Abstract: A hybrid RF electronic impedance tuner is made using multiple PIN diodes or MOSFETs mounted in a low loss slabline, between the bottom surface of the center conductor and ground. The diodes and FETs are DC controlled individually and spaced appropriately along the slabline for maximum Gamma and bandwidth. The electronic tuner is combined with a feed forward active loop using an adjustable wave-probe coupler and a fixed coupler or circulator to enhance the reflected signal towards the DUT. As a result, reflection factor up to 1 at DUT reference plane is reached, combined with the high tuning speed of the electronic tuner.

Abstract: An inductive wireless power transfer and communication system includes an electrostatic shield for one of the coils. The electrostatic shield is inductively coupled with the coil and is configured as an open circuit. A signal processing element or elements, especially a modulator or a demodulator, are connected across the electrical discontinuity in the electrostatic shield. Because the electrostatic shield is inductively coupled to the coil, the modulator or demodulator can operate on the signal on the coil. A variable impedance element is connected across the electrical discontinuity in the electrostatic shield. Because the electrostatic shield is inductively coupled to the coil, the variable impedance element can tune the impedance of the system.

Abstract: A self-tuning impedance-matching microelectromechanical (MEMS) circuit, methods for making and using the same, and circuits including the same are disclosed. The MEMS circuit includes a tunable reactance element connected to a first mechanical spring, a separate tunable or fixed reactance element, and an AC signal source configured to provide an AC signal to the tunable reactance element(s). The reactance elements comprise a capacitor and an inductor. The AC signal source creates an electromagnetically energy favorable state for the tunable reactance element(s) at resonance with the AC signal. The method of making generally includes forming a first MEMS structure and a second mechanical or MEMS structure in/on a mechanical layer above an insulating substrate, and coating the first and second structures with a conductor to form a first tunable reactance element and a second tunable or fixed reactance element, as in the MEMS circuit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for matching an impedance. The method can include determining or receiving a reflection parameter value at an RF input or output; stopping the altering of a first capacitance and a second capacitance when the reflection parameter value is at or below a first reflection value; causing a limited altering of the first capacitance and the second capacitance to pursue an impedance match when the reflection parameter value is at or above a second reflection value and at or below the third reflection value; and causing an unlimited altering of the first capacitance and the second capacitance to pursue an impedance match when the reflection parameter value is at or above a third reflection value.

Abstract: A consumer electronic product includes a switchable inductor array coupled to the RF antenna, the switchable inductor array comprising inductive elements and a switch circuit coupled to the inductor array to select at least one of the inductive elements and couple the selected inductive element with the RF antenna. The product can further include an assembly having a mesh that is strengthened by a stiffener. A multi-layer adhesive have a conductive layer that can be used to shield the RF antenna and adhesive layers that can provide adhesion between the stiffener and the housing of the product. The assembly can be covered by a cowling that is made of metal to provide further shielding. To reduce potential coupling between the RF antenna and the cowling, the cowling can have a portion that is formed of plastic to distance its metal portion from the antenna.

Abstract: An RF electronic impedance tuner uses multiple PIN diodes, Varactors or MOSFETs, mounted in a low loss slab-line, between the bottom surface of the center conductor and ground, are DC controlled individually and spaced appropriately along the slab-line in order to generate maximum Gamma and bandwidth. The electronic tuner is combined with a slide screw tuner, using the same slab-line in various configurations, before, after or sharing the same slab-line section, mounted on top of each-other. Calibration on a VNA allows high Gamma and harmonic tuning.

Abstract: A matching network of a communication device that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a controller that executes instructions facilitating an identifying a subset of usage scenarios based on a usage condition of the communication device and adjusting the matching network device based on a subset of different tuning scenarios corresponding to the subset of usage scenarios. A group of operational parameters is obtained via parametric measurements for each tuning scenario change between the tuning scenarios corresponding to each of the subset of usage scenarios. Multiple operational parameters are averaged corresponding to each of the tuning scenarios to identify an average operational parameter for each tuning scenario, and a tuning scenario is selected from among the subset of different tuning scenarios based on a determination as to which of the average operational parameters correlates with a desired performance goal. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a radio frequency (RF) impedance matching network includes electronically variable capacitors (EVCs), each EVC including discrete capacitors operably coupled in parallel. The discrete capacitors include fine capacitors each having a capacitance value substantially similar to a fine capacitance value, and coarse capacitors each having a capacitance value substantially similar to a coarse capacitance value. The increase of the variable total capacitance of each EVC is achieved by switching in more of the coarse capacitors or more of the fine capacitors than are already switched in without switching out a coarse capacitor that is already switched in.

