Abstract: A sheath heater includes: a housing having an accommodating space formed therein; a plurality of main terminals electrically connected to an outside of the sheath heater through an electric circuit, wherein the accommodating space is filled with magnesia and the plurality of main terminals are disposed in the accommodating space to penetrate through one side and another side of the housing; an overheat preventing means located in the housing, connected in series with the electric circuit, and having a PTC element controlling a flow of current of the electric circuit according to a temperature of the PTC element; and a heating element electrically connected to the electric circuit and generating heat during the flow of current.

Abstract: A breaker includes a fixed metal plate, a moving metal plate, a bimetal, and a heater. The fixed plate includes a fixed contact in a space of an exterior case having an electrically-insulating case and an exterior metal plate. The exterior plate and the fixed plate are arranged opposed to each other, and fixed to the electrically-insulating case. The bimetal has a convex shape, and is arranged between the heater and the moving plate. The electrically-insulating case includes first and second outer walls and protruding from the both ends of the case. A central part of the fixed plate is fixed to the first outer wall, and a part of moving plate is fixed to the second outer wall. The exterior plate closes the opening of the space.

Abstract: The 3-electrode surge protective device includes: a surge protective device body including: an earth electrode; a ceramic cylinder; and a pair of line electrodes; and a fail-safe spring including: an elastic mount portion; and a short-circuit portion, a conductive material that is sandwiched between the fail-safe spring and the body; and a pair of first lead pins provided on the pair of line electrodes; a second lead pin provided on the earth electrode. In a normal state, the conductive material support the short-circuit portion at a separation position where the short-circuit portion is separated from the outer peripheral face of the body and the first lead pins. In case where the body is overheated and the conductive material is melted, the short-circuit portion is moved to a contact position where the short-circuit portion comes into contact with the second lead pin and the first lead pins.

Abstract: One example of the present subject matter includes a first elongate section having a first flexible conductor enveloped by a first jacket; a second elongate section having a second flexible conductor enveloped by a second jacket; and an sensor section having an elongate flexible tubular shape, the sensor section housing a resistance temperature detector element which is at least partially coiled and which is resistance welded to the first flexible conductor at a first weld and to the second flexible conductor at a second weld; wherein the sensor section at least partially envelops and overlaps the first elongate section and the second elongate section, with a first band crimping the sensor section to the first elongate section, and a second band crimping the sensor section to the second elongate section, and with the first and second welds disposed between the first and second bands.

Abstract: The arrays of independently-addressable resistors are commonly used to control miniature elements. The invention proposes solving the problem caused by the loss of power dissipated in the addressed resistor by choosing, for this resistor, a material with a negative thermal coefficient resistance, which enables the addressing output of this resistor to be increased.

Abstract: A fusible resistor and method of fabricating the same is provided. The fusible resistor has a very low resistance of 20 to 470 m?. by depositing thin films as a fusible element made of a material with low resistivity such as copper having a temperature coefficient of over 2,000 ppm/° C. The fusible resistor comprises a resistor body, a fusible element layer formed to surround the resistor body, caps formed to surround ends of the fusible element layer, lead wires attached to the caps, and an insulating layer for insulating the fusible element layer and the caps from outside. The thus-fabricated fusible resistor performs all functions of a use without generating excessive heat.

Abstract: An improved variable resistor at least partially compensates for non-linearities in an electrical circuit containing a heating element, for example, a thin-film heating element. A controllable heater includes a heating element, a voltage source (for example, a standard AC electrical outlet) coupled to the heating element, and a variable resistor coupled to the heating element and voltage source. The variable resistor includes a fixed resistive element (for example, one or more thin-film resistors) and a moveable element such as a slider control. The moveable element adjustably contacts the fixed resistive element at a contact point associated with the position such that the variable resistor has a resistance that is at least partially non-linearly related to the position, but wherein the heating element has a dissipated power that is at least partially linearly related to the position of the variable resistor.

