Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a first center electrode and a second center electrode intersecting each other, each having one end thereof grounded, a ferrimagnetic body provided in the vicinity of the first center electrode and the second center electrode, a magnet applying a magnetostatic field to the ferrimagnetic body, a series capacitor connected in series between the other end of the first center electrode and an input terminal and a series capacitor connected in series between the other end of the second center electrode and an output terminal, and a parallel capacitor connected in parallel between the other end of the first center electrode and a ground and a parallel capacitor connected in parallel between the other end of the second center electrode and the ground.

Abstract: A three-port nonreciprocal circuit device has a structure in which one end of a first center electrode is electrically connected to an input external terminal via an input port, and the other end thereof is electrically connected to a ground external terminal. One end of a second center electrode is electrically connected to an output external terminal via an output port. The second center electrode and a matching capacitor constitute an LC parallel resonator circuit. A series inductor is electrically connected between the LC parallel resonator circuit and the ground external terminal. One end of a circuit center electrode is electrically connected to a third port. A matching capacitor and a terminating resistor constitute a parallel RC circuit, which is electrically connected between the third port and ground.

Abstract: A circulator (100) is comprised of a transmission line three port Y junction (104). At least one substantially cylindrical cavity structure (113, 115 or 117) is disposed adjacent to the Y junction and contains a ferromagnetic fluid (114). One or more magnets (112) are provided for applying a magnetic field (118) to the ferromagnetic fluid and the Y junction in a direction normal to a plane defined by said Y junction. A composition processor (301) is provided for dynamically changing a volume or a composition of the ferromagnetic fluid in response to a control signal to selectively alter the operating regions of the circulator by varying the volume and/or permittivity and permeability of the ferromagnetic fluid.

Abstract: A two-port isolator includes a metal case including an upper metal case and a lower metal case, a permanent magnet, a central electrode assembly made of a ferrite and central electrodes, and a laminated substrate. In the central electrode assembly, the first and second central electrodes are disposed on the top surface of the disk-shaped microwave ferrite such that the first and second central electrodes intersect each other at right angles with an insulating layer therebetween. The electrode width of the first central electrode is different from the electrode width of the second central electrode. Thus, the inductance of the first central electrode and the inductance of the second central electrode are different from each other.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element includes a magnetic plate, a common electrode on a first surface of the magnetic plate, and first, second, and third central conductors each including a pair of divisions. The three central conductors extend from the common electrode, are bent along the magnetic plate towards a second surface of the magnetic plate, and cross one another on the second surface of the magnetic plate at a predetermined angle relative to one another. The first and second central conductors are connected to input and output terminals. The nonreciprocal circuit element satisfies the relationship &thgr;1>&thgr;2, where &thgr;1 is the angle between the divisions of the first central conductor and &thgr;2 is the angle between the divisions of the second central conductor, when the first central conductor is farther away from the magnetic plate than the second central conductor.

Abstract: To provide a nonreciprocal circuit device which is compact and capable of obtaining a large attenuation in a specified frequency band without increasing the cost, and provided with at least a built-in inductor for a filter, a nonreciprocal circuit constituted together with the nonreciprocal circuit device, and a communication device using the circuit, central conductors are disposed in a ferrite to which the DC magnetic field is applied in an intersecting manner with each other, matching capacitors are respectively connected between port sections of the central conductors and a ground to constitute a nonreciprocal circuit, a solenoid-shaped inductor is connected between the port section of the central conductor and a signal input/output terminal, and the inductor is disposed in a relationship so that the direction of the magnetic flux which is generated by this inductor and passes through the ferrite is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the DC magnetic field to the ferrite.

Abstract: In an isolator, a common electrode is disposed on a first surface of a magnetic plate. On a second surface of the magnetic plate, first, second, and third center conductors are disposed crossing each other. The center conductors have their respective first ends connected to the common electrode, and their respective second ends connected to matching capacitors. Furthermore, the second end of the third center conductor is connected to a terminating resistor. The matching capacitor connected to the third center conductor has a Q factor of 200 or smaller and a capacitance of 18 pF or larger. The matching capacitors connected to the first and second center conductors respectively have Q factors of 400 or larger.

