Abstract: A photonic band gap coplanar waveguide transmission line and a method for fabricating a power divider using the same capable of increasing a characteristic impedance, increasing a signal line width of the transmission line and providing high power, includes: a ground conductive layer formed on a substrate; linear grooves formed on the ground conductive layer; a signal line formed between linear grooves; rectangular grooves formed close to the signal line, and formed on the ground conductive layer; and slots formed at the rectangular grooves respectively, and connecting the rectangular groove and the linear groove.

Abstract: A power combining system includes multiple amplifiers, a reactive combiner for combining the output power of the amplifiers and a short plate. Switches are used to electrically connect an output of each of the amplifiers to an input of the reactive combiner. In the event of amplifier failure, the switches are used to electrically connect the short plate to an input of the reactive combiner in place of the failed amplifier.

Abstract: A 4-way power splitter/combiner circuit providing a plurality of transmission lines of selected impedance and phase shift to define four amplifier ports into which one to four amplifiers may be populated without reconfiguration of the circuit. The circuit provides acceptable VSWR and return loss under each operating condition.

Abstract: A radial power divider-combiner is disclosed. The divider-combiner includes a divider and a combiner. An input signal is provided to a transmission antenna that radiates the input signal inside the divider. Within the divider, the input signal is divided into a plurality of individual signals. The individual signals are received by receiving antennas and provided to respective amplifiers. The amplifiers amplify the respective individual signals by a desired amplification factor. The amplified individual signals are provided to a plurality of transmitting antennas within the combiner. Inside the combiner, the amplified individual signals are combined to form an output signal that is received by a receiving antenna in the combiner.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A compact inline waveguide power divider is provided that comprises a primary waveguide in communication with two parallel waveguides. The two parallel waveguides are stacked on top of one another and each parallel waveguide further comprises an output port. Accordingly, an input signal is transmitted through the primary waveguide and split between the two parallel waveguides. A resistive slot is formed in each of the parallel waveguides, thereby increasing output port isolation through dissipation of reflected power from one output port to the other. Further, a stepped or tapered impedance transformation is applied in each parallel waveguide to provide wide band frequency matching. Alternately, the primary waveguide and the parallel waveguides may be configured as a waveguide power combiner rather than a divider, wherein the parallel waveguides comprise input ports and the primary waveguide comprises an output port.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for optimizing elements of a narrow or intermediate band bandpass filter whereof the LC prototype has been determined. The invention is characterized in that it comprises steps which consist in: (i) breaking down several parallel or series capacitors of resonators with X elements, (ii) inserting pairs of transformers between the first and second separated element and the rest of the resonator, (iii) displacing the residual transformers to modify the impedance levels of the resonators, and (iv) absorbing the residual transformers by transformation. The invention also concerns the resulting filters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power management arrangement which comprises, formed as a multilayer structure (100), several insulating layers (130, 132, 134, 136); several conductive layers (124, 126, 128) functioning as reference planes; a first port (101), a second port (102) and a third port (104); a first transmission line (106) from the first port (101) to the second port (102), a second transmission line (108) from the first port (101) to the third port (104); means (110, 112, 114, 122) for connecting the transmission lines (106, 108) to the ports (101, 102, 104); and at least one passive element (116) between the second and the third port (102, 104). In the presented power management arrangement, the first transmission line (106) is in an insulating layer (130, 132, 134, 136) other than the one where the second transmission line (108) is.

Abstract: A circuit is provided where impedance converters (41-48) are provided such that active components (P1 to P8) can be switched off without power from the other active components leaking away through those components which are switched off.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and structures for connecting circuits and circuit elements processing electrical signals having very fast transition times, including sub-nanosecond transition times. It includes a connecting structure for connecting a multiplicity of signal lines at a common point to reduce unwanted reflections thereat; a single or multi-conductor female connector for receiving thin elements such as ribbon cable ends, printed circuit (PC) board edges, and the like; a structure for connecting together a multiplicity of ribbon cables terminating in such multi-conductor female connectors, and a further structure for connecting together a multiplicity of such multi-cable connectors to obtain maximum packing thereof, and minimum conductor lengths thereto, to obtain processing rates up to twenty-fold over what is available with present connecting methods and structures.

