Abstract: A load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) circuit can include an input pad of the LMBA circuit configured to receive an input signal on a semiconductor die. A transformer-based hybrid splitter can be coupled to the input pad and configured to provide a first split input signal and a second split input signal from the input signal. A control power amplifier circuit coupled the first split input signal and a power amplifier circuit coupled to the second split input signal.

Abstract: A zoned dielectric loss circuit board system includes a board. A first differential trace is included in the board. A dielectric layer is included the board and that includes a first dielectric layer zone that engages the first differential trace and that includes first dielectric loss characteristics, and a second dielectric layer zone that is located immediately adjacent the first dielectric layer zone and that includes second dielectric loss characteristics that are greater than the first dielectric loss characteristics. A second differential trace may be included in the board in engagement with the second dielectric layer zone, and may have a second trace length that is shorter than a first trace length of the first differential trace.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes a multilayer substrate, an input switch, an output switch, and filters. A switch IC is disposed on a main surface of the multilayer substrate. The input switch is disposed in the switch IC and includes a first input terminal and first output terminals. The output switch is disposed in the switch IC and includes second input terminals and a second output terminal. The filters are disposed outside the switch IC and are connected to the first output terminals and the second input terminals. In a plan view of the multilayer substrate, the first input terminal and the first output terminals are disposed close to a first side of an exterior of the switch IC, and the second input terminals and the second output terminal are disposed close to a second side different from the first side of the exterior of the switch IC.

Abstract: A method for transforming the impedance of a radio-frequency transmission line of a printed circuit from a first impedance value to a second impedance value, the radio-frequency transmission line being adapted to transport a radio-frequency signal at a frequency value comprised in a frequency range defined between a minimum frequency value and a maximum frequency value, wherein the following steps are envisaged:—dividing the radio-frequency transmission line into a plurality of circuit sections each one of the circuit sections including a first and a second impedance connected in parallel with each other by two circuit branches placed at a maximum distance (dmax) from each other, wherein the circuit sections have respective third impedance values that gradually increase, respectively decrease, from the first impedance value to the second impedance value;—determining the maximum distance between the circuit branches in such a way as to avoid any undesired frequency values within the frequency range;—setting a

Abstract: Various examples related to metaconductor based skins and transmission lines are provided. In one example, a flexible metaconductor skin includes a flexible substrate; at least one layer of non-ferromagnetic metal disposed on the flexible substrate; and a layer of ferromagnetic metal disposed on the at least one layer of non-ferromagnetic metal. The flexible metaconductor skin can be used as a multi-layer coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes a multilayer substrate, an input switch, an output switch, and filters. A switch IC is disposed on a main surface of the multilayer substrate. The input switch is disposed in the switch IC and includes a first input terminal and first output terminals. The output switch is disposed in the switch IC and includes second input terminals and a second output terminal. The filters are disposed outside the switch IC and are connected to the first output terminals and the second input terminals. In a plan view of the multilayer substrate, the first input terminal and the first output terminals are disposed close to a first side of an exterior of the switch IC, and the second input terminals and the second output terminal are disposed close to a second side different from the first side of the exterior of the switch IC.

Abstract: Coaxial microwave transistor test fixtures provide lowest insertion loss possible and include, as part of the input and output sections, transformer networks either in form of single stage ?/4 segments, or, for larger bandwidth, multiple step segments or ramped transitions from 50? to the impedance closer to the internal impedance of the power transistor. The transforming networks are flat or cylindrical and can be made exchangeable in order to accommodate various transforming ratios using the same fixture body and coaxial adapters. The fixtures can be calibrated using standard TRL method.

Abstract: A phase shifter unit cell or a connected set of such cells that can be well isolated from external circuitry and which do not introduce insertion loss into an RF signal path, exhibit good return loss, and further provides additional advantages when combined with bracketing attenuator circuits. More particularly, embodiments integrate a high-isolation function within a phase shifter circuit by breaking the complimentary nature of the control signals to a phase shifter cell to provide greater control of switch states internal to the phase shifter cell and thus enable a distinct high-isolation state, and by including a switchable shunt termination resistor for use in the high-isolation state. Some embodiments are serially coupled to attenuator circuits to enable synergistic interaction that reduces overall die size and/or increases isolation. One such embodiment positions a high-isolation phase shifter cell in accordance with the present invention between bracketing programmable attenuators.

