Abstract: A hybrid thermistor temperature sensor includes a two-pole network of temperature-dependent resistors being in thermal and electrical contact with each other. The two-pole network has at least one temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient as a cold conductor, at least one temperature-dependent resistor with a negative temperature coefficient as a hot conductor, a temperature/resistance curve with a constant behavior or plateau in a predetermined temperature region, and at least one electrode electrically coupling at least two of the temperature-dependent resistors to each other. The at least one electrode is produced from a material ensuring a contact between the temperature-dependent resistors that breaks down a barrier layer and forms a diffusion barrier to a mutual diffusion of ingredients of each respective one of the contacting temperature-dependent resistors into the other of the temperature-dependent resistors.

Abstract: Several trim patterns are illustrated which are suited for use in high voltage, surge prone environments. The invention combines a block resistor with a simple scan cut and two or more plunge cuts to simply form a resistor. The resulting resistor is immune to adverse affects associated with current crowding and arcing, both known to have much adverse impact on the prior art.

Abstract: A passively-multiplexed resistor array has rows and columns of conductors. Resistors span the intersections of the conductors, and one or more selected resistors may be energized by energizing the corresponding row(s) and column(s). However, other, unselected, resistors may also be partially energized. By adding additional rows or columns of "minimizer" resistors, the maximum power in unselected resistors may be reduced. The minimizer resistors are electrically connected in the passively-multiplexed resistor array but do not perform the function of the other resistors in the array.

Abstract: A thick film hydrogen sensor element includes an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having deposited thereon a thick film metallization forming at least two resistors. The metallization is a sintered composition of Pd and a sinterable binder such as glass frit. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors.

Abstract: A current-limiting component having an electrical resistance body arranged between two contact terminals. The resistance body contains a first resistance material having PTC behavior. Below a limit temperature, the first resistance material has a low cold resistivity and at least one current-carrying path extending between the two contact terminals. Above the limit temperature, the first resistance material has a high hot resistivity compared with its cold resistivity. The current-limiting component has uniform switching capability and high rated current-carrying capacity despite simple and inexpensive construction. The resistance body additionally contains second resistance material having a resistivity which is between the cold resistivity and the hot resistivity of the first resistance material. The second resistance material is in intimate electrical contact with the first resistance material and forms at least one resistance path connected in parallel with the current-carrying path.

Abstract: A thermistor-type temperature sensor having multiple temperature-sensitive elements can detect a wide range of temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor uses multiple thin thermo-resistive elements having different electrical characteristics, where the elements are disposed on insulating ceramic substrates and covered by insulating sheets. This arrangement provides a low-profile thermistor-type sensor operable over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: A heater comprises an insulating substrate which carries a parallel pair of conductor strips. The respective conductor strips are spaced from each other transversely thereof but electrically connected to each other by a plurality of heating resistors which are spaced longitudinally of the respective conductor strips. Advantageously, the heating resistors are arranged or configured so that the heater will have a temperature distribution which is equalized longitudinally.

Abstract: When resistor elements, common electrodes and individual electrodes are formed on a substrate, a disconnected portion, i.e., open portion is formed in one of the common electrodes. After the respective resistor elements are trimmed, the disconnected portion of the one common electrode is bridged by a conductor.

Abstract: A thermistor device includes plural thermistor elements in series, one or more of which is shunted with a varistor so that if such thermistor heats up and drops excessive voltage, the current therethrough is diverted to the varistor until other thermistors in series also heat to a high resistance state. The thermistor and varistor elements are thermally joined so that the various thermistor elements are rapidly brought up to temperature and prevent prolonged voltage drop across a protective varistor.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor element comprises an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having a thin-film metallization deposited thereon which forms at least two resistors on the substrate. The metallization comprises a layer of Pd or a Pd alloy for sensing hydrogen and an underlying intermediate metal layer for providing enhanced adhesion of the metallization to the substrate. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors, and at least one of the resistors is left uncovered. The difference in electrical resistances of the covered resistor and the uncovered resistor is related to hydrogen concentration in a gas to which the sensor element is exposed.

