Abstract: A ferrite element for a circulator comprises a first segment extending in a first direction from a center portion of the ferrite element; a second segment extending in a second direction from the center portion of the ferrite element; and a third segment extending in a third direction from the center portion of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment has a respective width and include a channel located at a respective distance from a center point of the ferrite element. At least one of the respective width of each segment or the respective distance from the center point for the channel in each segment is different for each respective segment such that the first segment operates over a first frequency sub-band, the second segment operates over a second frequency sub-band, and the third segment operates over a third frequency sub-band.

Abstract: A dual stacked stripline circulator includes multiple composite ferrite discs, each having an inner portion and an outer portion; a first substrate having an edge with a first composite ferrite disc disposed in the first substrate; a second substrate having an edge with a second composite ferrite disc disposed in the second substrate; a third substrate having an edge with a third composite ferrite disc disposed in the third substrate, the third substrate disposed adjacent the second substrate; a fourth substrate having an edge with a fourth composite ferrite disc disposed in the fourth substrate; a first pattern defining three ports of a first three-port circulator disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a second pattern defining three ports of a second three-port circulator disposed between the third substrate and the fourth substrate; and a metal film encircling the edge of the first, second, third and fourth substrate.

Abstract: A waveguide circulator system for an E-plane-layer transition includes a first waveguide including: at least N waveguide arms, and a first-interface aperture spanning a first X-Y plane on a bottom surface of a first waveguide arm, a ferrite element having N segments protruding into the N respective waveguide arms of the first waveguide; an E-plane-transition waveguide having a first open-end and a second opposing open-end; and a second waveguide including a second-interface aperture spanning a second X-Y. The first-interface aperture is arranged to proximally overlap the first open-end. The second second-interface aperture of the second waveguide and the second-interface aperture is arranged to proximally overlap the second open-end. At least a portion of the first segment of the ferrite element protrudes into a volume extending between the first-interface aperture on the bottom surface of the first waveguide arm and an opposing top surface of the first waveguide arm.

Abstract: A mixed-signal, multilayer printed wiring board fabricated in a single lamination step is described. The PWB includes one or more radio frequency (RF) interconnects between different circuit layers on different circuit boards which make up the PWB. The PWB includes a number of unit cells with radiating elements and an RF cage disposed around each unit cell to isolate the unit cell. A plurality of flip-chip circuits are disposed on an external surface of the PWB and a heat sink can be disposed over the flip chip components.

Abstract: A circulator/isolator assembly to operate within a first frequency range is disclosed. The assembly includes a first magnetic substrate having a first surface and a second surface and a first ground plane formed on the first surface, a dielectric layer disposed adjacent the first magnetic substrate, the dielectric layer comprising a multi-port junction circuit disposed on a first side of the dielectric layer and dimensioned to be resonant within the first frequency range, the multi-port junction circuit comprising a conductive disk coupled to a plurality of RF transmission traces, a first RF transmission trace forming an input port and a second RF transmission trace forming an output port, a ground plane disposed on a second side of the dielectric layer, and a first magnetic cylinder disposed proximate the multi-port junction circuit of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: The present application relates to a combined-branched-ferrite element including at least two branched-ferrite elements, the branched-ferrite elements having three branches. At least one of the three branches in the ferrite elements is connected to a branch of another one of the ferrite elements to form at least one connected-branch. The unconnected branches are input/output (I/O) branches and include input/output (I/O) apertures in respective I/O branch planes that divide the respective I/O branches into resonator sections and return-path sections.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a waveguide circulator with tapered matching component are provided. In certain embodiments, a waveguide structure comprises a plurality of waveguide arms; an internal cavity; a plurality of tapered matching components, wherein each tapered matching component in the plurality of tapered matching components has a narrow taper end that is connected to the internal cavity and a wide taper end that is connected to a waveguide arm in the plurality of waveguide arms, wherein the narrow taper end is narrower than the wide taper end; and a ferrite element having ferrite element segments disposed in the internal cavity, wherein a segment extends through the narrow taper end and the narrow taper end of the tapered matching component is narrower than the wide taper end such that a magnitude of impedance difference between each waveguide arm and the internal cavity containing the ferrite element is reduced.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a ferrite, a first central electrode and a second central electrode that are arranged on the ferrite so as to cross each other in an insulated state, and a permanent magnet configured to apply a DC magnetic field to a portion where the first and second central electrodes cross each other. One end of the first central electrode defines an input port and the other end thereof defines an output port. One end of the second central electrode defines the input port and the other end thereof defines a ground port. A resistance element and a capacitance element which are connected in parallel with each other are connected in series between the input port and the output port. A switching capacitance unit configured to switch a capacitance is connected in parallel with the resistance element between the input port and the output port.

