltage controlled oscillator (34).

Abstract: An electronic module, comprising: a dielectric base plate having first and second opposing surfaces on which respective electrodes are disposed such that respective areas at the first and second surfaces are free of electrode material and aligned relative to one another to form a dielectric resonator; a first electronic component coupled to the base plate; and a first circuit sheet having first and second opposing surfaces, at least one aperture between the surfaces, and a conductor pattern disposed on the first surface, the first circuit sheet being disposed on the base plate such that: (i) the first electronic component is at least partially received within the aperture; and (ii) at least part of the conductor pattern is coupled to the dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A dielectric substrate is provided on both its main surfaces with conductors each having two circular openings such that the openings on both main surfaces oppose each other. On one conductor of the dielectric substrate, an insulating layer is formed. On the insulating layer, an input electrode and an output electrode are formed. Electrically conductive plates are disposed and secured such that they sandwich the dielectric substrate with gaps therebetween.

Abstract: A method (100) for mechanically tuning a VCO that has a resonant stripline having vias in predetermined locations connected through a circuit board to ground. This includes a step (104) of measuring the operating frequency of the VCO. A following step (106) includes calculating an amount of frequency shift needed to achieve a desired frequency. A following step (108) matches the amount of frequency shift needed to values in a look-up table of frequency shifts versus via locations to determine which vias locations will provide the proper amount of frequency shift. A last step (110) includes mechanically disconnecting from ground the via locations indicated in the third step such that the desired frequency is achieved. This method (100) of tuning allows VCO frequency adjustment after final assembly avoiding problems of frequency shifts that can occur due to the placement of a metal lid on the circuit board after assembly.

Abstract: A waveguide oscillator by means of which carrier waves can be generated in a waveguide. The waveguide oscillator takes the form of a planar slotted guide structure arranged in the waveguide approximately perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide and has two transmitting slotted guides, at least one semiconductor oscillator element and at least one compensation slotted guide.

Abstract: The ease of mounting a circuit board on a nonradiative dielectric line is improved, the degree of freedom of conductor film patterns formed on the circuit board is increased, and the degree of integration can be easily increased to fit within a small size. Dielectric strips are provided between the two conductor plates positioned in parallel to each other, and a circuit board is positioned parallel to the conductor plates. The conductor patterns on the circuit board and the transmission waves of the nonradiative dielectric line are electromagnetically coupled to each other.

Abstract: A YIG oscillator circuit including a closed loop control system which maximizes loop gain during start-up and minimizes loop gain after start-up to minimize gain compression. In one embodiment the closed loop control circuit includes a PIN diode coupled between the collector and base of a BJT, and comparison circuitry for comparing the YIG oscillator output voltage level with a reference voltage and providing a resulting feedback current to the PIN diode at the collector of the BJT. In operation, during start-up when the output voltage of the YIG oscillator is less than the reference voltage, the feedback current will be minimal and the PIN diode will reverse bias to maximize loop gain. When the output voltage approaches the reference voltage level, the feedback current will increase to forward bias the PIN diode to reduce loop gain and minimize gain compression. In a second embodiment, the PIN diode is not included, and the closed loop control circuit output signal is coupled to the emitter of the BJT.

Abstract: An amplifying circuit is formed by a combination of a dielectric line waveguide and a semiconductor device. Two electrically conductive plates are provided substantially parallel to each other. Two dielectric strips are disposed between the two conductive plates, and a dielectric plate is further inserted between the dielectric strips. Ground conductors are formed on the dielectric plate. The ground conductors have an area which equals an amount required for blocking a RF signal propagating in the dielectric line waveguide. A slot line is formed between the ground conductors in a position intermediate opposed sides of the dielectric strips. Line-switching conductor patterns are provided at both sides of the ends of the slot line. A field-effect transistor is mounted on the slot line such that it bridges over the slot line. Accordingly, losses and distortion of an RF signal, which would occur in an input/output circuit, are suppressed, and the generation of parasitic coupling is eliminated.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit comprises a surface acoustic wave resonance device of the single port type, an active circuit portion with which the surface acoustic wave resonance device is connected so that a signal feedback from the active circuit portion to the surface acoustic wave resonance device is carried out, an inductive element connected substantially in parallel with the surface acoustic wave resonance device, and a damping portion connected with one or both of the inductive element and the surface acoustic wave resonance device for suppressing parasitic oscillations caused by coaction between the inductive element and stray capacitance accompanying the surface acoustic wave resonance device.