Abstract: Coaxial microwave transistor test fixtures provide lowest insertion loss possible and include, as part of the input and output sections, transformer networks either in form of single stage ?/4 segments, or, for larger bandwidth, multiple step transforming segments from 50? to the impedance closer to the internal impedance of the power transistor. The transforming networks are flat or elliptical and can be rotated around the axis of the center conductor and allow adjusting the characteristic impedance of the pre-matching section by a typical ratio of up to 2.3:1, resulting in a DUT presented Max to Min impedance transforming ratio of over 5:1.

Abstract: An antenna is connected to a first end of a high-frequency transmission line, and a connector is connected to a second end of the high-frequency transmission line. A characteristic impedance of a microstrip line is higher than characteristic impedances of first and second strip lines, and a characteristic impedance of a coplanar line is higher than a characteristic impedance of the second strip line. Thus, at a certain frequency, a standing wave develops in which the position of the microstrip line and the position of the coplanar line are maximum voltage points and three-quarter-wavelength resonance is a fundamental wave mode. Thus, the cutoff frequency of the high-frequency transmission line is high, and an insertion loss of a signal is significantly reduced to be low over a wide band.

Abstract: An antenna cover is provided, including a first base body and at least two first fins arranged on the first base body, the first base body having a curved surface, the two first fins being arranged symmetrically to a longitudinal axis of symmetry of the antenna cover and extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry, the at least two first fins having a width that tapers as a distance from the first base body increases, and the at least two first fins being arranged with a spacing that corresponds substantially to the width of the at least two fins. A method for producing a lens-shaped antenna cover is also provided.

Abstract: An RF apparatus may include: an RF resonance device having an electrically conductive outer wall, the outer wall comprising a gap extending over its circumference, and an input coupling device having an RF generator, arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the RF resonance device in the region of the gap, for coupling RF radiation of a particular frequency through the gap into the interior of the RF resonance device, and shielding which externally shields the generator and electrically bridges the gap on the outer side of the outer wall, wherein the shielding is formed as a resonator having a high impedance at the generator frequency.

Abstract: A calibration unit for a measurement device for connecting to a connector embodied in a coaxial manner. The calibration unit provides a housing and an inner conductor, whereas the inner conductor (15) is embodied centered within an aperture of the housing. The calibration unit provides a connecting element, that the connecting element is inserted into the aperture of the housing and hosts the inner conductor and that the connecting element is embodied in an elastic manner and supports the inner conductor in an elastic manner relative to the housing.

Abstract: According to embodiments described in the specification, a method and mobile electronic device are provided for tuning an antenna. The mobile electronic device comprises an electrical ground member supporting at least one antenna; a housing containing the electrical ground member and having a conductive ring defining the perimeter of the housing; and a conductive tuning member disposed between the conductive ring and the electrical ground member, for transforming an impedance between the electrical ground member and the conductive ring; wherein the conductive tuning member is connected to the conductive ring by a first short, and to the electrical ground member by a second short.

Abstract: Embodiments of a low-complexity and potentially physically small wideband impedance transformer that can be used in a combining network of a wideband Doherty amplifier are disclosed. In one embodiment, a wideband Doherty amplifier includes Doherty amplifier circuitry and a wideband combining network. The wideband combining network includes a wideband quarter-wave impedance transformer that includes a quarter-wave impedance transformer and compensation circuitry connected in parallel with the quarter-wave impedance transformer at a low-impedance end of the quarter-wave impedance transformer. The compensation circuitry is configured to reduce a total quality factor of the wideband quarter-wave impedance transformer as compared to a quality factor of the quarter-wave impedance transformer, which in turn increases a bandwidth of the wideband quarter-wave impedance transformer, and thus a bandwidth of the wideband Doherty amplifier.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a monolithic transformer for a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier module, such as a microwave frequency power amplifier module. The transformer may include a plurality of pairs of edge-coupled transmission lines, with individual pairs including first and second edge-coupled transmission lines. The first transmission lines may include first ends coupled with one another and second ends coupled with an input terminal of the transformer. The second transmission lines may include first ends coupled with the input terminal and second ends coupled with an output terminal of the transformer. The transformer may pass a communication signal from the input terminal to the output terminal, and provide a first impedance at the input terminal and a second impedance at the output terminal. The second impedance may be higher than the first impedance (e.g., by a factor of four).