Abstract: A non-reversible circuit device includes input-output terminals formed on one end side of first, second, and third central conductors, respectively. The other ends thereof are introduced to one surface of a laminated substrate to form ground terminals. A ferrimagnetic member has electrode portions and is disposed on the one surface of the laminated substrate, so that the ground terminals are connected to the electrode portions. Thus, the ground terminals of the central conductors can be positioned so as not to project from the ferrimagnetic member. Thus, the laminated substrate can be reduced in size.

Abstract: An above resonance circulator/isolator and method for manufacturing the same is described. In one implementation, the above resonance circulator/isolator includes a magnet, a spacer, a single ferrite element and a center conductor. The center conductor is sandwiched between the magnet and the single ferrite element with the spacer interposed between the magnet and the center conductor.

Abstract: An above resonance circulator/isolator and method for manufacturing the same is described. In one implementation, the above resonance circulator/isolator includes a magnet, a spacer, a single ferrite element, a center conductor and a pole piece. The center conductor is sandwiched between the magnet and the single ferrite element with the spacer interposed between the magnet and the center conductor. The pole piece is coupled to the single ferrite element, such that the single ferrite element is sandwiched between the center conductor and the pole piece. Magnetic shielding is not necessary in particular implementations.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element with reduced insertion loss and excellent manufacturability is provided. The nonreciprocal circuit element includes first, second, and third central conductors 5, 6, and 7 located on a ferrite member 4 on different planes in a vertical direction with dielectric bodies sandwiched therebetween so that parts thereof cross each other in the vertical direction, a first yoke 1 arranged so as to cover a magnet 2, a second yoke 3 that constitutes a magnetic closed circuit together with the first yoke 1, and an insulating base 8 made of a molded synthetic resin for positioning the ferrite member 4. A plurality of input and output terminals 9 and 10 made of a material having a smaller electric resistance than that of the second yoke 3 is mounted in the insulating base 8. As a result, it is possible to obtain a nonreciprocal circuit element with reduced insertion loss compared to the conventional nonreciprocal circuit design.

Abstract: A garnet ferrite used for a non-reciprocal circuit device contains Fe in an amount lower than the value derived from stoichiometry by 0.5% to 5%, and more preferably by 1% to 3%. The garnet ferrite can exhibit a low insertion loss in a high-frequency band of more than 5 MHz.

Abstract: A high-frequency circuit device includes a distribution circuit (16) for distributing a signal inputted from a signal input terminal (20) to a plurality of first lines (16b) through a branch portion (16a), a synthetic circuit (18) for combining signals inputted from a plurality of second lines (18b) into one through a combined portion (18a) as an output signal and outputting it from a signal output terminal (22), transistors (14) respectively placed between the first lines (16b) of the distribution circuit (16) and the second lines (18b) of the synthetic circuit (18), and Isolators (24) respectively connected between the transistors (14) and the signal input terminal (20) and between the transistors (14) and the signal output terminal (22).

Abstract: A high-frequency magnetic ceramic comprises garnet ferrite represented by the formula AZB8-ZO12 wherein the site A comprises yttrium and the site B comprises iron, where Z is in the range of more than 3.00 to 3.09. The relative density of the high-frequency magnetic ceramic is at least 95%, the average grain diameter is at least 3 &mgr;m, and the 3&sgr; value of the grain diameters is 2 &mgr;m or less wherein &sgr; represents the standard deviation of the grain diameters. A high-frequency circuit component includes microwave magnetic composites composed of the high-frequency magnetic ceramic and central electrodes that are mutually insulated.