Abstract: A variable attenuator has a plurality of attenuation resistor units, a plurality of switching units, and a plurality of impedance compensation resistor units. The attenuation resistor units are connected in series for attenuating an input signal, and the switching units are provided for the attenuation resistor units. One of the switching units are selected in accordance with a digital control signal supplied from an external source. Each of the impedance compensation resistor units is connected in series with the respective switching units to compensate an output impedance to a specific value regardless of the state of the switching units. Therefore, the variable attenuator of the present invention can correctly control the level of an analog signal by a digital signal.

Abstract: A resistor bank consisting of a group of resistors formed on the surface of die, all electrically connected together in parallel. All of the resistors have identical individual resistances, but each has a unique energy dissipating capacity. When an event subjects the resistor bank to a surge of current, some of the resistors blow out, thereby changing the resistance of the bank. By measuring the resistance of the bank before and after an event the energy of the surge can be determined.

Abstract: A network-type resistor array in which a plurality of resistors are successively arranged, in which electrode portions of the resistors are respectively separated by angular electrode-separating notches, so as to prevent the short-circuit between the adjacent electrode portions due to the flowing along of molten solder for electrode connection.

Abstract: A resistor network is provided which significantly reduces the total number of resistors required to achieve a given resolution. It comprises a cell of resistors that consists of a nonbinary number of resistors that is not evenly divisible by an integer power of two and is specifically selected to permit the group of resistors to be sequentially reduced to subgroups, or combinations, of resistors which yield a plurality of subgroup resistances that differ from preceding or subsequent subgroup resistances by a generally equivalent differential. The cell of resistors is combined with a plurality of resistor cells that consist of binary numbers of resistors in a conventional resistor ladder format. When combined with the binary resistor cells, the cell consisting of a nonbinary number of resistors provides a substantially similar resolution with a significant reduction in the number of resistors required.

Abstract: The effective parasitic end resistance of small-value precision integrated circuit resistors is reduced by providing N resistors connected in parallel and causing at least two of the resistors to share a terminal contact. The resulting integrated circuit resistor includes multiple terminal contacts of any number n greater than two. Of the n terminal contacts, N-1 terminal contacts are shared amongst said resistors. The parasitic end resistances are diminished by a factor equal to the number of resistors connected in parallel. By increasing the length of the active area of the N resistors by a factor equal to the number of the resistors, the desired resistance value remains undiminished. As a result, the parasitic end resistances may be made negligible compared to the desired resistance even for small value resistors.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a ceramic layered product having a multilayer structure formed of a plurality of ceramic sheets, a plurality of resistive patterns, containing copper or nickel, formed on major surfaces of the plurality of ceramic sheets respectively, a conductive path passing through the ceramic sheets for series-connecting the plurality of resistive patterns with each other, and respective terminals connected to both ends of the series-connected plurality of resistive patterns. The ceramic sheets being formed of an unreducible ceramic material prepared from a TiO.sub.2.BaO.CaO.ZrO.sub.2 compound.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a ceramic layered product having a multilayer structure formed of a plurality of ceramic sheets containing an unreducible ceramic material, a plurality of resistive patterns, containing copper or nickel, formed on major surfaces of the plurality of ceramic sheets respectively, a conductive path passing through the ceramic sheets for series-connecting the plurality of resistive patterns with each other, and respective terminals connected to both ends of the series-connected plurality of resistive patterns.

Abstract: A PTC resistive strip is mounted on a wall of a washer tub. Water in the tub carries away heat from the energized strip thereby reducing its resistance. The water level in the tub is measured by measuring the voltage drop across the strip. The resistance of the strip can be compared to the resistance across a variable resistance or resistor to indicate that the water has reached a desired level. A comparator output can be used to control the water level and washer motor operation via a control circuit which operates the water supply valves and motor switch. A second PTC resistive element is also provided for sensing overfill.