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a transmission circuit configured to output a differential signal; a first filter configured to filter the differential signal; a differential line that is configured to transmit the differential signal filtered and has an electrical length of m·?/2 (m: a positive integer); a second filter configured to filter the differential signal transmitted on the differential line; and a reception circuit to which the differential signal filtered by the second filter is input, wherein the first filter and the second filter are each constituted by a reactance element, and wherein impedance matching is implemented regarding a differential component of the differential signal at a frequency times as high as the basis frequency, and impedance mismatching is caused regarding a differential component of the differential signal at a frequency other than the frequency times as high as the basis frequency and a common-mode component of the differential signal.

Abstract: An electronic circuit includes a first transmission line connected to a DC power source, a second transmission line having one end connected to the first transmission line at a connecting node, a narrow portion formed in the second transmission line and provided at a position that is away from a specific position by equal to or greater than ? wavelength of a signal, the specific position being away from the connecting node at a distance equal to ¼ wavelength, and a capacitor having one end connected to the other end of the second transmission line and the other end connected to a reference potential.

Abstract: A filter for filtering noise generated by a differential signal having a specific wavelength transmitted by a first transmission line and a second transmission line is disclosed. The filter includes a multi-layer substrate, a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line. The first and the second transmission lines and the first and the second microstrip lines are disposed at the multi-layer substrate. In addition, one end of the first microstrip line and one end of the second microstrip line are electrically connected to the first and the second transmission lines, respectively, by passing through the vias, and the other end is in a floating state. The impedances of the first and the second microstrip lines match the impedances of the first and the second transmission lines, respectively. Thus, the first and the second microstrip lines may filter the noise generated by the differential signal having the specific wavelength.

Abstract: A signal selecting device according to the present invention has two input/output ports, a plurality of resonating parts, a plurality of impedance transforming parts, and a controlling part. The resonating parts have a ring conductor having a length equal to one wavelength at a resonant frequency or an integral multiple thereof and a plurality of switches each of which is connected to a different part of the ring conductor at one end and to a ground conductor at the other end. The controlling part controls the state of the switches. The resonating parts are disposed in series between the two input/output ports. The impedance transforming parts are disposed between the input/output ports in such a manner that the impedance transforming parts at the both ends are disposed between the input/output port and the resonating part and the remaining impedance transforming parts are disposed between the resonating parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetically tunable filter having a filter housing and having two tunable resonator spheres which comprise magnetizable material and are arranged next to one another in two filter branches. Each filter branch comprises a coplanar line arranged on a substrate layer and extending in the direction of an electrical connection, as well as a common coupling opening so that the two filter branches are connected to one another. A resonator sphere is respectively positioned on each side of the coupling opening inside the two filter branches.

Abstract: A circuit device includes a multilayer circuit carrier, a first signal transmission line, a second signal transmission line, a signal line transition element, a first impedance transformer, and a second impedance transformer. The multilayer circuit carrier includes a first layer and a second layer. The first signal transmission line is on the surface of the first layer. The second signal transmission line is on the surface of the second layer. The signal line transition element passes through the first layer and the second layer, and has a first signal terminal and a second signal terminal. The first impedance transformer is on the surface of the first layer and electrically connected between the first signal transmission line and the first signal terminal. The second impedance transformer is on the surface of the second layer and electrically connected between the second signal transmission line and the second signal terminal.

Abstract: An impedance matching ground plane step, in conjunction with a quarter wave transformer section, in a printed circuit board provides a broadband microwave matching transition from board connectors or other elements that require thin substrates to thick substrate (>quarter wavelength) broadband microwave (millimeter wave) devices.

Abstract: An impedance transformer includes a first transmission line having a first impedance and provided over a first substrate having a first permittivity; a second transmission line and a third transmission line having an impedance lower than the first impedance and provided over a second substrate having a permittivity higher than the first permittivity, the second transmission line and the third transmission line being electrically coupled to the first transmission line; and a resistor coupled between the second transmission line and the third transmission line.

Abstract: When a microstrip line is connected with a waveguide, there is a limit to reducing the connection loss by using only a matching box. We have discovered that in a transmission mode line transducer for converting between the TEM waves of the microstrip line and the TE01 waves of the waveguide, if the cross-sections of the microstrip line and the waveguide are substantially the same size, in the case of a 50? microstrip line when the characteristic impedance of the waveguide is about 80%, i.e., 40?, the line conversion loss can be optimized. Therefore, according to the present invention, the microstrip line is connected with the waveguide using a ?/4 matching box by means of a ridged waveguide having a low impedance and a length of ?/16 or less.