Abstract: The present invention reveals an over-current protection apparatus comprising a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, a third electrode plate, a conductive element and a high resistance material layer, where the high resistance material layer may contact the first electrode plate to form a conducting path, the conductive element is connected to the first electrode plate and the second electrode, the thermally expanded conductive element can cut off current, the high resistance material layer is connected to the third electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the high resistance layer is less than that of the conductive element. By virtue of the thermal expansion of the conductive element due to an over-current, the first electrode plate is departed from the third electrode plate so as to enforce the current flows through the high resistance material layer for current reduction.

Abstract: The present invention includes electronic device workpieces, methods of semiconductor processing and methods of sensing temperature of an electronic device workpiece. In one aspect, the invention provides an electronic device workpiece including: a substrate having a surface; a temperature sensing device borne by the substrate; and an electrical interconnect formed upon the surface of the substrate, the electrical interconnect being electrically coupled with the temperature sensing device. In another aspect, a method of sensing temperature of an electronic device workpiece includes: providing an electronic device workpiece; supporting a temperature sensing device using the electronic device workpiece; providing an electrical interconnect upon a surface of the electronic device workpiece; electrically coupling the electrical interconnect with the temperature sensing device; and sensing temperature of the electronic device workpiece using the temperature sensing device.

Abstract: A method of measuring the temperature of a wire which is surrounded by a layer of insulation includes the step of wrapping the layer of insulation with an electrically and thermally conductive ground shield having two opposing longitudinal ends, one of the ends being electrically grounded. A first relationship is determined between the temperature of the wire and a temperature of the shield. A second relationship is ascertained between an electrical resistance of the shield between the longitudinal ends and the temperature of the shield. The electrical resistance of the shield between the longitudinal ends is measured. The temperature of the wire is established by using the first relationship and the second relationship to correlate the measured electrical resistance of the shield to the temperature of the wire.

Abstract: A resistance temperature detector (RTD) unit includes an RTD assembly that is removably supported in a central chamber of a support assembly. In a preferred arrangement, the RTD assembly and the central chamber are arc shaped to facilitate removal from the support assembly and to maintain contact surface area. By providing a removable RTD assembly, costs are reduced over current RTD assemblies including two monitoring elements, and the RTD elements can be replaced without dismantling the top bar connections.

Abstract: A multilayered ceramic integrated sensor 200 for monitoring auto exhaust gases is capable of existing in the relatively harsh environments of the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine. The integrated sensor 200 may include discrete devices such as an oxygen sensor 104, a hydrogen sensor 206, an NO.sub.x sensor 208, and a carbon monoxide sensor 210. The device 200 may further include a temperature sensor 202 as well as total combustion calorimetric sensor 102. The multilayered ceramic integrated sensor may be fabricated from a plurality of layers of ceramic material disposed in stacked relationship with respect to one another.

Abstract: In a gas sensor for sensing reducing or oxidizing gases which comprises a semiconductive metal oxide film, there are provided stripe-like outer electrodes which define therebetween a continuous surface area and stripe-like inner electrodes which extend between, and parallel to, the outer electrodes so as to divide the continuous surface area into longitudinal segments which have different properties with respect to reducing or oxidizing gases such that different conductivity changes are generated for the different segments upon exposure to oxidizing or reducing gases.

Abstract: A resistor structure (10) having a heating element (35) and a resistor (32), and a method of trimming the resistor (32). The heating element (35) is separated from the resistor (32) by a layer of dielectric material (19). The resistor (32) has a layer of resistive material (23) on an etch control layer (22). The resistor (32) is trimmed by providing current pulses (62) through the heating element (35). Heat generated by the current pulses flows to the resistor (32) and anneals or trims the resistor (32). A resistor trimming variable, e.g. a voltage across resistor contacts (30, 31), is monitored and the current pulses are modulated in accordance with the value of the resistor trimming variable (63). The trimming step is terminated when the desired resistance value of the resistor (32) is attained.

Abstract: A resistor combination and method, that is formed by a substrate having a resistive film on it, and pins extruding from one edge of the substrate and connected to the film. A U-shaped cold region is provided on the substrate around at least much of the film, and is so constructed that application of common high overload voltages to the pins causes vertical fracture of the substrate. The resulting substrate pieces are held by the pins to the circuit board. In one embodiment, a synthetic resin housing is provided around the substrate.

