Abstract: A directional coupler uses non-metallic slotted spacers at the edges of a pair of coupled lines. The spacers are adjustable in their vertical position and thereby provide continuous coupling fine-adjustment. The spatial relationship between the coupled lines is therefore adjustable and does not depend upon extremely tight manufacturing tolerances.

Abstract: An apparatus directs two high-power UHF transmitter signals to one or the other or a combination of output destinations as determined by the setting of control components. Redirection between outputs can be performed continuously under full power. Using the apparatus, synchronous amplifiers directed to the same output produce a signal with all of the power of both amplifiers. The signals can be shifted to the station load without shutting down the amplifiers. After a failure, the remaining amplifier can be redirected to provide a clean signal.

Abstract: An arrangement for broadband signal or energy transmission between at least two units mobile relative to each other along an optional trajectory, comprising a first unit with a symmetric open conductor structure consisting of a plurality of dummy elements that are terminated in a reflection-free manner on both ends, as well as at least one second unit that includes a coupling unit for coupling or decoupling electrical signals. At least one of said second units disposed for movement relative to the first unit is provided with a driver stage for coupling signals into the conductor structure of the first unit.

Abstract: A variable coupling factor directional coupler having a variable aperture positioned between a transmission line section and a coupling conductor connected at either end to a center conductor of a pair of connectors. The coupling factor of an RF signal in the transmission line section to the coupling conductor may be adjusted by linear movement of a gap plate to open or close the aperture. Alternatively, the coupling conductor may be located within a slotted tube. As the slotted tube is rotated, the slotted portion of the tube opens or closes the aperture. The position of the inner conductor of the coupling conductor with respect to a grounded sidewall can be adjusted to change the coupled line impedance in order to optimize the coupler directivity.

Abstract: A variable power divider and method can vary the RF power between ports in a high power and multi-carrier RF environment, such as is used in controlling signals sent and received in a base station antenna. The variable power divider can include a single-control phase shifter and a hybrid power divider. The single-control phase shifter can comprise a three-port device having a single input port and two output ports. The single-control phase shifter can further comprise a variable adjuster that can change or adjust the phase between two RF signals. The hybrid power divider can comprise a four-port device having two input ports and two output ports. Both the single-control phase shifter and the hybrid power divider can comprise substantially planar structures that are suitable for high-speed manufacturing. The output ports of the hybrid power divider can be coupled to various devices such antennas or power absorbing elements.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A microwave coupler has a planar form with a transmission line segment oriented at an angle relative to a main transmission line. The planar form of the transmission line, such as in a printed circuit board, helps reduce the size and manufacturing costs for the coupler. When placed a prescribed distance from the main transmission line and oriented at an appropriate angle, the directivity and coupling factor requirements can be met precisely with minimal tuning. Where fine tuning is required, a tuning screw and resistor disposed adjacent to the transmission line segment are provided.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A detector detects frequencies in two predetermined bands separately with respective predetermined coupling. The detector includes a first transmission line, and second and third transmission lines and disposed near the first transmission line. One end of the first transmission line is connected to a terminating resistor, and the other end of the first transmission line is connected to an anode terminal of a detecting diode through a wideband matching circuit. A cathode terminal of the detecting diode is connected to a load circuit.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A directional coupler characterized as having improved directivity. The directional coupler and methodology uses enhanced destructive interference to reduce the leakage at the output port of a signal incident at the coupled port of the coupler thereby giving the coupler improved directivity. The directional coupler creates this enhanced destructive interference by the introduction of impedance discontinuities in the coupled transmission lines. The impedance discontinuity in the coupled transmission lines can take on many forms, such as recesses at the coupling sides of the coupled transmission lines, protrusions at the non-coupling sides of the coupled transmission lines, or both. Another directional coupler is capable of being tuned for different coupling levels. This coupler comprises adjacent conductors between the coupled transmission lines that are connected, as required, to the coupled lines to change the coupling level.

