Abstract: For a network coupler for network users in a network comprising at least two lines, a simultaneous data and energy transfer is ensured in that the network coupler is formed in such a way that it is suitable for data transfer via the two lines (1, 2) of the network and for coupling out energy from the two lines (1, 2) of the network to which a terminal of a voltage source is coupled, in that the network coupler symmetrically couples energy into and/or out of the two lines (1,2), in that the network coupler couples the data symmetrically, differentially and inductively or capacitively into and/or out of the two lines (1, 2), and in that the network coupler symmetrically terminates the two lines (1, 2).

Abstract: For a network coupler for network users in a network comprising at least two lines, a simultaneous data and energy transfer is ensured in that the network coupler is formed in such a way that it is suitable for data transfer via the two lines (1, 2) of the network and for coupling out energy from the two lines (1, 2) of the network to which a terminal of a voltage source is coupled, in that the network coupler symmetrically couples energy into and/or out of the two lines (1,2), in that the network coupler couples the data symmetrically, differentially and inductively or capacitively into and/or out of the two lines (1, 2), and in that the network coupler symmetrically terminates the two lines (1, 2).

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors, capacitors and ground planes are integrated within the LTTC substrate. A binocular core transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTTC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors, capacitors and ground plane. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTTC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending through the layers. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to terminals on outer surfaces of the substrate and to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTTC substrate. The power splitter circuit requires only one transformer.

Abstract: A directional coupler that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The directional coupler includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A microwave circuit utilizes a spiral-like coupler configuration to achieve the functionality of a traditional coupler with higher density and lower volume. A plurality of substrate layers having metal layers disposed on them are bonded to form the package. A plurality of groundplanes may be used to isolate the spiral-like shape from lines extending out to contact pads or other circuitry.

Abstract: For a network coupler for network users in a network comprising at least two lines, a simultaneous data and energy transfer is ensured in that the network coupler is formed in such a way that it is suitable for data transfer via the two lines (1, 2) of the network and for coupling out energy from the two lines (1, 2) of the network to which a terminal of a voltage source is coupled, in that the network coupler symmetrically couples energy into and/or out of the two lines (1,2), in that the network coupler couples the data symmetrically, differentially and inductively or capacitively into and/or out of the two lines (1, 2), and in that the network coupler symmetrically terminates the two lines (1, 2).

Abstract: A microwave circuit utilizes a spiral-like coupler configuration to achieve the functionality of a traditional coupler with higher density and lower volume. A plurality of substrate layers having metal layers disposed on them are bonded to form the package. A plurality of groundplanes may be used to isolate the spiral-like shape from lines extending out to contact pads or other circuitry.

Abstract: An antenna feed that transmits in a single vertical or horizontal linear polarization at commercial Ka-band while simultaneously receiving both vertical and horizontal polarizations at commercial KU-band is presented. The antenna feed includes a metal feed horn, an integrated corrugated ring filter, an outer conductor disposed coaxially about the feed horn, a hollow inner conductor disposed coaxially within the feed horn and a polyrod disposed within the hollow inner conductor. The antenna feed further includes a PCB having receive channel RF probes, 180-degree hybrid combiners and LNB circuitry. The PCB is surrounded by a housing which is attached to the feed horn.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ninety degree coupler for a frequency range of 100 mHz to gigaHertz ranges and including a minimum number of components employing a four port device which receives an input signal and splits it between a transformer coil and another reactor and couples it to another port and splits it between the transformer and a capacitor, then cross-connecting to a capacitor where phase shift is created by the inductors and capacitors resulting in phase shift between the signal ports remaining at 90 degrees over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: A lumped element ring balun (60) including elements patterned on a monolithic substrate (62) in a compact design. The balun (60) includes four inductors (64, 66, 68, 70) and a plurality of capacitors (190, 192, 198, 202, 214, 226) electrically coupled together to provide RF output signals that are 180° out of phase with each other. The inductors (64-70) are symmetrically disposed in a rectangular area on the substrate (62). A first pair of the inductors (64, 66) is positioned at one end of the rectangular area, and a second pair of the inductors (68, 70) is positioned at opposite end of the rectangular area. All of the capacitors are formed on the substrate (62) in a central circuit area (72) between the first pair of inductors (64, 66) and the second pair of inductors (68, 70). Inner ends (76, 92, 98, 106) are coupled to circuit elements in the circuit area (72) by a metallized trace (120, 136, 150, 170) extending through an air bridge (124, 140, 154, 174).