Abstract: A high power, non-directional tap coupler having low loss and expanded bandwidth using a novel airline coaxial line structure. Each of the main and secondary conductors forms a concentric structure of constant dimension over a substantial length inside a metallic housing. The coupled port conductor is connected perpendicularly at the middle point to the secondary conductor. The conductors form a novel structure in which coupling remains relatively constant over a broadband frequency range and main line VSWR remains low. The result is a non-directional tap coupler with a wideband operational frequency, a reduced physical size, and low loss and with good PIM performance.

Abstract: A directional coupler that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The directional coupler includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A wave device for supporting electromagnetic waves, the device including a first pair of inputs for setting up a first standing wave therebetween a second pair of inputs for setting up a second standing wave therebetween and positioned such that the input signal of each of the first and second pairs of inputs is unaffected by the other of the first and second pairs of inputs and an output positioned so as to receive power from both the first and second standing waves.

Abstract: A dielectric duplexer includes a substantially-rectangular-parallelepiped-shaped dielectric block. The interior of the dielectric block includes inner-conductor-formed holes containing inner conductors. An outer conductor is formed on the substantial entirety of an exterior surface of the dielectric block. Input/output electrodes and antenna input/output electrodes are formed at predetermined positions. Thus, the dielectric block is provided with a band eliminate filter and a band pass filter. A C-L-C &pgr;/2 phase circuit in which C, L, and C are arranged in the shape of the letter &pgr; is provided between an antenna and the antenna input/output electrode of the band eliminate filter, and the antenna is connected to the antenna input/output electrode of the band pass filter.

Abstract: There is provided a high-frequency GaAs power FET element with high performance, capable of suppressing an abnormal oscillation. Thin film resistors are provided so as to be connected electrically between incoming distributed constant lines connected electrically to FET chips, and thin film resistors are provided so as to be connected electrically between outgoing distributed constant lines electrically connected to FET chips. An unnecessary roundabout power is consumed by the thin film transistors in the incoming distributed constant lines and the outgoing distributed constant lines.

Abstract: A mini BNC connector, which provides a better signal transmission quality and can be fabricated conveniently, includes a metal outer casing with two locating cylinders and a joining chamber communicating with the two cylinders, two insulators fitted in the locating cylinders respectively with each of the two insulators having a piercing hole, two terminals joined to the piercing holes respectively with a tail section respectively extending to the joining chamber, two conductors connected to the tail sections respectively and a further insulator having two through holes joined to the conductors respectively and fitting with the inner side of the joining chamber so as to fix the conductors.

Abstract: The disclosed example of an N-way RF divider has a first conductor that directs RF energy through a body to a common node of a planar conductive pattern of equiangularly spaced, radially extending arms of equal length. Secondary conductors extend orthogonally to the planar pattern through corresponding passages from the ends of the radial arms. The secondary conductors may extend parallel to and circumferentially spaced from the first conductor. Resistors may connect adjacent ends of the secondary conductors opposite from the planar conductive pattern.

Abstract: An ultra broadband traveling wave divider/combiner (TWD/C) with a two section power splitter with an isolation resistor connected in series with a capacitor across the outputs of each set of transmission lines in the first and second sections. The TWD/C may be formed on a GaAs substrate in MMIC realization. The transmission lines may be formed using microstrip lines on a dielectric. A capacitor may be used with an input impedance step down unit to increase the bandwidth of the TWD/C.

Abstract: A four-way power combiner/splitter is disclosed that includes a first transmission line having a first non-grounding conductor and a first grounding conductor, wherein the first grounding conductor is grounded at a first end of the first transmission line. The combiner/splitter also has a second transmission line having a second non-grounding conductor and a second grounding conductor, wherein the second grounding conductor is grounded at a first end of the second transmission line. The non-grounding conductors of the first and second transmission lines are electrically coupled together at the respective first ends of the first and second transmission lines. An output/input port is provided that is electrically coupled to the first and second non-grounding conductors at the respective first ends of the first and second transmission lines.

