Abstract: A circuit includes a transformer configured with a primary winding and a secondary winding that are driven from a voltage supplied by a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The circuit includes a bipolar startup stage (BSS) coupled to the transformer to generate an intermediate voltage. The BSS includes a first transistor device coupled in series with the primary winding of the transformer to form an oscillator circuit with an inductance of the secondary winding when the voltage supplied by the TEG is positive. A second transistor device coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer enables the oscillator circuit to oscillate when the voltage supplied by the TEG is negative. After startup, a flyback converter stage can be enabled from the intermediate voltage to generate a boosted regulated output voltage.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a power semiconductor switch, a freewheeling diode, and a storage choke having a core and a winding coupled between a first choke terminal and a second choke terminal. The storage choke is configured to conduct a current flowing across the power semiconductor switch. The arrangement also includes a driver circuit configured to drive the power semiconductor switch via the control terminal thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of determining muscle efficiency and inefficiency in a patient or subject and being able to quantitatively determine measurements that communicate between practitioners the condition, the health, and the efficiency state of any muscle. The efficiency of a muscle is defined by the ability of the brain to bridge a proper communication to the muscle by sending normal action potentials; the bridge is often compromised during injury, improper training, or from poor habits of bodily movement. The standardization of these efficiencies allows for the isolation of particular areas of the muscles that are inefficient and efficient. Further, with varied application of specific electrical pulses, a bridge that mimics the natural action potential is provided and can enhance muscle efficiency in a way that achieves higher levels of success in bodily healing and physical training than in any prior art.

Abstract: Devices including a transistor having a parasitic capacitance between a control terminal and a load terminal of a first type are provided. Furthermore, the devices include advantageously arranged inductances which are electromagnetically coupled to one another and are configured at least partly to compensate for an effect of the parasitic capacitance in a range around a resonant frequency.

Abstract: A Wilkinson Combiner circuit is disclosed. The circuit includes first and second input ports, and a resistive-capacitive (RC) network coupled there between. The circuit further includes an amplifier having an amplifier input node, and a coupled inductor. The coupled inductor includes first, second, and third terminals, coupled to the first input port, the second input port, and the amplifier input node, respectively. Signals conveyed from the first and second input ports are passed through the corresponding portions of the coupled inductor, are combined into a composite signal and amplified by the amplifier.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a boost convertor configured to perform a boost-up operation to boost a voltage supplied from an input terminal, a connection-assist diode connected in parallel to the boost convertor between the input terminal and an output terminal, and a switching element connected in parallel to the boost convertor and the connection-assist diode between the input terminal and the output terminal. A controller instructs the switching element to open and instructs the boost convertor to perform a boost-up operation for boosting the voltage at the input terminal during a boost-up period. The controller instructs the boost convertor to stop the boost-up operation when the boost-up period elapses. The controller then instructs the switching element to close the switching element. The controller then determines a state of the switching element based on a voltage at the output terminal detected.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a boost convertor configured to perform a boost-up operation to boost a voltage supplied from an input terminal, a connection-assist diode connected in parallel to the boost convertor between the input terminal and an output terminal, and a switching element connected in parallel to the boost convertor and the connection-assist diode between the input terminal and the output terminal. A controller instructs the switching element to open and instructs the boost convertor to perform a boost-up operation for boosting the voltage at the input terminal during a boost-up period. The controller instructs the boost convertor to stop the boost-up operation when the boost-up period elapses. The controller then instructs the switching element to close the switching element. The controller then determines a state of the switching element based on a voltage at the output terminal detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing unvarying direct load current comprises a direct voltage source connected to a DC-to-pulse voltage converter connected through a first galvanic decoupler to a pulse-to-DC voltage converter connected to a first terminal of the load. Another terminal of the load is connected to a DC stabilizer connected to a control circuit which is connected through a second galvanic decoupler to a control input of the DC-to-pulse voltage converter. Disclosed are three versions of the apparatus differing by the way the load is connected. The apparatus provides unvarying direct current flowing through the load that can vary within a wider load range.

