Abstract: A data bus for a fault tolerant avionics digital autonomous terminal access communications system is provided with a terminating resistor for absorbing or sufficiently attenuating signals incident on it so that they are not reflected back into the transmission line at amplitudes where they would cause distortion of the data signal. The data bus and terminating resistors are designed to continue providing full operational capability even if the electrical resistance of the terminating resistor increases by about 5%. The terminating resistor has at least about twenty resistive elements connected in parallel across two conductors in the data bus at one end thereof. Each resistive element includes a non-conductive substrate having a face surface on which is deposited a conductive film to produce a primary resistor.

Abstract: A thermistor includes a plate-like thermistor body and a first and a second electrode formed on each of the main surfaces of said plate-like thermistor body. The first electrode is formed so that its outer periphery reaches the outer peripheral edge of the thermistor and the second electrode is formed to extend from the area encircled by said first electrode onto the first electrode but not reach the outer periphery of the first electrode. The first and second electrodes are made of material which can make an ohmic-contact with the main surface of said thermistor body. The first electrode is made of the material which is hard to generate inter-electrode migration and said second electrode is made of the material which is easy to generate the inter-migration compared with the first electrode. Thus, the thermistor can prevent short-circuiting due to inter-electrode migration without deteriorating the characteristic such as a current capacity.

Abstract: A resistor circuit includes a pair of linear conductive films and a resistive film. The resistive film is formed on an area between the conductive films and electrically connected to the conductive films. A pair of terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. A current source is electrically connected between the terminals to deliver an electrical current thereto. A pair of voltage output terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. At least one of the voltage output terminals is disposed at a portion of the conductive films other than a portion at which the terminals are formed. An output voltage from the voltage output terminals is exactly proportional to a current flowing between them independent of changes in an ambient temperature. The circuit may be implemented in an integrated circuit environment using, e.g., multiple thin film resistors.

Abstract: A PTC thermistor including ceramic body having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity, a pair of electrode layers provided on both major surfaces of the ceramic body so as to be opposed to each other with the ceramic body interposed therebetween, a ceramic reinforcing plate provided on at least one of the major surfaces of the ceramic body, and an output electrode having a connecting portion for making electrical connection with the electrode layer on an inner major surface of the ceramic reinforcing plate and extending to an outer major surface of the reinforcing plate from the connecting portion.

Abstract: A positive characteristic thermistor, in which the outer periphery of a first electrode including a metal other than silver as its main component is positioned on the inside of the outer periphery of the main body of this thermistor, and is made to coincide with the outer periphery of a second electrode which includes silver as its main component and formed on the first electrode or to be placed on the inside of the periphery of the second electrode.

Abstract: In a heating apparatus including a plate-shaped positive temperature coefficient thermistor having a pair of electrode films, a pair of terminal plates of an elastic metal material are provided on the pair of electrode films of the thermistor, and there is further provided a spacer including a mounting through-hole which passes through the spacer in a thickness direction thereof. The spacer receives the thermistor in the mounting through-hole so as to position the thermistor therein between the pair of terminal plates. Each terminal plate comprises at least one extending portion extending in a longitudinal direction thereof from one portion of one end thereof, and the extending portion comprises a stopper piece which is folded toward the spacer, the stopper piece including a hook-shaped engaging stopper at an end of the stopper piece.

Abstract: A resistor device for blower motor contains a plurality of PTC element plates having both side surfaces and disposed side by side substantially in a same plane. Each PTC element has an electrode formed on each of said both side surfaces thereof. The device has a plurality of terminal plates sandwiching the PTC element plates from the both side surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A self-resetting overcurrent protection element uses an element body made up of a mixture of polymers and carbon black grafted with polymers. A resilient sheathing material covering the element body permits free expansion of the element body to permit the resistance of the overcurrent protection element to increase substantially in response to Joule's heating from high current. The sheathing materials preferably are made of elastic epoxy resins or silicone resins that allow significant expansion of the element body at the time of overcurrent protection, thus increasing the ratio of resistance in the element between an overcurrent state and a normal operating state.

