Abstract: The potentiometer includes a ground terminal 1, a power terminal 2, a resistive element 4 provided between the ground terminal 1 and the power terminal 2, a sliding portion 18 for sliding on the resistive element 4, an output terminal 3 for obtaining the output in response to the position of the sliding portion 18, a reference voltage terminal 5 provided on a reference position RP where a reference voltage Vref should be generated, and a power supply 6 for applying the reference voltage Vref to the reference voltage terminal 5. The reference voltage terminal 5 is provided on the reference position RP where the reference voltage Vref should be generated. The reference voltage Vref is sustained at the reference position RP, because the power supply 6 applies the reference voltage Vref from the reference voltage terminal 5 to the resistive element 4. The offset can be adjusted rapidly due to the regulated voltage at the reference position RP in spite of a productive variation of the resistive element 4.

Abstract: A bulk metal chip resistor includes an elongated resistor element having terminals at its opposite ends. The terminals are formed by coating the opposite ends of the resistor element with a conductive material. Insulative material may be molded around the center portion of the resistor to provide structural support, and the ends of the resistor can be bent downwardly so as to cause the central portion to be raised when the resistor is mounted on a circuit board. A modified form of the invention includes wrapping the resistance element around the ends of a rectangular substrate so that the substrate provides structural support. Another modified form includes placing four terminals at the four corners of the resistor element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chip-type network resistor characterized in that resistance layers are formed between a common electrode extending across an insulative substrate and each of a plurality of separate electrodes disposed in the opposite sides of the insulative substrate used to support the common electrode, and overcoat layers are provided to cover the resistance layers and positioned to expose the common electrode, whereby the plating process is applied to the common electrode and the separate electrodes.

Abstract: A heater comprises an insulating substrate which carries a pair of transversely conductor strips, a resistor line extending between the respective conductor strips. The respective conductor strips are connected to the resistor line by electrode teeth spaced longitudinally of the main resistor line and arranged in staggered relation on both sides of the resistor line.

Abstract: The effective parasitic end resistance of small-value precision integrated circuit resistors is reduced by providing N resistors connected in parallel and causing at least two of the resistors to share a terminal contact. The resulting integrated circuit resistor includes multiple terminal contacts of any number n greater than two. Of the n terminal contacts, N-1 terminal contacts are shared amongst said resistors. The parasitic end resistances are diminished by a factor equal to the number of resistors connected in parallel. By increasing the length of the active area of the N resistors by a factor equal to the number of the resistors, the desired resistance value remains undiminished. As a result, the parasitic end resistances may be made negligible compared to the desired resistance even for small value resistors.

Abstract: A positive temperature coefficient thermistor device comprises a pair of positive temperature coefficient thermistor elements, a common terminal plate having a heat conducting terminal member and a common terminal member and being sandwiched between the positive temperature coefficient thermistor elements, and a pair of terminal plates having spring terminal members for clamping the positive temperature coefficient thermistor elements. The common terminal member of the common terminal plate is formed to have a width between the heat conducting terminal member and an insertion hole in the mounting plate on which the positive temperature coefficient thermistor device is to be mounted that is no larger than necessary for its insertion in the insertion hole. A catch is provided on the heat conducting terminal member for engaging with a wall of the insulating case for preventing extraction of the common terminal plate from the insulating case.

Abstract: A trimmed resistor is provided which has no directional feature when used and is easily mounted on a printed base board. In the trimmed resistor, there are formed four external electrodes arranged at peripheral portions of a rectangular insulation base plate in a point symmetrical distribution about a center of the insulation base plate, a film-like resistance body connected with all of the external electrodes, and a protective film covering the film-like resistance body. Two electrodes among the above-mentioned four electrodes are used as resistor terminals, and a cut slit for trimming is formed in the resistance body longitudinally or as starting from a side of the electrodes serving as resistor terminals.

