Abstract: A directional coupler includes: a hollow coaxial line including a central conductor forming a main line and an outer conductor surrounding the central conductor and having an opening formed therein; a dielectric substrate covering the opening and provided with film-shaped ground conductors, wherein a film-shaped ground conductor covers a rear surface of the dielectric substrate facing the central conductor via the opening and a film-shaped ground conductor covers a front surface of the dielectric substrate, respectively, and are grounded; and a coupling line provided on the rear surface of the dielectric substrate in a region surrounded by the ground conductor formed on the rear surface and serving as an auxiliary line, wherein the ground conductor formed on the front surface is provided with a conductor-removed portion in which a portion of a conductor film in a region facing the coupling line via the dielectric substrate is removed.

Abstract: An antenna array is provided that includes a plurality of radiating elements and one or more combiners. The plurality of radiating elements and the combiners are formed as a single indivisible metal element by use of additive manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Provided is a mount component that is for forming a directional coupler consisting of a main line and a sub line. Out of the main line and the sub line, only the sub line is formed on or in the mount component. The main line is formed on or in a mounting substrate on which the mount component is mounted and is not formed on or in the mount component. When the mount component is mounted on the mounting substrate, the main line and the sub line electromagnetically couple with each other and as a result a directional coupler is formed.

Abstract: In one example, a signal processing circuit including a directional coupler and a termination part is disclosed. The directional coupler includes a main line as a transmission path of an RF signal and a sub-line constituting a coupled line together with the main line. The termination part includes devices connectable between ground and a first port at an end of the sub-line. The signal processing circuit switches, depending on a frequency of the RF signal, the devices of the termination part to be connected to the first port. The phase of a return signal of a signal input as a coupling signal to the termination part via the first port is opposite to the phase of an isolation signal supplied to a second port at the other end of the sub-line and connected to an output port of the coupling signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coupler apparatus includes a plurality of couplers, each having a coupled port and an isolation port. The coupler apparatus includes an output port configured to provide a coupled signal from one or more of the plurality of couplers, and a number of selection control inputs. Each of the selection control inputs is configured to control one or more switches to select an individual one of the plurality of couplers to provide at least a portion of the coupled signal at the output port.

Abstract: A circuit with co-matching topology for transmitting and receiving RF signals for return loss improvement, wherein when transmitting RF signals, the LNA is turned off and the capacitance of an adjustable capacitive component is adjusted for transmitting RF signals, and when receiving RF signals, the power amplifier and the adjustable capacitive component are turned off, wherein a matching network is designed in favor of the LNA for receiving RF signals while the adjustable capacitive component can adjust the overall impedance of the circuit including the matching network that is also used when transmitting RF signals and the adjustable capacitive component for improving the transmitting return loss.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication device is described comprising an antenna, a signal path for supplying a signal to the antenna, two directional couplers arranged within the signal path, wherein each directional coupler is coupled to an adjustable impedance defining the characteristic impedance of the directional coupler, a controller configured to set, for each of a plurality of impedances, the adjustable impedances of the directional couplers to the impedance, a return loss measurement circuit configured to determine, for each of the plurality of impedances, a return loss of the signal path when the adjustable impedances of the directional couplers are set to the impedance and a load impedance determination circuit configured to determine a load impedance of the signal path based on the determined return losses.

Abstract: A continuously manually or remotely adjustable microwave attenuator and linear phase shifter uses a mobile signal coupler (wave-probe) and a slabline structure terminated with 50 Ohms. The coupled port of the wave-probe is connected with the output port of the unit using flexible RF cable. The wave-probe is attached to the vertical axis of a mobile carriage, which is moved at variable distance from the input port, corresponding to the expected transmission phase, whereas the depth, at which the wave-probe is inserted into the slabline, determines the coupling factor and thus the value of the attenuation. Amplifier and low pass filters compensate for coupling loss and equalize for frequency slope.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reconfigurable directional coupler with a variable coupling factor that can be changed in value as a function of a desired transmit band of operation. The reconfigurable directional coupler includes a primary inductive segment, secondary inductive segments, and switch circuitry configured to change the total coupling capacitance formed between the primary and secondary inductive segments by selectively switching the secondary inductive segments into the secondary signal path. Simultaneously, the mutual inductance and coupling factor between the primary and the secondary inductive segments are reconfigured.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention describe an apparatus and method to combine unequal powers. The apparatus includes a first input port, a second input port, and a combiner. The first input port is operably connected to a first power amplifier and is configured to receive a first power from the first power amplifier. The second input port is operably connected to a second power amplifier and is configured to receive a second power from the second power amplifier. The combiner is configured to simultaneously receive the first power from the first input port and the second power from the second input port. The combiner is also configured to combine the first power and second power to produce a maximized power. The first power and second power are unequal.