Abstract: A PTC thermistor has its substrate entirely coated with an insulating glass material except for the area where a silver electrode is formed. Such a thermistor may be produced by coating a substrate with an insulating glass material, forming a silver layer on the coated substrate and fusing the silver layer with a part of the glass material so as to form an electrode adhering to the substrate. An underelectrode may be provided between the substrate and such an electrode. A resistor is formed by encasing such a PTC thermistor with a pair of spring terminals for supporting the thermistor therebetween.

Abstract: A resistance stack for terminating a data bus cable includes a stack of resistor chips, each having two conductively plated through holes. The resistance elements are kept in alignment and electrically connected to leads of the data bus cable by elongated members extending through the through holes. The elongated members may be discrete conductive rods, or soldered and pre-tinned leads of the cable. To facilitate assembly, solder preforms are provided between each of the resistor chips. The resistance stack is enclosed in a package which includes a cylindrical shell, a cable clamp, a cable strain relief member, and an end cap including a track for accommodating extensions of the elongated members beyond the last resistor in the stack, thereby aligning the elongated members. The package may be both electrically shielded and environmentally sealed.

Abstract: A nonlinear resistive surface mount device for protecting against electrical overvoltage transients is disclosed which includes a pair of conductive sheets and a foldback switching material disposed between the pair of conductive sheets. This configuration serves to connect the conductive sheets by a foldback switching mechanism thereby providing predetermined resistance when the voltage between the conductive sheets exceeds a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An organic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor includes an organic PTC thermistor sheet on which a roughened surface is formed by pressing a wire mesh against one main surface thereof at a predetermined pressure. This results in the main surface of the organic PTC thermistor sheet being roughtened. A pair of electrodes are then formed on the main surface of the organic PTC thermistor sheet.

Abstract: For the better handling of PTC components during the assembly of a corresponding heating arrangement, in the case of a holding part for PTC components with an insulating frame and at least one contact plate, a contact plate is firmly connected to the insulating frame (12).

Abstract: An improved PTC thermal protector device is disclosed wherein the PTC element is protected from excessive mechanical forces such as shear forces that would otherwise significantly degrade PTC performance. The PTC element is protected by one or more adhesive masses in contact with both terminals of the device. The improved PTC thermal protector device does not require the use of specially designed terminals or terminal attachments, yet is simple to assemble on a mass-production basis.

Abstract: A flexible electric heating pad has a plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) ceramic thermistor chip heating elements arranged in a two dimensional array between first and second flexible planar sheets of electrically conductive material, preferably woven of copper wire or other electrically conductive fibers. The PTC thermistor chips are disposed in spaced openings in a flexible dielectric separator disposed between the sheets and each chip has opposed planar surfaces soldered, welded or brazed to the sheets to establish electrical and thermal contact therewith. An outer flexible dielectric material covers the external surfaces of the sheets to prevent grounding or shock. A metallic enclosure, for example of stainless steel, can be formed over the outer dielectric material to add corrosion or abrasion resistance to the flexible heating pad.

Abstract: Diesel fuel is heated prior to filtration by passing it in thermal contact with a laminar heater immersed in the fuel. The heater has a resistance at room temperature of 0.30 to 0.75 ohm and comprises a PTC conductive polymer resistive heating element sandwiched between equispaced imperforate metal foil electrodes, particularly electrodeposited foil electrodes, coextensive with resistive heating element. The conductive polymer has a resistivity at room temperature of 20 to 2000 ohm - cm. The resistive element has a cross-sectional area in a plane parallel to the electrodes of 3 to 10 square inches and the electrodes have a microrough surface in direct physical contact with the conductive polymer.

Abstract: A heat generating curling implement includes a generally cylindrical body member about which hair may be wound and containing two heat radiating U-shaped plates with interlinking base portions with a positive temperature coefficient heating element sandwiched between the inside surfaces of the interlinked base portions. Each plate has two heat radiating legs. All legs extend substantially in the same direction. The legs of both plates partially co-extend. The interlinking base portions do not contact one another. An electrode pin is in electrical contact through a contact plate to one of the radiating U-shaped plates. The electrode pin does not extend through the PTC element and does not extend through the base portion of the radiating plate. An electrode ring surrounds the electrode pin and is electrically insulated therefrom and electrically connected to the other radiating U-shaped plates through a second contact plate.