Abstract: A broadband coupled-line N-way power combiner is presented for combining N RF signals into a common load. This combiner includes N≧2 input ports, a common output port, and N identical at least two-conductor coupled transmission lines, and N isolating resistors. Each of these two-conductor coupled transmission line has at one end one conductor connected to one of the input port of the power combiner, and another conductor connected to the common output port. At another end two conductors of each two-conductor coupled transmission line are terminated to one of the N isolating one-ports.

Abstract: In a power divider/combiner, two quarter wavelength lines are connected to a first I/O terminal. A first transmission line is connected between the other end of one of the quarter wavelength lines and one of the second I/O terminals, a second transmission line is connected between the other end of the remaining quarter wavelength line and the remaining second I/O terminal, a third transmission line is connected between an absorption resistor and the one of the second I/O terminals, and a forth transmission line is connected between the absorption resistor and the remaining second I/O terminal. Assuming that the characteristic impedance at the I/O terminals is Z0, the characteristic impedance of each of the four transmission lines is set to {square root over (2)}·Z0.

Abstract: A four-way non-directional power combiner employing cascaded 2:1 impedance step-up and step-down hybrid two-way combiners such that the use of additional impedance matching transformers is not required is disclosed. Unlike prior art combiners, the combiner disclosed employs a simple design which requires as few as eight transmission lines and four even mode impedance inhibitors, which may comprise ferrite cores. The non-directional signal combiner utilizes the inherent impedance transformation characteristics of a hybrid circuit in a four-way combiner, thereby eliminating the need for impedance matching transformers, and wherein the step-up and step-down hybrid circuits are interconnected in a balanced arrangement, thereby eliminating transmission line sections resulting in a shorter signal path with reduced losses from input to output.

Abstract: A circuit for an output divider has an input port, an output port coupled to the input port at a first node, and a voltage controlled element, such as a varactor, having a first end coupled at the first node to the input port. A second end is coupled to a resistive element, such as a resistor, with the resistive element being coupled to a signal ground. The first end of the voltage controlled element is adapted to be coupled to a reference voltage of a load, the voltage controlled element having a high impedance when the reference voltage is present and having a low impedance when the reference voltage is not present. The impedance seen from the input port is substantially the impedance of the load when the reference voltage is present, and the impedance seen from the input port is substantially the impedance of the resistive element when the reference voltage is not present.

Abstract: In a power distribution/synthesis apparatus, two quarter wavelength lines are connected to a first I/O terminal. A first transmission line is connected between the other end of one of the quarter wavelength lines and one of the second I/O terminals, a second transmission line is connected between the other end of the remaining quarter wavelength line and the remaining second I/O terminal, a third transmission line is connected between an absorption resistor and the one of the second I/O terminals, and a forth transmission line is connected between the absorption resistor and the remaining second I/O terminal. Assuming that the characteristic impedance at the I/O terminals is Z0, the characteristic impedance of each of the four transmission lines is set to {square root}2·Z0.

Abstract: The invention provides a filtering device of the transmission-reception switched type which can be constructed in a form with a reduced size at a low cost without having to use circuit elements such as a capacitor, a coil, and a transmission line forming a phase shift circuit which are not essential to the filtering device. Inner conductors serving as distributed-parameter resonance lines are formed in a dielectric block. There is provided a coupling line coupled with particular inner conductors. The open-circuited ends of these particular inner conductors are connected to an outer conductor via corresponding diode switches so that transmission and reception filters are switched from each other when either diode switch is selectively turned on.

Abstract: An impedance transforming device includes a first port capable of receiving first signals. A first switching device is electrically connected to the first port. The first switching device is electrically and dynamically connected to an input of one of at least two impedance transforming devices. A second switching device is electrically and dynamically connected to an output of the impedance transforming device. A second port, electrically connected to the second switching device, is capable of outputting second signals. The impedance transforming device is determined at least as a function of respective impedance transformations of the impedance transforming devices.