Abstract: A guided wave applicator comprising two electrically conductive waveguide walls and a waveguide dielectric. The volume of the waveguide dielectric is composed of non-gaseous dielectric material and is positioned between the two waveguide walls. The waveguide dielectric includes first and second longitudinal ends and includes first, second, third and fourth sides extending longitudinally between the two longitudinal ends. The first waveguide wall is positioned so that it covers the first side of the waveguide dielectric, and the second waveguide wall is positioned so that it covers the second side of the waveguide dielectric. In operation, electrical power can be supplied to one or both longitudinal ends of the waveguide dielectric, whereby the power can be coupled to a plasma through the exposed sides of the waveguide dielectric.

Abstract: There is provided apparatus for propagation of a wireless signal through a barrier comprising a first antenna for location on a first side of the barrier, a second antenna for location on a second side of the barrier and a waveguide. The waveguide comprises a conducting member passing through the barrier between the first and second sides. The conducting member is held within an insulator sleeve such that it is spaced from a surrounding metal wall of the waveguide. A wireless signal received by the waveguide on the first side of the barrier is transmitted through the barrier by Transverse Electro-Magnetic (TEM) mode propagation along the waveguide is re-radiated on the second side.

Abstract: An improved nondirectional radiofrequency power divider is characterized by the following features: —having an outer conductor (1) and/or outer conductor housing (1?), with a first inner conductor (11), wherein the first inner conductor (11) runs in the outer conductor (1) or in the outer conductor housing (1?), —with a second inner conductor (13), wherein the second inner conductor (13) runs in the space (15) which is formed between the first inner conductor (11) and the outer conductor (1) or the outer conductor housing (1?), —the second inner conductor (13) is electrically connected to a branch line running away therefrom or is provided therewith, the second inner conductor (13) is relatively adjustable and/or positionable in terms of the distance of said second inner conductor from the first inner conductor (11) and/or in terms of the distance of said inner conductor from the outer conductor (1) or from the outer conductor housing (1?) so as to effect a variable power distribution.

Abstract: The present invention features a broadband radio frequency (RF) device in the form of a power splitter. A broadband spiral transmission line power divider is used to divide power into two powers with a constant phase difference between the two divided powers. The power divider produces large bandwidths.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a directional coupler includes a coupler circuit and at least one amplifier coupled between a coupler circuit isolated port and a directional coupler isolated port and/or between a coupler circuit coupled port and a directional coupler coupled port. In various embodiments, the directional coupler is disposed over and/or in a substrate.

Abstract: An adjustable directional coupler circuit includes a directional coupler and a correction circuit. The directional coupler includes a first port for receiving an input signal; a second port for outputting the input signal to a load; a third port for outputting a first coupled signal including a desired first coupled signal proportional to forward power of the input signal and an extraneous first coupled signal proportional to reverse power of a reflected signal; and a fourth port for outputting a second coupled signal including a desired second coupled signal proportional to the reverse power and an extraneous second coupled signal proportional to the forward power. The correction circuit adjusts magnitude and phase of a sample of the second coupled signal to provide an adjusted second coupled signal, and to sum the adjusted second coupled signal and the first coupled signal to cancel the extraneous first coupled signal.

Abstract: A device according to one embodiment includes a variable-capacitor-tuned isolation tuning circuit having a directional coupler having an input port, an output port, an isolation port, and a coupling port. The variable-capacitor-tuned isolation tuning circuit also has and a tunable capacitor coupled in shunt to the coupling port of the directional coupler.

