Abstract: A generally fan shaped electrically conducting base member defining a waveguide cavity with a waveguide input/output in communication with the cavity at the apex thereof and a plurality of output/input waveguides in communication with the cavity equal angularly spaced along the arc of the base member. The inputs and outputs are formed in the plane of the cavity so that losses are substantially reduced and all of the output/input waveguides are equally spaced along radii of the base member and are of equal length so that signals at the outlets thereof are of equal amplitude and phase without requiring phase shifters and the like.

Abstract: A compact satellite broadcasting receiver comprises a circular waveguide, a strip-line-shaped probe projected into the circular waveguide, a reflecting element provided downstream of the probe in the circular waveguide and a microwave circuit having a strip line provided around the circular waveguide and connected with the probe. Furthermore, a satellite broadcasting receiver capable of simultaneously receiving two kind of microwaves polarized perpendicularly to each other is realized by joining two compact satellite broadcasting receivers as mentioned above with their strip-line-shaped probes placed at a right angle.

Abstract: Filter comprising a rectangular waveguide extended at both ends by rectangular guide-to-rectangular guide couplers and provided with lateral secondary guides. In order to enable the use of cylindrical secondary guides without introducing unwanted resonances, said couplers are given, at their ends, rectangular internal cross sections both the height and width whereof are smaller at the end coupled to the primary guide than at the end remote from the primary guide.

Abstract: The process consists of preshaping the elements of the cavity prior to their assembly, covering the preshaped elements with at least one good electricity-conducting metal coating, positioning the different elements to form the cavity and then fixing all the elements to one another by melting and then cooling the deposited metal covering said cavity elements.

Abstract: A microwave phase shifter for use in waveguide transmission line employs a piezoelectric cantilevered bimorph member mounted on the waveguide and a thin wafer of dielectric material mounted on the free end of the cantilever above a slot in the waveguide. Voltages applied to the bimorph member cause this member to distort so as to insert the wafer into the waveguide slot and alter the phase of the microwave signal being transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus for changing the phase of a microwave signal comprising:a sample that exhibits the magneto-electric effect;a metal enclosure loaded with said sample; a voltage source; a feed electrode and a ground electrode attached to said sample and to said voltage source so that a voltage difference is created across said sample by said voltage source, said feed electrode connecting said voltage source and said sample by passing through said; a coupling slot in said enclosure that enables microwaves to enter into said enclosure and leave said enclosure after the microwave has been phase shifted and a means for producing a magnetic field inside the metal enclosure.

Abstract: A millimeter wave reflection phase shifter employs a fin-line structure within a waveguide network which has a central leg and four arms which together form two symmetric Y-junctions. The fin-line forms a septum within the waveguide and includes a conductive layer having a central gap or slot therein which extends along the leg and into each of the arms. Means for shorting the slot arms disposed at one end of the leg controls the phase shift experienced by a signal propagating through the phase shifter. This phase shifter may provide multiple selectable phase shifts.

Abstract: A new class of low cost microwave/millimeter wave dielectric couplers are sclosed. In one embodiment, the waveguides to be coupled are formed of bundles of dielectric fibers and coupling is achieved by having a certain percentage of the dielectric fibers crossover between the waveguide bundles. In a second embodiment, the waveguides are formed of stacked longitudinal dielectric lamination sheets and coupling is achieved by crossing over a certain number of the laminate sheets from one waveguide stack to the other waveguide stack.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide ferrite resonance isolator capable of operating in e millimeter wave frequency range in a dielectric waveguide transmission line in which a thin rectangular hexagonal ferrite material is affixed to a side of the dielectric waveguide and then placed between the pole pieces of an electromagnet in order to magnitize and fully orient the ferrite material is improved by positioning a grooved block of dielectric having a low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity against the face of the hexagonal ferrite so as to use the high thermal conductivity dielectric as a heat sink thereby extracting heat from the hexagonal ferrite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for transmitting microwaves between two bodies which are rotatable relative to each other. Two annular waveguides are arranged on a common axis. Each waveguide has a coupling slot along its circumference. A transmitting aerial projects into each coupling slot and is moveable relative to the associated waveguide. The electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting aerials are received by receiving aerials at the ends of the waveguides, respectively. The outputs of the receiving aerials are prepared for further processing.

Abstract: A millimeter wavelength bandpass filter arrangement is produced by using a first dielectric waveguide as an input for a broadband signal to a ferrite circulator. This signal is delivered to a second dielectric waveguide having a bandstop filter formed therein. The bandstop filter reflects the desired bandpass frequency(s) back to the ferrite circulator where it is delivered to a third dielectric waveguide which is the output for the bandpass frequency(s).