Abstract: A switchable directional coupler in which a three position switch partitions the coupler into three distinct coupling paths among its four ports according to the status of a pair of quadrature phase input signals of amplitudes A and B. In one position with both input signals being active, the output signal has an amplitude of A+B. In a second position with only the input signal of amplitude A being active, the output signal has an amplitude of A. In the third position with only the input signal of amplitude B being active, the output signal has an amplitude of B.

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: The invention discloses the utilization of various transmission lines that entail a ferroelectric material as dielectric substrate to introduce an impedance shift by means of an externally applied d.c. bias, which alters the effective length between the input and output signals of the transmission lines of microwave couplers.

Abstract: An energy coupler (10) includes a movably adjustable energy coupling sleeve (16), and a coupling transmission line (18) operatively coupled to the movably adjustable energy coupling sleeve (16) to provide adjustable coefficient coupling with a transmission line (14), such as a coaxial transmission line. In one embodiment, the movably adjustable energy coupling sleeve (16) is configured to rotatably move to provide selectable energy coupling with the coaxial transmission line (14).

Abstract: A first transmission line and a second transmission line are caused to be partially opposite to each other, and by use of the opposite portions of the first transmission line and the second transmission line, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are relatively shifted in parallel from their opposite state to their non-opposite state.

Abstract: A directional coupler is provided with a primary line extending along a first axis and supported by a support member and with a subsidiary line extending along a second axis and supported by the support member to be rotatable with respect to the second axis. The subsidiary line has a conductive particular portion arranged substantially in parallel to the primary line with a distance kept therefrom. The particular portion has a peripheral surface adapted to vary the distance in response to the rotation of the subsidiary line.

Abstract: A microwave circuit having a coupler with two microstrip conductors on a front surface of a substrate, parallel to each other, and electromagnetically coupled to each other with a coupling coefficient wherein the substrate has a rear surface on which a grounding conductor is formed. A floating conductor is interposed between the microstrip conductors. A first terminal of a switching device is connected to one end of the floating conductor while a second terminal of the switching device is grounded. By selectively turning on and off the switching device, the coupling coefficient is changed.

Abstract: A redundancy combiner assembly has two amplifiers connected in parallel along a waveguide path to a hybrid. The hybrid is connected through a transfer switch to an antenna. The hybrid contains a movable coupling plate. The coupling plate has a coupling array to allow combining of signals of the amplifiers in one position. When one of the amplifiers fails, the coupling plate is replaced by a metal wall and the output from the failed amplifier is directed by the switch to a dump load while the output from the operating amplifier is directed to the antenna. The assembly is controlled by a controller, which monitors the amplifiers and controls the movement of the coupling plate and the switch.

Abstract: A high frequency signal line facilitates the adjustment of the strength of branched output or inductively coupled leakage field depending on the particular requirement of operation. In the preferred embodiment, a transmission line consists of a central conductor and a cylindrical outer conductor formed with a longitudinally extending opening, the transmission line being covered with a cylindrical shielding shutter formed with a longitudinally extending opening. The high frequency signal line also includes an induction line including a trough-shaped shielding cover formed with a longitudinally extending opening and which is adapted to be detachably attached to the shielding shutter. The induction line also includes a directional coupling conductor for high frequency coupling which extends within the shielding cover generally parallel to the central conductor.

Abstract: The present invention is a switching system for a broadband network operating above five megahertz. The system connects to a first and second network through appropriate network connections. There are four components in the switching network. A first component with a first common connection, a first A branch, and a first B branch, the first common connection is connected to the first network terminal. A second component has a second common connector and a second A and B branch. The second common connector is connected to the second network terminal. The third component has a third A and B branch and one third common connector. The third A branch is connected to the first A branch. The third B branch is connected to the second B branch. The third common connector is connected to a first device terminal of a device. The fourth component has a fourth A and B branch and a fourth common connector. The fourth B branch is connected to the second B branch.

Abstract: A coupling and matching device for high frequency or microwave signal transmission includes two line sections (9, 10) with parallel, weakly coupled portions (9', 10'), where the primary section (9) forms a short circuit and is connected to a relatively low output impedance device while the secondary section (10) is connected to a relatively high input impedance device. The coupling and matching device also includes a ground plane parallel to the secondary line section (10), and a member (12) for varying the difference between the secondary line section and the ground plane.