Abstract: A device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide which operates in a microwave band or in a millimeter wave band. The device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is, for example, an oscillator, a circulator, a coupler or the like. The device has a couple of parallel conductors, a dielectric strip which is disposed between the conductors and propagates a high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a specified mode, a mounting surface which is formed on one of the conductors, and an end surface which is formed at an end of the conductors so as to be vertical to a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated in the dielectric strip. An end of the dielectric strip is exposed at a corresponding end surface of the device.

Abstract: The ease of mounting a circuit board on a nonradiative dielectric line is improved, the degree of freedom of conductor film patterns formed on the circuit board is increased, and the degree of integration can be easily increased to fit within a small size. Dielectric strips are provided between the two conductor plates positioned in parallel to each other, and a circuit board is positioned parallel to the conductor plates. The conductor patterns on the circuit board and the transmission waves of the nonradiative dielectric line are electromagnetically coupled to each other.

Abstract: The invention provides a trimmable multi-terminal capacitor. The multi-terminal capacitor comprises a plurality of capacitors with each of the capacitors having a common terminal. The capacitors are formed on a layer of dielectric material having a common plate of conductive material disposed on its top surface, and a plurality of separate plates of conductive material disposed on its lower surface. The capacitance value of each of the capacitors is separately tunable to tight tolerances. The capacitor is particularly suited to be used in a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to couple a plurality of devices to a resonator.

Abstract: A simplified apparatus and a design method for providing microwave resonators having high Q factors. The apparatus includes a resonant microwave cavity having three mutually orthogonal dimensions and a low loss dielectric body substantially enclosing each dimension of the resonant microwave cavity. To further increase Q-factor, the apparatus of the invention preferably includes a plurality of resonant microwave cavities and a plurality of low loss dielectric bodies each substantially enclosing a respective one of the microwave resonant cavities. In some embodiments the low loss dielectric bodies are arranged in a stack. In other embodiments the low loss dielectric bodies are concentrically arranged.

Abstract: In order to improve the phase noise and the temperature stability of a dielectric resonator oscillator, the cylindrical dielectric resonator which is important for the oscillation frequency is mounted on the substrate standing on its curved surface rather than lying on its end face, as conventionally customary. It is coupled to the RF lines in a higher mode (TM.sub.xxx mode) rather than in the fundamental mode (TE.sub.01.delta. mode).

Abstract: A millimeter or microwave oscillator device for a receiver or a transmitter is described. The oscillator device including a high frequency oscillating circuit including an active device 41; said active device 41 having a first and a second contact 56, 52, a signal line 49 of said oscillator device 41 being connected to said first contact 56 for connection to a load circuit 43; a biasing circuit 47 for said active device; and a low frequency oscillation suppression circuit; wherein said low frequency oscillation suppression circuit includes a decoupling capacitor 45 and one electrode of said decoupling capacitor 45 is connected to said second contact 52. A manufacturing method for the oscillator device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator includes a substrate having a circuit pattern on the top surface, a thin copper foil covering the bottom surface, and a hole. An electronic component is mounted to the top surface of the substrate. A metal plate is attached to the bottom surface of the substrate thereby closing the bottom of the hole. A dielectric resonator is attached to the metal plate through the hole. Since the dielectric resonator is attached to the metal plate by soldering, the bond between the dielectric resonator and the metal plate is stronger and more stable than that achieved by using a conventional adhesive. This enhances the reliability against temperature changes; mechanical impact or humidity.

Abstract: A whispering gallery resonator constructed from a ring of dielectric material that is enclosed in a conducting cylindrical enclosure having a top and bottom. The dimensions of the dielectric ring and the enclosure are chosen such that any additional resonant frequencies of the resonator are at frequencies sufficiently different from the first resonant frequency to allow the resonator to be used in a free-running oscillator. In one embodiment of the present invention, material is removed from the dielectric ring at locations spaced equally around the ring to move the frequency of one of two degenerate modes. In a second embodiment of the present invention, the dimensions are chosen such that the resonator has a second resonant frequency which is also far from any spurious modes. In this embodiment, the dielectric ring is constructed from a material having first and second dielectric constants depending on the direction of polarization of electromagnetic waves in the material.