Abstract: A resistor device for controlling a rotational speed of a resistance unit and an open-circuit means. A receiving recess is provided to any one side surface of a heat sink vertically affixed to a top surface plate of a housing. A resistance unit, which is protected by a film and made of metal material forming a resistor circuit for gradually controlling the rotational speed of a motor, is received within the recess in the heat sink and connected to a terminal. An open-circuit means, having a soldered portion which is fused at a predetermined temperature upon an overload of the motor, is provided at a predetermined distance between the resistance unit and a terminal.

Abstract: A fuse resistor protects a circuit from a surge, an overcurrent from an unexpected connection, or the like. When a continuous overvoltage higher than a predetermined value is applied to the circuit, the heat from a heat-generating resistant film fractures an insulating substrate of the fuse resistor to open the circuit. Changing the minimum current to which the fuse resistor responds, by modifying a cutout or notch on the substrate, makes it possible to use the fuse resistor anywhere in the circuit. A discharging-type surge absorbing element with a security mechanism that includes the fuse resistor can thus provide protection against a surge or a continuous overcurrent that is more than the rated value of the fuse resistor.

Abstract: An electric resistor has a resistor body arranged between two contract terminals. This resistor core includes an element with PTC behavior which, below a material-specific temperature, forms an electrically conducting path running between the two contact terminals. The resistor can be simple and inexpensive, but still have a high rate current-carrying capacity protected against local and overall overvoltages. This is achieved by the resistor core additionally containing a material having varistor behavior. The varistor material is connected in parallel with at least one subsection of the electrically conducting path, forming at least one varistor, and is brought into intimate electrical contact with the part of the PTC material forming the at least one subsection. The parallel connection of the element with PTC behavior and the varistor can be realized both by a microscopic construction and by a macroscopic arrangement.

Abstract: A thermal conductivity detector includes a thin diaphragm, a heat-generating portion, and a pair of boundary holes. The thin diaphragm is obtained by forming a space in part of a base. The heat-generating portion is formed in the diaphragm. The boundary holes are formed to surround the heat-generating portion.

Abstract: An improved blower motor speed control resistor array in which the resistor elements are defined by multiple optimally sized patches of resistive ink deposited onto opposite sides of a thin flat ceramic substrate. The array comprises three resistive patches connected in series via fusing elements to provide three reduced blower motor speeds MH, M and L. The thin ceramic substrate is flat on both of its faces, and each face comprises a terminal region for attachment of the resistive patches to the terminal elements, and a resistor region for deposition of the three resistive patches. The resistive patch of lowest resistivity (the MH resistor) is deposited on the entire resistor region of a first side of the substrate. The resistor patches of intermediate and highest resistivity (the M and L resistors, respectively) share the resistor region of the other side of the substrate in relation proportion to their respective resistivities.

Abstract: Multilayer, thin film multijunction integrated micropotentiometers are formed in an integral multifilm membrane form over a through opening in a nonmagnetic, dielectric substrate. Through the use of conventional photolithographic and etching techniques, integrated structures are formed to include either single elongate heater elements, bifilar heater elements, or trifilar heater elements with multiple return paths. Multijunction thermopiles and resistors are formed with the heater. The individual layers of silicon oxide or silicon nitride, are formed with conventional chemical vapor deposition, sputtering and other known techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resistance unit for controlling a motor speed of driving a blower of an automobile air conditioner. The resistance unit includes a resistance circuit board printing a plurality of resistors in the form of double layers on both sides thereof, a supporting plate for mounting the board and a plurality of lead frames each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding terminal of the resistors, and a socket, combined with the supporting plate, taking a part of each lead frame therein.