Abstract: A waveguide circulator system for an E-plane-layer transition includes a first waveguide including: at least N waveguide arms, and a first-interface aperture spanning a first X-Y plane on a bottom surface of a first waveguide arm, a ferrite element having N segments protruding into the N respective waveguide arms of the first waveguide; an E-plane-transition waveguide having a first open-end and a second opposing open-end; and a second waveguide including a second-interface aperture spanning a second X-Y. The first-interface aperture is arranged to proximally overlap the first open-end. The second second-interface aperture of the second waveguide and the second-interface aperture is arranged to proximally overlap the second open-end. At least a portion of the first segment of the ferrite element protrudes into a volume extending between the first-interface aperture on the bottom surface of the first waveguide arm and an opposing top surface of the first waveguide arm.

Abstract: A ferrite element for a switchable circulator comprises a first segment extending in a first direction from a center portion of the ferrite element; a second segment extending in a second direction from the center portion of the ferrite element; and a third segment extending in a third direction from the center portion of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment include a first channel located at a first distance from a center point of the ferrite element. The first distance defines a first resonant section of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment also include a second channel located at a second distance from the center point. The second distance defines a second resonant section of the ferrite element.

Abstract: In systems and methods of reducing latency in a wireless communication system, a first signal of a first radio access technology and a second signal of a second radio access technology are received at a first antenna and a second antenna of a wireless device. From a first circulator the first signal received at the first antenna and the second antenna are received and combined to generate a combined first signal. In addition, from a second circulator the second signal received at the first antenna and the second antenna are received and combined to generate a combined second signal. While receiving the first signal of the first radio access technology, a call request is received over the second signal of the second radio access technology.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a modular ferrite switch for constructing switch networks are provided. In one implementation, a circulator redundancy network comprises multiple inputs; multiple outputs; and multiple circulator modules that connect the inputs to the outputs. A circulator module includes at least one module input connected to at least one input; at least one module output, where the number of module outputs equals the number of module inputs; multiple interconnection ports, configured to connect the circulator module to other circulator modules; and multiple circulators that route received signals between the at least one input, the at least one output, and the interconnection ports. Further, multiple interconnects connect the plurality of circulator modules to one another at the interconnection ports; and a circulator switch controller controls the direction of circulation for the plurality of circulators.

Abstract: A circulator includes a ferrite disposed above a PCB, a metal cover that covers above the ferrite and is formed integrally, a plurality of connection parts that electrically connect the metal cover to a plurality of respective signal transmission lines above the PCB, and a permanent magnet that applies a magnetic field to the ferrite. Thus, it is possible to provide, for example, a non-reciprocal circuit element that is composed of a small number of parts and can be easily mounted on a circuit board, a communication apparatus equipped with a circuit including the non-reciprocal circuit element, and a manufacturing method of a non-reciprocal circuit element.

Abstract: Devices are described herein that operate according to non-reciprocal behaviors. The devices may be manufactured and integrated into substrates and discrete components according to described techniques. The devices may be configured in ways to achieve increased device performance while decreasing the overall device size. The devices may be actively tuned to facilitate impedance matching with other circuit components such as power amplifiers. Tuning includes adjustment of magnetic fields and impedance values associated with the devices using techniques and components described herein and may be based upon changes in circuit or device parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current. The devices described herein may be configured as non-reciprocal devices that include ferrites with metallization patterns that may be in the form of microstrip circuitry or in stripline formats depending upon configuration.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a stacked waveguide circulator are described. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first side and a second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a top and a bottom opposite the top. The top and the bottom may be adjacent to the first and second sides. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a a first port and a second port on the first side. The first port may be vertically above the second port on the first side. Further, the stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a third port on the second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first magnet on the top. The first magnet may be configured to assist in directing signals between the first, second, and third ports.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element is configured so that a first center electrode and a second center electrode are arranged on a ferrite, to which a direct current magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is applied, so as to cross each other and be insulated from each other. One end portion of the first center electrode is connected to a first unbalanced input/output port and one port of a plurality of balanced input/output ports and the other end portion of the first center electrode is connected to ground. One end portion of the second center electrode is connected to a second unbalanced input/output port and the other port of the balanced input/output ports and the other end of the second center electrode is connected to the ground. The one end portion of the first center electrode is connected to the ground via a first capacitor element, and the one end portion of the second center electrode is connected to the ground via a second capacitor element.