Abstract: A flat resistance for a blower control unit of an automobile air conditioner, and a blower control unit using the same. The flat resistance includes: a porcelain enameled metallic substrate including a flat head portion, having an edge and one surface, and parallel terminal supporting portions projecting outwardly from the edge of the head; a resistance circuit printed on the one surface of the head portion, the resistance circuit including a plurality of resistances electrically connected in series; a temperature fuse, interposed in the resistance circuit, for being tripped to break the resistance circuit when the porcelain enameled metallic substrate becomes overheated; and terminals, printed on both the head portion and the terminal supporting portions, each terminal being connected to one end of a corresponding one of the resistances.

Abstract: A 4-terminal resistor apparatus which includes a body of resistive material having opposed first and second ends and opposite first and second sides. The distance between the opposed ends is no greater than the distance minimum width of the body intermediate opposed ends. Preferably, the width is 3 or 4 times greater than the distance intermediate the opposed ends. The first and second ends have respective first and second metal contact surfaces disposed thereon. The first and second pairs of leads each include first and second leads, each pair of leads engages one of the metal contact surfaces. The apparatus also includes means for holding the leads in each of the pairs of leads apart even if one of the leads in a given pair should become detached from the body of resistive material. In many forms of the invention the body is disc shaped.

Abstract: A superconducting pickup coil is provided for interlinking with an unknown magnetic flux and causing an induction current to flow. A superconducting detector is provided magnetically coupled with the superconducting pickup coil for producing output voltage pulses in response to the unknown magnetic flux. A superconducting feedback circuit is provided connected to the superconducting detector for receiving the output voltage pulses therefrom and feeding back a feedback magnetic flux to the superconducting pickup coil in response to each output voltage pulse such that the feedback magnetic flux counteracts the unknown magnetic flux. A resistance fixture is provided in the vicinity of the superconducting pickup coil for causing a transition in a part of the superconducting pickup coil from a superconducting state to a normal conducting state in response to the drive current.

Abstract: Six curved hanging electrical heater panels made of tungsten or molybdenum are arranged to form a hollow cylinder, and are supported at their upper ends by electrical connectors. The hanging panels are electrically interconnected at adjacent lower corners by removable links. Six phase electrical current is applied to the hanging panels through the respective upper connectors, with phases of opposite polarities being applied to diametrically opposed panels. The net current flow through the removable links is zero, enabling the links to be designed to fail electrically and/or mechanically before the panels, thereby protecting the panels from electrical burnout and mechanical damage. Each removable link includes a unique arrangement of a link member, two pins, and a wedge which tightly interlocks the pins, link member and panel corners together.

Abstract: A superconductive magneto-resistive device includes superconductive ceramic films having a magneto-resistive effect. In the superconductive magneto-resistive device, the superconductive ceramic films are laminated one by one, and the adjacent superconductive ceramic films are insulated by each electrical insulation film, respectively, except for one portion of each of the adjacent superconductive ceramic films, resulting in that the superconductive ceramic films are connected in series. Furthermore, a pair of electrodes is arranged on the upper-most and lower-most superconductive ceramic films.

Abstract: A tunable electromagnetic filter includes a type II superconducting medium which exhibits a permanent ferromagnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field. A magnetic field passes through the medium in a first direction, while an input conductor wound around the medium in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction receives an input signal, and an output conductor is wound around the medium in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. At resonance of the medium, an alternating field magnetic component perpendicular to both the incoming signal and the magnetic field is created to induce a current of the resonant frequency in the output conductor.

Abstract: A superconductive switch for a superconductive magnet is bifilarly wound on a bobbin with niobium-tin tape and laminated with stainless steel foil for structural rigidity is provided. The switch is vacuum pressure epoxy impregnated and cooled by copper bus bars which are heat stationed to a cryocooler which is also used to conduction cool the superconductive magnet. The bus bars are also used to introduce a voltage across the switch and the magnet windings which are connected in series with one another to ramp up the current.