Abstract: Embodiments of coupler systems (10) include a directional coupler (12), a tuning element (14a, 14b), and an actuator (16a, 16b). The coupler (12) is configured to split an input signal into two output signals or, alternatively, to combine two input signals into a single output. The tuning element (14a, 14b) is a capacitive device that allows the frequency response of the coupler (12) to be varied, so that the coupler (12) can be tuned to a particular frequency or range of frequencies at a given operating condition. The actuator (16a, 16b) generates a mechanical force that actuates tuning element (14a, 14b).

Abstract: Active directional couplers are provided. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the subject active directional couplers are tunable. The tuning is accomplished via varactors connected to the lines of the active directional couplers. Active directional elements are provided between different lines of the subject active directional couplers to control a signal path between ports of the different lines. The active directional elements are selected from diodes, transistors, inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and active baluns. The lines include a phase shift element between the two ports of each line. The phase shift element is selected from a transmission line, a delay line, and a phase shifter. Advantageously, the subject lines do not have to be designed for ideal phase shifting and can be designed at near 90° or near ?/4 values.

Abstract: This invention describes a method by which the output power of a circuit or system at any point can be efficiently and cost effectively sampled in a simple and broadband fashion for processing in a closed loop system for applications such as power level control in very broadband circuits. A divider circuit consisting of a selection of passive lumped elements is used to create a very broadband means of sampling the RF power level at any point in a transmission line. Unlike prior art schemes of this nature, this circuit does not rely upon extremely accurate element values and minimization of parasitic reactances. Used in conjunction with a balanced detector-logarithmic or other amplifier combination this invention result in a very broadband low cost simplified realization of the traditional costly bandwidth limited directional coupler-detector combination.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to hybrid couplers for radio frequency (RF) signals. The hybrid coupler includes a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port, a first inductive element connected from the first port to the third port, and a second inductive element connected from the second port to the fourth port. The hybrid coupler further includes a first capacitive element and a second capacitive element. The first capacitive element is connected between an intermediary node of the first inductive element and either the first port or the third port, while the second capacitive element is coupled between an intermediary node of the second inductive element and either the second port or the fourth port. Accordingly, the first capacitive element and a portion of the first inductive element and the second capacitive element and a portion of the second capacitive element each form a harmonic trap.

Abstract: A directional coupler includes a dielectric substrate having at least an input terminal and an output terminal on a surface thereof, a main line disposed in the dielectric substrate and extending between the input terminal and the output terminal, a first coupling line for monitoring a level of an input signal which is input through the input terminal, the first coupling line being disposed in the dielectric substrate and having an end electrically connected to a first terminating resistor, and a second coupling line for monitoring a level of a reflected signal which is input through the output terminal, the second coupling line being disposed in the dielectric substrate and having an end electrically connected to a second terminating resistor.

Abstract: A programmable directional coupler to detect incident power and possibly reflected power is disclosed. The programmable directional coupler includes first and second inductors and at least one adjustable capacitor. The first inductor is coupled between first and second nodes, and the second inductor is coupled between third and fourth nodes of the programmable directional coupler. The second inductor is magnetically coupled to the first inductor and has a mutual inductance with the first inductor. The at least one adjustable capacitor is coupled between the first and second inductors. The programmable directional coupler may further include at least one fixed or adjustable capacitor coupled between at least one node among the first, second, third and fourth nodes and circuit ground. The programmable directional coupler may further include an adjustable resistor coupled between the fourth node and circuit ground.

Abstract: This disclosure includes embodiments of a tunable hybrid coupler. The tunable hybrid coupler includes a first inductive element having a first inductance, a second inductive element having a second inductance and mutually coupled to the first inductive element, a first variable capacitive element having a first variable capacitance, and a second variable capacitance having a second variable capacitance. The first variable capacitive element is coupled between a first port and a second port. The second variable capacitive element is coupled between a third port and a fourth port. The first inductive element is coupled from the first port to the third port, while the second inductive element is coupled from the second port to the fourth port. Accordingly, the tunable hybrid coupler may form an impedance matching network that is tunable to different RF communication bands. The tunable hybrid coupler may thus be included in a tunable RF duplexer.