Abstract: An antenna unit includes an antenna substrate, a reflective plate, a receiver board, a transmitter board, a cooling plate and a connection interface. The reflective plate is disposed on an antenna element forming surface of the antenna substrate. The receiver board is disposed on a surface of the antenna substrate opposite to a surface facing the reflective plate, and has a receiver module to process a received signal. The transmitter board is disposed substantially parallel to a surface of the receiver board opposite to a surface facing the antenna substrate, and has a transmitter module to process a transmission signal. The cooling plate is disposed on a surface of the transmitter board opposite to the surface facing the receiver board and is configured to cool down heat generated by the transmitter module. The connection interface connects the transmitter board and the receiver board to transmit a signal therebetween.

Abstract: A circulator for a waveguide is provided. The circulator comprises a waveguide housing including a central cavity, and a ferrite element disposed in the central cavity of the waveguide housing, with the ferrite element including a first surface and an opposing second surface. The circulator also comprises a pair of asymmetric dielectric spacers including a first dielectric spacer located on the first surface of the ferrite element, and a second dielectric spacer located on the second surface of the ferrite element.

Abstract: A waveguide circulator for an electro-magnetic field having a wavelength is provided. The waveguide circulator includes: N waveguide arms, where N is a positive integer; a ferrite element having N segments protruding into the N respective waveguide arms; at most (N?1) quarter-wave dielectric transformers attached to respective ends of at most (N?1) other segments; a first quarter-wave dielectric transformer attached to an end of the first segment; and a coaxial-coupling component. The N waveguide arms include a first-waveguide arm and (N?1) other-waveguide arms. The N segments include a first segment protruding into the first-waveguide arm and (N?1) other segments protruding into respective (N?1) other-waveguide arms. The coaxial-coupling component is positioned within a quarter wavelength of the electro-magnetic field from the first quarter-wave dielectric transformer positioned in the first-waveguide arm.

Abstract: A circulator comprises a thermally conductive waveguide housing having a plurality of hollow waveguide arms that communicate with a central cavity, with the hollow waveguide arms each having at least one inner sidewall surface that is angled toward the central cavity. A ferrite element is disposed in the central cavity of the waveguide housing. The ferrite element includes a central portion and a plurality of ferrite segments that extend from the central portion. The ferrite segments each protrude into a separate waveguide arm along the at least one inner sidewall surface, with at least one side of each ferrite segment attached to the at least one inner sidewall surface.

Abstract: A device comprises a waveguide structure that includes multiple arms extending from the structure, wherein the arms connect to the structure; a switching element disposed in the structure and having multiple segments, each segment being associated with a waveguide arm, wherein the switching element has an E-plane aperture extending through the switching element, wherein the E-plane aperture is aligned perpendicularly to the H-plane; and an E-plane magnetizing winding inserted through the E-plane aperture such that current applied to the E-plane magnetizing winding establishes a magnetic field in the switching element that is aligned with the H-plane.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal gyromagnetic phase shift device for microwave signals is provided. The device has a section of waveguide with at least two stacked chambers in each of which ferrite-containing slabs are arranged opposite one another on top and bottom walls of the stacked chambers along a common axis, in use a magnetic field being applied to the section of waveguide along the common axis along which are positioned the ferrite-containing slabs. The phase shift device proposed may be used in different microwave circuits. For example, it may be combined with a folded magic tee and a 3 dB hybrid coupler in order to form a 4-port differential phase shift circulator.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device includes a magnetic core, a permanent magnet that applies a DC field to the magnetic core, a plurality of central conductors that are insulated from each other and cross each other at a specified angle, and at least one subsidiary conductor that is arranged on the magnetic core adjacent to at least one of the central conductors. The subsidiary conductor is magnetically coupled with the central conductor adjacent thereto via the magnetic core.