Abstract: An ac-dc power supply includes a dc-dc converter coupled to an input of the ac-dc power supply. The input of the ac-dc power supply is coupled to receive an ac input voltage and an ac input current. The dc-dc converter includes a regulated output and a reservoir output. A controller is coupled to receive sense signals from the dc-dc converter. The controller is coupled to control the dc-dc converter to regulate the regulated output in response to the sense signals. The controller is further coupled to control a waveform of the ac input current to have a substantially same shape as a waveform of the ac input voltage. A regulator circuit is coupled to the regulated output and the reservoir output. The controller is coupled to the regulator circuit to control a transfer of energy from the reservoir output to the regulated output through the regulator circuit.

Abstract: A circuit includes a transformer configured with a primary winding and a secondary winding that are driven from a voltage supplied by a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The circuit includes a bipolar startup stage (BSS) coupled to the transformer to generate an intermediate voltage. The BSS includes a first transistor device coupled in series with the primary winding of the transformer to form an oscillator circuit with an inductance of the secondary winding when the voltage supplied by the TEG is positive. A second transistor device coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer enables the oscillator circuit to oscillate when the voltage supplied by the TEG is negative. After startup, a flyback converter stage can be enabled from the intermediate voltage to generate a boosted regulated output voltage.

Abstract: A hold-up converter or other electronic circuit comprises a first switch configured to perform a first switching function in a first operation mode and to act as a first diode in a second operation mode. The electronic circuit further comprises a second switch configured as a second diode in the first operation mode and that performs a second switching function in the second operation mode. A hold-up capacitor is electronically coupled to the first switch and the second switch such that the hold-up capacitor charges in the first operation mode based, at least in part, on the first switching function and discharges in the second operation mode based, at least in part, on the second switching function.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus and a driving method thereof are disclosed. The power supply apparatus includes a first converter and a second converter. The first converter is operated to acquire a first gain when an input voltage is included in a first range or a second range that is lower than a first range and outputs a first output voltage and a second output voltage by converting the input voltage. In addition, the second converter is operated when the input voltage is included in the first range and outputs a third output voltage by converting the second output voltage.

Abstract: A Geiger-Mueller charge particle rate measurement system includes a clock management unit in combination with multiple oscillators and rate feedback controller to allow for reactive switching between the different oscillator frequencies to optimize system use. Controlling the clock management unit to send the appropriate frequency (clock signal) to the timers in response to measured rate date from the rate feedback controller facilitates operation at different clock speeds, which helps reduce power consumption when operated at lower speeds.

Abstract: A VCO includes a transformer-based resonator that has a first LC tank and a second LC tank. The resonator has an even resonant mode and an odd resonant mode. The VCO further includes an active transconductance network that is coupled to a two-terminal port of the first tank and is also coupled to a two-terminal port of the second tank. A first terminal of the port of the first tank is capacitively coupled to a first terminal of the port of the second tank. A second terminal of the port of the first tank is capacitively coupled to a second terminal of the port of the second tank. The active transconductance network causes the resonator to resonate in a selectable one of the even and odd resonant modes depending on a digital control signal. The VCO is fine tuned by changing the capacitances of capacitors of the tanks.

Abstract: A power source driving an electrical device includes a DC power supply providing a rectified and smoothed DC voltage from an AC main power, a self-oscillator energized by the DC power supply to generate a high frequency voltage, and a transformer which provides an output voltage from the high frequency voltage for driving a load circuit of the device. The characterizing feature of the power source resides in that the self-oscillator comprises a class C amplifier and includes a bias stabilizing circuit which provides a stabilized bias to the class C amplifier for assuring constant and optimum operation irrespective of possible variations in the supply voltage as well as load variations.

Abstract: A self-oscillating DC to DC voltage converter having improved efficiency. The high efficiency saturable core voltage converter 100 of the present invention provides an output voltage across an output load R.sub.L in response to the input voltage at a source node 106 of a voltage source 104. The present invention includes a transistor switching network 120, 122 coupled to the source node 106. The switching network 120, 122 generates an alternating voltage in response to oscillation of the flux within a magnetic core 116. A voltage transformer 110 then impresses an output voltage across an output load R.sub.L, thus providing a load current I.sub.L. The inventive converter 100 further includes a feedback winding 112 for providing a transistor drive current to the transistor switching network 120, 122. A portion of the transistor drive current is shunted to the source node 106 by a source feedback arrangement 126, 130.