Abstract: Techniques for tuning in a wireless power transmitter in a system, method, and apparatus are described herein. For example, an apparatus may include a transmitter coil configured to generate a magnetic field. The apparatus may also include a set of capacitors in series with the transmitter coil, wherein a capacitance value for each of capacitors in the set is associated with a reactance shift.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for dynamic step size for impedance calibration of a semiconductor device. An example apparatus includes a resistance calibration circuit configured to provide an impedance code to set impedance of a driver circuit. The resistance calibration circuit includes an adder/subtractor circuit configured to change the impedance code by a first step size responsive to the impedance code being less than a value to adjust the impedance of the driver circuit and further configured to change the impedance code by a second step size responsive to the impedance code greater or equal than the value to adjust the impedance of the driver circuit. The second step size is different from the first step size.

Abstract: A method for achieving an etch rate is described. The method includes receiving a calculated variable associated with processing a work piece in a plasma chamber. The method further includes propagating the calculated variable through a model to generate a value of the calculated variable at an output of the model, identifying a calculated processing rate associated with the value, and identifying based on the calculated processing rate a pre-determined processing rate. The method also includes identifying a pre-determined variable to be achieved at the output based on the pre-determined processing rate and identifying a characteristics associated with a real and imaginary portions of the pre-determined variable. The method includes controlling variable circuit components to achieve the characteristics to further achieve the pre-determined variable.

Abstract: Generally discussed herein are techniques, software, apparatuses, and systems configured for impedance matching. An impedance matching tuner can include a first tunable capacitor arranged in series with a radio frequency (RF) input, a second tunable capacitor arranged in shunt with the RF input, a third tunable capacitor and a first inductance device arranged in parallel with each other and in shunt with the RF input, and a fourth tunable capacitor and a second inductance device arranged in parallel with each other and in series with the RF input.

Abstract: A matching device includes: a directional coupler that detects a traveling wave and a reflected wave; a matching circuit that has a first variable capacitance capacitor, a second variable capacitance capacitor and an inductance; and a control unit that calculates a reflection coefficient based on the traveling wave and the reflected wave and controls a capacitance value VC1 of the first variable capacitance capacitor and a capacitance value VC2 of the second variable capacitance capacitor. The control unit changes VC2 such that VC2 moves toward a circle drawn by the trajectory of the reflection coefficient passing through a matching point on a Smith chart, fine-tunes VC1 on the basis of a predicted intersection point with the circle, and when the distance between the calculated reflection coefficient and the circle becomes a predetermined value or less, changes VC1 such that the calculated reflection coefficient approaches zero, and fine-tunes VC2.

Abstract: An eVC including coarse and fine tuning networks. The coarse tuning network includes a circuit: receiving a RF input signal from a RF generator; outputting a RF output signal to a reference terminal or load; and receiving a DC bias voltage. The circuit is switched between first and second states. A capacitance of the circuit is based on the DC bias voltage while in the first state and is not based on the DC bias voltage while in the second state. The fine tuning network is connected in parallel with the coarse tuning network and includes a varactor. The varactor includes: a first diode receiving the RF input signal; and a second diode connected in a back-to-back configuration with the first diode and outputting a RF output signal to the reference terminal or load. A capacitance of the varactor is based on a second received DC bias voltage.

Abstract: A communication system is provided, including an antenna, a matching network coupled to the antenna, a controller configured to control the matching network, and a look-up table coupled to the controller. The look-up table includes characterization data according to frequency bands and conditions. The controller is configured to refer to the look-up table to determine optimum impedance for a frequency band selected under a condition detected during a time interval, and adjust the matching network to provide the optimum impedance.

Abstract: An apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a transmission coil and a power amplifier. The power amplifier includes a microcontroller and a memory. The memory includes instructions to determine electric current output of the power amplifier, perform a lookup of load reactance range based on target electric current, detect load impedance, calculate reactance based on the load impedance, determine if reactance is within the load reactance range, and adjust reactance shift compensation to bring the reactance within the load reactance range if the reactance is not within the load reactance range.

