Abstract: A dryer for a papermaking machine including a first heated dryer drum with a second heated dryer drum above the first drum and a turning roll positioned between the first and second drums with a carrying felt threaded over the drums and turning roll with a web being between the drum and felt on each of the drums and on the outer surface of the felt over the roll, with successive third and fourth drums after the first and second drums, with the fourth drum below the third and a turning roll positioned between the third and fourth drums with the web again being directly in contact with the third and fourth drums and on the outside of the felt on the turning roll.

Abstract: A paper machine multiple cylinder dryer includes a plurality of drying cylinders, in conjunction with which a drying fabric supports the web as it moves from one cylinder to another in closed conduction. A supporting fabric supports the web on some of the cylinders. The runs of the web supported by the drying fabric, the free surfaces of the drying cylinders and the runs of the supporting fabric confine elongated pockets in conjunction with the cylinders. In order to prevent web breaks occurring in the drying section of the fast-running paper machine, since such breaks are among the most important factors limiting the increasing of paper machine speeds, the multiple cylinder dryer provides a pressure greater than the ambient atmosphere pressure in the pockets in the direction of travel of the web, at least in the initial part of the dryer. This results in the considerable stabilization of the running of the web.

Abstract: A cylinder dryer usually includes a plurality of heated cylinders (4) about which a web-like material (1) is taken in a zig-zag mode and pressed against certain of the heated cylinder surfaces by means of an endless high-permeability wire (3), whereby cylinder pockets are formed between the cylinders (4), web (1) and wire (3), when the latter relinquishes contact with the web at a cylinder surface (6) to pass over a return roll (7) arranged between the cylinders, and once again makes contact with the web at the next following cylinder circumference (8). According to the invention these cylinder pockets are ventilated by a flow of drying air from a blowing box (9) being blown over the width of the wire against its surface facing away from the cylinder, in a direction forming an acute angle to and having a directing component substantially counter to the direction of travel of the wire. Blowing is carried out thereby within an area (6) where the wire relinquishes contact with the web.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the moisture content of a paper web during its movement through the drying section of a paper making machine.According to the present invention it is possible to control or equalize the moisture profile of a fiber web, e.g. the paper web in a paper making machine, during its movement through the drying section of a paper making machine, so that the finished paper web will be provided with a desired moisture level and if desired a moisture profile as uniform as possible, wherein the paper web in the drying section of the machine being moved to contact with a means, the parts of which contacting the part of a paper web, where moisture shall be increased or further moisture loss shall be prevented, being damped.

Abstract: A method of drying a veneer sheet is provided. The method comprises the steps of tenderizing, compressing, and drying a veneer sheet. The compressing and drying steps are performed at the same time. The tenderizing step is preferably performed before the above two steps but may be done thereafter or at the same time. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed. The apparatus comprises tenderizing means, deceleration transfer means, and heating means. The deceleration and the heating means are combined into one section. A plurality of rollers are used as deceleration transfer means.

Abstract: A roller arrangement for the dryer section of a multi-cylinder paper machine wherein two carrier belts are entrained, applied to each other to form a chimney through which air drafts pass. A seal roll is disposed between the runs of the belts to be driven by contact with one belt, while providing a slight gap between it and the other belt which moves in the same direction, so that a flow of air counter to the draft is created.

Abstract: A method of continuous drying of a paper or other porous web by passing the web (3) by means of a drying felt or wire (4) between two moving, air-impermeable surface elements (1, 8) having good heat conducting properties, which elements enclose the web along its whole width. The surface element (1) contacting the web is heated and the surface element (8) contacting the wire is cooled for evaporating water present in the web and condensing the evaporated water into the felt or wire. The temperature of the liquid used for cooling the surface element to be cooled is maintained above 100.degree. C. and the pressure at least at such a level as to prevent the liquid from boiling. Thus, the drying of the web can be carried out at an elevated temperature and under an elevated pressure in a continuous process at production conditions for improving the web characteristics.Preferably the cooling liquid is maintained at different temperatures and/or under different pressures at separate steps of the cooling process.