Abstract: Switchable superconducting rings and hemi-rings positioned on the poles of magnets or electromagnets, are used to electronically concentrate magnetic fluxes, or to diffuse such fluxes within the space that is between such poles.

Abstract: A superconductive magneto-resistive device is made up of superconductive materials having grain boundaries which act as weak couplings. The superconductive material will change from the superconductive state to the normal state when a magnetic field is applied to the material. The superconductive material can be used in various devices for measuring.

Abstract: Devices and technique using specially configured switchable superconducting elements to achieve temporal and spatial modulation of magnetic fields created in the hollow of solenoids are provided.

Abstract: A superconducting current limiting apparatus includes a first container, a superconducting current limiting element accommodated in the first container, a refrigerant filling the first container for cooling the superconducting current limiting element accommodated in the first container, a second container for accommodating the first container in such a manner that the first container is heat insulated, and a conductor for connecting the superconducting current limiting element to an external power supply system. Such a superconducting current limiting apparatus can be used to limit a short-circuit current. It can be incorporated in a short circuit controlling superconducting system.

Abstract: A first film disposed in a first direction on an integrated circuit chip and having uniformly spaced taps provides progressively increasing resistance values. A second film disposed on the chip in a direction opposite to the first direction at a position displaced in any direction from the first film may have a construction corresponding to that of the first film. First and second reference voltages may be respectively applied to the first and second ends of the first and second films. Particular taps on the first film may be connected to taps in corresponding positions on the second film with corresponding voltages. A plurality of differential comparators are provided, each with a signal input and a reference input. Each comparator reference input is connected to an individual one of the taps on the first film, but not necessarily to successive taps. The reference input connections to the taps may have a non-linear (e.g. a luminance) spacing in the first direction to provide a non-linear voltage (e.g.

Abstract: An insulating member which functions as a voltage divider in a high voltage system. The insulating member includes an insulating body having a head section and a base section. The insulating body is made of plastic containing conductive fillers to reduce the active resistance of the body. A metal fitting is embedded in the head section for connecting the head section with high voltage carrying components and for supporting such components. A further metal fitting is embedded in the base section for mechanically holding the insulating member at a grounded frame portion of a high voltage system. An electrode is disposed in the region of the further metal fitting and extends over a significant portion of the cross-sectional area of the insulating body. An electrical terminal is connected with the electrode and is insulated against grounded components of the high voltage system.

Abstract: A superconducting switch pack has six switch elements arranged with three in each of two planes. Each switch element is made of a length of cupro-nickel matrix multi-filamentary superconducting wire which is formed into a serpentine shape so as to be bifilar. Primary and back-up heater elements are positioned between the planes of switch elements, and all of the switch elements and heater elements are encapsulated in a solid resin body, with their leads extending outside of the body for connection to electrical circuits. This construction results in a stable superconducting switch pack which is non-inductive, has a high current carrying capability and off resistance. This reduces cryogen boil off of the superconductive circuits connected to the switch pack and makes the switch pack particularly suited for the shim coils of an MR magnet. Each section of the switch pack can also keep magnetic field drifts of the individual superconductive coils to less than 0.

Abstract: A high-speed superconducting switch and method. A body of superconductive material has a primary conductive plane through which primary current flows in an electrical circuit. Control current is conducted through the body of superconductive material in a direction which is angular with respect to the primary conductive plane. When control current flows through the body of superconductive material the primary current does not flow through the body, and when the flow of control current ceases, flow of the primary current resumes.

Abstract: A plurality of equally spaced terminals may be disposed at a side edge of a substantially uniformly resistive thin film. A reference potential (e.g. ground) may be applied to the second side of the film. An energizing voltage may be applied at the juncture between the first side edge and a particular one of the top and bottom edges of the film. In this way, the successive terminals receive voltages with a logarithmic relationship relative to the terminal positions. When a linear relationship of voltages is desired at successive terminals in a low range, no reference potential is applied to the second side edge of the thin film. Instead, the other one of the top and bottom edges may receive the reference voltage. Alternatively no reference voltage may be applied and terminals indicating the linear voltages may be disposed at such other edge.