Abstract: An electrical component, particularly a varistor, having high strength given stressing due to temperature change and due to surge currents is composed of a ceramic body whose end faces contain solderable metallic coatings as electrodes to which power supply elements are soldered, the latter being composed of a closed strip which leaves open and inwardly-disposed area and an outwardly-disposed area on the coating and which is dimensioned such that the condition Fa:FI=Ua:Ui=1.05 through 1.35 is met, where Fa is the surface of the coating located outside of the power supply element, Fi is the surface of the coating lying inside the power supply element, Ua is the outer circumference of the power supply element and Ui is the inner circumference of the power supply element. Each power supply element contains a lead clip which is spaced from the metallic surface by bends to such a degree that the clip is not soldered to the metallic coating.

Abstract: A fuel heater for vaporization of an alcohol fuel from a fuel line to an internal combustion engine for delivering vaporous fuel to a carburetor. The fuel heater includes a stack of generally planar foraminous PTC heaters that are arranged in a container having an insulated interior defining a fuel flow path having an inlet and an outlet and are separated from each other by generally flat ring-like conductive spacers with electrically conductive ears having conductor receiving holes therein. Alternate conductive spacers are disposed in two channels in a housing and connected to opposite sides of a power supply whereby said PTC heaters can raise the temperature of the incoming fuel and vaporize it. Alternative ears of the electrically conductive spacers are radially offset from each other whereby one row of ears is disposed in one channel and another row is disposed in the other channel.

Abstract: A thermal protector using a polymeric PTC element, with broad upper and lower surfaces, sandwiched between and held in intimate mechanical and electrical contact over substantially its entire broad surfaces with inner broad surfaces of upper and lower plate-terminals. Electrical insulation between the upper and lower plate-terminals outside the areas of contact of the plate-terminals and the PTC element electrically insulates the upper and lower plate-terminals from one another. The plate-terminals are clamped mechanically, preferably in such a way that the PTC element is biased continuously against the broad surfaces of the plate-terminals.

Abstract: Crankcase heater including heat-generating electrical resistance elements and the method of manufacturing such heaters. The resistance elements include at least one positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater element, platelet in form, adhesively bonded between a pair of metallic conductor-electrodes using an electrically conductive adhesive of high thermal conductivity. The electrodes formed for integral connection to electrically conductive lead wires serve as heat sinks dimensioned in length to provide a heater of predetermined wattage. The assembly of resistance elements, electrodes and lead wire connections are molded within the sheath of electrical insulation which is a silicone elastomer, having ceramic particles dispersed therein for enhanced thermal conductivity. The insulated heater is dimensioned in cross section so that when disposed within the well of a crankcase (compressor) its outer surface will leave a clearance which is less than thermal expansion of the silicone elastomer.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a mirror includes a pair of electrically conductive heating lining plates providing for heat distribution on a mirror, and electrical conductors connected to the plates for connecting the plates to a source of power. An insulating layer is disposed between the plates, the insulating layer having openings, and PTC resistor platelettes disposed in the openings and in electrical contact with the pair of plates. One of the plates has a larger area than the insulating layer such that an outer peripheral edge portion of the one plate is spaced outwardly of the outer peripheral edge of the insulating layer, the other of the pair of plates not being larger in area than the insulating layer. The larger of the plates is adapted to be adhered to the backside of a mirror glass for defogging and demisting the mirror.

Abstract: A planar resistance heating element with positive temperature coefficient characteristics includes a resistive body layer formed of a crystalline resin containing electrically conductive particles and disposed between at least a pair of electrodes on an insulating substrate. A phenolic resin layer or a denatured phenolic resin layer with an elastomer resin added is disposed on the resistive body layer in covering relation to the entire surface thereof. An insulating protective film of resin may be disposed on the covering layer with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and an adhesive layer may be disposed on an outer surface of the insulating protective film for attachment to an object to be heated.