Abstract: A circulator/isolator assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a first magnetic substrate having first surface and a second surface and a first ground plane formed on the first surface. A dielectric layer is disposed adjacent first magnetic substrate. The dielectric layer includes a multi-port junction circuit coupled to transmission traces. One of the traces forms an input port and another forms an output port. A first magnet is disposed proximate the multi-port junction circuit of the dielectric layer. The first magnet excites a circular, unidirectional magnetic flux field in the first magnetic substrate that limits electromagnetic wave propagation to a single direction.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a ferrite, a first central electrode and a second central electrode arranged on the ferrite so as to cross each other in an insulated state, and a permanent magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to a portion where the first and second central electrodes cross each other. One end of the first central electrode defines an input port, and the other end thereof defines an output port. One end of the second central electrode defines the input port, and the other end thereof defines a ground port. A resistance element and a capacitance element, which are connected in parallel with each other, are connected in series with and between the input port and the output port. Input impedance is lowered by making inductance of the second central electrode relatively large.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a circuit assembly that includes an integrated circulator assembly. The circuit assembly has a first substrate, which contains a continuous circuit trace that includes a circulator component from the circulator assembly and at least one electrical component from the circuit assembly. A second substrate is disposed beneath the first substrate and includes a cladding on one surface. The second substrate contains an aperture that accepts a ferrite element, which is axially aligned with the circulator component of the circuit trace. A conductive material is placed across the ferrite element so that it forms a continuous ground plane with the cladding, which is common to the entire circuit trace. The circulator assembly also contains a magnet bonded to the ferrite element. The circulator assembly may also include a yoke disposed below the magnet to shield the circulator from external magnetic fields.

Abstract: A ferrite element for a circulator comprises a first segment extending in a first direction from a center portion of the ferrite element; a second segment extending in a second direction from the center portion of the ferrite element; and a third segment extending in a third direction from the center portion of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment has a respective width and include a channel located at a respective distance from a center point of the ferrite element. At least one of the respective width of each segment or the respective distance from the center point for the channel in each segment is different for each respective segment such that the first segment operates over a first frequency sub-band, the second segment operates over a second frequency sub-band, and the third segment operates over a third frequency sub-band.

Abstract: A ferrite element for a switchable circulator comprises a first segment extending in a first direction from a center portion of the ferrite element; a second segment extending in a second direction from the center portion of the ferrite element; and a third segment extending in a third direction from the center portion of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment include a first channel located at a first distance from a center point of the ferrite element. The first distance defines a first resonant section of the ferrite element. Each of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment also include a second channel located at a second distance from the center point. The second distance defines a second resonant section of the ferrite element.

Abstract: A device comprises a waveguide structure that includes multiple arms extending from the structure, wherein the arms connect to the structure; a switching element disposed in the structure and having multiple segments, each segment being associated with a waveguide arm, wherein the switching element has an E-plane aperture extending through the switching element, wherein the E-plane aperture is aligned perpendicularly to the H-plane; and an E-plane magnetizing winding inserted through the E-plane aperture such that current applied to the E-plane magnetizing winding establishes a magnetic field in the switching element that is aligned with the H-plane.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a waveguide circulator with tapered matching component are provided. In certain embodiments, a waveguide structure comprises a plurality of waveguide arms; an internal cavity; a plurality of tapered matching components, wherein each tapered matching component in the plurality of tapered matching components has a narrow taper end that is connected to the internal cavity and a wide taper end that is connected to a waveguide arm in the plurality of waveguide arms, wherein the narrow taper end is narrower than the wide taper end; and a ferrite element having ferrite element segments disposed in the internal cavity, wherein a segment extends through the narrow taper end and the narrow taper end of the tapered matching component is narrower than the wide taper end such that a magnitude of impedance difference between each waveguide arm and the internal cavity containing the ferrite element is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods related to junction ferrite devices having improved insertion loss performance. In some implementations, a ferrite disk assembly can be configured for a radio-frequency (RF) circulator. The disk assembly can include a ferrite-based disk having a ferrite portion and a metalized layer formed on a grounding surface of the disk to improve electrical contact between the grounding surface of the disk with an external grounding surface. The ferrite-based disk can further include a dielectric portion disposed around the periphery of the ferrite center portion. In some embodiments, the metalized layer can be a silver layer formed on the grounding surface of the disk and having a desired thickness.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device includes a magnetic core, a permanent magnet that applies a DC field to the magnetic core, a plurality of central conductors that are insulated from each other and cross each other at a specified angle, and at least one subsidiary conductor that is arranged on the magnetic core adjacent to at least one of the central conductors. The subsidiary conductor is magnetically coupled with the central conductor adjacent thereto via the magnetic core.

Abstract: A manufacturing technique for constructing passive electronic components in vertical configurations is disclosed. Electrically passive components are constructed in a structure that is substantially perpendicular to target platform including a first plane to provide a larger electrode contact area and a smaller physical dimension. Passive components structured to be substantially perpendicular to a plane associated with a target platform can be directly connected to pad contacts of an integrated circuit or substrate or can be embedded in a package to reduce the area overhead of a passive component while improving the effectiveness of the passive components in their applications.