Abstract: A power divider divides an RF signal into two output signals having a phase difference of 180° or a multiple thereof. When the RF signal is a square wave or another harmonically rich signal, the phases of the fundamental and the harmonics have the proper relationship. The divider can be implemented in the form of microstrips on a board, with one of the output microstrips having several bends to provide a different electrical length from the other.

Abstract: A signal combiner assembly having a common ground plane and first and second coaxial cable connectors is provided. Each of the first and second coaxial cable connectors includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductors being connected to the common ground plane. First and second coaxial cables, each having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, are also provided. The inner conductor of the first coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the first coaxial cable connector and a sum port, while the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable connector and the sum port. The first and second coaxial cables passing through a hole provided in a piece of magnetic material from opposite sides of the hole. Preferably, the piece of magnetic material is formed from a ferrite and takes the shape of a toroid or squaroid.

Abstract: A device for receiving and/or transmitting an electromagnetic oscillation is described utilizing an antenna element and at least two wave-guiding assemblies which are each connected to a connection point of the antenna element via a respective supply device, and which are otherwise mutually insulated with respect to the electromagnetic oscillation. Each assembly comprise a conductor part which is coupled to the associated supply device in each of the wave-guiding assemblies for the transmission of the electromagnetic oscillation. The wave-guiding assemblies are designed for receiving and/or transmitting the electromagnetic oscillation via the supply device, and the conductor parts are constructed for receiving and/or radiating the electromagnetic oscillation in a manner comparable to the manner in which the antenna element operates. This device has a plurality of antennas without an appreciable increase in expenditure compared with a similar device having a single antenna element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a summing member comprising in-connectors for receiving and combining different RF signals and an out-connector for supplying the combined signals further, at least one of the connectors being coaxial and comprising an elongated rod-like inner conductor, and an outer conductor surrounding the rod-like inner conductor. To provide an adjustable summing point, said at least one connector comprises a moveable part of low-loss dielectric material or ferrimagnetic material, the part surrounding at least the inner conductor and being moveable lengthwise of the inner conductor so as to adjust the phase angle of a wave reflecting from the connector.

Abstract: In a method for forming microwave testing high-power dummy load, a first center conductor, to which microwave power is input, is connected to a power distributor formed from a second center conductor having an output-side distal end branching into a plurality of portions. This causes the microwave power input to the first center conductor to separate into a plurality of outputs in correspondence with the output-side distal end of the second center conductor. A plurality of termination resistors are connected between the output-side distal end of the second center conductor and a ground conductor to make the termination resistors consume the microwave power. The heat generated by the termination resistors upon consumption of the microwave power is radiated by the ground conductor. A microwave testing high-power dummy load apparatus made by the above described method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A broadband coupled-line N-way power combiner is presented for combining N RF signals into a common load. This combiner includes N.gtoreq.2 input ports, a common output port, and N identical at least two-conductor coupled transmission lines, and N isolating resistors. Each of these two-conductor coupled transmission line has at one end one conductor connected to one of the input port of the power combiner, and another conductor connected to the common output port. At another end two conductors of each two-conductor coupled transmission line are terminated to one of the N isolating resistors. The opposite ends of these resistors are connected to each other in a ring. This power combiner also can operate in reverse as N-way power divider.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner for dividing received powers at 4 input ports, transmitting the divided powers to each of 4 output ports and combining the transmitted powers at each of the output ports. The power divider combiner has through transmission lines flanked on either side by secondary through transmission lines that interconnect corresponding input and output ports. The through transmission lines are likewise interconnected at a center node by a plurality of branch transmission lines. A method for making a power divider/combiner includes merging two 0 dB couplers by joining the center points of each of the branch transmission lines.

Abstract: An RF coupler incorporating a pair of branch circuits which combine first and second input signals supplied at the same impedance level, amplitude and phase into an output signal at the same impedance level, twice the amplitude and phase shifted with respect to the input signals when both input signals are present, and which, if only one of the input signals is present, passes that input signal through its branch circuit to the output without loss, while terminating the branch circuit associated with the absent input signal with an equal impedance.