Abstract: Temperature sensors or temperature sensor arrangements made from glass ceramic and bonding film resistors, suitable especially for control and limitation of output in glass ceramic cooking areas, are distinguished in that thin- and/or thick-film resistors are baked on supports of glass ceramic, for example, in the area of the cooking zone of a glass ceramic cooking surface, and one or more glass ceramic resistances are delimited and bonded there, and the film resistors form parallel and/or iterative circuits with the glass ceramic resistances. By suitable selection of the dimensions as well as the surface resistances and temperature coefficients of the bonding film resistors and the type of sensor circuit (parallel and/or iterative circuit), the temperature resistance characteristic of a sensor circuit can be varied within wide limits, e.g., the temperature area of use of a glass ceramic sensor can be considerably expanded toward low temperatures.

Abstract: An extended resistance temperature sensor formed of a plurality of lengths of pre-insulated resistance temperature detector (RTD) wire. The RTD wire is either unheated, self heated, alternatingly self heated or is heated by means of strands of heater wire integrated with or placed closely adjacent to the RTD wire. The RTD wire itself, or together with the heater wire, is bonded together in one elongated embodiment. Alternatively the RTD wire, or with the heater wire, may be encased in insulated shrink tubing, thin wall metal tubing or both. Connectors are provided at each end of the elongated structure to supply electrical current for heating purposes or to connect the RTD wire to detection circuitry, or both, and the configuration of RTD wire is doubled back on itself to form a U-shaped structure with the connectors adjacent each other. Protective sheaths are provided over the connectors.

Abstract: An extended resistance temperature sensor formed of a plurality of lengths of pre-insulated resistance temperature detector (RTD) wire. The RTD wire is either unheated, self heated or is heated by means of strands of heater wire integrated with or placed closely adjacent to the RTD wire. The RTD wire itself, or together with the heater wire, is bonded together in one embodiment. Alternatively the RTD wire, or with the heater wire, may be encased in insulated shrink tubing, thin wall metal tubing or both. Connectors are provided to supply electrical current for heating purposes or to connect the RTD wire to detection circuitry, or both. Protective sheaths are provided over the connectors.

Abstract: An RTD (resistance temperature sensor or detector) sensing device which is a long, thin, unitary device adapted to be distributed across an extended field for the continuous, uninterrupted sensing or interrogation of such field, avoiding the inaccuracy, unreliability, and excessive expense of conventional "point" RTD and thermocouple sensors currently employed for this purpose. According to the invention, a very long, thin, ductile protective metal outer sheath houses a coextensive body of insulation material, which in turn supports and electrically insulates one or more coextensive RTD filaments and in most forms of the invention one or more heater filaments. Distributed RTDs of the invention may, along their lengths, have continuous linear function sensitivity, continuous variable function sensitivity, or step function sensitivity.

Abstract: An RTD (resistance temperature sensor or detector) sensing device which is a long, thin, unitary device adapted to be distributed across an extended field for the continuous, uninterrupted sensing or interrogation of such field, avoiding the inaccuracy, unreliability, and excessive expense of conventional "point" RTD and thermocouple sensors currently employed for this purpose. According to the invention, a very long, thin, ductile protective metal outer sheath houses a coextensive body of insulation material, which in turn supports and electrically insulates one or more coextensive RTD filaments and in most forms of the invention one or more heater filaments. Distributed RTDs of the invention may, along their lengths, have continuous linear function sensitivity, continuous variable function sensitivity, or step function sensitivity.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for boiling water dispenser includes clamping members for mounting a sensor such as a thermister in position to sense the presence and absence of steam.

Abstract: The temperature of one or several sensors which are electrically heated or cooled to a temperature substantially different from a stagnant or running fluid surrounding the said sensor or sensors by applying an electric current to the said sensor or sensors, and the temperature of the said fluid are measured simultaneously to calculate the temperature difference between the said sensor or sensors and the said fluid at an equilibrium state of heat transfer at the surface of the said sensor or sensors, thereby measuring a change in state of the said fluid collectively on an in-line processing basis without disturbing the said fluid; a change in this state results in a change in heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the said sensor or sensors, the coefficient being collectively correlated with the viscosity, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, coefficient of volumetric expansion, flow speed or flow direction of the said fluid at a given temperature.