Abstract: A coated layer type resistor device having a first resistor element and a second resistor element. The ratio between the resistances of the first and second resistor elements is selected to be greater than a predetermined ratio. The first resistor element is formed on an insulator substrate and consists of a resistor layer and end conductor electrodes at the ends of the resistor layer, while the second resistor element is formed on the substrate and consists of a resistor layer, end conductor electrodes, and a plurality of intermediate conductors. The distance between adjacent ones of the intermediate conductors and the distance between one of the end conductor electrodes and the adjacent intermediate conductor in the second resistor element is equal to the distance between the end conductor electrodes in the first resistor element, so that the temperature coefficient property of the resistance is equal in both the first and second resistor elements.

Abstract: An adaptor for supporting small thin film or fibrous samples of material between the electrodes of a resistivity cell is described which comprises a pair of stacked electrically insulating plates, each plate having a central electrode therethrough and presenting confronting conductive surfaces of known surface area for sandwiching the sample therebetween for resistivity measurement, and a guarding electrode on one confronting plate surface and surrounding the central electrode thereon for electrically contacting the guarding electrode of the resistivity cell; the plates may be hingedly joined along respective sides and include fittings to maintain the confronting electrode surfaces in concentric alignment with the sample therebetween.

Abstract: A sheet heater including a substrate, a semi-conductor pattern (typically of colloidal graphite) having a pair of parallel, spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending stripes and a central portion extending between and electrically connected to the stripes, and a pair of parallel, spaced-apart, longitudinally-extending conductors one of which overlies and engages each of the stripes. Each conductor is significantly wider than the underlying stripe of the semi-conductor pattern, and includes a longitudinally extending strip portions along the inner and outer edges of the conductor, and a plurality of longitudinally-spaced openings located therebetween. The strip portion at the inner edge of the conductor overlies and engages a respective stripe; and a sealing layer of insulating material overlies the respective conductor and is sealed to the substrate along the inner and outer edges of the conductor and through the longitudinally spaced openings.

Abstract: A chip resistor provided with a thin-film resistor has lateral electrodes formed at both sides of the substrate of the chip resistor. The lateral electrodes are formed by printing and firing conductive paste of a silver resin, not by thin-film technology. Electrode layers are formed on the lateral electrodes and on the thin-film electrode by plating. The chip resistor is thus constructed so as to be readily connectable to a motherboard by dip soldering or reflow soldering.

Abstract: An electrical heating device comprises a substrate, an elongated conductor extending longitudinally of the substrate, a semi-conductor pattern carried on the substrate and electrically connected to and extending from the conductor pair, and a sealing layer overlying the conductor and sealed to the substrate at opposite sides of the conductor. The conductor comprises a pair of rectangular in cross-section metallic conductor elements, placed one on top of the other in face-to-face engagement with and unattached to each other. The bottom conductor elements faces towards the substrate and the upper conductor elements faces towards and engaging the sealing layer.

Abstract: A resistor sheet input tablet comprising two rectangular resistor sheets each provided at two opposite edges thereof with electrodes, the rectangular resistor sheets being superposed such that the electrodes on one of the resistor sheets lie perpendicularly to those on the other resistor sheets, wherein the resistor sheets have a two resistor layer construction comprising (a) a main resistor layer consisting of a thin metal film deposited thereon which in turn is bonded to (b) an electrically insulating layer and (c) a protective resistor layer formed on the surface of the main resistor layer.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: An electrical resistor and method of making the same is disclosed wherein a ceramic substrate is coated with a relatively rough dielectric film which is subsequently coated with a thin metal film such as nichrome.

Abstract: A part for a slide variable resistor provided on an insulated support thereof with a film resistive layer adapted for a slide terminal to be slid along the surface thereof, which part is characterized in that said film resistive layer comprises a main resistive layer pattern bound to the insulated support and a protective resistive layer pattern coated on said main resistive layer pattern, wherein the protective resistive layer pattern has a larger sheet resistivity than said main resistive layer pattern.

Abstract: A method for forming a thermal printing head comprising a base of electrically insulating material, a glaze layer formed on said base so as to form an elongated projection thereon, said glaze layer comprising a main portion and a portion integral with and extending from said main portion, at least one thermal printing element formed on said main portion of said glaze layer, and an area formed in said extending portion of said glaze layer to relieve said glaze layer of surface tension when glaze is sintered and then cooled to form said glaze layer on said base.