Abstract: A coaxial characteristic-impedance transformer for dividing RF power on a first terminal onto n second terminals situated in the same radial plane by multi-stage serial transformation via ?/4 lines is provided with a short overall size, where the ?/4 lines between the first connection and the second connections are at least partly disposed to surround each other concentrically.

Abstract: An impedance matching circuit, a semiconductor element and a radio communication device using the same, adjusting bandwidth while permitting it to be constructed on the semiconductor element by reducing its occupation area. Since a reactance compensating distributed constant line (31) compensates reactance (BL, XS) of a load (6) and a quarter-wave transmission line (32) and an impedance inverting distributed constant line (33) composing an impedance inverting circuit (K inverter or J inverter) corresponding to the degree of impedance (ZL, ZS) of the load (6) match the impedance (ZL, ZS) of the compensated load (6) and output the input signals (SI1, SI2) at the preset bandwidth, adjustment of bandwidth can be made while miniaturizing the impedance matching circuit (7a) by shortening the line length of the reactance compensating distributed constant line (31) and the quarter-wave transmission line (32).

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave tube comprising an electron gun generating an electron beam in a cylindrical microwave structure of the tube. The microwave structure delivers a microwave at one output. A collector for collecting electrons from the beam comprising at least one electrode that is mechanically coupled to the microwave structure via a dielectric, the mechanical coupling forming a radial waveguide for propagating spurious microwave radiation (Pr) from the tube. In order to attenuate the spurious radiation from the tube, the radial waveguide (Wg) includes at least one quarter-wave microwave trap having, at least at the operating frequency F of the tube, an open circuit for the microwave propagating in said radial waveguide for propagating spurious radiation.

Abstract: An impedance conversion device has four conductors arranged so that the first and second conductors form a transmission line having a first characteristic impedance, the third and fourth conductors form a transmission line having the first characteristic impedance, the first and third conductors form a transmission line having a second characteristic impedance, and the second and fourth conductors form a third transmission line having the second characteristic impedance. The second and fourth conductors are interconnected at proximate ends through a resistance equal to the first characteristic impedance. The third and fourth conductors are interconnected at proximate ends through a resistance equal to the second characteristic impedance. The lateral dimensions of the impedance conversion device are small enough to permit insertion in a stacked pair line.

Abstract: A compact circular waveguide system can connect circular waveguides through a bend while avoiding excessive interaction between the orthogonal modes of the circular waveguides. A compact bend system with circular waveguide input and output can be achieved by providing short quarter wave transformers. The quarter wave transformers can be positioned at the transitions between the circular waveguides and a single-mode quasi-rectangular waveguide segment. Within the single-mode quasi-rectangular waveguide segment, a bend can be formed without concern for mixing of the orthogonal modes of the circular guided wave. The undesired mode of propagation can be substantially reduced or eliminated within the quarter wave transformers with a resistive mode suppressor. The compact system can be machined out of a single block of material from the outside flange faces.

Abstract: When a microstrip line is connected with a waveguide, there is a limit to reducing the connection loss by using only a matching box. We have discovered that in a transmission mode line transducer for converting between the TEM waves of the microstrip line and the TE01 waves of the waveguide, if the cross-sections of the microstrip line and the waveguide are substantially the same size, in the case of a 50? microstrip line when the characteristic impedance of the waveguide is about 80%, i.e., 40?, the line conversion loss can be optimized. Therefore, according to the present invention, the microstrip line is connected with the waveguide using a ?/4 matching box by means of a ridged waveguide having a low impedance and a length of ?/16 or less.

Abstract: A microwave attenuator circuit is disclosed, including a combination of a plurality of quarter wave transformers and a plurality of resistive elements.

Abstract: An impedance conversion device has four conductors arranged so that the first and second conductors form a transmission line having a first characteristic impedance, the third and fourth conductors form a transmission line having the first characteristic impedance, the first and third conductors form a transmission line having a second characteristic impedance, and the second and fourth conductors form a third transmission line having the second characteristic impedance. The second and fourth conductors are interconnected at proximate ends through a resistance equal to the first characteristic impedance. The third and fourth conductors are interconnected at proximate ends through a resistance equal to the second characteristic impedance. The lateral dimensions of the impedance conversion device are small enough to permit insertion in a stacked pair line.