Abstract: A circulator includes: a conductive launching disk; at least two ferrite disks sandwiched about the launching disk; and at least two electromagnets (e.g., flat coils) sandwiched about the ferrite disks. Such a circulator can be used with a controller to selectively: control current flow through the electromagnets so as to induce through the launching disk a first magnetic field (resulting in a first direction of rotation) or a second magnetic field, substantially opposite to the first field (resulting in a second direction of rotation opposite the first rotation direction); and/or substantially prevent current flow through the electromagnets (substantially preventing rotation). A corresponding switching system includes: at least a first device, a second device and a third device; a selectively reversible circulator having at least three ports connected to the first, second and third devices, respectively; and a controller operable to change the rotation exhibited by the circulator.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device including a metal case through which a high frequency current is difficult to flow, and a communication apparatus incorporating the nonreciprocal circuit device. The cross section of the metal case has a rectangular-frame shape formed by inwardly bending a substantially rectangular metal plate at four positions at angles of 90 degrees in parallel to the short edges of the metal plate. The top ends of two arms of the metal case are opposed to each other at a specified distance. As a result, the metal case does not form a loop around a permanent magnet and a central electrode assembly.

Abstract: A compact non-reciprocal circuit device capable of handling a high power without impairment of the characteristics. The non-reciprocal circuit device contains a magnetic substrate that exhibits anisotropic behavior by application of a direct-current magnetic field. On the surface of the substrate, strip-lines are disposed at an angle, being insulated with each other. One end of each strip-line is grounded, and the other end of each is connected through a capacitor to a ground. Of the ends connecting the capacitors, one end connects to a termination resistor; the remaining ends connect each to an input terminal and an output terminal. The non-reciprocal circuit device exhibits non-reciprocal characteristics between the input and output terminals. The case of the device contains an insulating thermal conductor that serves as a heat-radiator for the termination resistor and the strip-lines.

Abstract: Two fixed-phase-related signals of arbitrary (unequal) magnitude are combined without incurring combining loss by use of a signal reflection technique wherein the higher magnitude signal is phase-synchronously reinforced along its path through the combining system. In a specific embodiment, two signal sources are fed as equal phase signals through respective counter-rotating circulators to a four-port first combiner, wherein the first output port of the combiner is provided with a one-eighth wavelength phase delay to a termination and the second output port is directly terminated, so that reflected signals as seen at both input ports return exactly in phase and of equal magnitude to one another. Thereupon the reflected signals are directed by the respective circulators as phase-synchronized signals to a second combiner which combines the phase synchronized signals into a common output signal. The resultant output is the sum of the inputs irrespective of relative magnitudes of the inputs.

Abstract: A circulator (100) is comprised of a transmission line three port Y junction (104). At least one cylindrical cavity structure (113, 115) is disposed adjacent to the Y junction and contains a ferromagnetic fluid (114). One or more magnets (112) are provided for applying a magnetic field (118) to the ferromagnetic fluid and the Y junction in a direction normal to a plane defined by said Y junction. A composition processor (301) is provided for dynamically changing a composition of the ferromagnetic fluid in response to a control signal to vary the permittivity and permeability of the ferromagnetic fluid.

Abstract: A generally Y-shaped ferrite power divider for transferring an RF input from an input port to either one of two outlet ports or to both outlet ports in an equal or unequal fashion. The input port and the two output ports meet at a junction. An internal magnetic return is positioned in the junction and is in communication with an upper magnetic return and a lower magnetic return. An upper ferrite puck is positioned at the junction above the internal magnetic return and a lower ferrite puck is positioned at the junction below the internal magnetic return.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device and a communication device having a nonreciprocal circuit device in which each end portion of each center electrode in the bottom layer of a multilayer-electrode structure on a surface of ferrite is thickened by forming a filled-in electrode in an opening in first and second insulating films on the upper surface of the end portion of the center electrode in the bottom layer. Each end portion of each center electrode in the second layer is thickened by forming a filled-in electrode in an opening in the second insulating film on the upper surface of the end portion of the center electrode in the second layer. Each end portion of each center electrode in the top layer (third layer) is thickened by forming a filled-in electrode in an opening in the second insulating film on the lower surface of the end portion of the center electrode in the top layer.