Abstract: The invention is embodied in a waveguide polarizer of the kind arranged to alter the propagation modes of an incident wave to produce elliptical or circular polarization. The phase shift is produced by the simultaneous use of dimensional perturbation and dielectric loading distributed along a waveguide section. Embodiments are illustrated using square, circular and crossed waveguide sections. The use of relatively light, symmetrical and continuous loading provides improved performance over that which can be attained by discrete element phase shifters or those that make use of only a single kind of loading.

Abstract: A power absorbing termination for a waveguide transmission line comprised of a waveguide section containing a fluid carrying dielectric taper which is inclined relative to the waveguide axis so that the point end of the taper lies against the guidewall of the waveguide section. Fluid in the dielectric taper is preferably circulated around a center planar divider extended down the taper's axis; alternatively, fluid is circulated through the taper by inducing a spiral flow of fluid in the taper hollow.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave switch is provided formed from a profiled wave-guide associated with a PIN diode, filling completely the profiled part of said guide, having a high breakdown voltage and a low thermal resistance.

Abstract: A fin-line waveguide device for modulating signals passing therethrough. The device comprises a fin-line waveguide including two channel members longitudinally extending in the direction of signal propagation through the device. The channel members are physically and electrically separated by a ferrite dielectric slab which is oriented in a longitudinally extending plane parallel to the electric field lines of the signal passing through the device. A magnetic field is applied to the ferrite slab to magnetically bias the slab to ferromagnetic resonance. A voltage is applied across the ferrite slab to alter the ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of the slab. The phase and amplitude of the signal passing through the waveguide are modulated in response to the applied voltage.

Abstract: Modular-configured beam waveguide for transmitting microwave energy is formed of a plurality of cascaded modules each module containing a pair of reflecting surfaces, e.g. mirrors with the mirrors prealigned with one another and mounted in a supporting conduit or tube. Each tube or conduit module has a pair of orthogonal axes about which its joints with adjacent modules may rotate, so that with a plurality of such modules interconnected with one another, the overall configuration of serially connected modules may follow substantially any desired path. If desired, a module may be configured of a single L-shaped tube or cylinder at the bend of the L of which there is interiorly disposed an aligned mirror, either flat or curved, e.g. substantially elliptically configured for focussing purposes. The tubular construction may be conductive or nonconductive, its prime purpose being to provide support, rigidity and strength, as well as impermeability to external environmental conditions.

Abstract: An insertion filter is described for existing waveguide without modification. The filter includes a resilient bifurcated dielectric member (11) which conforms to the internal geometry of the waveguide (21). The dielectric member secures the position of a dielectric resonator (15) and a tuning screw (17) and retains their relative positions. A stud (18) is mounted on one of the bifurcations of the dielectric member to compensate electrically for the presence of the member in the waveguide while the dielectric resonator attenuates waveguide energy in a prescribed frequency band.

Abstract: The arrangement to support a waveguide for transportation and handling and to support and protect a horizontal waveguide having a plurality of waveguide sections connected to each other in tandem suspended between two given spaced points comprises a plurality of shrouds each encasing a substantial length of a different one of the plurality of sections for support and protection thereof and a suspension means fastened to each end of each of the plurality of shrouds to suspend each of the plurality of waveguide sections from a cable extending between the two given spaced points.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide consists of dielectric strips sandwiched between two parallel conductive plates whose inner surfaces are covered with thin dielectric layers. The other space of the waveguide is filled with an appropriate dielectric medium which can be air or any other low loss dielectric material whose dielectric constant is smaller than that of the dielectric strips. In this waveguide, radiated waves which might be generated at the curved sections and any other discontinuities of the dielectric strips can almost completely be suppressed due to the cutoff property of the conductive plates, if the electric field of electromagnetic waves to be transmitted is polarized primarily parallel to the conductive plates and relevant parameters of the waveguide are chosen to satisfy the following inequality: ##STR1## where .epsilon..sub.

