Abstract: Currently, in transformationally coupled linear data bus systems having separate transmission and reception lines, two transformers are used in order to achieve electrical isolation of data bus and terminal. According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a data bus system is specified in which the terminal is connected via a directional coupler to the data bus lines in order to transmit and receive data via the data bus.

Abstract: A distributed combiner/splitter having a first line formed of a first planar winding in a first conductive level and of a second planar winding in a second conductive level, and a second line formed of a third planar winding interdigited with the first winding in the first level, and of a fourth planar winding interdigited with the second winding in the second level, the windings having an increasing width from the outside to the inside.

Abstract: The coupler of the present invention includes a plurality of core members that are disposed between the semi-conductive ground jacket and neutral conductor of a standard URD MV cable. The core members are series wound by a transformer conductor, which forms a secondary winding that is coupled to the primary of a transformer, which provides impedance translation and/or isolation. The secondary of the transformer is coupled to a connector for communicating data signals through the coupler.

Abstract: A DSL modem comprises an additional transformer and additional coils on a coupling transformer to couple a received signal on a transmission line to a receive path without loss due to an active impedance. The ratio of windings on the coils allows gain to be introduced to improve the signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: The coupler of the present invention includes a plurality of core members that are disposed between the semi-conductive ground jacket and neutral conductor of a standard URD MV cable. The core members are series wound by a transformer conductor, which forms a secondary winding that is coupled to the primary of a transformer, which provides impedance translation and/or isolation. The secondary of the transformer is coupled to a connector for communicating data signals through the coupler.

Abstract: A three way power splitter that has a small package size. The three way power splitter includes a multi-layered low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. An input transformer and three output transformers are attached to the top of the substrate. The transformers have wires that are attached to terminals on the top of the substrate. Three resistors are located on the top surface of the substrate under the transformers. A capacitor is located within the substrate. Terminals are also located on the bottom of the substrate. Several conductive vias extend through the substrate and connect the resistors, the capacitor and the terminals.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A low cost power splitter that has a small size and can be used with automated surface mount manufacturing equipment. The power splitter includes a case having a cavity and a lead mounting surface. Leads are secured to the lead mounting surface. A substrate is mounted in the cavity. The substrate has top surface, a bottom surface and inner layers. A resistor is formed on the top surface. A capacitor is formed on the inner layers. Terminals are located on the top surface and vias extend through the substrate. A pair of transformers are attached to the bottom surface and to the case by an adhesive. The transformers have windings that are connected to the terminals. Connector wires are connected between the terminals and the leads.

Abstract: A splitter circuit (19) serves to combine on the transmission side signals which are to be transmitted in different frequency bands (A-C), as well as to separate on the reception side these signals which are transmitted in different frequency bands. For this purpose, the splitter circuit (19) has a circuit section (13) designed as purely passive, for the rough signal and impedance separation, as well as the filters (3, 4; 9, 10) allocated to the individual transmission and reception sections, for the exact filtering out of the individual signal in each case. These separate filters (3, 4; 9, 10) are arranged in the transmission direction upstream of a corresponding four-wire/two-wire conversion, and in the reception direction downstream of a corresponding two-wire/four-wire conversion, so that the signal stream takes place via these filters in one direction only, and the filters can be designed as purely active filters or digital filters.

Abstract: An insertion box provides a plurality of input and output ports. Each input port corresponds with a predefined and unchanging set of output ports. Insertion of a signal into a particular input port results in that signal being delivered to each of the corresponding output ports. The dissemination functionality is performed by RF circuitry that is typically housed within the insertion box, and is interposed between the input ports and the output ports. The RF circuitry is composed of combiner circuits and splitter circuits. The RF circuitry is designed so that when a combiner is used as an input stage for a splitter, a transformer, usually used to convert an input or output impedance to match a characteristic line impedance, is eliminated. Elimination of such a transformer results in a concomitant reduction in signal loss.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors, capacitors and ground planes are integrated within the LTTC substrate. A binocular core transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTTC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors, capacitors and ground plane. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTTC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending through the layers. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to terminals on outer surfaces of the substrate and to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTTC substrate. The power splitter circuit requires only one transformer.

Abstract: A harmonic wave distortion suppressor includes a main body, at least a connecting pin and a coating. The main body is made of a first material and covered with a second material for absorbing an instantaneous high voltage or sharp wave. The connecting pin is coupled to two lateral sides of the main body respectively so as to form a capacitor. The coating is coated on the main body locally with a clearance being exposed and the clearance provides a function of charging and discharging locally. When the high voltage or sharp wave passes through the harmonic wave distortion suppressor, peak discharging effect of the clearance can not only isolate the high voltage or sharp wave from entering an electronic device but also prevent an iron core in the electronic device from occurring magnetization effect resulting from the high voltage or sharp wave so that quality of signal transmission and receiving can be secured.