Abstract: An apparatus for ironing laundry which comprises a heated, rotatable cylinder for pre-drying laundry to be ironed which is situated in an enclosed area to conserve heat. Laundry is directed around this pre-drying cylinder by a complementary pair of guiding conveyor belts and is then transferred to at least one cylinder and corresponding mangle trough for ironing. Laundry is directed through the mangle troughs and cylinders by means of an additional guiding belt.

Abstract: A dryer section of a paper machine includes a frame having vertical frame members and upper side members spaced to receive endless or looped wires therebetween for supporting the web, with one of the upper side members having a removable block portion near each end thereof and a cantilever support attached to a second upper member. A plurality of drums for drying the web and rolls for supporting and directing the wires include a plurality of drum pairs, each pair rotatably supported by a pivotal support assembly detachably connected to the upper frame members and having a removable block portion along one side thereof between the drums of the pair mounted thereto. The pivotal support assemblies may be detached from the upper frame members and pivoted downwardly until the drum pairs are supported by a lower cantilever sub-structure disposed near the bottom of the drying section, whereupon after removal of all removable block portions, a clear path for replacement of the wires is provided.

Abstract: A method of drying a veneer sheet is provided. The method comprises the steps of tenderizing, compressing, and drying a veneer sheet. The compressing and drying steps are performed at the same time. The tenderizing step is preferably be performed before the above two steps but may be done thereafter or at the same time. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed. The apparatus comprises tenderizing means, deceleration transfer means, and heating means. The deceleration and the heating means are combined into one section. A plurality of rollers are used as deceleration transfer means.

Abstract: A means in the drying section of a paper machine. The drying section comprises two rows of drying cylinders or rolls, one above the other. The web travels between these cylinders and rolls, meandering from one row to the other, all the time supported by a drying fabric. Herein, the web lies directly against the cylinder or roll surface in one row of cylinders or rolls and similarly the drying fabric is adjacent to the roll surface, while the web is on the outside, in the other row of cylinders or rolls. The means comprises a suction box (13) or a plurality of suction boxes, disposed to operate against the drying fabric (12). Said suction box (13) or suction boxes (13',13") extend substantially over the entire length of the joint run of the web (W) and the drying fabric from one cylinder or roll to the other.

Abstract: The disclosure is of an improved high temperature resistant open mesh fabric and its use in a method for drying textiles.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a dryer felt and dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by an increased paper contacting surface in the center of the belt. The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected at the edges from direct contact with the hot dryer cans on the sheet side and in its entirety from typically abrasive carrying rolls on the back side. The improved drying efficiency in the center of the belt compensates for the prior art decreased drying efficiency at the center of the paper web being dried. This gives a uniform moisture content across the width of the drying paper web.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of dissipating the static charge that is built up by a dryer fabric opeating in the dryer section of a paper making machine, thereby preventing adhesion of the paper to the fabric when it is transferred from one fabric to another. More particularly the invention relates to the addition of an anti-static agent to the coating material which is applied to the dryer fabric. The invention also relates to a dryer fabric coated with a coating material which includes 0.2 to 10% by weight of an anti-static agent.

Abstract: An air-directing device for directing air to the multiple cylinder dryer of a paper machine includes members for blowing dry air into the vicinity of the web at those points where the evaporation of water from the web is strongest. This reduces the humidity in such regions and promotes the evaporation of water from the web. The points are the initial parts of the cylinder intervals after contact with the web. The air-directing device is so placed, and its air-blowing members are so disposed and directed, that the air blown out from such members is directed into the clefts defined by the surface of the drying cylinder and the paper web. This achieves a pressure effect in the clefts. The air-blowing members are primarily used in connection with single fabric conduction in pockets on the side of the web to urge the web fast to the fabric and are preferably disposed on a doctor beam or in conjunction therewith.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at modifying a resin-treated dryer fabric in such a way that its scaffolding effect is reduced or eliminated. Further, according to the teachings of the present invention, the resin used to coat the dryer fabric is itself made self-extinguishing, such that even if the fabric acts as a scaffold, the resin will not burn. Even further, a degree of flame retardancy is imparted to the base fabric in those cases where the base fabric itself is not self-extinguishing. A dryer fabric in which the woven fabric material is treated with an admixture of flame retardant material and resin, such that the flame retardant and resin are added to either the yarns of the fabric or the woven fabric at the same time. The admixture may take the form of a solution, a suspension, a colloidal suspension, a dispersion or an emulsion of flame retardant material and resin.