Abstract: A light source having two potential terminals, a transformer coil having a primary incorporating two windings and a secondary transistor, the first potential terminal being connected to the first winding of the primary, which is connected to the base of the transistor, the collector of which is connected to the second winding of the second terminal, a load capacitor connecting the second winding to the second terminal, a potentiometer connecting the first terminal to the capacitor at the common point between the capacitor and the second winding, a sealed chamber incorporating two electrodes containing a gas, these two electrodes being connected to the winding of the secondary. The invention is advantageously applied in illumination of any type, in industry, advertising, domestic equipment, etc.

Abstract: A circuit comprising an oscillator having a load coupled thereto by means of at least one voltage-dependent coupling element that exhibits a high impedance at relatively low voltages and low impedance at relatively higher voltages. The voltage-dependent coupling element can comprise two series connected Zener diodes connected such that the anodes of the diodes are coupled together. The voltage-dependent coupling element can also comprise a varistor.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for a free running blocking oscillator type switched power pack includes a control means for pulse width modulated drive of an electrical switch element. The control means receives as controlled information, among other things a zero axis crossing detector signal at one input post and a control voltage and a further input post that is dependent upon the output voltage of the switched power pack. To guarantee reliable operation yet yield low power consumption, particularly during the standby mode, it is proposed that a detector means with whose assistance an internal reference voltage is reduced during standby mode be provided in addition to a capacitive coupling of the two input posts. The result is that the undesirable rise in the output voltage in the standby mode and the further boost by the capacitive coupling of the input posts is effectively avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel device for low-frequency electrotherapy wherein a moisture proof variable resistor is used to control the output level of a low-frequency diphasic action potential circuit. The diphasic circuit produces a voltage having a pulse width of 0.1 to 10 seconds and a frequency off 10 to 300 Hertz superimposed on the voltage having a pulse interval of 0.1 to 10 seconds.

Abstract: A device for low-frequency electrotherapy wherein the output current of a low-frequency oscillator is applied to the subject's body through a pair of electrodes placed on the subject's body, comprising a first oscillator circuit that generates a low-frequency square wave voltage when the load is in connection with the electrode pair; and a second oscillator circuit that generates a therapeutic voltage when the output voltage of the first oscillator circuit is not zero.

Abstract: This invention relates to a blocking oscillating converter for transferring energy from a source of power, such as a vehicle battery, to a storage means, such as an energy storage capacitor in a capacitor discharge ignition system. A novel control and feedback circuit incorporated in the blocking oscillator allows the drive level to the switching transistor to be controlled in response to the peak current in said transistor as well as the output voltage of the blocking oscillator. Furthermore the control circuit allows the blocking oscillator to be turned off during the short period of time after each spark discharge that is needed for turnoff of a switching device used to control that discharge.

Abstract: In a flyback converter, a 15 Amp N-channel power MOSFET is driven to saturation by a gate voltage derived by connecting the gate to the relatively high-magnitude (150 volt) B+ voltage by way of a resistor of relatively high resistance (about 20 kilo-Ohm). Current flowing through this resistor causes the gate capacitance (3600 pico-Farad) to charge at a rate of about 2 Volt per micro-second. Since the forward transconductance of the MOSFET is 6 mhos or more, a situation has been established where the MOSFET is effectively fully switched ON as long as the MOSFET's drain current does not rise at a rate higher than about 12 Amp per micro-second.Eventually, the magnitude of the gate voltage reaches a predetermined maximum level (about 20 Volt), at which point a threshold device, which is connected between gate and source, breaks down and rapidly discharges the base capacitance, thereby rapidly switching the MOSFET into a non-conducting state.

Abstract: An improved oscillator circuit for avoiding core saturation without the need for auxiliary magnetic devices employs an emitter resistance for regulating base voltage, and a semiconductor base shunt for initiating transistor cut-off when the base voltage increases above the threshold voltage of the semiconductor shunt, the emitter resistance being preselected to activate the base shunt before the transformer core reaches saturation.