Abstract: A directional coupler is disclosed integrated on a single chip and an integrated circuit based on a standard CMOS process and relates to a field of radio frequency communication. In exemplary implementations, by using a standard CMOS process technology, the directional coupler integrated by a CMOS process is formed by a coil winded by a upper layer of metal lines, a coil winded by a lower layer of metal lines, two tuning capacitor array, and a matching resistor. Two terminals of the coil are a direct terminal and an input terminal; two terminals of the coil are a coupled terminal and an isolation terminal; the terminals of the coils and are intersected at 90°; the coil is winded by an upper metal layer and the coil is winded by a lower metal layer. Further, the insertion loss is low and the isolation degree is large.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication circuit part, a transmission path for signals, a ground, a coupler electrode, and a resonance part. The coupler electrode includes an upper flat part as an electrode, a support, and a connecting portion. The support supports the upper flat part. Thus, the upper flat part faces the ground and is separately placed therefrom at a height only enough to ignore the wavelength of the signal, while having a flexible portion which is elastically deformable in the height direction. On the connecting portion, the other end of the support is connected to the transmission path. The resonance part enlarges a current flowing into the coupler electrode through the transmission path. A micro dipole is a line segment connecting between the center of accumulated electric charge in the coupler electrode and the center of mirror charge accumulated in the ground.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing signals via directional couplers embedded in a package are disclosed and may include generating via a directional coupler, one or more output RF signals that may be proportional to a received RF signal. The directional coupler may be integrated in a multi-layer package. The generated RE signal may be processed by an integrated circuit electrically coupled to the multi-layer package. The directional coupler may include quarter wavelength transmission lines, which may include microstrip or coplanar structures. The directional coupler may be electrically coupled to one or more variable capacitances in the integrated circuit. The variable capacitance may include CMOS devices in the integrated circuit. The directional coupler may include discrete devices, which may be surface mount devices coupled to the multi-layer package or may be devices integrated in the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package.

Abstract: A coupling loop with each leg connected by two resistors, R1 and R2 going to ground on a disk shaped printed circuit board provides a directional coupler with directivity tuned by rotating this disk assembly and coupling controlled by the distance to the main RF transmission line. Once the desired level of directivity is obtained, this board is locked with screws from the top.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention includes a directional coupler having a coupling factor in the forward direction determined from the equation Cf=Cf·ej?Cf, a coupling factor in the reverse direction determined from the equation Cr=Cr·ej?Cr, an isolation in the forward direction determined from the equation If=If·ej?If, and an isolation in the reverse direction determined from the equation Ir=Ir·ej?Ir, wherein at least one condition is met from among the group consisting of: (1) the absolute value of ??=?Cr+?Cf?(?Ir+?If) being less than or equal to 20°, K = C f C r * I r I f ( 2 ) is less than or equal to 1.6, and (3) Cf=Cr and If=Ir.

Abstract: In a timing analysis apparatus for use in a semiconductor integrated circuit, which analyzes operation timing of a semiconductor integrated circuit having a logic gate circuit including a plurality of logic gates, a controller detects at least one of a power supply voltage and a ground voltage of a power supply, decomposes the noise waveform into frequency components, classifies the frequency components into low-frequency components lower than a predetermined threshold frequency and high-frequency components higher than the threshold frequency, calculates a static delay time of each of the logic gates due to the low-frequency components, calculates a dynamic delay time of each of the logic gates due to the high-frequency components, and determines a delay time of each of the logic gates by synthesizing the calculated respective delay times.

Abstract: In a directional coupler with two coupled lines arranged in a flat chamber of an enclosed metal housing within the coupling region side-by-side in the longitudinal direction and at a spacing distance from one another, of which the ends are connected to connecting ports attached at the sides of the metal housing, these coupled lines include flat, sheet-metal strip conductors, which are arranged within the coupling region with their broad sides facing towards one another side-by-side at a spacing distance and held by several support elements made of insulating material in a cantilever manner at a spacing distance from the opposing internal walls of the flat metal-housing chamber within the latter. In this context, at least one strip conductor is curved relative to the opposing strip conductor in such a manner that the spacing distance of the strip conductors in coupling region increases starting from the beginning of the coupling region approximately exponentially up to the end of the coupling region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to directional couplers for microwave signals, and in particular to a combline directional coupler (301) for use at millimetre wavelengths. The combline microwave coupler (301) comprises a first transmission line (202), and a second transmission line (203), each transmission line including along its length a series of stubs (206, 207), the stubs of the first and second transmission lines being oriented in a combline pattern with each other such that in use microwave energy passing along one transmission line is coupled to the other. The coupler also includes four ports one at each end of the transmission lines for coupling microwave signals into or from said transmission lines, including at the first end of the combline pattern a first port to the first transmission line, and a second port to the second transmission line, and including at the second end of the combline pattern a third port to the first transmission line and a fourth port to the second transmission line.