Abstract: A low power, low cost distributed digital loop (DDL) carrier system that combines television and voice telephone signal transmission over coaxial cables. The DDL system employs a passive/active tap module (114) that controls the steering of the video and telephone signals. The high frequency down stream telephone signal is not processed until a routing terminator (110) converts it to lower frequency signal for transmission in the lower frequency subsplit channel. The telephone signal is then transmitted back up through the subsplit where the active circuitry of each tap intercepts the telephone signal, selects the needed signal and transmits it down to a network interface unit (120) located at the subscriber premises.

Abstract: A resistor-capacitor-transistor type of integrated circuit comprises mainly a non-self-aligned N diffusion bar 1 covered with a polysilicon plate, and a drain type N diffusion, self-aligned by the polysilicon plate. The resulting structure is a distributed resistor-capacitor-transistor quadripole whose main characteristics are that it is very compact and that the time taken by the capacitor to get discharged through the transistor is independent of the dimensions of the structure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for varying coupling of a radio frequency (RF) signal (408). This is advantageously used for increasing the dynamic range of a power detector (406) in an automatic power level control loop (403) of a transmission unit (404), while maintaining transmission unit efficiency at higher power levels. This is accomplished by selecting between a first operating mode of the RF coupler (405) having strong coupling, responsive to a first predetermined power level, such that the RF coupler (405) produces a first coupled RF signal (509) responsive to the RF signal (408) and a second operating mode of the RF coupler (405) having weak coupling, responsive to a second predetermined power level, such that the RF coupler (405) produces a second coupled RF signal (510) responsive to the RF signal (408).

Abstract: The invention is method and apparatus for in situ mechanical adjustment of electromagnetic power coupled through an aperture or slot. In its preferred form this adjustment of coupling is achieved by electrically connecting two thin, curved conductive leaf springs (20) to ground plane (14) at the ends of the coupling aperture or slot (12). The springs (20) are curved so as to bend away from the center of the aperture or slot opening (12). The aperture or slot is usually enclosed by a metal backing cavity (22) to prevent radiation from the rear of the aperture or slot and to provide a method for mechanically adjusting the position of springs (20) over the aperture or slot (12), e.g., by adjustment of screws (24). By advancing or retracting screws (24), leaf springs (20) are caused to progressively cover or uncover aperture or slot (12), thereby adjusting the electric field across the aperture or slot (12) and the coupled electromagnetic power through the aperture or slot (12).

Abstract: A broadside microstrip coupler employs a first transmission line which consists of a series of capacitor plates which alternate between a dielectric layer from a first location to a second location and each of the series of plates are connected together with a top plate on the top surface of the dielectric and a bottom plate located a given distance beneath the dielectric layer. A second transmission line alternates between the top and bottom layers of the dielectric and consists of a second series of plates where each capacitor is connected to an adjacent plate with the top plate of the first connecting to the bottom plate of the second and the bottom plate of the first connecting to the top plate of the second and so on. This pattern is repeated so that the conductive plate path alternates from the top to the bottom plate.

Abstract: A rectangular waveguide series junction has a layer of photoconductive material in one branch near the junction. The photoconductive material, when dark, is essentially a dielectric, which effectively increases the dimension of the waveguide branch over what it would be if not modified, thereby increasing its impedance at the series junction and causing power division preferentially into the branch. When illuminated, as by a laser or LED, the photoconductive layer becomes a conductor instead of a dielectric, and the dieletric "increase" in the dimension is eliminated. Instead, the conductive material actually decreases the cross-section, to thereby reduce the actual impedance of the branch at the junction point. This reduces the amount of coupling below that for an unmodified waveguide branch. Thus, the amount of coupling into the branch at the junction is increased by the dielectric constant when the photoconductor is dark, and decreased by the conductivity when illuminated.