Abstract: A CMOS circuit including a variable conductor means interposed between a power supply and the CMOS circuit. The CMOS circuit comprises a P channel MOS FET and an N channel MOS FET laterally formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, inherently producing a parasitic thyristor which can be latched-up with destructive consequences under certain circumstances. The variable conductor means, interposed between the power supply and CMOS circuit, preferably includes a superconductor arranged to sharply switch to a normal conductor mode when the current level exceeds a critical current level, established to be less than the latch-up holding current of the parasitic thyristor, thereby to prevent latch-up.

Abstract: A superconducting device is disclosed with the device having multiple layers of thin film configured to achieve highly sensitive measurements based upon temperature. The device is implemented, in simplest form, as a stripline having a ground plane layer of superconductor, a configured layer of superconductor, and a dielectric layer between the ground plane layer and the configured layer. The device is operated at a temperature just below the transition temperature of the superconducting materials utilized so that the inductance of the device depends substantially upon temperatures encountered, with highest sensitivity resulting when at least one of the superconducting layers has a thickness that is small relative to the magnetic penetration depth of the superconducting material utilized.

Abstract: In a superconducting switching device including a switching member comprising a superconducting wire, and a magnetic field generation section for controlling superconducting-normal conducting transition caused in the switching member, the switching member comprises an oxide superconductor having a high critical temperature and having a large electric resistivity value under the normal conductive state.

Abstract: An integrated resistor is constituted by a doped resistance body in a semiconductor substrate which is coated with a layer of insulating material having local apertures in which metal end contacts (2a, 3a) and tapping contacts (4a, 5a, 6a) are provided. The width of each tapping contact (4a, 5a, 6a) is smaller than the width of the doped zone and, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the resistance body, the tapping contacts (4a, 5a, 6a) do not overlap.

Abstract: A ceramic heater body is formed in a plate shape, and has electrode attaching portions at both ends of the heater body. A plurality of openings are formed in the electrode attaching portion, and a metallized layer is formed on the inner peripheral surface of each of the openings. Electrodes having a plurality of wires are connected to the electrode attaching portions, for supplying power to the heater body. The metal wires are inserted into the openings formed having the metallized layers on the inner peripheral surfaces, and are secured by brazing to the metallized layers. The diameter of the metal wire is set to 0.5 to 3 mm, and the metal wires are buried in the openings, at a depth of 1 to 5 mm.

Abstract: A discharge terminal is provided integral with a resistor network unit to provide a discharge path for high voltage static electricity so that the high voltage spike does not alter the present values of resistance within the newtwork unit.The discharge terminal is located near a lead terminal to define a discharge gap between the lead terminal and the discharge terminal such that a static spike will not reach resistive elements in the resistor network.

Abstract: An electrical film resistor. The film resistor includes a substrate, resistive film, and first and second terminals. The first terminal includes a first electrode. The second terminal includes second and third electrodes. The second electrode is close to the first electrode, and the third electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. Moreover, the second and third electrodes are electrically interconnected. A kerf may be cut in the resistive material to increase the resistance between the two terminals and eventually substantially electrically isolate the second electrode from the first terminal. Thereafter, kerfs may be cut in the resistive material between first and third electrodes to further increase the resistance between the two terminals.

Abstract: A potentiometer which provides the function of an on/off switch includes a center conductor connected to a conductive ring and a resistive element concentrically disposed about the conductive ring. The resistive element includes a pair of termination pads and one of the pads includes a branch which is situated outside the outer periphery of the resistive element. As a wiper arm traverses the resistive element it remains in contact with the branch for a brief distance and then loses contact with it. This causes the value of the resistance in the potentiometer to make an abrupt shift in magnitude which can be used to initiate various switching functions.