Abstract: An insertion box provides a plurality of input and output ports. Each input port corresponds with a predefined and unchanging set of output ports. Insertion of a signal into a particular input port results in that signal being delivered to each of the corresponding output ports. The dissemination functionality is performed by RF circuitry that is typically housed within the insertion box, and is interposed between the input ports and the output ports. The RF circuitry is composed of combiner circuits and splitter circuits. The RF circuitry is designed so that when a combiner is used as an input stage for a splitter, a transformer, usually used to convert an input or output impedance to match a characteristic line impedance, is eliminated. Elimination of such a transformer results in a concomitant reduction in signal loss.

Abstract: A power splitter/divider may be used with a paralleled amplifier. The power splitter/divider includes a common port and a distribution structure for distributing equal-amplitude samples of the applied signal from the common port to four cascades of artificial transmission lines. The impedances of the sections of artificial transmission line are stepped, in order to provide an impedance transformation between the individual ports and the impedance presented to the common port. When there are four cascades, each presents an impedance of 200 ohms to the common port, for operation in a 50-ohm system. Each artificial transmission line of each cascade includes at least two planar, spirally disposed elongated conductors, spaced to provide mutual coupling between turns. In at least some of the artificial transmission lines, discrete capacitors aid in forming pi sections of transmission line.

Abstract: A tuning circuit for a circuit board having an inductor coupling a first and a second trace, the tuning circuit including a first tuning coil having a loop partially extending over the inductor and a second tuning coil having a loop also partially extending over the inductor. The loop of the second tuning coil also partially extends over the loop of the first tuning coil. The circuit is tuned by adjusting the spacing between the loops of the first and second tuning coils and/or adjusting the spacing between the loops and the circuit board.

Abstract: A CEBus coupler for a pair of power-lines includes a housing in the form of a miniature two-pole circuit breaker. A wire pigtail electrically connects to a neutral power-line. First and second circuit breaker stabs are disposed on the housing. An inductively coupled circuit couples a CEBus power-line carrier signal, as referenced to the neutral power-line, between one of the first and second circuit breaker stabs, and the other of the first and second circuit breaker stabs.

Abstract: A standard, high performance CATV signal splitter that operates at high signal levels with greatly reduced intermodulation distortion. The circuit retains the presently accepted performance standards for RF signal splitters while reducing the unacceptable distortion resulting from the higher signal levels currently encountered in applications such as Internet communication. The improved signal splitter circuitry reduces or eliminates signal distortion due to magnetization of the ferrite core material. Such core magnetization occurs in prior art signal splitters when the high permeability ferrite core of the transformer is exposed to random electrical spikes, power surges, and static charge build-up. In the present invention, a tuned circuit is added in the output balance section of a prior art signal splitter to confine the transformer performance to the narrower range of CATV frequencies.

Abstract: A power line communications apparatus and method for providing communications over power leads connecting two pieces of electrical equipment. One power lead is split into similarly sized first and second parallel conductors. The first and second conductors pass through a current transformer, the first conductor having a load current flow opposite the second conductor with respect to the current transformer. The transmitted communications signal is applied to the secondary of the current transformer and is induced on the primary of the transformer, namely a loop formed by the first and second conductors. A second current transformer serves as a receiving transducer and senses the communications signal on the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A power splitter/divider may be used with a paralleled amplifier. The power splitter/divider includes a common port and a distribution structure for distributing equal-amplitude samples of the applied signal from the common port to four cascades of artificial transmission lines. The impedances of the sections of artificial transmission line are stepped, in order to provide an impedance transformation between the individual ports and the impedance presented to the common port. When there are four cascades, each presents an impedance of 200 ohms to the common port, for operation in a 50-ohm system. Each artificial transmission line of each cascade includes at least two planar, spirally disposed elongated conductors, spaced to provide mutual coupling between turns. In at least some of the artificial transmission lines, discrete capacitors aid in forming pi sections of transmission line.