Abstract: The resistor network of the present invention uses nodal common points with branch conductors for distribution of electrical power to a plurality of resistors. Separating the branch conductors are electromagnetic shields which isolate individual resistors and branch conductors so as to reduce crosstalk between resistors. Additionally, resistors are alternately patterned upon each side of a substrate in order to further reduce crosstalk.

Abstract: A transducer for a thermal ink jet printhead has a primary heating region having a tantalum layer, a silicon nitride layer and a polysilicon resistor layer. An n.sup.- drift layer resistor serves as a secondary heating region and a field layer of silicon dioxide acts as an insulator. The field layer is sandwiched between the primary heating region and the secondary heating region. The secondary heating region by heating the field layer causes the heat generated in the primary heating region to be directed toward ink which lies above the primary heating region. An electrical contact connects the polysilicon resistor layer of the primary heating region to a driving transistor located on the same silicon wafer as the transducer. The driving transistor has a field oxide layer sandwiched between an n.sup.- drift layer and a field plate layer, the field plate layer causing secondary pinch off of the n.sup.- drift layer thus enabling higher operating voltages.

Abstract: A liquid jet head having: a discharge port for discharing liquid; a liquid path communicating with the discharge port; and a plurality of electro-thermal converting elements for generating thermal energy used for discharging the liquid, wherein each of said electro-thermal converting elements has heat resistive layer and at least one pair of electrodes electrically connected to the heat resistive layer, and the heat resistive layers are laminated together with intermediate layers of insulator to form a laminate in a direction perpendicular to a direction at which the liquid is supplied to a heat acting surface of the electro-thermal converting elements.

Abstract: A resistive network formed on a substrate includes film resistors formed of resistive elements, each element having a plurality of portions symmetrically disposed relative to two axes of symmetry. The biaxially symmetric arrangement provides uniform resistance characteristics for the various film resistors, thus improving stability of resistance ratios among resistors of the network. TCR tracking for the film resistors, i.e., the TCR of a ratio of the resistors, is similarly improved. Where the elements of different resistors of the network are interleaved, the temperature of the different resistors is also made more uniform.

Abstract: A variable resistor having a multi-layer resistive/conductive element is provided. The resistor has three electrodes, a resistive element connecting two of the electrodes and a sliding contact between the resistive element and the third electrode. The base of the resistor is provided with test areas. Each of the test areas contains a strip of the material used to form an individual layer in the multi-layer element. The test areas provide a convenient means for measuring the thickness of the individual layers in the multi-layer element without having to destroy the resistor.

Abstract: A resistor divider network is disclosed having two or more thin or thick film resistive elements deposited on a substrate. Each of the resistive elements is divided into a number of resistive subelements which are interleaved so as to improve the temperature coefficient of ratio (TCR tracking) and improve the thermal coupling which greatly improves the ratio constancy over a wide range of input voltage. There are an odd total number of resistive subelements, the subelements of each main element having equal resistances.

Abstract: An electric resistance heating element for heating fluids includes a plurality of ring-shaped members made of a ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) disposed in concentric generally coplanar relationship, one around the other, and spaced apart from each other to form through passages for fluid flow therebetween. Electrode layers are formed at the two opposite ends of each ring and a pair of electrically conductive securing ring members are each securely soldered to a respective one of the electrode layers. Each securing ring member is integrally formed with two diametrical cross members soldered to each ceramic ring-shaped members and with each cross member having spaced grooves radially engaging and positioning the ring-shaped ceramic members. The outer periphery of each securing ring member incorporates a plurality of radially extending lugs for mounting the heating element for use and for making electrical connection between the securing ring member and a power supply.

Abstract: In a liquid injection recording system wherein an electrical signal is input to an electro-thermal conversion element to cause it to generate heat and produce bubbles in liquid and the liquid is injected by the action of the bubbles, a substance whose electrical resistance is varied by phase transition is used for a portion of the electro-thermal conversion element and harmonious recording is effected by the utilization of the phase transition characteristic of the substance.