Abstract: Current sensing resistance apparatus in the form of a single piece, unitary, U-shaped conductor fabricated from thin flat ribbon material to provide two parallel leg portions terminating in opposite bifurcated ends each pair of which are dissimilarly sized thereby forming electrical circuit connecting elements.

Abstract: Superconducting films and devices are provided which exhibit an AC to DC conversion effect of an RF AC input signal. The films can be microscopically inhomogeneous with granular or columnar microstructures in layered or nonlayered structures, which provide the conversion effect with and without an applied magnetic field. The films also can be multilayer films which provide the conversion effect with a magnetic field applied to the films. The multilayer films are substantially compositionally homogeneous within the layers and the microscopically inhomogeneous films are substantially compositionally homogeneous throughout, but include structural inhomogeneities.

Abstract: An electrical film resistor. The film resistor includes a substrate, resistive film, and first and second terminals. The first terminal includes a first electrode. The second terminal includes second and third electrodes. The second electrode is close to the first electrode, and the third electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. Moreover, the second and third electrodes are electrically interconnected. A kerf may be cut in the resistive material to increase the resistance between the two terminals and eventually substantially electrically isolate the second electrode from the first terminal. Thereafter, kerfs may be cut in the resistive material between first and third electrodes to further increase the resistance between the two terminals.

Abstract: A small portion of a lead for a superconducting coil is made to function as a controllable resistor with a low resistance value and fast thermal response so as to be capable of rapidly being switched between the superconducting and resistive states. The device is thus capable of fine adjustment of the current flowing in a superconducting loop. The switch includes lengths of parallel conductor so that the resulting section of superconductive material is cryostable. The superconducting oil lead is disposed on a substrate so as to permit ready access for helium or other cryogenic coolant to most lead surfaces. The small mass and close contact with the coolant produce rapid turn-on and turn-off response characteristics. Furthermore, the low overall resistance causes the coil current to decay slowly, thus preventing precise control of the superconducting current.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: A high frequency stripline-type power divider/combiner comprising a patterned metal layer having an input and two output strips, a dielectric substrate, and a resistive material layer interposed between the metal layer and substrate. A portion of the resistive material layer defines a resistive bridge that extends between and resistively interconnects the output strips, thereby acting as a resistive load for the cancellation of reflected power output signals. The patterned metal layer and resistive bridge are concurrently defined by standard photolithographic and etching techniques, thereby allowing the simple and accurate fabrication of an integral power divider/combiner.

Abstract: Waveform generating apparatus for synthesizing a non-linear waveform by sampling voltage levels along a series string of resistances. The series string of resistances is a linear resistance fabricated in a monolithic integrated circuit structure and includes a series of contiguous resistance elements of approximately the same physical configuration and of approximately equal resistance value. Each resistance element has a projection or nub. Particular ones of the nubs serve as source regions for MOS switching transistors at the sampling point. The intervening nubs are unconnected. The symmetry of the structure compensates for errors otherwise introduced by the presence of source region nubs at sampling points spaced in a non-linear relationship.

Abstract: A potential dividing circuit comprising a plurality of independent electrode patterns spaced equally between two electrode patterns, and a resistance pattern having uniform width is provided between said two electrode patterns; wherein any one of said plurality of independent patterns is an electrode and another of the remaining independent electrode patterns is adapted to serve as dummy electrodes, whereby exact divided voltage can be obtained.

Abstract: An improved variable resistor for use in electrical and electronic equipment which includes a substrate having fixed side terminals integrally molded in it so that forward end portions of the fixed side terminals are exposed to the surface of the substrate, a resistant layer formed on the surface of the substrate so as to cover the exposed forward end portions of the fixed side terminals at opposite end portions of the resistant layer, a variable side terminal provided on the substrate, and a slider movably disposed on the substrate for sliding movement over the resistant layer so as to adjust resistance of the variable resistor and in which the fixed side terminals are applied with solder coating at their predetermined portions except for the exposed forward end portions.

Abstract: A mechanically stable electrical network has a metal carrier and an insulating layer which supports the electrical network on the metal carrier.