Abstract: A CEBus coupler for a pair of power-lines includes a housing in the form of a miniature two-pole circuit breaker. A wire pigtail electrically connects to a neutral power-line. First and second circuit breaker stabs are disposed on the housing. An inductively coupled circuit couples a CEBus power-line carrier signal, as referenced to the neutral power-line, between one of the first and second circuit breaker stabs, and the other of the first and second circuit breaker stabs.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A bidirectional communications interface employs the same path for transmitting and receiving. The bidirectional communications interface includes one two winding transformer for both transmit and receive and an integrated circuit having a transmitter and a receiver each connected to the same pair of input/output pins. The interface enables a communications node in a communications network to transmit data to and receive data from other nodes in the network.

Abstract: A system and method for constructing a resistance integrated coupler adapted to be coupled between a data bus and a terminal device. The system and method includes the steps of calculating a desired resistance of a set of data-bus windings, wherein the desired resistance is substantially (1.5×Zo), wherein Zo is a selected data bus cable nominal characteristic impedance; winding the set of data-bus windings to form a first part of the resistance integrated coupler using a specified amount of high resistance wire, the specified amount of high resistance wire having a total resistance substantially equal to the calculated desired resistance; and winding a set of terminal device windings to form a second part of the resistance integrated coupler. The resistance integrated coupler is constructed substantially in accordance with the guidelines of MIL-STD-1553B.

Abstract: A splitter for passband signals up to several GHz has symmetrical transformer windings that are connected together at input ends and extend to output ends. An input resistor connects between an input terminal of the splitter and the connected input ends of the windings. A respective output resistor connects between each output end of the windings and a respective output terminal of the splitter. A respective shunt resistor connects between each output end of the windings and ground. A resistor and capacitor in series connect between two of the output ends of the windings.

Abstract: A multi level splitter device suitable for CATV distribution systems utilizes transformers with bi-multiplefilar windings as well as impedance matching transformers selectively placed and port isolation techniques to provide excellent performance throughout a very broad frequency range. The device may utilize a standard JEDEC surface mount package, for example a 84 pin PLCC package which allows isolation of each of the output port terminals intermediate grounded terminals minimizing output line to output line crosstalk. Further, output line isolation is provided by use of resistors across adjacent "split" output lines.

Abstract: A multi-phase coupler including a noise reduction circuit which provides two output signals which are separately shifted in phase with respect to an input radio frequency (RF) signal. The input RF signal is capacitively phase-shifted to lead the phase of an input RF signal to provide one output signal and is inductively phase-shifted to lag the phase of an input RF signal to provide a second output signal. The two phase-shifted outputs are impedance matched to the dual input ports of a balanced radiating structure that acts as a point source when the input ports are driven in phase quadrature.

Abstract: A multi-tap RF modulator includes an amplifier for amplifying a telecast RF signal input to an antenna input port; a modulation section for modulating the RF signal output from a VCR, SVR, or game player; and a mixer/splitter having more than one RF output tap and for mixing the first RF signal output from the amplifier and the second RF signal output from the modulation section, the mixed RF signals being distributed into more than one RF signal. The modulator with more than one output tap enables a user to view several TV sets at the same time.

Abstract: An RF signal offset circuit using a half wavelength transmission line is provided. The RF signal offset circuit includes an RF transformer having an input coil and an output coil. The input coil has first and second input ports. The output coil has first and second output ports. One of the output ports is grounded. A half wavelength transmission line having first and second ends is connected in parallel to the input coil of the RF transformer. First and second resistance devices are respectively connected between the first end of the transmission line and the first input port of the RF transformer and between the second end of the transmission line and the second input port of the RF transformer.

Abstract: A tap for delivering electrical power and video signals to subscriber substations includes an input coupling module for coupling a main video signal and a main power signal from a cable conductor to the tap. Means are provided for generating a subscriber video signal and a subscriber power signal by extracting portions of the signals from the main cable. The subscriber video signals and subscriber power signals then are transmitted to subscriber substations. Communication devices in the subscriber substations can be powered by the subscriber power signal in the absence of electrical power from a power utility.

Abstract: A line coupler is provided having a bus line piece, at least one transformer, two electrically shielded housings and a coupling site. The transformer is equipped with two primary and two secondary winding terminals. The two primary winding terminals are connected to the pair of coupling elements located at the coupling site. Each coupling element is connected to one of the bus line wires contained in the bus line piece. The secondary winding terminals are connected to branch line wires, which are brought out from the secondary electrical shielded housing. The two electrically shielded housings are electrically connected to each other by two connectors, these connectors also allow the two housings to be releasably connected.

Abstract: A bidirectional communications interface employs the same path for transmitting and receiving. The bidirectional communications interface includes one two winding transformer for both transmit and receive and an integrated circuit having a transmitter and a receiver each connected to the same pair of input/output pins. The interface enables a communications node in a communications network to transmit data to and receive data from other nodes in the network.