Abstract: A lumped element ring balun (60) including elements patterned on a monolithic substrate (62) in a compact design. The balun (60) includes four inductors (64, 66, 68, 70) and a plurality of capacitors (190, 192, 198, 202, 214, 226) electrically coupled together to provide RF output signals that are 180° out of phase with each other. The inductors (64-70) are symmetrically disposed in a rectangular area on the substrate (62). A first pair of the inductors (64, 66) is positioned at one end of the rectangular area, and a second pair of the inductors (68, 70) is positioned at opposite end of the rectangular area. All of the capacitors are formed on the substrate (62) in a central circuit area (72) between the first pair of inductors (64, 66) and the second pair of inductors (68, 70). Inner ends (76, 92, 98, 106) are coupled to circuit elements in the circuit area (72) by a metallized trace (120, 136, 150, 170) extending through an air bridge (124, 140, 154, 174).

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a quadrature hybrid circuit is provided comprising a first spiral inductor and a second spiral inductor separated by an insulating layer to provide all necessary capacitances intrinsically. Further, a vector modulator circuit is provided that incorporates a plurality of quadrature hybrid circuits on a MMIC contained within a chip scale package.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ninety degree coupler for a frequency range of 100 mHz to gigaHertz ranges and including a minimum number of components employing a four port device which receives an input signal and splits it between a transformer coil and another reactor and couples it to another port and splits it between the transformer and a capacitor, then cross-connecting to a capacitor where phase shift is created by the inductors and capacitors resulting in phase shift between the signal ports remaining at 90 degrees over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes first and second high-frequency impedance elements and first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements. The first high-frequency impedance element is connected between an input port and an output port and has an impedance substantially constituted by a reactance. The first high-frequency phase shifting element has one terminal connected to the input port and a phase change amount of 90° at a frequency f0. The second high-frequency phase shifting element is connected between the output port and the other terminal of the first high-frequency phase shifting element and has a phase change amount of 90° at the frequency f0. The first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements have an impedance converting function. The second high-frequency impedance element has one terminal connected to a common connection point between the first and second high-frequency phase shifting elements, the other terminal grounded, and an impedance substantially constituted by a reactance.

Abstract: A printed board having a structure for equalizing propagation times on transmission lines connecting the same pair of circuit elements at several terminals. The structure controls each propagation delay by connecting each transmission line partially in different dielectric layers having different dielectric constants in a multi-layered printed board regardless of a distance between the terminals to be connected.

Abstract: A 90 degree splitter which covers a wide frequency range of 1500 to 2500 Mhz in a small footprint of only 0.2 inches by 0.2 inches. This device does not use any capacitors which greatly simplifies the construction and lowers the cost in comparison to conventional splitters.

Abstract: In the present invention, a system for a scanner executing scanning comprises a virtual hardware module in an electrical apparatus, and the virtual hardware module is corresponding to the scanner and used for receiving a plurality of commands from the electrical apparatus. The virtual hardware module is displayed on the electrical apparatus. A scanner control module in the electrical apparatus is for communicating with the scanner via the electrical apparatus and the virtual hardware module. The scanner control module is for controlling and executing the commands from the virtual hardware module. A method for a scanner executing scanning comprises displaying a virtual hardware icon in a computer, and the virtual hardware icon corresponding to the scanner for receiving a plurality of commands from the computer. The virtual hardware icon is selected for commanding a command of executing scanning, and then the scanner executes scanning according to the command of executing scanning. Then scanned data is saved.

Abstract: A filter, for use with a delay compensating circuit in a delay line filter, formed from co-located capacitors. The capacitors may be formed as traces disposed on a circuit card and co-located to provide capacitive coupling to each other and ground. Proximity coupling wires are connected at one end to capacitive traces, and at the other end hang in mid-air above the next adjacent capacitive trace. The distance between each proximity coupling wire and the neighboring capacitive trace can be varied to control the capacitance coupling between neighboring capacitive traces. The filter is thus tuned by controlling the distances between the proximity coupling wires, and by squeezing or stretching the inductors. The shunt coils control the frequency of the filter, while the series of capacitive traces control the bandwidth.

Abstract: A wide band directional coupler of the type using ferrite cores and discrete winding in which a special winding method and its position on the core improves coupling flatness, directivity, as well as input and output VSWR.

Abstract: A multi-phase coupler including a noise reduction circuit which provides two output signals which are separately shifted in phase with respect to an input radio frequency (RF) signal. The input RF signal is capacitively phase-shifted to lead the phase of an input RF signal to provide one output signal and is inductively phase-shifted to lag the phase of an input RF signal to provide a second output signal. The two phase-shifted outputs are impedance matched to the dual input ports of a balanced radiating structure that acts as a point source when the input ports are driven in phase quadrature.