Abstract: The DC to DC converter includes a coupled inductor having a primary winding and a feedback winding. A drive current regulator circuit receives a variable input voltage from the feedback winding but transmits a constant base drive current to the base terminal of the converter switching transistor. The base drive regulator circuit thereby enables the DC to DC converter to operate at high levels of efficiency over wide ranges of DC input voltages such as twelve to forty-eight volts DC.

Abstract: A ringing choke-type DC/DC converter comprising a transformer having a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a feedback winding, an input DC power source connected through a transistor to the primary winding of the transformer, a DC power output connected through a diode to the secondary winding of the transformer, a base circuit having a first capacitor and connected between the base of the transistor and the feedback winding of the transformer, a branch circuit branching from the base circuit and having a Zener diode connected in series with a second capacitor, and an impedance provided in series between the transistor and the branch circuit for preventing the transistor from intermittently operating, thereby stabilizing the DC power output.

Abstract: A transistor oscillator produces at the secondary winding of a transformer output pulses with a pulse width which is dependent upon stored charge in the base of the transistor, the collector-emitter path being connected in series with a primary winding of the transformer and a feedback winding being connected via a capacitive feedback path to the base. The output pulses are rectified and smoothed to produce an output voltage. Regulation of the output voltage is achieved either by a zener diode connected at the output or by reducing the stored charge in the base with a control transistor, which may be a photo-transistor for electrical isolation of the output, whose collector-emitter path is connected in parallel with the base-emitter path of the oscillator transistor.

Abstract: A push-pull generator with a driver stage and a push-pull output stage. A parallel connection of a resistor (R3, R4) with a control transistor (T3, T4) is provided in the base line of each output stage transistor. In the push-pull output stage, resistors (R1, R2) are provided at which a voltage drop is caused by the output stage current. Depending on the magnitude of the voltage drop the control transistors (T3, T4) located parallel to the resistors in the base lines are either activated or blocked.

Abstract: An inverter for providing power to an electroluminescent lamp which optimizes the light output over the life of the lamp, includes an oscillator and a voltage feedback for sensing the voltage across the electroluminescent lamp, the oscillator being responsive to the feedback voltage to generate a time varying signal at a frequency related to the sensed feedback voltage.

Abstract: An improved blocking oscillator switched mode power supply, which is protected against a voltage rise on the primary side of a transformer of the switched mode power supply, which occurs in a no-load operation and could endanger the circuit. In a design of the blocking oscillator switched mode power supply according to the invention, the output of the variable gain amplifier, connected in known manner to an input of the pulse duration modulator (or pulse width modulator) of the control circuit of the blocking oscillator, is connected through an operational amplifier, which serves as comparator and is actuated by an auxiliary voltage to an additional input of the pulse duration modulator. The pulse duration modulator is provided in the usual manner for controlling the base of a switching transistor, forming a connection between one end of the primary side of the transformer and the terminal for the reference potential.

Abstract: A blocking oscillator converter with controlling logic system has an oscillator which, in the active state, blocks control of a switching transistor of the converter, and hence feeding of the electronic apparatus to be supplied by the converter. The oscillator blocks the output of a control circuit in the active state and, in the passive state, has no influence on the control of the switching transistor by the control circuit. The active state of the oscillator is triggered by monitoring of the possible operational errors by an error indicator when such an operational error occurs. After decay of the operational error has taken place, the oscillator again returns to the passive state. The advantage of the blocking oscillator converter with controlling logic system is primarily provided through a considerable reduction of the power dissipation in the blocking oscillator converter, and primarily in its switching transistor during error indications.

Abstract: A regulated switched-mode power supply for a television receiver utilizes a high voltage power transformer. A transformer primary winding, energized in response to a pulse width modulated signal, energizes electrically isolated load circuit windings via transformer action to transfer energy from an unregulated voltage source. A supplemental transformer winding, magnetically coupled to the primary winding, transfers additional energy to the load circuits to maintain accurate load circuit voltage regulation under all receiver operating conditions.

Abstract: A blocking oscillator for a reciprocating electromagnetic actuator having a solenoid coil, a detection coil for generating a control signal in response to a charge in the magnetic field generated by the solenoid coil, a silicon Darlington amplifier responsive to the control signal to control the current through said solenoid coil, and a diode connected in series with the collector of the Darlington amplifier rendering the Darlington amplifier immune to reverse voltage and transient signals.