Abstract: A resistor is provided with a plurality of turn parts whose corners have an obtuse flexional angle in order to improve the relative resistance precision. A ladder resistor can be formed with a plurality of such resistors connected in series, and various electronic devices are formed employing the ladder resistor.

Abstract: A viad chip resistor made from an insulative wafer and having a via formed near end of the wafer. Conductive pads surround the vias on both sides of the wafer. A resistive element is formed on one side of the wafer between the vias and is electrically connected to the conductive pads on that side. An array of viad chip resistors, from which said individual viad chip resistors are cut, is also shown.

Abstract: A programmable heater which can be electronically programmed to provide an intended heat profile and intended heater power for application of heat only to an intended area. The heater is especially adapted for use in electronic circuit board repair systems. The heater comprises a matrix of electrical heater elements arranged in row and column configuration, each element being disposed within a respective tube terminating at a nozzle plane. Individual heater elements are selectively energized and the power applied to the heating elements is controlled to provide an intended heat level. Gas or air is supplied to the heater housing and flows through the tubes and out of the nozzle openings. Only the gas flowing through the tubes containing the energized heating elements is heated to provide a selected heat profile for application to a work surface.

Abstract: A distributed wye resistor network fabricated on an integrated circuit substrate includes a resistive body coupled between two terminal elements. The resistive body includes a plurality of slots extending therethrough between the terminal elements to form a plurality of discrete resistive links. The resistive body therefore has characteristics of an artificial anisotropically conducting medium. The resistive links have a parabolic length profile. The links can be continuously cut, starting with the shortest link, until parameters of the integrated circuit are brought within desired specifications.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate for forming electronic tip parts. At least a pair of slits is substantially parallelly formed in the ceramic substrate for forming side electrodes, and a plurality of grooves are also formed in the ceramic substrate between the slits to cross the slits so as to define together with the slits divisions respectively for the individual electronic tip parts.

Abstract: A high power RF resistor for use, for example, as an isolation resistor in an RF hybrid splitter/combiner is formed on a thermally conductive substrate. A first insulating beryllia (BeO) layer extends over the substrate and has a top surface and a bottom surface. A first metallization layer extends over the top surface of the first insulating layer and includes a longitudinally-extending gap. A second insulating BeO layer is positioned above the first insulating layer and includes a top surface, a bottom surface and first and second side surfaces. A second metallization layer surrounds the bottom surface and the first and second side surfaces of the second insulating layer and has a longitudinally-extending gap, the gap in the second metallization layer positioned to be in alignment with the gap in the first metallization layer. This structure forms a Faraday shield between the resistive layer and ground to thereby reduce the I.sup.

Abstract: A resistor network having resistor elements disposed equally spaced apart in parallel relation to each other and one or more insulation substrates to which the resistor elements are rigidly mounted. The substrates and the elements are all enclosed in a resin seal in the form of a belt. The resin seal is provided with one or more holes extending through it for dissipating heat. The holes are rectangular in shape, and are disposed between every two of the resistor elements or in other regular manner.

Abstract: A discharge terminal is provided integral with a resistor network unit to provide a discharge path for high voltage static electricity so that the high voltage spike does not alter the present values of resistance within the newtwork unit.The discharge terminal is located near a lead terminal to define a discharge gap between the lead terminal and the discharge terminal such that a static spike will not reach resistive elements in the resistor network.

Abstract: A signal termination device is illustrated using planar circuit technology for providing both broadband capabilities from DC to over ten gigahertz while maintaining small size and high power dissipation capabilities. This is accomplished by plating a series cascade of resistors and transmission lines such that the sum of the resistors is equal to the desired termination impedance and the impedance of the interconnecting transmission lines is equal to the sum of the remaining resistors between that point and ground. The use of the intervening transmission lines enhances the power handling capability of the resistor elements and enhances uniform power densities in the resistor elements.