Abstract: A radio frequency choke for use in a cable television transmission and distribution circuit is disclosed. The radio frequency choke comprises a core of zinc-ferrite material as provided by MMG/NEOSID, Ltd., part number 31P0250012, and a wire coil wound around the core. The coil includes a first lead, a first clockwise winding of N1 turns around the core, the first lead being connected to an input of the first winding, a second counterclockwise winding of N2 turns around the core, a third counterclockwise winding of N3 turns around the core, and a second lead connected to an output of the fourth winding. In a preferred embodiment, there are six turns in the first clockwise winding, five turns in the second clockwise winding, and five turns in the third counterclockwise winding. Moreover, in the preferred embodiment, resonance damping resistors of approximately 2 K.OMEGA. are connected between the windings of the radio frequency choke.

Abstract: A transformer circuit disclosed performs wideband impedance transformation (matching) and can be used for voltage step-up and step-down applications. The circuit disclosed is comprised of two transmission line transformers and two reactive impedances that compensate the circuit for impedance versus frequency. The circuit disclosed performs a very wideband impedance ratio of 1:9. The circuit may have different turns ratios for transformers T1 and T2 and different values for reactive impedances Z1 and Z2 to accommodate rational, fractional and integer values of transformation up to an impedance ratio of 16:1. Incorporation of a balun in the second transformer provides balanced output.

Abstract: An induction device for high radio frequency signal distributor which is able to act as a right signal distributing induction device on the right side of the high radio frequency signal distributor and act as a left signal distributing induction device on the left side of the high radio frequency signal distributor. Accordingly, the induction device comprises a pair of conductive cores and a plurality of enamel copper wires or insulated copper wires intertwined around the two cores in predetermined manner for accommodating high radio frequency signal distributor so as to enable the transmission frequency range of radio frequency signal distributing circuit to extend to 1000 MHz. Thus the number of channels of cable TV can be increased.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables. The tap comprises a pair of coupled transmission lines, means for connecting said transmission lines to said first cable, and means for connecting said transmission lines to said second cable.

Abstract: A wide band (20 MHz to 2 GHz) four way RF power splitter/combiner is fabricated from four lengths of hard line mounted on a printed circuit board. Slots in the board allow for ferrite sleeves, and allow the hard line to be mounted right next to the surface(s) of the board. The pieces of hard line do not cross each other, and do not pass from one side of the board to the other. Two of the pieces are on one side of the board, while the other two are on the other. Within one pair the two pieces of hard line lie essentially along a straight line. Within the other pair the two pieces are offset, parallel and overlap slightly. All four pieces are parallel. Of the four pieces, one pair may be preformed to be two identical parts; the other pair may be also, although one pair may have a longer portion of center conductor extending beyond a 90.degree. bend. All four pieces of hard line are straight (i.e., their outer shields are straight, and are not bent).

Abstract: An RF Choke and tap having improved insertion loss, amplitude modulated distortion of video and audio carrier signals at CATV frequencies. The RF choke includes a 20 AWG magnetic wire wound on a ferrite rod. The magnetic field effects of the choke are optimized by selecting the choke winding pattern, rod core material and positioning of a resistor between selected windings. The wire is wound by placing two groups of the 4 tightly wound wires adjacent the ends of the rod. A group of 3 very loosely wound wires is separated from the wound wires and placed between the groups of 4 tightly wound wires. A resistor is electrically connected to a first wire in one of the groups of tightly wound wires and connected to a first wire in the group of the loosely wound wires.

Abstract: To avoid deterioration of isolation between two distributed power outputs in higher and lower end portions of an available frequency region of a Wilkinson power distributor, plural stages of ferrite-loaded close-coupled parallel dual lines for providing a Wilkinson power distributor, an electric length of which lines is shortened within a range in which desired isolation can be obtained, are connected in cascade. As a result, two distributed power outputs having a constant phase difference with sufficient isolation throughout an extremely wide frequency range can be obtained.

Abstract: A transformer-coupled, bridged-T network for connection of a load to an electrical communication network includes a transformer with a center tap and two end taps, a drop cable for electrical connection of the load to the center tap and passive elements connected across the transformer to compensate for impedance of the drop cable and the load when the load is connected through the drop cable to the center tap

Abstract: A variable RF power splitter including three serially connected inductors (14, 15, 16) powered by an RF power source (11, 12). Two loads (17, 18), between which the RF power is to be split, are connected to ground from two different points in the inductance string. A variable reactance (19) connected to ground from another point in the inductance string controls the RF power splitting.