Abstract: An oscillator includes an active component or amplifier and a stabilizing reactive component. The active component is a bipolar transistor in a common base circuit and the reactive component is a dielectric resonator totally coupled to the collector of the transistor. A super-reactive receiver includes a bipolar transistor the base of which is connected to one pole of a power supply via a first resistor and to a common point via a second resistor and the emitter of which is connected to the same pole via a third resistor. The core of a ceramic tubular coaxial dielectric resonator is connected between the collector of the transistor and the common point. Its screen is connected to the common point. A capacitor is connected between the base of the transistor and the common point which is connected to the other pole of the power supply.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments include a microstrip patch antenna (38) which also acts as the resonator for an oscillator powered by IMPATT diodes (34, 36); this forms a monolithic transmitter (30) for microwave and millimeter wave frequencies.

Abstract: A method of generating high-power microwaves from a compact source is disclosed by which a transmission line cavity resonator is charged to a high voltage and an electrical switch in the resonator is closed very quickly to produce subnanosecond current risetime and a resultant high-power microwave pulse. Structure to accomplish the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled microwave oscillator having a field effect transistor (1) as an amplifier and having a varactor diode (2) as a frequency-determining element has high output power and a large enough frequency sweep in the microwave frequency range that S-parameter scatters of the active components have optimally little influence on the characteristic data of the oscillator. The varactor diode (2) is preceded by a tunable micro stripline filter (3) and the source electrode of the field effect transistor (1) is directly connected to ground in order to form a parallel feedback with the micro stripline filter (3).

Abstract: A microwave oscillator has a cavity which is excited with an active element. The phase noise characteristic of the oscillator is improved in that a frequency discriminator utilizes the same oscillator cavity. The waves transmitted and reflected by the cavity are measured, combined and detected by a pair of low noise diodes. The signals obtained are compared to produce a control signal for a phase shifter which is connected between the active element and the cavity. The cavity is preferably a dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a varactor circuit and a varactor circuit for tuning a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO). The circuit pattern for the varactor circuit includes a minimum circuit pattern that is common to several circuit patterns for the varactor circuit that compensate for non-linearities in a connected non-linear varactor and provide the desired characteristics for the DRO. Other portions of the several circuit patterns are provided in isolated elements, each of which has a size and shape so that it does not resonate within the DRO's operating frequencies. The isolated elements are selectively connected to the minimum circuit pattern to form a suitable circuit pattern.

Abstract: A Gaussian-beam oscillator for microwave and millimeter wave comprising a negative resistance amplifier circuit which produces and amplifies a high-frequency signal, a resonator consisting of a pair of reflecting mirrors, which consist of a spherical mirror and a planar mirror or two spherical mirrors, and a wave path which transmits the high-frequency signal between said resonator and said negative resistance amplifier circuit, one reflecting mirror of said resonator having an electromagnetic wave coupling region constituted as a circular partially transparent mirror surface region having its center on the optical axis, the other reflecting mirror having a strip element provided at the center of the optical axis and on the rear surface of said strip element having a coupling region for coupling with said wave path, said one reflecting mirror constituting said resonator and having the electromagnetic wave coupling region having a higher reflectance than the reflectance of the other reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A high-power oscillator which uses a quasi-optical ring resonator to prov the feedback required for oscillation allows energy to travel in one direction only within the resonator and suffers little loss of energy during operation. The oscillator is built by inserting an array of amplifiers, tuned to a desired frequency, into the quasi-optical ring resonator formed by three reflective mirrors. The mirrors are spaced such that the total loop phase shift is equal to an integer multiple of 360 degrees at the desired frequency and, by proper selection of the amplifiers, the loop gain is set to be greater than or equal to one.

Abstract: The dielectric resonator assembly includes a housing having interior surfaces defining a resonant cavity and a dielectric resonator within the cavity. The dielectric resonator is a ceramic having a high dielectric constant and generates pulses at a desired frequency of oscillation. A pedestal supports the dielectric resonator within the resonant cavity so that it spaces the resonator apart from each of the interior surfaces of the cavity. The assembly also includes a transmission line for transmitting the pulses which pass through at least one of the interior surfaces and has an interior portion spaced apart from the remaining interior surfaces of the cavity. The interior portion of the transmission line is positioned proximate to and in magnetically coupled relationship with the dielectric resonator.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer, which controls the fluctuation of frequency not only of a long period but also a short period, ensures a wide frequency control range and can be realized at a low cost, can be obtained.