Abstract: A method according to the present disclosure for the controlled connection of a calibration standard in an associated calibration module to a port to be calibrated of a network analyzer connects the port to be calibrated of the network analyzer to a high-frequency port of the calibration module. It transmits a high-frequency signal generated in the network analyzer with an information signalling the calibration standard to be used to the high-frequency port of the calibration module. Within the calibration module, the information signalling the calibration standard to be used is detected from the high-frequency signal received in the calibration module, and the calibration standard to be used is connected to the high-frequency port of the calibration module by a control unit integrated in the calibration module.

Abstract: An impedance detector for measuring an impedance of a circuit comprises a frequency source, a resistor connected in between the frequency source and the circuit to be measured, a phase shift circuit for applying a phase shift to a signal from the frequency source, a first multiplier for mixing the signal from the frequency source with a signal from the circuit to be measured, a second multiplier for mixing the phase shifted signal with the signal from the circuit to be measured, and a processing circuit for determining an indication of an impedance of the circuit to be measured in dependence on the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal.

Abstract: An amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first transistor and a first matching circuit. The first matching circuit is connected between an input terminal and a control terminal of the first transistor. The first matching circuit includes a first inductor, a second inductor, and a first switch. The first inductor has an end connected to the control terminal. The second inductor has an end connected to the other end of the first inductor. The first switch is configured to selectively switch between electrical continuity between the input terminal and the other end of the first inductor and electrical continuity between the input terminal and the other end of the second inductor.

Abstract: A plasma processing method for performing a plasma process on a substrate in a plasma processing apparatus is provided. The plasma processing method comprises: a sampling-average-value calculating process of sampling voltage detection signals and electric current detection signals and calculating an average value of these signals during a first monitoring time; a moving-average-value calculating process of calculating a moving average value of the voltage detection signals and the electric current detection signals; a load impedance-measurement-value calculating process of calculating a measurement value of a load impedance with respect to a first high frequency power supply; and a reactance control process of controlling a reactance of a variable reactance element such that the measurement value of the load impedance is equal or approximate to a preset matching point corresponding to impedance on the side of the first high frequency power supply.

Abstract: Radio-frequency signals may be switched between signal lines or signal ports in RF circuits using PIN diodes and PIN-diode driving circuitry. To achieve switching, the PIN diodes are biased at voltages as high as 20 volts or more. Circuitry for biasing PIN diodes is described that uses a low-voltage power source and a single-bit control line.

Abstract: Generally discussed herein are techniques, software, apparatuses, and systems configured for tuning an antenna. In one or more embodiments, a system can include a monopole or dipole antenna, a hardware processor electrically coupled to the monopole or dipole antenna, an amplitude or power detector electrically coupled between the monopole or dipole antenna and the processor to receive signals reflected from the monopole or dipole antenna and determine an amplitude or power of the reflected signals, and a first impedance matching network electrically connected between a feed point of the monopole or dipole antenna and the detector, the first impedance matching network including a variable capacitor, the variable capacitor having a variable capacitance that is set by the hardware processor based on the amplitude or power of the reflected determined by the amplitude or power detector.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for igniting a process plasma within a plasma chamber are provided. One or more self-resonating devices are positioned within a plasma chamber relative to a plasma generation volume within the plasma chamber. The plasma generation volume is defined by the plasma chamber. Each of the self-resonating devices generates an ignition plasma. The ignition plasmas cause a partial ionization of an ignition gas. The partially ionized ignition gas allows for ignition of a process plasma by applying an electric field to the plasma generation volume.

Abstract: A power amplifier comprising an amplifying element for amplifying a signal input to the amplifier, a matching network for varying the reactance presented to the output of the amplifying element at the fundamental frequency of the input signal, the matching network being switchable between first and second operating configurations, wherein in the first operating configuration, a net inductive reactance is presented to the output at the fundamental frequency and in the second operating configuration, a net capacitive reactance is presented to the output at the fundamental frequency.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising' an RF matching network connected to at least one RF input port and at least one RF output port and 5 including one or more voltage or current controlled variable reactive elements; a voltage detector connected to the at least one RF output port via a variable voltage divider to determine the voltage at the at least one RF output port and provide voltage information to a controller that controls a bias driving circuit which provides voltage or current bias to the RF matching network; a variable voltage divider connected to the voltage detector and implemented using a 10 multi-pole RF switch to select one of a plurality of different resistance ratios to improve the dynamic range of the apparatus; and wherein the RF matching network is adapted to maximize RF power transferred from the at least one RF input port to the at least one RF output port by varying the voltage or current to the voltage or current controlled variable reactive elemen