Abstract: Circulator unit comprising a first member (1) in a first dielectric layer (3) and a second member (2) in second dielectric layer (4) both members being of ferro-electric material and arranged adjacent to one another, a conductive circulator pattern (10) printed on the first or second member and arranged between the first and the second member. The first substrate extends beyond the second substrate on an area where a first set of terminals is provided rendering the first set of terminals accessible. The second member extends beyond the first member on an area where a second set of terminals is provided rendering the second set of terminals accessible. The unit comprises first (7) and second ground (8) conductors arranged on each side of the first and second members and furthermore comprises at least one magnet (5, 6) or coil for providing magnetic field through the first and second member.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a plate-shaped magnetic member; a common electrode arranged on one side of the plate-shaped magnetic member; first, second, and third center conductors which extend in three directions from the outer peripheral portion of the common electrode in such a manner as to surround the plate-shaped magnetic member, which are bent on the other side of the plate-shaped magnetic member, and which intersect one another at predetermined angles on the other side; and a bias magnet arranged in such a manner as to oppose the plate-shaped magnetic member. The conductor width of at least portions of the first and second center conductors is less than 150 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An electronic circuit unit having a circulator is formed of a circuit board made by laminating a plurality of dielectric substrates; first, second, and third central conductors disposed at intervals of 120 degrees on a plurality of dielectric substrates and partially intersecting in the upper and lower directions; a magnet and a ferrite member disposed above and below the intersection of the central conductors; a first yoke 10 covering the outside of the magnet; and a second yoke 11 covering the outside of the ferrite member. One end of each of the central conductors serves as an input and output terminal, and the ends are disposed at intervals of 120 degrees. Adjacent input and output terminals are connected by inductive elements.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a metal casing (upper and lower casing members), a permanent magnet, a center electrode assembly, and a multilayer substrate. The multilayer substrate has terminal electrodes that protrude therefrom and includes a resistance element and matching capacitor elements. The terminal electrodes of the multilayer substrate are fabricated by providing through holes in constraining layers and, after firing, removing the constraining layers except for the through holes. The bottom section of the lower metal casing member is arranged among the terminal electrodes. A ground electrode that covers substantially the entire lower surface of the multilayer substrate is electrically connected to the bottom section of the lower metal casing member. The height of the protrusions of the terminal electrodes extending from the lower surface of the multilayer substrate is substantially equal to a thickness (about 0.1 mm to about 0.2 mm) of the lower metal casing member.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element includes a lower metallic case, a resin terminal case, a ferrite, a center conductor, an upper metallic case, a permanent magnet, matching capacitor elements and other elements. The center conductor includes center electrodes each having two lines extending from a ground electrode. The height of the top surface of each of the matching capacitor elements is lower than that of the top surface of the ferrite. Simultaneously, in at least one of the center electrodes disposed on the side surface of the ferrite, the edge thereof is located closer to the capacitor electrode of the corresponding matching capacitor element than the other edge thereof. Also, in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the height direction of the ferrite, the bottom surface of the one edge is located farther away from the capacitor electrode of the corresponding matching capacitor element than the top surface thereof.

Abstract: A center electrode assembly installed in a lumped-constant isolator includes a ferrite member having a substantially rectangular shape and three central conductors. Each of the central conductors includes a grounded leg portion which extends upward from a ground plate provided at the bottom surface of the ferrite along a side surface of the ferrite, which is bent at an upper ridge portion of the ferrite, and which extends on the top surface of the ferrite. The grounded leg portion of each of the central conductors is bent such that the grounded leg portion is substantially perpendicular to the upper ridge portion of the ferrite, and angular points of the central conductors, the angular points determining the crossing angle of the central conductors, are positioned on the top surface of the ferrite.