Abstract: A structure of a reception frequency converting portion of a multi-band microwave detector, and including a microwave circuit comprises a horn antenna, two-port cavity integrally formed with the horn antenna and having one port communicated with a throat portion of the horn antenna, one-port cavity integrally formed with the two-port cavity and communicated with the other port of the two-port cavity, a mixer diode located at the throat portion of the horn antenna, a first local oscillator arranged within the two-port cavity, and a second local oscillator arranged within the one-port cavity.

Abstract: A thermally compensating microwave cavity is provided. An active device that generates microwaves is disposed within this microwave cavity such that microwaves are emitted within the cavity. A first portion of these microwaves travels in one direction from the active device and forms a broad bandwidth signal. A section portion of the microwaves travels toward a reflecting member and is reflected. Once reflected, this second portion combines with and compensates the first portion. A temperature dependent bellows is utilized to displace the active device and the reflecting member relative to one another. Accordingly, as the signal emitted by the active device changes with temperature, the reflecting member is displaced by the bellows to properly reflect the second portion of the microwaves such that it combines with and properly compensates the signal.

Abstract: A hyperfrequency generator comprising a source element (5) of negative resistance adjacent to a cylindrical resonant cavity (2) closed at opposite ends by two transversal closure plates (4, 7) for the purpose of tuning over a frequency band. The source element (5) is installed directly in the resonant cavity (2) such that there is a direct coupling between the source element (5) and the resonant cavity (2). One of the closure plates (7) is movable toward and away from the other for rough tuning.

Abstract: In addition to a first opening (11) forming a primary output from a waveguide cavity (10) of a microwave oscillator, a coupling aperture (12) in a reflective wall (32) provides a secondary output which does not degrade the performance or tuning characteristics of the source. Less than -20 dB of the source power may be coupled out via the aperture (12) and is used in a feed-back loop (12,21,23,24,36) with an harmonic mixer (21) and frequency discriminator (24) to stabilize the source. The mixer comprises a further waveguide section (15) separated from the source cavity (10) by the reflective wall (32). An advantageous mixer assembly comprises a circuit substrate which is mounted across the further waveguide cavity (15) and which carries an inductive probe by which the signal from the coupling aperture (12) is fed to an antiparallel pair of mixer diodes on the substrate. The whole assembly may be bolted together through holes (34).

Abstract: A conducting plane resonator (10) is used to stabilize an oscillating means (12) typically operating at microwave frequencies. The conducting plane resonator (10) is in proximity to the oscillating means (12) and is magnetically coupled thereto. In a first implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to an input conductor (16) of the oscillating means (12). In a second implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to an output conductor (18), which is coupled to the oscillating means (12). In a third implementation, the conducting plane resonator (10) is magnetically coupled to both the input conductor (16) and the output conductor (18). The conducting plane resonator (10) preferably comprises a thin, substantially planar conducting plane and is dimensioned such that it is resonant at the desired operating frequency. The conducting plane resonator (10) is preferably fabricated of a superconductor material to achieve high-Q performance.

Abstract: A Q enhanced dielectric resonator circuit includes a metal enclosure having interior walls defining a chamber. Secured to at least two interior walls is a dielectric substrate. Flatly mounted to at least one side of the dielectric substrate is a substrate stripline. A dielectric resonator is secured to the dielectric substrate at a selected distance from the substrate stripline. The dielectric substrate is positioned a sufficient distance from a ground plane such that the magnetic field lines of the dielectric resonator do not significantly interact with the ground plane. The dielectric resonator is also positioned such that there is substantial coupling of the magnetic field lines of the dielectric resonator with the magnetic field lines of the substrate stripline.

Abstract: A W-band waveguide variable controlled oscillator incorporating a capacitively coupled Gunn diode and varactor diode arranged in such a manner that adverse environmental conditions do not deleteriously effect the stability of the output of the oscillator. The Gunn diode is electrically connected to a waveguide chamber within the oscillator and includes a resonator electrically connected to its end cap. The resonator is electrically connected to a DC bias source by means of a DC bias filter and a wire inductor. Opposite and above the Gunn diode is a varactor assembly including a varactor diode, which is also electrically connected to a DC bias source through a DC bias filter. A variable coupling spacer within the varactor assembly adjusts the distance between the varactor diode and the Gunn diode such that the capacitive coupling between the two can be adjusted. In addition, an adjustable back-short is incorporated within the waveguide channel to adjust the power output of the oscillator.