Abstract: A system for testing a wave guide arc detecting circuit for a microwave system is disclosed. Testing is accomplished by utilizing a pulsed laser source to generate pulses of optical energy which are used to simulate an electrical arc across the wave guide. The laser source is then positioned such that the pulsed output signal impinges upon the wave guide arc detector circuit to be tested. This is most advantageously accomplished by affixing the wave guide arc detector circuit to the wave guide in a fashion similar to normal operation. This enables the arc detecting circuit to view the end of the wave guide through the interior of the wave guide. The laser source is positioned such that the output pulse of the laser source impinges on the open end of the wave guide. The operational status of the wave guide arc detecting circuit is determined by measuring the elapsed time between the generation of the output pulse of the laser and the detection of the pulse by the arc detecting circuit being tested.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide ferrite resonance isolator capable of operating in the millimeter frequency range in a dielectric waveguide transmission line is provided. The isolator comprises a thin sheet of hexagonal ferrite material that has been affixed to a side of the dielectric waveguide and then placed between the pole pieces of an electromagnet in order to magnetize and fully orient the ferrite material.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide reciprocal ferrite phase shifter is provided for use n a dielectric waveguide transmission line. The phase shifter is comprised of a length of ferrite of the same cross-sectional dimension as that of the dielectric waveguide and in fact becomes a section of the transmission line. The length of ferrite bears a thin plastic layer on its top and bottom surface and metal plates on each piece of plastic. The length of this multilayer structure then has a wire coil wrapped around in order to provide a d.c. magnetic biasing field along the length of the ferrite thereby enabling magnetization of the ferrite resulting in a reciprocal phase shift or change in electrical length within the structure.

Abstract: A waveguide dimensioned for fundamental mode operation over a given frequency range is rendered substantially dispersionless by including within the waveguide a thin dielectric slab extending parallel to the E-field of the fundamental mode and having a dielectric constant of at least 4 and a thickness across the E-field ranging between 0.01 and 0.25 guide wavelengths at the center frequency of the given range. Appropriate thicknesses for a dielectric member having a given dielectric constant can be selected to provide overcompensation. The series connection of appropriate lengths of an overcompensated waveguide and uncompensated waveguide yield an overall waveguide having a substantially dispersionless characteristic.

Abstract: The description covers temperature stabilized resonant microwave cavities not requiring hermetic sealing and easy to be frequency adjusted. Essentially, they consist of a pure quartz body with a metallized surface, except for small superficial areas used for the couplings.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide is disposed adjacent to a diode array which allows for coupling of energy therebetween. The waveguide has a core section and a cladding section encompassing a core section except in a portion thereof. The diode array is disposed adjacent to the exposed core portion at a proximity which allows evanescent coupling of energy between energy traversing the waveguide and the diodes of the diode array. A variety of microwave devices may be provided by this arrangement which include a signal source, detector, harmonic generator, upconverter, down-converter, or power combiner, depending upon the types of signals and manner of application of the signals applied to the waveguide and to the diode array.

Abstract: A Y-junction dielectric waveguide circulator is provided with a dielectric upport plate. At the vertex of adjacent dielectric waveguides are positioned metal tuning legs. These tuning legs are spaced from the waveguides and extend higher than them. Preferably the tuning legs are made integral with a cap positioned above the circulator junction. This cap also serves as a holder for the upper biasing magnet. The lower magnet is centered under the junction and bonded to the bottom of the support plate.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal latching phase-shifter uses a slab of a high-dielectric constant material embedded in ferrite to substantially concentrate the electromagnetic energy within the dielectric slab, thus eliminating the need for a conductive waveguide, and to provide for a small amount of energy leakage into the adjacent ferrite whose state of magnetization can be varied, thus providing for a variable phase-shift. In one embodiment, parallel high-K dielectric strips are sandwiched between grooved ferrite sheets to provide a low-cost phase-shifter array.

Abstract: A dielectric resonator has a sector shape, and a filter has a signal source for emitting signal to be filtered, signal receiver for receiving the filtered signal and a path defined between the signal source and the signal receiver. At least one sector shaped dielectric resonator is disposed in the path.

Abstract: Millimeter wave circulators are disclosed for use with millimeter wavelen dielectric waveguides. The structure comprises a prism of magnetized ferrimagnetic material with the waveguide ends bonded to the lateral faces of the prism. The waveguide ends and the lateral faces are congruent rectangles. The prisms may have triangular bases in which case a Y-junction circulator results, or square bases with waveguide ends attached to three out of four of the lateral faces thereof, whereby a T-junction circulator results.