Abstract: A concentrated constant type isolator includes an upper member, a lower member, a resin case, a center electrode assembly, a permanent magnet, a resistor element, matching capacitor elements, and a resin member. By setting the electrostatic capacitance value of the matching capacitor element on the input terminal side and that on the output terminal side to appropriate values, the reflection loss characteristic of the concentrated constant type isolator is set such that the center frequency in a pass band is located between the frequency at which the input-side reflection loss becomes a maximum value and the frequency at which the output-side reflection loss becomes a maximum value, and such that the frequency at which insertion loss becomes the minimum value is close to the center frequency, whereby the standard of the insertion loss is satisfied.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device comprising a plurality of central conductors 11a-11c overlapping with electric insulation from each other at 120°, a magnetic body 12 disposed in contact with or close to the central conductors 11a-11c, matching capacitors, a permanent magnet 3 disposed for applying a DC magnetic field to the central conductors 11a-11c and the magnetic body 12, and metal cases 1, 2 for receiving these parts and serving as a magnetic yoke, at least the matching capacitors being integrally constituted by a laminate module 5 having a substantially flat lower surface, and the laminate module 5 being disposed on a flat surface of a composite base 6 comprising an insulation member and conductor plates.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes first, second, and third central conductors, which are formed of thin films or thick films. Each of the first, second, and third central conductors includes a first extended portion which extends from one end of the corresponding central conductor and which is disposed on a side surface of the ferrite part and a second extended portion which extends from the other end of the corresponding central conductor and which is disposed on the side surface of the ferrite part. The adjacent first and second extended portions face each other with a second dielectric part formed of a thin film or a thick film disposed therebetween, and hence a capacitor is formed between the adjacent first and second extended portions. Without using known chip capacitors, the capacitors are thinly formed, leading to reduction in cost and size of the non-reciprocal circuit element.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a resin case, and external terminals insert-molded with the resin case when the resin case is molded, so as to project from the resin case. The resin case is provided with concavities each formed in a bottom face of the resin case and enclosing a position at which each external terminal projects. During insert molding, any excess resin is absorbed by the concavities, whereby the resin is prevented from being applied to bottom faces of the external terminals.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device includes a lower metal case, a terminal resin case, a central-electrode assembly, an upper metal case, and a permanent magnet. The central-electrode assembly includes a ferrite to which a dc magnetic field is applied by the permanent magnet, and central electrodes disposed around the ferrite. The terminal resin case includes two sets of opposing side walls and a bottom wall, and cut surfaces formed when a lead frame is separated are provided in one set of side walls, respectively. Terminals for surface mounting are provided on another set of side walls which is different from the one set of side walls.

Abstract: In a non-reciprocal circuit element according to the present invention, a common electrode is disposed on one surface of a plate-like magnetic material, three central conductors protruding in respective directions from the periphery of the common electrode are folded over the other surface of the plate-like magnetic material so as to wrap around the plate-like magnetic material, and the central conductors cross each other at a predetermined angle on the other surface of the plate-like magnetic material. One of the central conductors that functions as an input is disposed in a position closer to the other surface of the plate-like magnetic material as compared with the other central conductors and directly contacts the plate-like magnetic material.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device is provided which has an improved reflection characteristic of the port of the center conductor which is disposed parallel with one side of a magnetic body. In this nonreciprocal circuit device, a magnetic assembly is formed by disposing three center conductors on a magnetic body having a rectangular parallelepiped planar shape. The conductor width of one center conductor which is disposed parallel with one side of the magnetic body is made wider than that of each of the two other center conductors.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device and a communication apparatus using the same are provided. According to the nonreciprocal circuit device, without increasing the size of a housing for the nonreciprocal circuit device, a high-frequency component to be provided in the housing can be easily and securely mounted. Central conductors are arranged so as to mutually intersect; each of matching capacitors is connected to a portion between each of ports of the central conductors and each of ground terminals; and a nonreciprocal circuit is thereby configured. A resistor is premounted on a substrate. In this state, the substrate is installed in a resin housing.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a laminate include a magnetic substrate composed of a ferromagnetic material, a permanent-magnet substrate laminated on the magnetic substrate, and a plurality of central conductors dispose on one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the magnetic substrate, a yoke integrated into the laminate, and a network formed within the laminate and electrically connected to any one of the plurality of central conductors.