Abstract: A varactor based phase shifter that increases phase shift range using an impedance transformer to impart a low characteristic impedance between an input port and a reference node port. The characteristic impedance across the port is therefore less than the characteristic impedance would be otherwise, and the phase shift range is increased. In one embodiment, a simple reflection phase modifier can be used in a phased array using space feed parasitic antenna elements. This type of analog varactor reflection phase modifier can provide fine phase resolution, and the array can thus be used for low-loss adaptive beam forming.

Abstract: An improved bi-directional access point includes an impedance boosting section in conjunction with an interface section to a bi-directional communication path. The impedance boosting section incorporates a transformer tap output that couples to an access connection point where signals on the bi-directional communication path may be monitored. The impedance boosting section may be a tapped transformer winding that includes N1 turns above the winding tap and N2 turns below the winding tap, where N1>N2. The interface section may be implemented as a resistive interface section. Additionally, the bi-directional access point may further include a tuning section for the access connection point. Implemented as a resistive network, for example, the tuning section may help establish a tap value and return loss through the access connection point below a prescribed level (e.g.,?20 dB).

Abstract: An impedance matching transformer is disclosed. The transformer includes a conductive ground plane and a dielectric substrate disposed upon the conductive ground plane. The dielectric substrate has a first end and a second end. The dielectric substrate may be of a unitary construction. A conductive current path is disposed upon the dielectric substrate. The height of the dielectric substrate at the second end is greater than the height of the dielectric substrate at the first end.

Abstract: An object is to suppress a reflection loss in any desired frequency band outside a required band, without affecting circuit characteristics in the required frequency band. The output impedance of a circuit in a specified frequency band is transformed into a high impedance by a transmission line 15. A resistance grounding circuit 18 having a frequency selectivity is connected in parallel. The resistance grounding circuit 18 is constructed of a resistor 16 which has a resistance close to a load resistance, a capacitance C which is selected so as to satisfy an equation Im[tan h{?(?/2??)}]=??0CZ0 at an angular frequency ?0 included in the frequency band, and a (?/2??)-long end-open stub.

Abstract: System and methods for modifying an electrical parameter of an electrical component are described. The system includes an electrical component disposed on a circuit board and a dielectric material. The electrical component has an electrical parameter that is sensitive to a dielectric constant of a substance proximate to the electrical component. The dielectric material is attached to the circuit board proximate to the electrical component and modifies the electrical parameter of the electrical component.

Abstract: An object is to suppress a reflection loss in any desired frequency band outside a required band, without affecting circuit characteristics in the required frequency band. The output impedance of a circuit in a specified frequency band is transformed into a high impedance by a transmission line 15. A resistance grounding circuit 18 having a frequency selectivity is connected in parallel. The resistance grounding circuit 18 is constructed of a resistor 16 which has a resistance close to a load resistance, a capacitance C which is selected so as to satisfy an equation Im[tan h{?(?/2??)}]=??0CZ0 at an angular frequency ?0 included in the frequency band, and a (?/2??)-long end-open stub.

Abstract: An impedance converter device comprises an electrically conductive external conductor with one or more connection locations for electrical lines, an electrically conductive internal conductor with one or more connection locations for electrical lines, and also a dielectric arranged between external conductor and internal conductor. The external conductor comprises a base area bounded by one or more side walls thereby forming an external conductor housing with an internal space and an opening opposite the base area. The internal conductor is arranged in the internal space. The internal conductor and the external conductor are insulated from one another by the dielectric. The internal conductor comprises at least one cutoff bar-type section with a cutoff bar bottom and at least one wall which extends from the bottom in the direction of the opening of the external conductor housing.

Abstract: A continuously variable quarter-wave transformer (103) including a quarter-wave element (110). The quarter-wave transformer has a characteristic impedance and is at least partially coupled to a fluidic dielectric (108). A controller (136) is provided for controlling a composition processor (101) which is adapted for dynamically changing a composition of the fluidic dielectric (108) to vary the permittivity and permeability in response to a control signal (137). The permeability and permittivity can be varied together to maintain approximately constant impedance and length in wavelengths at different operating frequencies, or to vary impedance and maintain constant length at a given frequency. The quarter-wave transformer (103) can be coupled to a solid dielectric substrate material. A plurality of component parts can be dynamically mixed together in the composition processor (101) responsive to the control signal (137).