Abstract: An extended resistance temperature sensor formed of a plurality of lengths of pre-insulated resistance temperature detector (RTD) wire. The RTD wire is either unheated, self heated or is heated by means of strands of heater wire integrated with or placed closely adjacent to the RTD wire. The RTD wire itself, or together with the heater wire, is bonded together in one embodiment. Alternatively the RTD wire, or with the heater wire, may be encased in insulated shrink tubing, thin wall metal tubing or both. Connectors are provided to supply electrical current for heating purposes or to connect the RTD wire to detection circuitry, or both. Protective sheaths are provided over the connectors.

Abstract: An RTD (resistance temperature sensor or detector) sensing device which is a long, thin, unitary device adapted to be distributed across an extended field for the continuous, uninterrupted sensing or interrogation of such field, avoiding the inaccuracy, unreliability, and excessive expense of conventional "point" RTD and thermocouple sensors currently employed for this purpose. According to the invention, a very long, thin, ductile protective metal outer sheath houses a coextensive body of insulation material, which in turn supports and electrically insulates one or more coextensive RTD filaments and in most forms of the invention one or more heater filaments. Distributed RTDs of the invention may, along their lengths, have continuous linear function sensitivity, continuous variable function sensitivity, or step function sensitivity.

Abstract: In the past, a power fuse need be replaced after the current limiting operation and cannot be repeatedly used. To solve this problem, there has been proposed a permanent fuse or the like which uses an alkaline metal having a low melting point such as Hg, K, Na, etc.These are harmful to human body, and since they are completely vaporized, an insulated layer of a vessel cannot be removed, thus giving rise to a difficulty toward higher voltage.The present invention makes best use of characteristic of carbon which sublimates. A plurality of boundary layers of carbon lumps are disposed in series or in series and parallel, and electrode potential drops at the time of large current and potential drops of arc column under high atmosphere presssure which produces for a short period of time are utilized to effect current limiting.

Abstract: The present invention provides a probe for measuring the level of a liquid, including a conductor partially immersed in said liquid and whose degree of immersion depends on said variable level to be measured, the resistivity of which conductor depends on the temperature. The conductor is for example etched on an insulating support which is a better conductor of heat than air. The result is a very good linearity for rapid measurements, higher accuracy and a great mounting simplicity.

Abstract: A device for regulating the temperature of an electronic component, such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) component in a hybrid package, without dissipating large amounts of power. The device includes a positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor positioned in contact with the component of which the temperature is to be controlled, and an insulating body with included air spaces, positioned between the thermistor and the package, to provide a high thermal resistance between the thermistor and the package. In one preferred form of the invention, the insulating body is a length of glass tubing that has been deformed to include two flat surfaces for contacting the thermistor and the package. Another disclosed embodiment includes a second thermistor and insulator combination, to further increase the thermal resistance between the component and the package.

Abstract: A resistor device comprises a first film of resistive material deposited on a dielectric substrate and having two terminal portions for connection to an electrical circuit, and a second film of resistive material deposited on the substrate in thermally-conductive contact with the first film and electrically isolated therefrom. The material of one of the films has a relatively high temperature coefficient of resistance, so that the resistance of that film can be utilized as an indication of the temperature of the other film.

Abstract: Novel organic heat-sensitive semiconductive materials containing tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as electron acceptor and exhibiting inherent resistivity-temperature characteristics. The materials include (N-n-propylthiazolium).sup.+ (TCNQ).sup.- (TCNQ), (N-n-butylthiazolium).sup.+ (TCNQ).sup.- (TCNQ) and (N-n-butylpyridium).sup.+ (TCNQ).sup.- (TCNQ). These three compounds can be prepared by reacting TCNQ with iodides of corresponding cations, respectively. The heat-sensitive materials have particular utility in the field of timing or heat-sensitive elements.

Abstract: A thermally sensitive semiconductor switch structure has a nichrome strip vacuum evaporated and sintered in a zigzag pattern on a ceramic substrate and a silicon pellet disposed on the substrate through the nichrome strip and a glass layer. A thyristor is provided in the silicon pellet and is electrically insulated from the nichrome strip. The thyristor is adapted to be heated by a current flowing through the nichrome strip and to be turned on upon its reaching a predetermined temperature. When its temperature decreases below the predetermined magnitude, it is turned off.