Abstract: In a circuit module in which a plurality of non-reciprocal circuit elements, each of which does not have a yoke, are mounted, the occurrence of magnetic coupling between the non-reciprocal circuit elements is significantly reduced and prevented. Core isolators are not arranged such that, in a state in which the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of magnetic flux are the same, the core isolators are aligned in the direction of the magnetic flux. Specifically, the core isolators generate the magnetic flux from left to right. The core isolators are aligned so as to be inclined relative to the magnetic flux. Thus, extension of the magnetic flux through the core isolator in a state of being directed in the same direction as that of the magnetic flux is significantly reduced and prevented.

Abstract: Radiofrequency and other electronic devices can be formed from textured hexaferrite materials, such as Z-phase barium cobalt ferrite Ba3Co2Fe24O41 (Co2Z) having enhanced resonant frequency. The textured hexaferrite material can be formed by sintering fine grain hexaferrite powder at a lower temperature than conventional firing temperatures to inhibit reduction of iron. The textured hexaferrite material can be used in radiofrequency devices such as circulators or telecommunications systems.

Abstract: There is provided a non-reciprocal circuit element which has a simple structure and superiority in assembly and allows easy achievement of height reduction and size reduction while preventing fracture of a ferrite plate.

Abstract: A central conductor assembly for a non-reciprocal circuit device, at least a first central conductor constituting a first inductance element and a second central conductor constituting a second inductance element being integrally formed in a laminate comprising pluralities of magnetic layers, the first central conductor being formed by series-connecting first and second lines formed on a first main surface of the laminate to third lines formed in the laminate through via-holes, and the second central conductor being formed on the first main surface of the laminate such that it extends between the first and second lines and crosses the third lines via a magnetic layer.

Abstract: A ganged circulator device for isolating a transmitter and increasing the power level, isolation performance, and input VSWR performance of an IBOC combiner module is provided. The ganged circulator device includes an input power divider, a ganged circulator module, and an output power combiner. The input power divider includes a first input port, a second input port, and a plurality of output ports. The ganged circulator module includes a plurality of circulators and a plurality of load resistors. The module also includes input ports corresponding to and electrically connected to the plurality of output ports on the input power divider. The output power combiner includes a first output port, a second output port, and plurality of input ports corresponding to and electrically connected to a plurality of output ports of the ganged circulator module.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a stacked waveguide circulator are described. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first side and a second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a top and a bottom opposite the top. The top and the bottom may be adjacent to the first and second sides. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a a first port and a second port on the first side. The first port may be vertically above the second port on the first side. Further, the stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a third port on the second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first magnet on the top. The first magnet may be configured to assist in directing signals between the first, second, and third ports.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a stacked waveguide circulator are described. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first side and a second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a top and a bottom opposite the top. The top and the bottom may be adjacent to the first and second sides. The stacked waveguide circulator may also comprise a a first port and a second port on the first side. The first port may be vertically above the second port on the first side. Further, the stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a third port on the second side. The stacked waveguide circulator may comprise a first magnet on the top. The first magnet may be configured to assist in directing signals between the first, second, and third ports.

Abstract: An electronic component is mounted on a substrate so as to be in contact with a non-reciprocal circuit element. Therefore, there is no risk of the electronic component, which is arranged so as to be in contact with the non-reciprocal circuit element, being displaced as a result of being shifted by the magnetic force of permanent magnets included in the non-reciprocal circuit element and displacement of the electronic component as a result of being shifted by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets can be prevented. Therefore, since there is no risk of the electronic component being displaced by being shifted by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets, a space in which to mount a member that would function as an electromagnetic shield, such as a yoke, need not be provided on the substrate and the composite electronic module can be reduced in size and profile.

Abstract: A circuit module having reduced magnetic coupling between core isolators. A substrate body includes principal surfaces. A core isolator includes a ferrite, a permanent magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to the ferrite, a first center electrode provided for the ferrite and including one end connected to an input port and another end connected to an output port, and a second center electrode provided for the ferrite so as to intersect the first center electrode insulated from the second center electrode and that includes one end connected to the output port and another end connected to a ground port. The core isolator also includes no yokes preventing leakage of the DC magnetic field to the outside. The core isolators are mounted on the respective principal surfaces such that directions of the DC magnetic fields are parallel or substantially parallel to the principal surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a circuit assembly that includes an integrated circulator assembly. The circuit assembly has a first substrate, which contains a continuous circuit trace that includes a circulator component from the circulator assembly and at least one electrical component from the circuit assembly. A second substrate is disposed beneath the first substrate and includes a cladding on one surface. The second substrate contains an aperture that accepts a ferrite element, which is axially aligned with the circulator component of the circuit trace. A conductive material is placed across the ferrite element so that it forms a continuous ground plane with the cladding, which is common to the entire circuit trace. The circulator assembly also contains a magnet bonded to the ferrite element. The circulator assembly may also include a yoke disposed below the magnet to shield the circulator from external magnetic fields.