Abstract: An array of electrically interconnected spaced electrical components on an apertured substrate wafer, each component being connected to terminal conductor pads on one surface of the substrate and to terminal conductor pads on the opposite surface of the substrate by thick film conductor strips which extend along the walls of the apertures is disclosed.

Abstract: A thin film bar resistor comprises: an insulative substrate, a pair of conductive thin film resistor terminals spaced apart on the substrate, an approximately square thin film resistance body disposed on the substrate between the terminals to be separated from them by guard margins, the body consisting of lower and upper layers of unanodized and anodized tantalum nitride, thin film regions of unanodized tantalum nitride in the guard margins to connect such body to the terminals, and thin film conductive leads connected to the terminals.

Abstract: A thermal printing head comprising a base of electrically insulating material, a glaze layer formed on said base so as to form an elongated projection thereon, said glaze layer comprising a main portion and a portion integral with and extending from said main portion, at least one thermal printing element formed on said main portion of said glaze layer, and an area formed in said extending portion of said glaze layer to relieve said glaze layer of surface tension when glaze is sintered and then cooled to form said glaze layer on said base.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: A thermal printing head comprising a base of electrically insulating material, a glaze layer formed on said base so as to form an elongated projection thereon, said glaze layer comprising a main portion and a portion integral with and extending from said main portion, at least one thermal printing element formed on said main portion of said glaze layer, and an area formed in said extending portion of said glaze layer to relieve said glaze layer of surface tension when glaze is sintered and then cooled to form said glaze layer on said base.

Abstract: An electrically heated hair curler or roller suitable for use in, for example, a hair setter contains therein a self-regulating heater comprised of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor material. The PTC is in the shape of a flat pill or disc. There are no holes in the PTC, thus enabling it to maintain its integrity under stress. There are two cup shaped heat sinks, the bottoms of which rest against the flat faces of the PTC in electrical and heat conducting contact therewith. The heat sinks are held firmly against the PTC element by electrically conductive rivets or other connectors through holes in the bottoms of the heat sinks and depressions in the circumference of the PTC. A male positive electrical contact pin extends down from the inside face of the bottom of the lower heat sink. A negative electrical contact ring is around the pin and separated therefrom by a plastic insulating sleeve.

Abstract: Electrical devices comprising a layer of a PTC conductive polymer and a sheet electrode in contact with each face of the PTC layer. The electrodes extend to the sides of the layer and the sides of the layer are concave, and this results in improved performance. Preferred devices are circuit control devices which protect a circuit from increases in current resulting from a fault.

Abstract: Solderable, largely based metal electrodes for metal oxide varistors are fabricated by screen printing an electrically conductive, air-fireable base metal composition on a varistor material substrate. A distributed fine noble metal array is screen printed over the screened base metal and the varistor heated in air at a temperature of between approximately 500.degree. C. and 800.degree. C. The varistor leads are easily solderable to the noble metal array.

Abstract: A self regulating heater for use in an early fuel evaporation (EFE) system for an automotive engine includes a thermally conductive thick metal radiator body having a heat receiving side an opposite side provided with a plurality of heat-disturbing fins for transferring heat to a fuel heating zone. A plurality of self-regulating ceramic electrical resistance having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC) each have a first side bonded by an electrically and thermally conductive adhesive to a first side of a thin thermally and electrically conductive metal plate. The plate has a limited portion thereof secured, for example, by a screw, in electrically conductive relation to the radiator body with the opposite side of the thin plate in closely spaced, facing, heat-transfer relation to the heat receiving side of the radiator body.

Abstract: A four layer thin film metallization system is comprised of layers of tantalum, chromium, copper and gold and is useful in high resolution, low loss microstrip circuits. The metallization system is compatible with lead-tin solder and, in addition, provides low insertion losses at X-band frequencies.