Abstract: A signal splitter circuit accepts an input signal and conveys the input signal to two output ports. The circuit operates with minimal attenuation, throughout a very wide bandwidth, and also effectively isolates the output ports from each other. The signal from the input port is coupled to an autotransformer, and the ends of the autotransformer are connected to the respective output ports. A bridge load circuit which includes a transformer winding and a load connected in parallel, is inductively coupled to the autotransformer. The bridge load circuit has no connection to the splitter circuit, other than through the inductive coupling. The splitter circuit also includes inductors in series with the output ports and capacitors in parallel with the output ports. The circuit provides a balanced bridge circuit which cancels signals traveling between the output ports, and the inductors and capacitors provide impedance matching between the input port and output ports.

Abstract: A modularly-designed FM vehicle radio for operation in connection with a plurality of antennas is disclosed, where the summing circuit consists of a series connection of the secondary coils of the output transformers of the input stages.

Abstract: Two unequal impedance input port RF power combiner is used alone or as a component of a three equal input impedance input port RF power combiner with isolation between all ports. The combiner has a band pass of at least two octaves and the capacity to handle at least 5 kw. The combiner may be used in a transmission system and methods of isolation of the input ports by the resistive shunting of selected transformer windings are disclosed.

Abstract: A transformer bus coupler, which connects a transceiver to a data bus without impedance discontinuities. The transformer bus coupler maintains the voltage-to-current ratio of signals as they enter and leave the coupler by providing a shunt circuit that attenuates the current of these signals by the same ratio that the series elements of the coupler attenuate the voltage. The result is an avoidance of impedance discontinuities, which would otherwise result in the signal reflections and the loss of signal fidelity experienced by prior art data bus couplers.

Abstract: A circuit for combining electronic signal power from multiple input ports to a single set of output terminals or for dividing a single signal at a set of input terminals and providing it to multiple output ports. The circuit has a three-winding transformer and a balance resistor or resistors corresponding to each of the multiple ports. Each port is connected to a first winding of its corresponding transformer. The second windings of the transformers are connected together and to the single set of terminals. Third windings of the transformers are connected together through their corresponding balance resistors.

Abstract: The invention is comprised of printed circuit boards having printed networks for improving electrical isolation at high frequencies. The invention provides more than 25 dB of isolation in the 1 GHz range. The invention is particularly useful for signal splitting applications. Multiple two way splitters, each made in accordance with the present invention, can be combined to form four way splitters, and so on.

Abstract: A transmission line transformer device has a body of magnetically permeable material defining two passages each of which is adapted to receive a pair of conductors which extend up one passage, between the passages and down the other passage. The conductor insulation and spacing are adapted to provide a predetermined characteristic impedance across the bandwidth and the body dimensions and passage spacing are adapted to provide isolation between the conductors and selected impedance across the bandwidth.

Abstract: A passive impedance matching device incorporates a pair of power splitters, each having a transformer core with a center tapped winding shunted by a resistance having a predetermined value. The power splitter windings have their center taps connected to the input terminals. The arrangement creates a virtual ground and thus avoids the need to create an unbalanced signal. By cascading stages the input signal can be split any number of times. Unused outputs are terminated with their characteristic impedance.

Abstract: A low frequency multi-port signal coupler employing hybrid transformer coupling circuitry for intercoupling from a main communication line to output taps. In one embodiment, the coupler has two tap ports interconnected by two core transformers, each having a termination resistor associated therewith. In another embodiment of the invention, there are four tap ports interconnected by three core transformers and a shunted inductor, and having three termination resistors and a split-matching isolation resistor associated with the output taps. An impedance matching resistance is provided at the input and output of the two port embodiment.

Abstract: An RF coupling device is formed on a hybrid printed circuit which avoids discrete capacitors or resistors. The substrate is formed of refractory dielectric sheet, such as alumina or another ceramic. A printed conductor is printed on the front surface of the substrate, and has one or more broadened portions formed on it as capacitor plates. One or more printed resistors are in contact with the printed conductor. A ground pad is printed in a predetermined pattern onto a portion of the reverse surface of the substrate at selected locations. The ground pad has one or more portions that are in registry with the capacitor plates and serve as grounded plates for the capacitors. One or more inductors can be printed onto the substrate in a meander pattern and in contact with the remainder of the printed conductor. The printed circuit receives one or more RF transformers whose leads can be soldered to the printed circuit.