Abstract: A bifluxer type transformer for use in a static inverter utilizes an E-E or shell-type core. Such configuration is particularly suitable for ballasting hid lamps because it minimizes stray flux which causes eddy current losses in the luminaire metal enclosure. A pair of apertures are provided in the yoke area, one above and the other below the central leg, around which the main winding is wound. Control windings are looped through the apertures and provide feedback from the output to the input of a power transistor as a result of linkage by transverse flux.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a fluxgate magnetometer has a repetition rate controble independent of the magnetometer core winding inductances, and a current-ON interval terminated only by core saturation. In this manner, power consumption is greatly reduced as compared to prior magnetometers without sacrificing low-noise operation. Previous drivers operated in a free-running flyback mode at high pulse repetition rates. The present driver reduces the oscillator repetition rate, and power consumption, by the use of a control loop from the flyback oscillator which signals the end of a current pulse as the magnetometer core rebounds from the saturated state.

Abstract: A single ended, separately driven, resonant DC-DC converter including a transformer, a capacitor connected in parallel with a primary winding of the transformer, a switching transistor connected between one end of the primary winding of the transformer and one end of a DC power source, and a blocking oscillating circuit for driving the switching transistor. The blocking oscillating circuit is directly driven by the DC power source and contains circuits for properly setting a pulse width and a pulse stop period of output pulses from the blocking oscillating circuit.

Abstract: A switching regulator having a blocking oscillator including a transistor, and a transformer with primary, secondary, and positive feedback windings. A rectifying and smoothing circuit is connected to the load and includes a photodiode coupled to a phototransistor connected to the blocking oscillator transistor in the feedback path for adjusting feedback to maintain output voltage at a constant level. A second positive feedback circuit connects between the phototransistor and the blocking oscillator transistor to assure stable oscillation of the blocking oscillator.

Abstract: A discharging element energizing circuit for a discharge-type fire alarm sensor unit including a discharging element, wherein a power supply circuit gives a power voltage to the discharging element in the form of periodical output pulses making same ready to discharge and a feedback circuit is provided to supply a feedback signal obtained from the discharging element to the power supply circuit so as to vary the interval of the output pulses. The sensor unit is continuously sensitive to ultraviolet rays only caused by a fire disaster, thus preventing a malfunctional alarm. Power consumption is reduced considerably, allowing the unit to be operated with commercially available dry cells.

Abstract: This invention concerns to a power supply arrangement which comprises, substantially, a power source circuit, a voltage converter circuit for converting a direct current voltage from the direct current power source circuit into an alternating current voltage, and a rectifier circuit for rectifying the alternating current voltage to a high direct current voltage to be applied to a load. The voltage converter circuit includes an oscillating transformer and an oscillation switching element. The oscillating transformer is provided with only two windings, and these windings are effectively employed to activate the voltage converter circuit.

Abstract: A low power expenditure oscillator/driver circuit including a transistor drive and control windings connected thereto and being operatively wound on a magnetic core suitable for use in a fluxgate magnetometer is disclosed. Its low power expenditure feature is provided, inter alia, by including an additional resistor in the base circuit of the transistor portion thereof so as to lengthen the base current pulses which permits their termination to be controlled by saturation of the magnetic core.

Abstract: An ornamental lamp which includes a light transmitting envelope containing a fluid such as an inert gas or air and at least one electrode disposed within or without said envelope and applying high voltage at a high frequency to said electrode to ionize the fluid to produce ornamental displays and varying the characteristics of the displays by changing the magnitude of the voltage, the frequency and wave form through modulation and a power supply for operating said lamp utilizing a transformer having a high voltage secondary and two low voltage primaries with said primaries being connected to said amplifier to produce a positive feedback signal to cause oscillation thereof and filter means for effecting modulation of the feedback signal.