Abstract: A tool is described for shunting a multi-tap for an RF cable system by connecting a low-pass filter between an unused input port and an unused output port of the multi-tap. The components of the filter are such as not to interfere with the circuits of the multi-tap when both are in the circuit. A light is provided for indicating when the tool is in operative position.

Abstract: A divider/combiner circuit for dividing or combining radio frequency power applicable to communication units utilizing a microwave band or the like. The divider/combiner circuit includes first, second and third nodes with a first transmission line electrically coupled to the first node and to the second node. In addition, the divider/combiner circuit includes a second transmission line electrically coupled to the first node and to the third node. An adjusting circuit is electrically coupled to the second node and to the third node. The adjusting circuit includes a resistance and a phase shifter. The resistance is located between points having substantially equal phases with respect to the second node and to the third node, respectively.

Abstract: A multi-tap is described having two compartments, a microstrip in each compartment for conducting RF signals and AC power from an input at one end of the multi-tap to a first output port at the other end, a cover for each compartment having a circuit thereon that is substituted for the microstrip in a compartment when the cover closes that compartment, a device near the first output port that can be adjusted to direct RF signals and AC power passing through the microstrips to a point other than the first output port and additional microstrips for conducting RF signals and AC power from that point, when the RF signals and AC power are present thereat, to a second output port located near the input port. Grounding shields are provided for shorting the additional microstrips when the device is adjusted to deliver RF signals and AC power to the first output port. When the cover of a compartment is closed, it activates a switches formed in part by ends of the microstrips.

Abstract: A non-directional signal combiner including a common ground plane, first and second coaxial cable connectors and a sum port. Each of the connectors has an inner conductor and an outer conductor, with the outer conductors connected to the common ground plane. The combiner also includes first and second coaxial cables, each having inner and outer conductors. The inner conductor of the first coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the first connector and the sum port, while the inner conductor of the second coaxial cable extends between the inner conductor of the second connector and the sum port. Each of the first and the second coaxial cables are wound into coils.

Abstract: A circuit for combining and dividing a high frequency power including a first transmission line connected between a first port and a third port, a second transmission line connected between a second port and the third port, and a circuit section having one end connected between the first port and the first transmission line and the other end connected between the second port and the second transmission line, the circuit section including a resistor and at least one capacitor connected in series.

Abstract: The present invention provides for high speed signal buses in printed circuit boards. For high speed operation, each signal line of a bus has substantially the same electrical length as the other signal lines and forms a loop in two halves, each half electrically shielded from the other half. Each signal line has a first and a second terminal, with each terminal connected to a reference bias voltage through a first resistance which matches a loaded characteristic impedance of the signal line. The reference bias voltage is set at a midpoint of signal voltage swings on the signal line. Such high speed buses have particular applications to high speed memory systems with DRAMs.

Abstract: A high-powered, solid state microwave and millimeter wave, power combiner and divider is provided by using a plurality of radially oriented tapered slotline cards disposed in a center cylindrical coaxial section between its inner and outer conductors. The cylindrical coaxial section in turn is coupled to a conical input coaxial section that couples and distributes the input signal among the plurality of cards, and an output coaxial section that combines the output signal from the plurality of cards to an output coaxial terminal. The device is compact with broadband performance and provides a natural heat sink for a plurality of lower powered devices, which enables the power combiner to use a large number of lower powered devices to meet larger power requirements.

Abstract: A non-directional tap coupler for use in high power operation over a wide bandwidth is provided. The tap coupler has an input line electrically connectable to a transmission line of a distributed transmission line system, a tap line coupled to the input line and an output line coupled to the input line. The input line, tap line and output line include sections having different characteristic impedances, with all of the different characteristic impedances falling within a practical characteristic impedance range. An electrical junction where the input line electrically joins the tap line and the output line is provided with a predetermined impedance value to ensure that the sections of the tap line and the output line all fall within the practical characteristic impedance range.