Abstract: A papermaking felt having interwoven warp and filling yarns on its face side and bulky rib forming yarns on its machine side, the rib forming yarns lying in spaced apart relation to define water conveying channels therebetween, there being a batt surface on the face side of the fabric needled through the warp and filling yarns and into the rib forming yarns, the rib forming yarns being heat fused following needling to render them essentially incompressible, the rib forming yarns being initially attached to the warp yarns by holding yarns which may be removed prior to the heat fusing or retained as a permanent part of the felt.

Abstract: A dryer fabric and method for drying a web W of paper material is disclosed which includes passing the web through a dryer having a plurality of heated cylinders and holding the web in contact against the heated cylinders by means of a dryer fabric 24 arranged as an endless traveling dryer fabric. The dryer fabric includes a plurality of elongated helix means 30 extending in a cross-wise direction constructed from a polymeric material characterized by stress and heat resistance to which said fabric is subjected during endless travel about the rollers at elevated drying temperatures. Joint means 32 joins adjacent ones of helix means successively together in a machine direction to form an endless belt of desired dimension. Spaced upper and lower generally parallel loop runs 34a and 34b in the helix means 30 define a smooth generally flat paper contacting surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus used in the uniform drying of a continuous web, such as a sheet of paper or paperboard. A newly formed web of paper of wet cellulosic fibers and the necessary additives is initially directed through a press section where excessive water is squeezed from the web to reduce its moisture content to about 50-80 percent, by weight, for subsequent passage through a dryer section wherein the moisture content is further reduced to anywhere between 3 and 15 percent, depending on the quality of the paper being processed. The moisture content profile of the nearly dry web of paper is constantly monitored adjacent the discharge end of the dryer section for dry streaks which occasionally occur in the web. Moisture is added accordingly to the web when the web is relatively wet and has a moisture content of at least 25 percent to eliminate further dry streaks and provides a paper product which has a uniform moisture content.

Abstract: Polyamide monofilaments containing molybdenum disulfides exhibit outstanding resistance to abrasive forces applied transversely to the longitudinal dimension of the monofilament, making the monofilaments particularly suitable for use in woven papermaking belts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a felt for dehydration of a fiber web, preferably an asbestos fiber web in a machine for manufacturing of asbestos cement pipes, which felt being in the form a two layered fabric, one of the layers constitutes the upper layer and is closest to the fiber web. It is desirable to improve known felts in order to reduce their susceptibility to be filled up and worn out.Such a technical problem is solved in accordance with the present invention by a combination of twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers and monofilament threads, said twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers in at least the upper layer being roughened.

Abstract: An improved paper drying process and machine are described in which the paper web is supported independently of velocity-induced stresses thus permitting operation at speeds significantly in excess of the prior art for each paper grade. The process requires: (1) transporting the web on a supporting fabric that travels from the last press nip through at least the initial portion of a drying section; and (2) holding the web onto its supporting fabric by employing forces normal to the major web surfaces sufficient to overcome those forces which tend to lift the web from its supporting fabric. The web on its supporting fabric travels a serpentine path through the drying section about drying cylinders with the web alternating between direct contact with a drying cylinder followed by indirect contact with the subsequent cylinder.