Abstract: A waveguide coupler wherein the coupling of power from one waveguide arm to an adjacent waveguide arm through an aperture in a common wall may be switched on and off at very high speed or controlled from zero to a maximum level by appropriately controlling how bias potential is applied to a reflective/absorptive element disposed in the aperture in the common wall.

Abstract: Automatic Level Control (ALC) circuit having a directional coupler, for branching an output of an amplifier, and a detector, for detecting the branched output, is disclosed. When saturation of the amplifier is measured, coupling by the directional coupler is decreased and the input signal to the detector can be kept below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A directional coupler for coupling r.f. energy in a waveguide system from a main channel waveguide to a subsidiary channel waveguide, the coupling being in the range between about -3 dB to -15 dB. The coupler comprises a single coupling slot at the junction between the main channel waveguide and the subsidiary channel waveguide with an arrangement for decoupling the slot to yield the desired coupling, the arrangement including first and second posts in the plane of the junction. A further provision involves inductively loading the junction, the loading being provided at the plane of the junction. The provision for inductively loading the junction is an "inverted" button, in the form of capped-off holes, the depth of the holes being adjusted to vary the directivity of the coupler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dividing network in the support station in a radio telephone network, wherein the received multi-channel antenna signal (ANT) is divided among separate receivers (CH1-CHn) by means of a dividing unit. The dividing unit is made up of a filter (2), an amplifier (3) and a dividing network (1). According to the invention it has, in a cascade (11; 21), N directional couplers (H1-Hn; B1-Bn), there being branched out from the cascade in succession to each of the N receivers (CH1-CHn) a share, according to the coupling (k1-kn) of the directional coupler, of the filtered and amplified antenna signal (4).

Abstract: Disclosed is a three-plate type coupler providing for the partial tapping, by means of plungers, of a microwave energy which is propagated in a guide. The coupler has mechanical means to vary the height of the central conductor of the three-plate structure at the level at which the plungers are fixed, thus causing a variation in the penetration of the plungers in the waveguide and, consequently, a variation in the coupling.

Abstract: A short slot waveguide hybrid coupler is disclosed wherein the coupling factor is switchable over a predetermined range of discrete coupling factors. A coupling slot formed in the common dividing wall between the contiguous first and second waveguides of the coupler allows coupling of electromagnetic energy between the two waveguides in accordance with a first coupling factor. A plurality of conductive pins are arranged for selective insertion into the coupling slot to effectively shorten the slot and thereby progressively reduce the coupling factor as more pins are inserted into the coupling slot.

Abstract: The variable directional coupler of the subject invention employs 3, 4 or n branches in TEM transmission media, such as coax, stripline and microstrip. Precise control of the coupling is acheived by a variable susceptance connected near the mid-point of the crossover.

Abstract: The disclosed coupler is in a spiral form having approximately 11/4 turns and a length of just over 1/4 wavelength of a designed frequency. The coil includes an interdigitated section with two conductor portions for each conductor. In the overlapped turn portion, the inner conductors are narrower than the outer conductor. Further, conductor pads are disposed adjacent the coupler conductors for connection to associated couplers to vary the bandwidth of the coupler.

Abstract: A 3dB directional coupler includes a housing accommodating two spaced apart coupling lines connecting the inner conductors of coaxial lines and coupled to each other via a coupling aperture in a partition wall which extends in said housing. The housing is thus divided into two housing parts whose cross section is defined by a long side and a short side the difference of which substantially corresponds to the width of each coupling line while the cross sectional circumference of each coupling line corresponds essentially to the circumference of the inner conductors. Outside the coupling path, the coupling lines are provided with homogenous sections of sufficient length to reduce field inhomogeneities before the coupling path.

Abstract: A dielectric rotary coupler for electromagnetic waves of the microwave frequency region structured of a substantially ring-shaped rotary member and a stationary member, each member being formed of a dielectric waveguide, or line, having a rectangular cross-section. The rotary line and the stationary line are arranged to face each other with a predetermined space therebetween along a coupling length, through which a microwave, for example, a carrier microwave FM-modulated by a signal reproduced by a rotary head of a VTR, is coupled from the rotary line to the stationary line, or vice versa.