Abstract: Microwave power divider/combiners are provided which divide received powers at each of 2.sup.n input ports transmit the divided powers to each of 2.sup.n output ports and combine the transmitted powers at each of the output ports. They have through transmission lines which each couple respective pairs of the input and output ports. In addition, they include shunt transmission lines, an input network of transmission lines which couples the input ports to first ends of the shunt transmission lines and an output network of transmission lines which couples second ends of the shunt transmission lines to the output ports to thereby provide transmission paths from each of the input ports to each of the output ports. The input and output transmission-line networks are configured to be identical and to cause the power divider/combiner to have interport symmetry between the input and output ports and intraport symmetry between any equal sets of input and output ports.

Abstract: A high power Gysel multinode power network for an RF signal, having a plurality of RF ports, a plurality of RF isolation loads, each load being connected through a coaxial transmission line to a respective RF port, a combined port, comprising a first hub having a plurality of first radiating arms, each radiating arm comprising a coaxial transmission line extending to one of said RF ports, a node, comprising a second hub having a plurality of second radiating arms, each radiating arm comprising a coaxial transmission line extending to one of said RF isolation loads; and a common heat sink for dissipating heat from said plurality of RF isolation loads.

Abstract: A power divider directional coupler comprised of coupled transmission line sections at the beginning of each of a plurality of subdivided transmission lines wherein each subdivided transmission line has a unique characteristic impedance, even mode impedance and odd mode impedance. The coupled transmission line sections are shorted and function as quarter-wave transformers providing a center frequency electrical transmission phase of 90 degrees.

Abstract: A signal processing arrangement adjusts baud timing in a communication system receiver, wherein an information signal comprised of (sin(x))/x function contributions of successively adjacent bits is received via a memoryless channel. The information signal is sampled in accordance with a baud sampling clock signal, to derive successive samples of bits contained in the information signal. The sampling clock signal has a baud sampling clock frequency that is adjusted by a phase locked loop in accordance with a timing error signal. The signal processing arrangement comprises an intersymbol interference (ISI) correlation-driven baud timing recovery scheme which makes use of the fact that, for a given bit, at all instances in time other than where its peak occurs, the channel will contain energy from adjacent bits, so that there will be a substantial correlation of channel energy among successively adjacent bits of a transmitted sequence.

Abstract: A phase splitter includes an input port coupled to receive a modulated carrier having a relatively wide bandwidth and has first and second output ports for supplying, respectively, first and second modulated carrier constituents having a uniform phase angle differential, such as 180.degree., between one another while maintaining a uniform amplitude over the bandwidth for the modulated carrier. A transmission line comprised of one or more individual segments includes first and second conductors respectively coupled to the output ports of the phase splitter to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents from the phase splitter. A coupler is positioned sufficiently near the transmission line to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents being applied to any of the individual segments.

Abstract: A variable differential phase shifter is provided. The device provides a continuous variation in phase between two outputs derived from a single input. The device is suitable for application at signal frequencies around 900 MHz, and is constructed in the form of an inner (38) and outer (37) sleeve capacitively coupled to an inner conductive rod (24) and outer conductive tube (26) respectively, wherein the inner (38), and outer (37) sleeves are connected to an input and can be moved in fixed relative relation thereby varying the phase relationship between the two outputs which are connected to the inner rod (24) and outer tube (26). A dielectric layer (25 and 27) may be provided around the inner rod (24) and outer tube (26). An unequal power division version of the device is provided for by the inclusion of a dielectric tube surrounding a portion of the inner rod.

Abstract: A variable impedance coaxial transmission line having a center conductor of constant cross-section, an outer conductor surrounding and coaxial with the center conductor and spaced radially therefrom, and a variable dielectric constant material between the center conductor and the outer conductor. The variable dielectric constant material has a plurality of alternating elements of high dielectric material and low dielectric material arranged along the center conductor from a first end to a second end of the center conductor. The invention also includes a reduced size, high-power broadband power/divider incorporating the variable impedance coaxial transmission line.

Abstract: A power divider/combiner which can be installed flexibly, with small changes either as a divider/combiner or as a lossless transmission line. The configuration of the power divider/combiner into a lossless transmission line is realized by a parallel connection of two non-symmetrical transmission lines which usually have different impedances. One of the transmission lines is a branch present in a Wilkinson divider, and the other is an extra branch formed inside the divider/combiner.