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting one or more tunable passive antennas and a single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit. The invention also relates to an apparatus for radio communication using this method, for instance a radio transceiver. An apparatus for radio communication of the invention comprises: a tunable passive antenna; a feeder; a single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit having an input port and an output port; a sensing unit; a transmission and signal processing unit which applies an excitation to the input port, which delivers one or more antenna adjustment instructions, and which delivers one or more tuning unit adjustment instructions; and a control unit which delivers one or more antenna control signals to the tunable passive antenna, and one or more tuning control signals to the single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit.

Abstract: Load Pull tuning pattern and probe movement algorithms allow creating a test pattern allowing to avoid instability regions and spurious oscillations of microwave transistors during testing using slide screw load and source tuners. The impedances are selected based on the stability circle and instability area on the Smith chart and the probe movement trajectory allows both avoiding the static and circumventing the transient crossing through the instability area. All tuning commands are saved in a pattern file.

Abstract: A step attenuator with constant input capacitance and having good performance is disclosed. In an exemplary design, an apparatus includes a step attenuator having a constant input capacitance for different amounts of attenuation. The step attenuator receives an input signal, provides a variable amount of attenuation for the input signal, and provides an output signal. The step attenuator may include a plurality of attenuator sections coupled in series. Each attenuator section may include a plurality of capacitors and may have the constant input capacitance. At least one of the plurality of attenuator sections may be selected or unselected to obtain a selected amount of attenuation for the step attenuator. An attenuator section may provide a predetermined amount of attenuation or a variable amount of attenuation when selected. The apparatus may further include a power detector that receives and determines the power of the output signal from the step attenuator.

Abstract: A tunable impedance network includes at least one variable impedance bank comprising a plurality of digitally controlled unit cells each connected from at least a first end to a routing wire. The tunable impedance network is provided with selection means arranged for selecting, based on a desired impedance, a corresponding predetermined digital control signal to be supplied to the variable impedance bank to switch-on a corresponding combination of the unit cells. Between each pair of unit cells in the variable impedance bank, a routing wire section is provided having a respective routing impedance. Each of the predetermined digital control signals is provided for switching-on a combination of unit cells in such a way that the routing impedance of the routing wire section is exploited to fine-tune the actual impedance generated by the variable impedance bank.

Abstract: A solid state impedance tuner or impedance tuner system including a housing structure and at least two solid state tuner modules electrically combined and disposed in one package within the housing structure. Each tuner module includes at least one solid state control element. Another embodiment is directed to an impedance tuner module card configured in a standardized system architecture. The card includes a chassis board, and at least one solid state tuner module integrated on the card and supported on or by the chassis board, each module including at least one solid state control element. Methods for calibrating a solid state impedance tuner that includes at least two solid state tuner modules combined in one package are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting one or more tunable passive antennas and a single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit. The invention also relates to an apparatus for radio communication using this method, for instance a radio transceiver. An apparatus for radio communication of the invention comprises: a tunable passive antenna; a feeder; a single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit having an input port and an output port; a sensing unit; a transmission and signal processing unit which applies an excitation to the input port, which delivers one or more antenna adjustment instructions, and which delivers one or more tuning unit adjustment instructions; and a control unit which delivers one or more antenna control signals to the tunable passive antenna, and one or more tuning control signals to the single-input-port and single-output-port tuning unit.