Abstract: A free-running blocking oscillator-type converter for producing a controlled output signal. The converter is provided with a primary winding of a transformer, a switching transistor, and a resistor which are connected in series with one another between first and second input terminals of the converter. The transformer is further provided with a feedback winding which is coupled to the base terminal of the switching transistor. In some embodiments, optoelectronic coupling devices are used in a sensor arrangement for providing a control signal responsive to variations in the magnitude of the output signal of the converter. In other embodiments, such variations in the output signal of the converter are sensed by a transformer winding. Circuitry is disclosed for applying the sensor control signal selectably to the base and emitter terminals of the switching transistor.

Abstract: A power source circuit for a discharge type sensing circuit, comprising a blocking oscillator (1 ) and a feedback circuit (2) for changing the period of oscillation of the blocking oscillator (1). The sensing circuit as a load is connected to a secondary winding (L.sub.2) of a transformer (T) of the blocking oscillator (1). The base bias of a transistor (Tr.sub.1) of the blocking oscillator is controlled by the feedback circuit (2) to which is applied a negative voltage produced in the primary winding (L.sub.1) in an off state of the transistor (Tr.sub.1). As a result, when the sensing circuit is in the sensing mode of operation, the period of oscillation becomes shorter for rapid supply of electric power and, when in the waiting mode of operation, the period of oscillation becomes longer for reducing supply of power, so that the power consumption is reduced as a whole.

Abstract: A tire pressure monitoring system includes a tuned circuit with a pressure sensitive switch which is closed when the tire pressure is normal, connected across it, the tuned circuit and switch being mounted on the vehicle wheel. Mounted on a part of the vehicle is a detector circuit including an oscillator which includes an inductor which is at least intermittently coupled to the inductor of the tuned circuit. When the switch is closed the oscillator runs normally and its output is detected to indicate that all is well. When switch is open, however, the oscillator output is suppressed whenever the inductors are coupled together. The circuit can also be used in other applications where it is required to detect the state of an isolated switch.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises an arrangement which makes it possible to power a transmitter in self-contained fashion from a pick-up without any other power source. The device comprises at least one transistor and a transformer having a high turns ratio. The primary windings are connected in series with controlled electrodes of the transistor. The secondary windings of the transformer act on the controlling electrode of the transistor and the very low voltage is applied across the primary windings and the controlled electrodes. Voltages of a few mV which are thus applied result in the appearance of voltage pulses of a usable magnitude at the terminals of the secondary winding which may be accumulated in a capacitor to feed the transmitter intermittently. This device can be used in a self-contained detector-transmitter for use as a remote fire alarm.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter is described of the blocking oscillator type, for charging a battery from a solar cell. The use of a field effect transistor enables the oscillation to be started by the voltage from a single solar cell, even if the battery is fully exhausted. The overall efficiency of the circuit is improved by the use of the base-emitter junction of the switching transistor of the converter as rectifying element for the battery charging current.

Abstract: A circuit for holding the voltage across a rapidly switched semiconductor element such as a transistor used in an inductive circuit to substantially twice the voltage of an input source when the element is switched to its nonconducting state. Also included is circuitry for recovering and returning to the input source the energy stored in the inductance and wiring of the inductive circuit.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a pulse generator for generating short duration, high current pulses at a repetition rate which is substantially independent of variations in source potential, load or ambient temperature. The pulse generator employs a single transistor, relaxation oscillator configuration, in which the base electrode potential is maintained proportional to source potential and the emitter electrode potential is coupled in an RC network in which rate of change of voltage on the capacitor is proportional to the source potential. Regenerative feedback required for production of short duration, high current pulses is provided by a current transformer having a few primary and a few secondary turns wound on a magnetic core for close coupling. The output pulses, which are derived by a second current transformer, are suitable for turning on a switching transistor in a high frequency static inverter.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for strobo unit includes a DC-DC converter which steps up a low voltage from a d.c. source to a higher voltage. The converter comprises an oscillation transformer, a PNP transistor and an NPN transistor, both of which are used to form an oscillation circuit. The circuit arrangement provides a stabilized oscillation and eliminates the likelihood of producing an electric shock.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel compact power oscillator which is normally quiescent until applied to a load, to produce, under load, a unique waveform which has a unique application to self-protective devices and medical uses. The oscillator includes a high gain inverting amplifier, preferably a Darlington pair constituted by a germanium output transistor driven by a small signal transistor, a transformer, a D.C. source such as a battery, and a pair of output electrodes.