Abstract: A microwave transmission device for transmitting microwave signals into and out of the combustion chamber of a spark ignited internal combustion engine. The device comprises a circular metallic waveguide that is adapted to encompass a resistor-type spark plug of the engine. An antenna element is disposed in the waveguide which excites it in the TE.sub.11 mode whereby the internal resistor does not substantially attenuate microwave transmission. The waveguide has means for securely attaching it to the exterior of the spark plug such that the waveguide and spark plug have a common longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An improved system is described for cooling high power waveguides by the use of cooling ducts extending along the waveguide, which minimizes hot spots at the flanges where waveguide sections are connected together. The cooling duct (24) extends along substantially the full length of the waveguide section, and each flange (18, 20) at the end of the section has a through hole (36) with an inner end connected to the duct and an opposite end that can be aligned with a flange hole in another waveguide section. Each flange (20) is formed with a drainage groove (60) in its face, between the through hole (36) and the waveguide conduit (16) to prevent leakage of cooling fluid into the waveguide. The ducts have narrowed sections (32, 34) immediately adjacent to the flanges to provide room for the installation of fasteners closely around the waveguide channel.

Abstract: A septum polarizer offering an exceptionally low axial ratio over a wide frequency band. A first trapped mode resonator or resonator pair is inserted in the circularly polarizing waveguide within the same plane as the septum and tuning screws to create a desired resonant response at a frequency lower than the cutoff frequency of the polarizer. Optionally, a second pair of trapped mode resonators is inserted in two opposing waveguide walls that are orthogonal to the septum, to create a desired resonant response at a higher frequency than the upper frequency limit of the polarizer. The resonators serve to flatten the phase response of the polarizer throughout its passband, thereby maximizing the purity of circularly polarized radiation produced thereby.

Abstract: A window assembly for ridged waveguide has a slab of dielectric extending clear across the waveguide cross-section. The slab may be perpendicular to the waveguide or cross it at an angle. The waveguide ridge or ridges are notched so that the dielectric slab passes through the notch. Inductive tuning posts may be added to make a broadband match. The window assembly has an excellent match over more than an octave frequency range.

Abstract: A microwave antenna for use at a limited number of non-harmonically related frequencies, particularly two, includes a pair of reflectors, a detector diode, and a modulator diode mounted on a waveguide in operative spatial relationships which are compromises of closely occurring multiples of half or quarter wavelengths of the frequencies of interest. More particularly, the reflectors are spaced apart such a compromise distance which results in a low voltage standing wave ratio. The antenna includes a coaxial detector diode holder or sidearm positioned on the waveguide and in communication therewith at a position to provide sharp tuning at one of the frequencies while the detector diode is positioned in a coaxial diode holder at a location operative to sharply tune the other frequency. The modulator diode is positioned in the waveguide a distance from the detector diode holder which is a compromise distance based on in-guide half wavelengths at each of the frequencies.

Abstract: Irises which exhibit capacitive reactance in a heavily loaded rectangular waveguide comprise generally U-shaped conductive vanes positioned in the waveguide perpendicular to the length of the waveguide with the opening of the "U" toward a broad wall of the waveguide but spaced therefrom. These irises are effective for increasing the electrical length of ferrite rectangular waveguide phase shifters. These irises may be added to the completed phase shifter to adjust its length by inserting them through previously formed apertures in one of the narrow walls of the waveguide.

Abstract: A folded end-coupled general response TE.sub.011 filter is herein described which achieves all bridge couplings necessary for general bandpass response in a particularly convenient two-tier overlapping structure, where all couplings are made in a single removable iris, and where probe and/or slot couplings are used to achieve coupling of either sign.

Abstract: A surface wave transmission line enclosed in a dielectric shield and supported within the enclosure at a predetermined distance from the base of the enclosure. The enclosure being constructed such that the surface wave transmission line may be in close proximity to reflecting objects positioned along the enclosure and at a predetermined distance from a mounting structure.

Abstract: First and a second cylinder-like members, the first located in a wall of a waveguide and rotatable about its center axis, and the second within the first member and rotatable about its central axis which is offset from the central axis of the first member. A coupling probe extends through the second cylinder-like member near the periphery thereof.

Abstract: A compact gimbal system having an integral radio frequency signal path therethrough wherein common bearings are utilized in the rotary joints of the radio frequency path and for supporting and rotating the gimballed load and wherein radio frequency waveguide may be used as at least a part of the required structure of the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a quasi-optical frequency diplexer capable of operating over a wide angle of scan and separating microwave signals possessing proximate center frequencies. The present invention, which in one aspect may be employed with a phased array antenna arrangement functioning so as to separate the transmit and receive frequencies associated therewith, consists of an array of waveguide sections (22) where the input and output ports (30, 32) of the array are tilted with respect to the array's longitudinal axis. The angles of tilt and the dimensions of the waveguide sections may be adjusted so as to achieve frequency diplexing with a minimal amount of interference between the diplexed signals.