Abstract: In a plasma processing method of sequentially performing multiple cycles, each of which includes plural stages which generate plasma of different processing gases within a processing vessel and which are performed in sequence, a setting of a high frequency power and/or a setting of a level of a DC voltage is changed at an appropriate time point after transitioning from a preceding stage to a succeeding stage. The high frequency power is supplied to one of a first electrode and a second electrode of a plasma processing apparatus, and the processing gas output from a gas supply system is changed when transitioning from the preceding stage to the succeeding stage. Thereafter, the setting of the high frequency power and/or the setting of the level of the negative DC voltage is changed at a time point when a parameter reflecting an impedance of the plasma exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatic adjustment of a single-input-port and single-output-port tunable matching circuit, for instance a single-input-port and single-output-port tunable matching circuit coupled to an antenna of a radio transceiver. The invention also relates to an automatic tuning system using this method. The reactance of each adjustable impedance device of the tunable matching circuit is determined by at least one tuning control signal. In addition to the begin symbol and the end symbol, a flowchart of a tuning sequence comprises: a process generating initial values of the tuning control signals, which uses an open-loop control scheme using one or more quantities depending on the carrier frequency of the excitation; and a process generating subsequent values of the tuning control signals, which uses a closed-loop control scheme and an extremum-seeking control algorithm.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which can include computer instructions to determine a subset of use cases from a group of use cases stored in a memory of a communication device, and to determine a target use case from among the subset of use cases based on an operational parameter associated with a transceiver of the communication device. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A tunable matching circuit for use with ultra-low power RF receivers is described to support a variety of RF communication bands. A switched-capacitor array and a switched-resistor array are used to adjust the input impedance presented by the operating characteristics of transistors in an ultra-low-power mode. An RF sensor may be used to monitor performance of the tunable matching circuit and thereby determine optimal setting of the digital control word that drives the switched-capacitor array and switched-resistor array. An effective match over a significant bandwidth is achievable. The optimal matching configuration may be updated at any time to adjust to changing operating conditions. Memory may be used to store the optimal matching configurations of the switched capacitor array and switched resistor array.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system includes a generator configured to generate and tune a frequency of a supply signal. The system includes an auto-matching network configured to receive the supply signal and to generate an impedance-matched signal for use in powering a plasma system. In some implementations, during a first stage of an impedance matching operation, the generator is configured to tune the frequency of the supply signal until the generator identifies a frequency for which the reactance of the generator and the reactance of the load are best matched. In some implementations, during a second stage of the impedance matching operation, the auto-matching network is configured to tune a tuning element within the auto-matching network until the auto-matching network identifies a tuning of the tuning element for which the resistance of the generator and the resistance of the load are best matched.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for reference impedance adaptation are disclosed. The method may comprise a step of providing a network model of a circuit having at least one port, wherein the network model includes at least one network parameter, the network parameter being associated with the port and being defined based on a reference impedance of the port. The method may further comprise computing an input impedance of the port based on the network parameter. The method may also include defining a new reference impedance for the port based on the input impedance. Moreover, the method may include calculating a new network parameter of the network model based on the new reference impedance.

Abstract: A new multi-carriage slide screw impedance tuner uses a circular slabline, eccentrically rotating disc probes and rotating carriages allowing reducing the linear size of the tuner by a factor of 3 compared with linear tuners. The slabline lies flat on the bench table surface and the disc probes rotate at the end of rotating arms, which act as mobile carriages, forming a planetary configuration. The rotation of the arms control the phase of GAMMA and the rotation of the disc-probes controls its amplitude.

Abstract: A regulating circuit is configured to adjust current consumptions. The regulating circuit comprises a switch and at least two matching circuits. The at least two matching circuits are configured to match different input signals and reduce current consumptions. The switch is coupled to the at least two matching circuits. According to different input signals, the switch switches on one matching circuit and switches the other matching circuits off. Each matching circuit comprises a transmission line and a varactor. The transmission line is coupled to the switch. The transmission line is configured to adjust a phase angle in a Smith chart quadrant. The varactor is configured to further adjust the phase angle. Thus the phase angle is adjusted to a predetermined position in the certain quadrant. An optimizing circuit is also provided. In the present disclosure, different input signals can be transmitted in a corresponding matching circuit to optimize current consumptions.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) control system including a RF generator having a power amplifier that outputs a RF signal and a controller. A matching network receives the RF signal and generates at least one RF output signal. In a first mode of operation, the controller enables adjustment of the frequency of the RF signal and a tune element of the matching network to achieve an impedance match and in a second mode of operation the controller enables adjustment of only the tune element of the matching network to achieve an impedance match while the frequency is adjusted to a target frequency. The RF controls system operates in a continuous and pulse mode of operation.