Abstract: In a composite electronic module, electronic components including magnetic substances are mounted on a substrate such that lines of magnetic force generated by a permanent magnet of a non-reciprocal circuit element are concentrated to the non-reciprocal circuit element side. Therefore, even when a metal yoke is omitted, for example, it is possible to reduce the number of lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet and which leak to the outside of the substrate, and hence to significantly reduce and prevent the influence of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet upon other electronic components that are arranged near or adjacent to the composite electronic module around the substrate.

Abstract: A circuit module having reduced magnetic coupling between core isolators. A substrate body includes principal surfaces. A core isolator includes a ferrite, a permanent magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to the ferrite, a first center electrode provided for the ferrite and including one end connected to an input port and another end connected to an output port, and a second center electrode provided for the ferrite so as to intersect the first center electrode insulated from the second center electrode and that includes one end connected to the output port and another end connected to a ground port. The core isolator also includes no yokes preventing leakage of the DC magnetic field to the outside. The core isolators are mounted on the respective principal surfaces such that directions of the DC magnetic fields are parallel or substantially parallel to the principal surface.

Abstract: In a circuit module in which a plurality of non-reciprocal circuit elements, each of which does not have a yoke, are mounted, the occurrence of magnetic coupling between the non-reciprocal circuit elements is significantly reduced and prevented. Core isolators are not arranged such that, in a state in which the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of magnetic flux are the same, the core isolators are aligned in the direction of the magnetic flux. Specifically, the core isolators generate the magnetic flux from left to right. The core isolators are aligned so as to be inclined relative to the magnetic flux. Thus, extension of the magnetic flux through the core isolator in a state of being directed in the same direction as that of the magnetic flux is significantly reduced and prevented.

Abstract: An isolator includes a core isolator mounted on a circuit board and including a ferrite and permanent magnets to apply a direct-current magnetic field to the ferrite, and includes no yoke for controlling the leakage of the direct-current magnetic field out of the isolator. Power amplifiers are arranged in a straight line along with the core isolator interposed therebetween. A metal case covers the core isolator and the power amplifiers. The heights of the power amplifiers are greater than that of the core isolator.

Abstract: In a composite electronic module, electronic components including magnetic substances are mounted on a substrate such that lines of magnetic force generated by a permanent magnet of a non-reciprocal circuit element are concentrated to the non-reciprocal circuit element side. Therefore, even when a metal yoke is omitted, for example, it is possible to reduce the number of lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet and which leak to the outside of the substrate, and hence to significantly reduce and prevent the influence of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet upon other electronic components that are arranged near or adjacent to the composite electronic module around the substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nonreciprocal device includes a first component portion serving a circulator and a second component portion serving a circulator. The first component portion includes: a first carrier; a first Y junction-shaped line including three branch lines; first, second and third lines respectively connected to the three branch lines of the first Y junction-shaped line; and fourth and fifth lines. The second component portion includes: a second carrier plate provided on a back surface of the first carrier plate; a second Y junction-shaped line including three branch lines; sixth, seventh and eighth lines respectively connected to the three branch lines of the second Y junction-shaped line, one of the sixth, seventh and eighth lines being connected to one of the first, second and third lines, the other two of the sixth, seventh and eighth lines being respectively connected to the fourth and fifth lines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electromagnetic wave circuit disruptor apparatus including: a biasable non-reciprocal device having terminals for receiving and transmitting the electromagnetic signals, a controllable biaser, a signal detector, and a controller connected to the signal detector and the controllable biaser to selectively reverse the bias of the controllable biaser. The energy level at the receiver terminal of the non-reciprocal device is monitored to detect a condition such as an inappropriate amount of power at a circuit, such as at a receiver circuit. When a failure mode is detected the bias of the controllable biaser is reversed, thus reversing the direction of the non-reciprocal device. Instead of flowing into the circuit, energy flows into a properly matched load on a provided terminal of the non-reciprocal device and is dissipated.