Abstract: A waveguide device having a ridge conductor which is provided on one of the H-plane walls of a rectangular waveguide, a part of the ridge conductor extending towards the other H-plane wall to come into contact therewith, thus making up a reactance element.

Abstract: Transmission line apparatus for transmitting TE dominant electromagnetic waves is provided in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The transmission line apparatus according to the present invention relies upon a transmission waveguide having a uniform cross-section which is substantially larger in dimension than that required for propagation of only the TE dominant electromagnetic wave desired to be transmitted. The transmission waveguide is in fact so large with respect to the transmission frequency for the TE dominant electromagnetic wave selected that a plurality of waves can form and be propagated, however, losses along the waveguide are markedly reduced. The transmission waveguide is provided with guides in the form of structure present in the waveguide which prevents a rotation of the plane of polarization of the TE dominant electromagnetic waves being transmitted.

Abstract: A compact low loss microwave filter is disclosed which utilizes an angular section of a right circular cylindrical cavity at the resonance structure excited in the circular electric TE.sub.0mn mode. The individual sectors may be electrically or magnetically coupled through common walls to obtain various filter characteristics.

Abstract: A reciprocal phase shifter for optically controlling the phase of microwa millimeter, and submillimeter wavelength electromagnetic energy includes a source of light and a waveguide which comprises an interaction material for absorbing the light and forming a plasma of electron-hole pairs within the material. The plasma interacts with a traveling wave in the waveguide. The speed at which the wave propagates changes in the interaction region and thereby changes the phase of the wave.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition for transferring guided electromagne signals from dominant mode rectangular waveguide to microstrip line and vice versa. A microstrip printed circuit card is disposed in parallel to the narrow walls of a waveguide. The printed circuit card includes a microstrip stepped transformer section followed by a linear taper crossover section. The linear taper crossover section leads into a microstrip line conductor and ground plane for completing the transition.

Abstract: The inverted microstrip phase shifter consists of a substrate having at least one diode and biasing circuitry connected to one side and at least one center conductor connected to its opposite side. The substrate side containing a center conductor is enclosed within a hollow case so as to form an rf transmission line. The parameters for the biasing circuitry are selected by performing a computer optimization of the chain matrix equivalent expression for the voltage transmission coefficient.

Abstract: A waveguide filter is herein described that employs a resonator ordering which allows a direct realization of all canonical couplings while retaining the advantages of a standard dual mode filter, the filter including a reflective plate in one end cavity and both input and output ports in the other end cavity, where one of the ports is a shunt port in a sidewall of the cavity structure and the other port is a coupling slot in the outer end wall.

Abstract: A device for indicating whether a target is approaching or receding from a Doppler radar or the like comprising a length of wave-guide having a reflective termination at the end at which microwave energy is introduced into the guide, and two mixer diodes spaced along the guide. The diodes are spaced apart along the guide axis by an odd number of quarter-wavelengths and spaced from the termination by an odd number of eighth-wavelengths. Suitably, the diodes are positioned so as to be loosely-coupled to signals within the guide, thereby rendering the selection of suitable diodes much less critical.

Abstract: The present invention relates to millimeter waveguide shorts and methods for making said shorts wherein an exemplary rectangular cross-sectioned waveguide short comprises a base substrate such as steel shimstock or foil having a width equal to the associated millimeter waveguide, a raised portion disposed laterally on both sides of the substrate at alternate quarter-wavelength sections adjacent one end of the substrate. The raised portions comprise a first layer of good electrically conductive material disposed on the substrate and a second layer of an insulating material formed atop the first layer. Alternatively, the exposed substrate sections can be gold plated. A preferred method comprises the steps of masking alternate quarter-wavelength sections of the exposed major surfaces adjacent one end of the substrate, depositing the first layer material on the unmasked quarter-wavelength sections and depositing the second layer material on the exposed major surfaces of the first layer material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave applicator intended to radiate a uniform power intensity to an elongated zone of which the frequency is in a predetermined range situated around a central frequency F. This applicator includes a wave guide 1 provided with a plurality of resonant slots 4 of which the centers are separated by a distance of an even number of half wave lengths .lambda.g/2, if .lambda.g is the length of guided wave corresponding to the central frequency F. The shunt slots are aligned on a longitudinal axis situated in an axial plane of the guide and are each associated with an inside post arranged in the guide on the transverse axis of said slot, so that the various slots radiate with essentially uniform amplitude. The wave guide is provided with outside posts of adjustable height penetrating into each inside post through the guide and flanges rising above the guide at the periphery of the face provided with shunt slots.