Abstract: A coupling loop with each leg connected by two resistors, R1 and R2 going to ground on a disk shaped printed circuit board provides a directional coupler with directivity tuned by rotating this disk assembly and coupling controlled by the distance to the main RF transmission line. Once the desired level of directivity is obtained, this board is locked with screws from the top.

Abstract: A hollow waveguide directional coupler comprises two hollow waveguide sections that are coupled to each other by a plurality of coupling openings formed in a wall extending between the hollow waveguide sections. Two adjacent coupling openings have a distance of 3?g/4. from each other, ?g being the wavelength of the nominal center frequency of the operating frequency range of the directional coupler.

Abstract: A controller sends signals to an electromagnetic coupler associated with a bus. The signals are arranged to set a coupling strength of the coupler.

Abstract: A millimeter-band switching circuit easily corrects a varied off capacitance of a switching element without shifting position of the switching element. The millimeter-band switching circuit includes: a coupling line having a line length that can be changed; a first input and output terminal; a second input and output terminal; a first transmission line connected between the first input and output terminal and a first end of the coupling line; a second transmission line connected between the input and output terminal and a second end of the coupling line; a first field effect transistor (FET) connected in parallel with the first transmission line; and a second FET connected in parallel with the second transmission line and turned ON/OFF simultaneously with turning ON/OFF of the first FET.

Abstract: Four variable reactance means are connected, respectively, to the four ports of a quadrature hybrid circuit which is composed of four ring-linked two-port circuits each composed of a transmission line or multiple lumped reactance elements, so that by changing the reactance values of the four variable reactance means, operating frequency of the quadrature hybrid circuit can be selectively changed.

Abstract: A directional coupler with two sensing conductors and a basic coupler and a supplementary coupler corresponding to them. The basic coupler is based on the coupling between a first sensing conductor (421) and the transmission conductor (410), and the supplementary coupler is based on the coupling between a second sensing conductor (422) and the transmission conductor. The sensing conductors are substantially shorter than a quarter wave, because of which the directivity of both the basic and the supplementary coupler is low. The other ends of the sensing conductors are connected to each other and further to the measurement port of the directional coupler. The coupling signals caused by a reverse signal in the connecting point of the sensing conductors are arranged equal by their absolute value but oppositely phased, in which case their sum signal in the measurement port is insignificantly small.

Abstract: A wiper-type variable power divider with capacitive junctions to minimize the creation of passive intermodulation interference (PIM) during adjustment of the power divider. The variable power divider includes an adjustable, wiper-type phase shifter connected to a hybrid power divider. The output ports of the hybrid power divider produce two RF signals having variable and complementary power amplitudes as the power divider is adjusted throughout its adjustment range. The power divider output signals also have a sum that is substantially equal to a constant quantity throughout the adjustment range of the power divider. The phase shifter is well suitable for use in a base station antenna, where it can be used for be beam steering and beam width adjustment. The variable power divider can also be operated by remote control of a motorized actuator that operates the power divider.

Abstract: A controller sends signals to an electromagnetic coupler associated with a bus. The signals are arranged to set a coupling strength of the coupler.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a first feeding point and a second feeding point provided at respective positions on an antenna element. The antenna element is excited through the first and second feeding points simultaneously so as to operate as a first antenna portion and a second antenna portion simultaneously, the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion correspond to the first and second feeding points, respectively. The antenna element further includes, between the first and second feeding points, an electromagnetic coupling adjuster for making an amount of isolation between the first and second antenna portions.

Abstract: An apparatus that includes a first conducting strip having a narrowed width where the first conducting strip also acts as a first electrode for a first tapping capacitance. The first tapping capacitance has a second electrode that is: 1) parallel to the first conducting strip; and 2) closer to the first conducting strip than a second conducting strip. The second conducting strip is parallel to the first conducting strip and has a narrowed width where the second conducting strip also acts as a first electrode for a second tapping capacitance. The second tapping capacitance has a second electrode that is: 1) parallel to the second conducting strip; and 2) closer to the second conducting strip than the first conducting strip.