Abstract: In a complex circuit board, the positional relationships between element portions, including an electrode pattern, a dielectric substrate and a magnetic substrate, can be adjusted as desired, and the complex circuit board can be miniaturized. The complex circuit board includes a dielectric substrate and a magnetic substrate, a space being provided between the magnetic substrate and the dielectric substrate, and an electrode pattern provided between the dielectric substrate and the magnetic substrate, a capacitance element portion of the electrode pattern being provided adjacent or in contact with or spaced a predetermined distance from the dielectric substrate, and the inductance element portion of the electrode pattern being provided adjacent or in contact with or spaced a predetermined distance from the magnetic substrate.

Abstract: An irreversible circuit device with small insertion loss and excellent isolation is to be provided. An irreversible circuit device according to the invention has a flat plate shaped ferrite member and first, second and third central conductors placed on the ferrite member. In the central conductors, second conductor parts are placed on the ferrite member as input or output first conductor parts are placed on notch parts of the ferrite member. Therefore, when a magnetic flux passes through V-shaped extension parts as a magnetic path, the current generation is reduced and the energy transmission is increased in the first conductor part placed therebetween. Consequently, the insertion loss is reduced, and the isolation becomes excellent.

Abstract: A circulator is used as a notch filter having a notch at a notch frequency band outside its frequency band of operation as a circulator. It has been observed that circulators operate as a notch filter at a relatively narrow band of operation outside its typical band of operation as a circulator. In certain embodiments, the circulator operates as a narrowband notch filter with sharp edges. Such a notch filter can be used between frequency bands carrying communications signals to reduce energy from one frequency band from spilling into a different frequency band. Since the notch has been observed to be relatively narrow and deep with sharp edges, such a notch filter can be used to reduce the guard bands between frequency bands, thereby increasing the amount of bandwidth that can de used to transmit communications signals. Furthermore, since a typical ferrite circulator is a relatively low cost component, the resulting notch filter can also be of low cost.

Abstract: A concentrated constant, non-reciprocal device comprising a permanent magnet for applying a DC magnetic field to a ferrimagnetic body, an assembly in which at least a part of a plurality of center conductors one end of which serves as a common terminal and the other of which serves as a first input/output terminal is wound on or embedded in the ferrimagnetic body, a plurality of second input/output terminals, a plurality of impedance converting circuits connected between the second input/output terminals and the first input/output terminals, respectively, and a plurality of load capacitors connected between the first input/output terminals and the common terminals, respectively. The input impedance Zi of the corresponding first input/output terminal at the operating center frequency and an external impedance Zo connected with the corresponding second input/output terminal satisfy 0.05≦Zi/Zo≦0.9.

Abstract: A three-port nonreciprocal circuit device has a structure in which one end of a first center electrode is electrically connected to an input external terminal via an input port, and the other end thereof is electrically connected to a ground external terminal. One end of a second center electrode is electrically connected to an output external terminal via an output port. The second center electrode and a matching capacitor constitute an LC parallel resonator circuit. A series inductor is electrically connected between the LC parallel resonator circuit and the ground external terminal. One end of a circuit center electrode is electrically connected to a third port. A matching capacitor and a terminating resistor constitute a parallel RC circuit, which is electrically connected between the third port and ground.

Abstract: An isolator (a nonreciprocal circuit device) includes a magnetic assembly defined by center conductors for an input port, for an output port, and for a terminating port, and a ferrite member, a permanent magnet, and a spacer, all of which are provided in a housing. A series capacitor and a parallel capacitor are connected to the center conductor for the input port. A parallel capacitor is connected to the center conductor for the output port. A parallel capacitor and a resistor, which defines a terminating resistor, are connected to the center conductor for the terminating port. The center conductor for the input port has a width greater than that of the other center conductors. Thus, the characteristic impedance and the inductance of the center conductor for the input port are reduced to provide a wide operating frequency band. An equivalent series resistance is reduced to achieve a reduction in loss.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device in which a common electrode is arranged on a plate-shaped magnetic material, three center conductors which extend in three directions from the common electrode are bent in such a manner as to cover the plate-shaped magnetic substance, the center conductors intersect one another at a predetermined angle, capacitors are each connected to one end of each of the center conductors, wherein the capacitance of one of the center capacitors is larger than the capacitance of the other center conductor.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element has a yoke including a top yoke component and a bottom yoke component. The yoke includes a magnetic plate, line conductors, capacitor chips disposed around the magnetic plate, and a magnet for applying a bias magnetic field. The line conductors intersect on the main surface of the magnetic plate. Each end of the line conductors is connected to the corresponding capacitor chip. The magnet has a major axis and a minor axis, and further has a convex surface on at least one peripheral portion thereof.