Abstract: A frequency selective low loss transmission system for communicating a signal using a coaxial cable of one impedance to a device of different impedance. A connector with a matching transformer is integral to the connector which terminates with a standard interface. The invention also includes a coupling mechanism to couple the coaxial cable with the connector. The invention can also include series open stub conductors for capacitive coupling to the conductors of the coaxial cable. In addition to low losses over a broad frequency range, the connector facilitates connector installation due to the series open stub conductor while reducing cost and complexity of both coaxial cable and connector.

Abstract: A transmission line transformer (102) having an electrical length and a fluid dielectric (108). A fluid control system (150) is also provided for selectively moving the fluid dielectric (108) from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the fluid dielectric (108) is electrically and magnetically coupled to the transmission line transformer (102) to produce a first impedance transformation. In the second position, the fluid dielectric is electrically and magnetically decoupled from the transmission line transformer (102) to produce a second impedance transformation distinct from the first impedance transformation. The fluid control system (150) can be responsive to a control signal (174) and can include a pump (154) for moving the fluid dielectric from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A resonant circuit includes a transmission line in parallel with a varactor diode. The varactor diode has a capacitance that is variable in response to an applied voltage, which allows for real time impedance matching, attenuation control, and/or compensation for tolerances of other components. The resonant circuit is used with a quarter wavelength transmission line to provide impedance transformation and matching between multiple ports. A high frequency switch provides low current consumption, improved impedance matching, relatively low insertion losses, and excellent isolation between ports.

Abstract: A coaxial type impedance matching device includes a matching device body including an external conductor and an internal conductor arranged in the external conductor, an input side dielectric disposed in the matching device body and including a first dielectric and a second dielectric, and an output side dielectric disposed in the matching device body and including a third dielectric and a fourth dielectric. Distance between opposed surfaces of the first dielectric and the second dielectric is a predetermined distance, which is in a range of N?/4??/6 to N?/4??/6, where ? represents a guide wavelength of an input signal in the matching device body and N represents odd number. Distance between opposed surfaces of the third dielectric and the fourth dielectric is the predetermined distance.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating a parasitic capacitance on a differential amplifier output includes a first differential output and a second differential output of the differential amplifier. The first differential output coupled to the second differential output by a first conductor that has a length of about one half wavelength. The first and the second differential outputs have a parasitic capacitance that can be measured. A second conductor is coupled to the first differential output. The second conductor having a length that is less than or equal to about one quarter wavelength and has an inductive reactance that offsets a capacitive reactance of the parasitic capacitance.

Abstract: A circuit for processing radio frequency signals. The circuit includes a substrate where the circuit can be placed. The substrate can be a meta material and can incorporate at least one dielectric layer. A quarter-wave transformer and at least one ground can be coupled to the substrate. The dielectric layer can include a first region with a first set of substrate properties and a second region with a second set of substrate properties. Substrate properties can include a permittivity and a permeability. A substantial portion of the quarter-wave transformer can be coupled to the second region. The permittivity and/or permeability of the second region can be higher than the permittivity and/or permeability of the first region.

Abstract: A frequency selective low loss transmission system for communicating a signal using a coaxial cable of one impedance to a device of different impedance. A connector with a matching transformer is integral to the connector which terminates with a standard interface. The invention also includes a coupling mechanism to couple the coaxial cable with the connector. The invention can also include series open stub conductors for capacitive coupling to the conductors of the coaxial cable. In addition to low losses over a broad frequency range, the connector facilitates connector installation due to the series open stub conductor while reducing cost and complexity of both coaxial cable and connector.

Abstract: An apparatus and system may include a microstrip line capable of being coupled to an amplifier, wherein the microstrip line is to transform an input impedance of the amplifier to a substantially resistive value, and wherein the microstrip line has a characteristic impedance approximately equal to a selected system reference impedance. The apparatus and system may include a transformer coupled to the microstrip line, wherein the transformer is to transform the substantially resistive value into approximately a resistance of a source impedance included in a source. An article may include data, which, when accessed, results in a machine performing a method including simulating selecting a system having a reference impedance and simulating coupling an amplifier having an input impedance to a source having a source impedance using a transformer coupled to a microstrip line.

Abstract: Automatic microwave pre-matching tuners with new zero positioning capability allowing for a minimum idle airline section between pre-matching and tuning section, thus minimizing insertion loss and enhancing high reflection tuning capability at high frequencies and tuner calibration algorithm of the pre-matching section over one half of a wavelength and of the tuning section over one full wavelength at each operation frequency and associated tuning and measurement operation algorithms.