Abstract: An oscillator operational in the millimeter wave and microwave range, including frequencies greater than 60 GHz, is provided with reduced phase noise by enhancing Q of the resonant circuitry by reactively terminating fundamental frequency oscillation and increasing stored fundamental frequency energy in the resonant circuitry. A two frequency system is provided with constructive reflection of energy at fundamental frequency back to the resonant circuitry, and with isolation of fundamental frequency energy from the output load. Energy to the output load is obtained from the in-situ generated second harmonic of the active element. Phase noise is reduced by enhancing Q by more than an order of magnitude.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator/power combiner incorporates two microstrip transmission lines, each coupled electromagnetically to an output transmission line. Each of the microstrip transmission lines incorporate active diodes such as IMPATT or GUNN diodes which generate RF energy when acted upon by a DC voltage. The output transmission line is coupled to ground to allow the output end of the transmission line to be adjacent to the active diodes. The two microstrip transmission lines are coupled to a high Q tank circuit through a Wilkinson power divider. The high Q tank circuit is preferably a dielectric resonator. The oscillator may be cascaded to increase power output.

Abstract: A waveguide adaptor or transition for interfacing a microwave waveguide to a coplanar transmission line or electronic device is disclosed. The adaptor includes a waveguide section having an integral coplanar transmission line formed in a longitudinal slot in a top wall thereof. A metallic fin is disposed in the waveguide which extends into the slot. The transmission line is coplanar because the edges of the slot on either side of the fin both act as ground planes. A tapered portion of the fin gradually rises from the bottom surface of the waveguide into the slot which acts as an impedance matching structure between the waveguide and the transmission line. Numerous circuit elements can be connected to the transmission line so that the adaptor can be used to fabricate oscillators, amplifiers, filters and other devices. In particular, a Gunn oscillator formed with the adaptor is disclosed.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator having improved frequency linearization characteristics. A radial line, (top-hat) disc geometry in conjunction with a varactor diode are disposed in a broadband, ridged waveguide oscillator circuit to produce a frequency linearized voltage controlled oscillator. A negative resistance device is recessed into the ridged waveguide and coaxially coupled via an impedance transformer to the ridged waveguide cavity. The present invention uses a disc resonator in a ridged waveguide to transform the microwave impedance of a non-RF generating element, a varactor diode, to values which provide improved voltage controlled oscillator tuning linearity. The disc resonator or radial line is located above the varactor diode. The radial line transforms the microave impedance of the varactor diode to a new value which is then coupled into the ridged waveguide circuit and subsequently to the RF generating diode.

Abstract: In a waveguide oscillator, a Gunn diode or other negative-resistance oscillator device (2) has a resonant cap (3) for coupling to the waveguide (1), and a tuning varactor diode (11) is coupled by a probe (13) to the electromagnetic filed in the vicinity of the cap (3). In accordance with the invention, a mechanically simple, compact and cheap oscillator arrangement is obtained by integrating both the varactor diode (11) and the probe (13) in a circuit body (10) mounted in the waveguide (1), preferably in an area below the plane of the cap (3) so as to reduce perturbation of the filed. The probe is formed as a conductive track (13) on the circuit body (10), for example as a transmission line coupling to the electric field and preferably located at the front surface (18) of the body (10) or as a current loop extending on a side wall of the body (10) and coupling to the magnetic field.

Abstract: Oscillator which maintains a high Q constant frequency over changes in temperature utilizes two parallel transmission lines having an active element embedded within one of the lines. A dielectric resonator oriented one-half wave length from the embedded transmission line generates a high impedance near the embedded transmission line at resonant frequency. The resonating energy is transferred to the second parallel transmission having a low impedance. An impedance inverter matches the low impedance to the output bias and transfers the high peak powers from the low impedance in the second transmission line. The active element is bias controlled.