Abstract: A two-port isolator capable of suppressing propagation of the second harmonic wave (2f) or the third harmonic wave (3f) of the used frequency f includes a parallel RC circuit, which includes a first matching capacitor and a resistor, and the parallel RC circuit is electrically connected between an input port P1 and an output port P2. A series resonant circuit including a second matching capacitor and an inductor is electrically connected between the output port P2 and ground. The resonant frequency of the series resonant circuit is set between the frequencies of the second and third harmonic waves.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element has matching capacitors, each disposed between an I/O port and ground. Each matching capacitor has a dielectric substrate and first buffer layers, second buffer layers, and main lead layers formed on both surfaces of the dielectric substrate by dry thin-film deposition, in that order. For example, a Ni—Cr alloy, a Ni—Cu alloy, and Ag are used for the first buffer layers, the second buffer layers, and the main lead layers, respectively. The matching capacitors can solve the problems arising from the electrodes of known capacitors, and thus the non-reciprocal circuit element and communication devices using the capacitors can have excellent electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element has a metallic component and a resin component combined with the metallic component. Connection electrodes are integrated with the resin component. A permanent magnet is disposed in a region defined by the metallic component. Center electrodes are disposed in a region defined by the resin component and the metallic component. The center electrodes are connected to the connection electrodes with solder (colored gray). The resin component is formed of a white liquid crystalline polymer and the connection electrodes are plated with silver. The connection electrodes and the resin component, therefore, have light reflectances higher than that of the solder. By setting a threshold for binarization between the level of the reflection at the solder and the level of the reflection at the connection electrodes, the amount of applied soldering paste can be determined with an image analyzer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a circulator comprising the steps of providing a central substrate layer with at least one cut-out section and circuit lines. Next, providing a magnet placed within said cut-out section and a ferrite placed on each side of said substrate layer. A steel plate is placed on each side of the substrate layer. Spacer layers are provided on each side of the substrate layer. Another shim layer is placed on each side of the central substrate layer. Laminate sheets are placed between the substrate layer, the spacer layers, and the outer shim layers. Holes are drilled through each of the substrate, the spacer layers, the outer shims, and the laminate sheets. Heat and pressure are provided to cause the laminate sheets to flow in order to join the substrate, magnets, ferrites, steel plates, spacer layers and outer shim layers into a unitary structure. Finally the structure is plated.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device is provided which prevents the center conductors thereof from interfering with each other when folded toward a magnetic body even when the magnetic body has a rectangle shape in plan view, and which thereby increases the reliability of the bonding portion between the center conductor coupling portion and capacitors or input/output terminals, and a communication device using the same is further provided. A ferrite having a rectangle shape in plan view is placed on the coupling portion of the center conductors, and a magnetic assembly is constructed by folding the center conductors extending from the coupling portion outward so as to wrap the ferrite. At this time, the port portions of the center conductors extending from the coupling portion outward substantially line-symmetrically are formed asymmetrically with each other so as not to mutually interfere when these center conductors are folded toward the magnetic body.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element according to the present invention comprises at least three center electrodes which are superposed and arranged so as to intersect with each other. A capacitor connected to one end of the center electrodes in parallel is provided. Earth electrodes connected to the other ends of the center electrodes and arranged between center electrodes at least one by one are provided. The electrical isolation layers arranged between the center electrodes and the earth electrodes, respectively are provided. A ferrite member arranged adjacent to the center electrodes is provided. A magnet for applying a direct current magnetic field to the ferrite member is provided. A yoke material combined with the ferrite member and the magnet to constitute a magnetic circuit is provided.