Abstract: A family of waveguide branch directional couplers having various coupling values is adapted for using the same housing dimensions for all members of the family. The housing includes a conductive block defining first and second spaced-apart parallel rectangular through waveguides. The block also defines a chamber extending between the through waveguides. One or more further conductive blocks in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds are fastened within the chamber and dimensioned to coact with the chamber dimensions to define at least two rectangular branch waveguides extending between the through waveguides. The dimensions of the further blocks are selected to adjust the branch waveguide dimensions to provide the various coupling values.

Abstract: A waveguide branch directional coupler having a pair of parallel main waveguides defining four ports and a plurality of branch waveguides interconnecting the two main waveguides to establish a predetermined amount of coupling between the ports has the coupling between ports adjusted by mechanically changing the height dimension of the main waveguides.

Abstract: A variable ratio power combiner employs, as its major coupling component, one or more septum polarizers and associated 90.degree. differential phase shifters or quarter waveplates in place of conventional OMTs. Advantageously, a septum polarizer is a relatively simple component that serves the same function as an OMT and polarizer combination. Because it has an essentially T-shaped configuration, it can bring a pair of waveguide arms together in the same plane back-to-back, so that the resulting power combiner may provide the desired symmetrical coupling. Normally the variable ratio power combiner requires only symmetrical inputs for the sources and not both symmetrical inputs and outputs, so that only a single septum polarizer and associated quarter waveplate are employed, with an OMT used for the output. For a completely symmetrical configuration, however, the other OMT may be replaced by a separate septum polarizer/rotatable quarter waveplate arrangement.

Abstract: A compact power detector apparatus comprises a unique adjustable directional coupler and a power detector circuit integrated therewith. The adjustable coupler comprises a pair of stripline conductors, one of which is carried on a turntable. The coupling distance between the conductors varies as the turntable rotates. The power detector circuit is also carried on the turntable, thus avoiding the need for flexible interconnections. The output from the detector circuit is taken from a connector substantially in the center of the turntable.

Abstract: Coupling devices for SAW's, which permit switching of SAW power between cnels. Channel waveguides are laid down on or in the surface of a substrate. The waveguides have a coupling region in which they are close to each other. The input waveguide is formed from a material whose acoustic wave velocity characteristic can be changed by an external means. Various means for altering the velocity of the SAW, such as electric or optical fields, are employed by applying them to the coupling region of the input waveguide.

Abstract: A directional coupler for coupling between four inner conductors 16,18,20,22 of four coaxial lines has two coupling conductors 10,12 which are connected across respective pairs of inner conductors 20,22,16,18, and are spaced apart to define a coupling gap 14. The width of the coupling gap can be varied by tilting movement of one, and preferably both coupling conductors which are attached to the respective inner conductors by tilting joints in the form of leaf springs 124. A modification (FIGS. 4,5) enables the coupler to be used for crossed coaxial lines.

Abstract: An impedance transforming coupler is disclosed which may be used as a power divider or power combiner at microwave frequencies. The power division or power combination ratio is arbitrary, and the impedance transformation ratio is arbitrary. These couplers may be used in a circuit to power-combine amplifiers. The insertion loss of the circuit is low and the bandwidth is improved by an order of two to one over prior art systems which had separate circuits for matching the impedance and providing power combining. The coupler is optimally a branch line coupler having four curved branches a quarter wavelength long at the center frequency. The output ports are 90.degree. out of phase. Simple formulas are given relating the desired admittances of each of the four branches to k, the desired power coupling ratio, and Y, the desired admittance transformation ratio.

Abstract: High levels of R.F. power are controlled and switched by means of a hybrid switching network that employs an intermediate power level switch matrix in conjunction with a pair of 8.34 (nominal) directional couplers and a phasing network. The two directional couplers are connected in tandem by two equal length transmission lines to form a broadband quadrature 3dB hybrid. Switching is accomplished by selectively inserting a 180.degree. phase shift means into the lower power carrying transmission line. The phase shifting means can be a length of transmission line, a solid state device, or a Schiffman type phase shifter.