Abstract: A varactor tuned oscillator (10), VCO, operational in the millimeter wave range including frequencies greater than 30 GHz, includes a lumped element active circuit (12) with a negative resistance, a lumped element tuning circuit (16) coupled to the active circuit and providing resonant circuitry in combination therewith, and a VCO output (26) reactively terminated at the fundamental frequency of oscillation and generating a higher order output harmonic at least as high as the second order. The reactive termination at fundamental frequency eliminates the intrinsic diminishing effect on tuning range of resistive loading, to extend tuning range and provide an ultrabroadband VCO. The VCO output (26) is resistively loaded at the higher order harmonic. The output is obtained from the higher order harmonic generated in-situ in the active element (14). Measured performance included continuous tuning from 46 to 66 GHz, a 20 GHz tuning range, with a maximum power output of +6 dBm.

Abstract: An arrangement for mechanically adjusting the oscillation frequency in a dielectric resonator oscillator which includes a base or support member, as a cover for the oscillator housing, involving two rotatable plates between which the aforesaid base is sandwiched. The base includes an opening extending therethrough, where a rotatable first plate overlies such opening on one side of the base, and a rotatable second plate overlies such opening on the opposite side of the base. The first rotatable plate includes an off-center opening adapted to receive a centrally disposed stem portion extending from the second rotatable plate, where a dielectric resonator is disposed off-center on the second rotatable plate and extends in an opposite direction to that of the stem portion. A fastening member encircles the stem portion and maintains the assembled rotatable first plate and rotatable second plate at a selected X and Y coordinate location.

Abstract: An oscillator (10) operational in the millimeter wave range including frequencies greater than 30 GHz includes a lumped element active circuit (12) including an active element (14) with a negative resistance, a lumped element resonator circuit (16) in parallel therewith, and an antenna (18) extending directly from the oscillator without an intermediate impedance matching section therebetween and without an isolation element therebetween. The antenna has a length of nominally a quarter wavelength at the desired fundamental frequency, and has zero connection length from the oscillator. The antenna serves a dual function of radiating the energy generated by the oscillator and also transforming the output impedance of the oscillator to the impedance of transmission media providing a load, such as free space or a wave guide.

Abstract: A millimeter wave microstrip oscillator utilizing either a pulsed or CW IMPATT diode as the active element provides relatively high power output not available with a GUNN diode. The circuit comprises a block of a conductive metal having a channel of rectangular cross-section formed therein and including a cylindrical well formed inwardly in the block from the floor of the channel. A packaged IMPATT diode of either the pulsed or CW variety fits into the well with the cap portion of the package coplanar with the microstrip circuit pattern when the microstrip rests on the floor of the channel. The pattern includes a shunt open circuit stub and an impedance transformer connected to the terminals of the IMPATT diode for effectively matching the diode's complex impedance with the load. A conductive cover is secured to the block and a laterally and vertically movable tuning screw passes through the cover for fine tuning the oscillator's output frequency and power.

Abstract: A compact tunable generator of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy is disclosed. A thin conducting film is applied to a diffraction grating formed from a nonconducting substrate. A voltage source is applied to the film so that a current flows in the convoluted plane of the film in a direction perpendicular to the grooves of the grating. The frequency of the RF energy radiated by this system is determined both by the grating spacing and the applied voltage. The power levels are adequate for testing sensitive receiver systems over a wide range of frequencies.

Abstract: A microwave power combiner having a spherical region from which six rectangular waveguides extend oppositely along mutually orthogonal diameters. The long dimension of each waveguide cross section extends along a diagonal of a cube circumscribing the region and extends orthognally to this long dimension of the opposite waveguide. One waveguide is an input for an injection locking signal, and four waveguides are inputs for power to be combined in the region from oscillators controlled by the signal. No circulator is required, and the combined power may be output through the remaining waveguide or through the injection locking input waveguide. A number of the combiners may be connected with the output of one combiner serving as an injection locking input or as one power input to another of the combiners.

Abstract: A negative-resistance diode oscillator tuned by a varactor as applicable to frequency-modulated transmitters or to receiver oscillators operating within the 56-100 GHz frequency band is integrated in a waveguide. The diode is encapsulated in a capped package and mounted on a ground-connected base. A coupling capacitor is fixed on the metallic cap of the package. A varactor having beam-lead connections is mounted as a bridge between the capacitor and a ground-connected metallic stud. The bias voltages are brought in the plane of the waveguide by means of two wires and two capacitors housed within orifices formed through the waveguide walls.