Abstract: A thick film printed circuit in which a plurality of electrode patterns are disposed with approximately equal spaced intervals between one another, resistance patterns having approximately equal widths are mounted between adjacent electrode patterns of said plurality of electrode patterns, and an identical shaped resistance pattern to said resistance pattern is provided so as to align in parallel with at least one of said resistance patterns, whereby exact divided potential can be obtained.

Abstract: A thick-film potentiometer having a support substrate, particularly a ceramic substrate, onto which there is applied at least one resistance track of resistance composition which is electronically contacted via conductor lines on the support substrate at its ends and under circumstances at contact points therebetween and having a wiper track which extends along the resistance track and over which a wiper is swingable. The wiper track is formed of a plurality of the conductor lines which are narrow compared with the length of the wiper track and are arranged, spaced apart from each other, substantially at right angles to the wiper track, and the resistance track is arranged on the support substrate exclusively outside of the wiper track beyond and adjacent to the conductor lines.

Abstract: Several planar configured, metallized resistor embodiments (25, 35, 45, 55, 65) are disclosed, as are several methods of manufacturing and resistance trimming the same, particularly to values of resistance lower than the "as fabricated" nominal value thereof. In accordance with one preferred resistor embodiment (25), a plurality of associated discrete conductive bonding pads (29) are formed on a common supporting substrate (27), with each pad being in conductive contact with a different spaced site along the body portion (25a) of the resistor between the terminating ends thereof. The bonding pads (29) are advantageously adapted to allow bonded wire connections to be made between different selected pairs thereof, after fabrication of the resistor, whenever necessary to incrementally reduce the initial nominal value of resistance of the resistor to a lower desired value.

Abstract: A furnace having a body in which electrically resistive material is positioned between two electrodes so that heat can be generated by passing a current through the material. The resistive material is a mixture of carbonized plant material and a non-organic material that acts as a insulator at low temperatures and acts as a conductor or semi-conductor at high temperatures.

Abstract: A high-precision signal attenuator for insertion into a coaxial line, or the like, includes a dielectric substrate upon which are provided, by vacuum deposition, painting, or the like, an input electrode, an output electrode, and two shunt electrodes. The input and output electrodes are positioned on the substrate for coupling to the center conductor of the line and the shunt electrodes are positioned along opposite edges of the substrate for coupling to the outer conductor of the line. The outer conductor is illustratively maintained at ground while the center conductor carries the signal to be attenuated. A distributed resistive film element is positioned on the substrate surface among the four electrodes. The distributed film element comprises a center portion, which is illustratively rectangular or square. Four resistive legs branch from the center portion to the input electrode, the output electrode, and the two shunt electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resistor of the type having a resistance which varies with temperature such as PTC and NTC resistors. The resistor is characterized by having three or more connector pads and several different arrangements for the connector pads.

Abstract: Thick film resistors, particularly useful as elements in a resistive voltage divider on a common substrate, are shown to consist of pluralities of substantially identical segments connected in series or in parallel to obtain desired resistance values, each successive pair of such segments being joined through a low resistance connection.

Abstract: A resistance ladder having a plurality of resistance branches in an integrated circuit chip, including a layer of resistive material defining a plurality of discrete linear segments and a plurality of connector tabs extending from each of the linear segments at predetermined intervals for defining each resistance branch: wherein the layer of resistive material further defines a number of curvilinear segments for connecting the linear segments to provide a continuous resistive material layer for defining said resistance ladder. Each curvilinear segment is approximately a segment of a circle. The resistive material layer also defines a plurality of connector tabs extending from each curvilinear segment; with the angular separation of the tabs being approximately defined by.theta.=(R/.rho.)ln(r.sub.2,/r.sub.1),wherein R is the resistance required for each leg of the resistance ladder;.rho. is the sheet resistance of the resistive material;r.sub.1 is the inner radius of said circle; andr.sub.