Abstract: A tool is described for shunting a multi-tap for an RF cable system by connecting a low-pass filter between an unused input port and an unused output port of the multi-tap. The components of the filter are such as not to interfere with the circuits of the multi-tap when both are in the circuit. A light is provided for indicating when the tool is in operative position.

Abstract: A device includes a passive coupler circuit with lumped elements for coupling a first A.C. signal having a given center frequency (fo) present on a first primary port (P1) to two second A.C. signals phase shifted through 180.degree. present on two secondary ports (P3, P4). The device has a first and a second elementary circuit (B, B') phase shifting through 180.degree. respectively, a differential input terminal (1, 1') and a summation input terminal (2, 2') and first and second output terminals (3, 4; 3', 4'), elementary circuits being connected to each other so that the differential input terminal (1) of the first circuit (B) feeds first primary port (P1), the differential input terminal (1') of the second circuit (B') feeds a second primary port (P'1) connected to ground via an impedance (Zo), the output terminals (3, 4; 4', 3') of the first and second circuits (B, B') are coupled crosswise respectively, and feed said secondary ports (P3, P4), and the summation input terminals (2, 2') are short-circuited.

Abstract: A high frequency signal dividing and/or combining device includes a circuit formed in a laminated sintered dielectric block, input and output terminals grounded through input and output grounding capacitors respectively, inductors (coils) and a resistor. The coil is formed in a coil section having at least one dielectric layer with a conductive coil pattern. The capacitors are formed in at least three dielectric layers including base, intermediate, and upper dielectric layers. The base dielectric layer includes a grounding electrode pattern providing a common grounding electrode for the input and output grounding capacitors. The intermediate dielectric layer overlaps the base dielectric layer so as to cover the grounding electrode pattern.

Abstract: A hybrid including a substrate, a first dielectric layer, a ground metal, and a second dielectric layer, which are stacked in this order. Transmission lines are formed below and above the ground metal, and a slit is formed in the ground metal at a position corresponding to projection of the transmission lines onto the ground metal. The substrate has a greater dielectric constant than the dielectric layers. This makes it possible to prevent coupling between the upper and lower transmission lines, thereby implementing a high impedance, low loss transmission lines.

Abstract: A four port coupler includes a first port adapted to impedance match to a first impedance Z.sub.o, a second port adapted to impedance match to a second impedance Z.sub.1 different than the first impedance, a third port adapted to impedance match to the first impedance and a fourth port adapted to impedance match to the second impedance.

Abstract: A plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitors are formed as conductor patterns (3-1 to 3-4, to 4-8, 5) on dielectric layers (1-1 to 1-6) constituting a multi-layer wiring board. A set of circuit elements (inductors and capacitors) required to have the same inductance or capacitance value are formed on the common layers of the multi-layer wiring board. Thus, the circuit elements required to have the same value in the multi-layer wiring board can be manufactured under the same condition (the baking condition for example), so that the variations of the elements can be reduced.

Abstract: A signal mixing apparatus comprising first and second four port signal splitting/combining networks having no relative phase shift between three ports and 180.degree. of phase shift between the remaining ports, coupled to a four port mixer element. The mixer element has two ports coupled to the first signal splitter/combiner network and having another two ports coupled to the second splitter/combiner, RF and LO signals input to the first splitter/combiner do not appear at the IF output from the second splitter/combiner or vice versa. The RF/IF signals cancel and the LO signal is trapped by a resonant circuit within the mixer. The RF and IF frequency bands may overlap.

Abstract: A lumped impedance transforming directional coupler including a first reactive element, a second reactive element coupled to the first reactive element at a first port, a third reactive element coupled to the second reactive element at a second port, a fourth reactive element coupled to the first reactive element at a third port and to the first reactive element at a fourth port, and the first, the second, the third, and the fourth ports each coupled through a first, a second, a third, and a fourth capacitor, respectively, to electrical ground, the reactive elements and the capacitors providing impedance transformation. Alternate embodiments include a lumped element directional coupler arising from a distributed impedance transforming directional couplers with a pair of transmission lines one-fourth of a wavelength of a center operating frequency in length, and a second pair of transmission lines three-fourths of that wavelength in length.