Abstract: A variable power divider and method can vary the RF power between ports in a high power and multi-carrier RF environment, such as is used in controlling signals sent and received in a base station antenna. The variable power divider can include a single-control phase shifter and a hybrid power divider. The single-control phase shifter can comprise a three-port device having a single input port and two output ports. The single-control phase shifter can further comprise a variable adjuster that can change or adjust the phase between two RF signals. The hybrid power divider can comprise a four-port device having two input ports and two output ports. Both the single-control phase shifter and the hybrid power divider can comprise substantially planar structures that are suitable for high-speed manufacturing. The output ports of the hybrid power divider can be coupled to various devices such antennas or power absorbing elements.

Abstract: A device for signal transmission between units that are movable along given tracks comprises at least one transmitter for generating electrical signals, at least one conductor arrangement for conducting the electrical signals along a track of movement, and at least one receiver for coupling out electrical signals from a conductor arrangement. At least one conductor arrangement comprises at least one conductor structure for conducting electrical signals, an electric reference surface assigned thereto, and at least one dielectric between the conductor structure and the reference surface. A dielectric of the kind used has a high homogeneity, or a high symmetry with respect to the electrical center of the longitudinal axis of the conductor structure, or both.

Abstract: A variable coupling factor directional coupler having a variable aperture positioned between a transmission line section and a coupling conductor connected at either end to a center conductor of a pair of connectors. The coupling factor of an RF signal in the transmission line section to the coupling conductor may be adjusted by linear movement of a gap plate to open or close the aperture. Alternatively, the coupling conductor may be located within a slotted tube. As the slotted tube is rotated, the slotted portion of the tube opens or closes the aperture. The position of the inner conductor of the coupling conductor with respect to a grounded sidewall can be adjusted to change the coupled line impedance in order to optimize the coupler directivity.

Abstract: A 90° hybrid for splitting or interconnecting radio frequency power includes four gate connections, capacitances and inductances for electric capacitive coupling and magnetic inductive coupling, an arrangement of strip conductors that are disposed approximately parallel to each other and whose ends form gate connections, and whose dimensions and mutual separations are dimensioned to form the electric capacitive and magnetic inductive couplings of the 90° hybrid, and a ferrite ring surrounding the strip conductors to increase the inductive coupling.

Abstract: A device for signal transmission between units which are movable relative to each other along predetermined paths comprises at least one transmitter associated with a first unit for generating electrical signals, at least one conductor arrangement associated with the first unit and connected to the transmitter for carrying the electrical signals along a course of the conductor arrangement extending substantially along a path of the movement, and at least one receiver associated with a second unit for decoupling electrical signals from the conductor arrangement. Means for balancing the electrical signals are provided along the course of the conductor arrangement for reducing interference radiation or susceptibility to interference.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for combining electric signals. The arrangement comprises: an antenna element (270) for receiving first electric signals from the environment; a receiver cable (210) in connection with the antenna element (270) for carrying the first electric signals; at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for carrying second electric signals; a transmitting antenna (250) in connection with said at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for transmitting the second electric signals, and at least one cable coupler (120) in said receiver cable (210), in which the polarity of said at least one cable coupler (120) is reversed in order to induce a local leakage current. Said at least one cable coupler (120) is arranged next to said at least one antenna feeder cable (212) for coupling the first electric signals and the second electric signals to the receiver cable (210).

Abstract: A controller sends signals to an electromagnetic coupler associated with a bus. The signals are arranged to set a coupling strength of the coupler.

Abstract: A coupler that has a small package size and is adjustable after manufacturing. A coupler has a substrate with several dielectric layers and a top and bottom surface. A ground plane is located on the top surface and another ground plane is located on the bottom surface. A pair of coupled circuit lines are located within the substrate. Conductive vias extend between the layers and provide an electrical connection between the ground planes and the circuit lines. The top ground plane has several segments joined by links. The top ground plane can be modified to adjust the coupling between the coupled circuit lines by deleting one or more of the links. The links can be used to adjust the coupling after the coupler has been manufactured.