Abstract: A high power thick film resistor having improved power handling capability is obtained with a resistor having two overlying thick film layers wherein the first thick film layer has a relatively low resistivity and the second thick film layer has a relatively high resistivity.

Abstract: A band-form, electrically heat-generating apparatus having two parallel electrodes and resistance elements intervened therebetween over the entire length of the electrodes, and connected to both the electrodes in parallel and individual feeding points on each of the respective electrodes, which apparatus is characterized in that the feeding point to one of the electrodes and that to another of the electrodes are located at diagonal positions relative to the parallelogram formed by the two electrodes and the outermost two of the resistance elements to form a heat-generating unit. A plurality of such a heat-generating apparatus may be formed by connecting such a heat-generating unit in series to form a heat-generating apparatus; and the electrically heat-generating apparatus may further be provided with a circuit for detecting or protecting voltage abnormalities. With the above apparatus, a more uniform heat generation is possible as compared with conventional apparatus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for matching the sensitivities of different-sized resistors to changes in resistance due to changes in width resulting from a systematic manufacturing error. In order to produce sets of resistors which can be deployed in predetermined ratios of resistance, the sensitivities of a matching resistor and a reference resistor are equalized by forming the matching resistor as a plurality of parallel strips as opposed to a unitary rectangular section.

Abstract: An electrical heating device comprises a substrate, a pair of parallel, spaced apart elongated conductors extending longitudinally of the substrate, and a semi-conductor pattern carried on the substrate and electrically connected to and extending between the conductors. The semi-conductor pattern produces a thermal image for an infrared target. In some embodiments, the thermal image is irregular or circular in shape and the semi-conductor pattern includes a plurality of transversely-spaced bars having relatively wide portions outside, and relatively thin portions within, the area producing the thermal image.

Abstract: A thick film resistance element is disclosed which is especially suited for use on hybrid circuit subassemblies, which resistance element includes both coarse and fine adjustment, such as by laser beam trimming operation. The resistance element includes a first segment having a given resistance value per unit area and a second segment abutting the first segment along one edge thereof. The second segment includes a resistance material with a differing resistance value per unit area than exhibited by such first segment. In the trimming operation, a laser beam cuts a longitudinal slot in the segment with the higher resistance point below the desired value. The laser beam then cuts a similar longitudinal slot in the other segment to a point where the desired resistance value is obtained.

Abstract: A circuit/packaging arrangement for terminating and decoupling emitter coupled logic comprises a plurality of terminating impedance components (resistors) and decoupling capacitor one end of each of which is connected via a common conductor to one pair of a multi-pin single-in-line package (SIP). The other ends of the terminating impedance and the capacitor are connected to respective terminal pins adjacent to the one pin of the SIP. The decoupling capacitor that is coupled with the terminating resistors is located, both physically and electrically, at the middle of the distribution or terminating resistors contained within the SIP, such that the resistors are distributed effectively/symmetrically on either side of the capacitor. This location of the capacitor effectively in the middle of the terminating network minimizes line inductance of the common (-2v) conductor to which one end of each of the resistors is connected.

Abstract: An improved thick film resistor is disclosed which is comprised of a substrate, a resistor body comprised of a plurality of overlying layers of a resistor material, and a pair of spaced apart terminals each of which has a primary contact portion and a plurality of spaced apart secondary contact portions. The secondary contact portions are interleaved between the layers of resistor material and extend partially into the resistor body and are in electrical and heat transferring contact with the respective primary contact portions of each terminal. The novel thick film resistor is compact in its dimensions and is capable of dissipating substantially large amounts of heat and providing lower current densities than conventional thick film resistors.

Abstract: A coated layer type resistor device having a first resistor element and a second resistor element. The ratio between the resistances of the first and second resistor elements is selected to be greater than a predetermined ratio. The first resistor element is formed on an insulator substrate and consists of a resistor layer and end conductor electrodes at the ends of the resistor layer, while the second resistor element is formed on the substrate and consists of a resistor layer, end conductor electrodes, and a plurality of intermediate conductors. The distance between adjacent ones of the intermediate conductors and the distance between one of the end conductor electrodes and the adjacent intermediate conductor in the second resistor element is equal to the distance between the end conductor electrodes in the first resistor element, so that the temperature coefficient property of the resistance is equal in both the first and second resistor elements.