Abstract: A broad-band lumped element ring hybrid is comprised of a .pi. equivalent of a transmission line which is coupled to an electric ground through either a plurality of capacitors or plurality of inductors. The plurality of capacitors which are coupled to ground are coupled together with an inductor, while the plurality of inductors which are coupled to ground are coupled together with a capacitor. A plurality of tank circuits are coupled to the .pi. equivalent to broaden the bandwidth of the ring hybrid. Each tank circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor.

Abstract: A method for creating a four-port quadrature coupler suitable for monolithic implementation which involves connecting two ports of a balun, suitable itself for implementation in monolithic microwave integrated circuits, to two separate phasing networks. A device exhibiting the proper four-port quadrature coupler characteristics within a MMIC structure results, with wide bandwidth exceeding one octave.

Abstract: High and low pass filters are coupled to a power divider to create a multi-phase hybrid. The high and low pass filters, and the power divider, are all lumped element for compatibility with MMIC circuitry. The power divider may output, to the high and low pass filters, signals having equal or unequal amplitudes. Similiarly, the high and low pass filters may output signals having equal or unequal phases.

Abstract: A polarization diversity system (10) including an adaptive polarization combiner (14) is disclosed. The combiner receives input signals V.sub.i1 and V.sub.i2 of arbitrary relative phase and amplitude, produced in response to orthogonally polarized components of an incident electromagnetic field. The combiner includes a hybrid network (18) that performs the combination of the input V.sub.i1 and V.sub.i2 based on phase adjustments initiated by a feedback circuit (20). The feedback circuit includes a limit set and sensing circuit (26) that allows feedback signals V.sub.c1, V.sub.c2, V.sub.c3, and V.sub.c4 to be swept through a range suitable to phase shifters (28, 32, 36, and 38) included in the hybrid network, thus allowing different components to be more easily used in the hybrid network. Further, the combiner is constructed to function properly in the absence of one of the signals input to the combiner.

Abstract: A broadband 180 degree hybrid having lumped or semi-lumped elements is comprised of a network of low and high pass filters. A 180 degree phase differential is obtained by splitting an input signal from a first input. A first portion of the split signal is passed through a low pass filter and a second portion is passed through a high pass filter. The phase differential is maintained at 180 degrees. A zero (0) degree phase differential is obtained by splitting an input signal from a second input and passing both portions through a pair of low pass filters or through a pair of high pass filters.

Abstract: A passive 180 degree MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) hybrid is developed which yields broad band widths, decreases the circuit surface area to increase production yield, and is compatible with GaAs (gallium arsenide) media used in MMIC circuits. The passive 180 degree MMIC hybrid comprises a in-phase combiner coupled to a delay transmission line through a plurality of adjusting capacitors. The coupling points of the in-phase combiner and the delay transmission line are further coupled to respective 180 degree hybrid outputs. A 0/180 input is coupled in common to the delay transmission line. The 90 degree hybrid comprises a plurality of transmission lines coupled to a 0/0 input of the 180 degree hybrid.

Abstract: A wideband active quadrature 90 degree hybrid for increased bandwidths with low power losses and the capability to have gain. The 90 degree hybrid can be incorporated in small areas for MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) circuitry in the low microwave frequencies. The 90 degree hybrid comprises a plurality of 90 degree phase shift means, each preceded by an input amplifier. Each of the 90 degree differential phase shift means comprises a high pass and a low pass filter. The low pass filter outputs are added together and amplified. The high pass filter outputs are also added together and amplified. The resultant amplified signals are output with a phase differential of 90 degrees. The amplifiers supply gain which is lost in the 90 degree phase shifting.

Abstract: A 90 degree hybrid is contemplated having three parallel signal paths, one of the signal paths is a central signal path which provides direct impedence to ground. The other two signal paths are capacitively coupled to the central signal path to provide a second impedence. Each signal path incorporates at least one inductor coupled in series along each of the signal paths. The signal paths are capacitively coupled to each other at each end of the inductors. To increase the bandwidth, additional hybrids are coupled in series, with each hybrid forming a section of the broadband hybrid.

Abstract: A miniature wide-band microwave power divider comprising a common terminal connected to a plurality of parallel signal paths with each signal path comprising a low pass and a high pass filter made up of discrete components. Use of discrete components allows the entire power divider to be incorporated on a single chip. Isolation is achieved between the signal paths by isolation means comprising resistors.

Abstract: Speech and music phonation formed by spectral formants is synthesized by a composite filter containing parallel filters in cascade. The composite filter design is generated by partial-function expansion of the approximate sound channel transfer function ##EQU1## and the composite filter is implemented with mutually adjacent formants in cascade filter elements.