Abstract: High reliability impedance tuners used in high power measurements suffer fast heating and consequently thermal expansion of the central conductor, which has a very small mass and is thermally isolated from the tuner housing. This leads to false measurements or catastrophic tuner failure (short) of either the DUT or the tuner. A method is introduced for allowing the center conductor to expand linearly without deforming and risking loss of accuracy first and catastrophic failure later. Practical tests have shown significant thermal behavior improvement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting RF field strength. A field strength reference generator develops a field strength reference current as a function of a field strength of a received RF signal; and a field strength quantizer develops a digital field-strength value indicative of the field strength reference current. In one embodiment, detected field strength is used to dynamically vary the impedance of a tank circuit whereby, over time, induced current is maximized.

Abstract: In a plasma processing of generating plasma of different processing gases within a processing vessel in sequence, a setting of a high frequency power can be changed at an appropriate time point after the processing gas output from a gas supply system is changed. A power level of a second high frequency power is increased at a time point when a first parameter which reflects impedance of plasma exceeds a first threshold value after the processing gas is changed while a first high frequency power is being supplied to a first electrode or a second electrode. Further, a power level of the first high frequency power is increased at a time point when a second parameter which reflects impedance of plasma exceeds a second threshold value after the processing gas is changed while the second high frequency power is being supplied to the second electrode.

Abstract: Tunable filters, cancellers, and duplexers based on passive mixers. A tunable delay cell includes passive mixers electrically coupled together for receiving an input signal and outputting a delayed signal, each passive mixer comprising a plurality of mixer switches. The tunable delay includes a control circuit for providing, to each passive mixer, a respective plurality of local oscillator (LO) signals, one to each mixer switch of each passive mixer. The control circuit is configured to vary the LO signals to cause a target frequency band of the input signal to be delayed by a target delay time in propagating through the passive mixers.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a memory, a transceiver, a plurality of antennas coupled with the transceiver, a matching network coupled with at least one of the plurality of antennas, a detector coupled with the matching network where the detector obtains operational data associated with at least two of the plurality of antennas, and a controller circuit coupled with the detector and the matching network. The controller circuit can analyze the operational data to determine an operational data differential between the at least two of the plurality of antennas. The controller circuit selects a use case for the communication device from among a group of use cases stored in the memory based on the operational data differential. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining remedial control actions for a power system in an insecure and unstable operating condition is provided. The power system has a plurality of generators injecting power into a network and each generator has a generator injection impedance and a stability boundary in the injection impedance plane. A system safety boundary is calculated based on a predetermined network operating safety margin for each generator, the generator injection impedance is compared with the safety boundary and it is determined whether each generator is safe or unsafe. A remedial control action is determined comprising a scheme for re-dispatching power generation for each unsafe generator to thereby establish a secure operating condition for the power system.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for generating a modulated laser diode control signal from a laser diode control signal, the circuit having an RF modulator for modulating the laser diode control signal with a modulation signal; the circuit having adjustment means for adjusting the RF modulator; the adjustment means being configured or configurable as a function of at least one laser diode operating information item. Furthermore, a laser diode receptacle is described as having such a circuit, a projector, particularly an image projector having such a laser diode receptacle, an image projector having such a laser diode receptacle and a laser diode, as well as a method for adjusting an RF modulator of such a circuit and a method for producing such a laser diode receptacle.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include, for example, a tunable capacitor having a decoder for generating a plurality of control signals, and an array of tunable switched capacitors comprising a plurality of fixed capacitors coupled to a plurality of switches. The plurality of switches can be controlled by the plurality of control signals to manage a tunable range of reactance of the array of tunable switched capacitors. Additionally, the array of tunable switched capacitors is adapted to have non-uniform quality (Q) factors. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system can obtain an operational metric associated with the transceiver, determine a target figure of merit based on a compromise between a desired transmitter performance and a desired receiver, determine a current figure of merit based on the operational metric, and adjust the variable reactance component of the impedance matching circuit based on a comparison of the current figure of merit with the target figure of merit. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An RFID tag tuning circuit may be capable of adjusting the impedance matching between an RFID integrated circuit (IC) and an antenna on an RFID tag to increase the amount of power that the IC can extract from an incident RF wave. The tuning circuit switches a variable impedance coupling the antenna and the IC between several different impedance settings, where each impedance setting differs from an adjacent impedance setting by a respective impedance step size and at least one impedance step size has a different value than another impedance step size. The tuning circuit may switch the variable impedance by incrementing through a counter, decrementing through the counter, or performing some search algorithm. The tuning circuit may also initialize the variable impedance based on a default impedance setting or a random impedance setting derived from a random counter.