Abstract: The resistor assembly includes a plurality of resistor sections each in the form of resistive plates in which slots have been cut to provide a continuous resistive element of low inductance. The resistor sections are stacked together with thin insulating sheets separating adjacent resistor sections. The resistor sections are serially interconnected. Taps are provided on selected resistor sections to form a plurality of serially connected resistors in which each resistor is electrically isolated from an adjacent resistor but closely thermally coupled thereto. The resistive plates are bound together by discrete bands of an insulating material such as glass cloth tape. Epoxy impregnation allows the resistor assembly when connected in shunt with series connected superconductive coils to be immersed in the liquid helium of a magnet cryostat without causing excessive pressure rise during a quench event.

Abstract: A resistor sheet input tablet comprising two rectangular resistor sheets each provided at two opposite edges thereof with electrodes, the rectangular resistor sheets being superposed such that the electrodes on one of the resistor sheets lie perpendicularly to those on the other resistor sheets, wherein the resistor sheets have a two resistor layer construction comprising (a) a main resistor layer consisting of a thin metal film deposited thereon which in turn is bonded to (b) an electrically insulating layer and (c) a protective resistor layer formed on the surface of the main resistor layer.

Abstract: A novel construction for a thick film resistor is disclosed. A substrate has a first face deposited with a layer of resistive material. Between the substrate and this first layer is located a strip of conductive material. The strip of material is oriented at approximately right angles to the current path through the first layer, midway along the current path. A second layer of resistive material is located on a second face, parallel to the first face, and the first and second layers are connected electrically in series such that the current path through the second layer is orthogonal to the current path through the first layer.

Abstract: An array of electrically interconnected spaced electrical components on an apertured substrate wafer, each component being connected to terminal conductor pads on one surface of the substrate and to terminal conductor pads on the opposite surface of the substrate by thick film conductor strips which extend along the walls of the apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: The heater of the present invention includes a paper or plastic substrate on which is printed a semi-conductor pattern (typically a colloidal graphite ink) having (a) a pair of longitudinal stripes extending parallel to and spaced apart from each other and (b) a plurality of identical bars spaced apart from each other and extending between and electrically connected to the stripes. A metallic conductor (typically copper stripping) overlies each of the longitudinal stripes in face-to-face engagement therewith, and the conductors are held in tight engagement with the stripes by a sealing layer that overlies the metallic conductors and is sealed, at opposite sides of the semi-conductor stripe associated with the particular metallic conductor, to portions of the substrate that are free from the printed semi-conductor pattern.

Abstract: A thin film resistor having a controlled temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) ranging from negative to positive degrees kelvin and having relatively high resistivity. The resistor is a multilayer superlattice crystal containing a plurality of alternating, ultra-thin layers of two different metals. TCR is varied by controlling the thickness of the individual layers. The resistor can be readily prepared by methods compatible with thin film circuitry manufacturing techniques.

Abstract: An electronic circuit package in which a resistor network is readily installed and remains accessible for laser trimming after final assembly of the package. A substrate is provided having a circuit pattern on a surface thereof and terminating in electrical terminals for connection to external circuitry. The substrate includes an aperture about the periphery of which a plurality of contact pads are arranged and in connection with intended paths of the circuit pattern. A resistor network is formed on a surface of a smaller substrate, the resistors being connected to contact pads disposed about the periphery of the smaller substrate and configured to be in alignment with respective pads at the aperture of the larger substrate. The smaller substrate is placed on the larger substrate with the respective contact pads in alignment, and the engaged contact areas are bonded to mechanically retain the smaller substrate and to electrically interconnect the resistor network with the associated circuit pattern.