Abstract: A self-regulating heater for use in an early fuel evaporation system for an automotive engine includes a metallic radiator having a first heat-receiving side and an opposite side for transferring heat to a fuel evaporization zone. Self-regulating ceramic electrical resistance heater elements having a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity(PTC) are disposed with first sides in facing relation with respective recessed first portions of the heat-receiving side of the radiator. A thermally conducting metal heat-transfer member has recessed first portions disposed in facing relation to respective second sides of the heater elements to receive heat second sides of the heater elements to receive heat from the second sides of the heaters and also has second portions disposed in closely-spaced facing relation to corresponding second portions of the heat-receiving side of the radiator, thereby to transfer the heat received from the second heater sides to the radiator.

Abstract: A flexible barium titanate ceramic PTC heater for use in, for example, an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine to heat the air-fuel gas mixture is formed as a thin disc-shaped ceramic sheet constituted by a plurality of individual coplanar ceramic segments having interior edges positioned in spaced side-by-side relationship. The juxtaposed edges of the ceramic segments are united to each other by a flexible, heat-resistant, electrically non-conductive rubber band disposed in the space between the segments and bonded thereto by an electrically non-conductive adhesive to form the segments into a thin disc-shaped sheet which can be flexed without causing flexing of any of the individual segments. The ceramic heater is positioned in a metallic casing with one planar face thereof bonded to the inner surface of the casing by an electrically conductive adhesive. A stainless steel wool cushioning member engages the other planar face of the ceramic heater to support the heater in the metallic casing.

Abstract: An improved means of making an electrical connection to a laminar electrode which is in contact with a conductive polymer element. A mat of conductive filaments is placed between the electrode and an apertured conductive member to which the electrical connection is made, and the electrode, the mat and the conductive member are bonded together by means of a polymer or other bonding agent. The presence of the mat between the electrode and conductive member reduces the danger of fracturing the electrode when the conductive member is bonded thereto by heat and pressure. The invention is particularly useful when an ultrasonic welding machine is used to press the conductive member through a layer of polymer to make contact with an electrode underneath the layer.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuous manufacture of a laminate comprising a layer of a conductive polymer and at least one electrode. A tape electrode and a heat-softened conductive polymer are fed simultaneously through an elongate aperture of substantially closed cross-section formed by a plurality of rollers, whereby there is produced a laminate in which the conductive polymer layer has a controlled cross-section. Preferably the electrode has a plurality of openings therein and is fed through the aperture so that there is at least one point on the electrode, as it passes through the aperture, which coincides with an angle which is formed by two of said rollers and which is at most 90.degree.. Particularly good results are obtained when the roller which contacts the electrode has a plurality of indentations therein, so that conductive polymer not only penetrates into the openings in the electrode but also passes through those openings which overlie the indentations in the roller.

Abstract: A novel non-linear resistance element or varistor element is provided by the invention. The body of the element is a ceramic sintered body mainly composed of titanium dioxide admixed with small amounts of oxides of niobium, tantalum and/or antimony and electrodes are provided with a metallic material. Different from the conventional varistor elements, the electrode is bonded to the sintered body with ohmic contact by the techniques of flame spraying or electroless plating depending on the kind of the metallic material for the electrode selected from silver, aluminum, nickel and the like. Further improvement is proposed to increase the bonding strength of lead wires on to the electrodes by soldering as accomplished by providing a layer of a material having good solder-receptivity on the electrode which also serves for preventing the oxidation of the electrode material.

Abstract: Electrical devices comprise a conductive polymer element and, in electrical contact therewith, a flame-sprayed layer of a metal or other highly conductive material. Electrical leads can readily be attached to the flame-sprayed layer. Particularly valuable devices are those in which at least part of the conductive polymer element is a PTC or NTC conductive polymer. The flame-sprayed layer can be formed directly by flame-spraying a suitable material onto the device, or by flame-spraying the material onto a carrier and then laminating the layer, on the carrier, to the device.

Abstract: A method of attaching power leads to a mesh or similar electrode embedded in the surface of a conductive polymer element. A conductor, preferably also mesh, is bonded to the electrode using a conductive adhesive and a polymer layer is applied over the surface of at least the conductor, preferably also over the electrode. The polymer of the coating interpenetrates the openings of the mesh conductor and mesh electrode and bonds to the conductive polymer matrix. This mechanically holds the conductor, electrode, and conductive element in contact with each other.