Abstract: An improved vacuum box is described for holding a paper web onto a supporting fabric wherever velocity stresses would otherwise separate the web from its supporting fabric and expose the web to those stresses. Specially shaped vacuum boxes are fitted into the dryer "pockets" formed between the rows of a double row of adjacent drying cylinders and the web traveling a serpentine path between them. Pressure differential zones of the box hold the web onto its supporting fabric as the web and fabric travel between heated drying cylinders. A first zone leads the departure of the web and fabric from the web-wrapped cylinder to ensure that the web is positively held to the fabric as it leaves the cylinder. A second arcuate suction zone adjacent a fabric-wrapped cylinder evacuates grooves in the adjacent cylinder.

Abstract: Objects constituted by a porous web-like material, such as a paper web, a granular material, such as peat, or a solid material such as wood, are dried by placing the same in contiguity with a fine porous liquid suction surface which itself is in liquid communication with a liquid volume with the latter being in communication with apparatus by which the liquid in the liquid volume is maintained at an underpressure relative to the pressure of the liquid in the object to be dried so that liquid flows from the object into the fine porous suction surface. The liquid flow can be enhanced through the application of an over pressure or through the direction of radiation onto the object to be dried. In one embodiment, the fine porous liquid suction surface comprises the surface of a rotatably mounted cylinder whereby a web-like object, such as a paper web, can be dried as the same is carried on the cylinder surface.

Abstract: A dryer fabric impregnated with metallic particles so as to increase the thermal conductivity of the fabric and also reduce its emissivity. The dryer fabric is a woven fabric having a plurality of interstices between its warp and weft yarns. By coating the fabric with a synthetic resin mixture containing metallic particles, such as aluminum particles, the interstices are substantially filled with metallic particles thereby improving the thermal properties of the fabric.

Abstract: A paper machine drying section and method for operating the same are provided for reliably maintaining a web in engagement with a drying fabric at locations where the fabric is situated between the web and drying cylinders. Those drying cylinders which are directly contacted by the drying fabric, so that the web is separated therefrom by the drying fabric, are formed with recessed outer surfaces having voids across which the fabric extends. The pressure in these voids is maintained at a magnitude less than the pressure at the outer surface of the web where it travels around those cylinders from which it is separated by the fabric, so that in this way the web is urged by the pressure differential toward the fabric so as to be incapable of becoming detached therefrom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a paper making machine for transferring a web from a pick-up fabric to a flow-through drying wire for transport of the wire supported web to a flow-through dryer cylinder including passing a section of the flow-through drying wire over the web supported by the pick-up fabric thereby defining a sandwich structure of the drying wire, the web and the pick-up fabric. A first vacuum is applied by a first vacuum member on the sandwich structure from the flow-through drying wire side over a narrow first detaching zone. The direction of the pick-up fabric with respect to the flow-through drying wire is deviated and a second vacuum is applied by a second vacuum member over a second detaching zone subsequent to the first detaching zone in the direction of web travel from the drying wire side thereof thereby securing the web on the flow-through drying wire. The pick-up fabric may thus comprise either a felt or wire structure.

Abstract: A paper machine drying section has a pair of staggered rows of rotary dryer cylinders which include a first group of cylinders of both rows which form an initial part of the drying section where a web is initially received from a press section. A first endless fabric which forms a closed loop is guided around the above group of cylinders in a manner situating the cylinders of one of the rows within the loop to form inside cylinders therefrom and the cylinders of the other of the rows outside of the loop to form outside cylinders therefrom, this first endless fabric transporting a web which is to be dried around the cylinders of the above group while situating the web between the first endless fabric and the outside cylinders and the first endless fabric itself between the inside cylinders and the web.

Abstract: A process for treating papermaking fabrics, in particular dryer fabrics, includes coating the back surface of the fabric with a thickened resin mixture. To reduce the air permeability of a woven dryer fabric, the fabric is impregnated with a thickened resin mixture to thereby close up a portion of the spaces between the woven yarns. By applying a thickened resin mixture having a viscosity of between 1,000 and 5,000 centipoise to the back surface of the dryer fabric, the fabric is impregnated in a single pass with a sufficient quantity of the mixture to thereby reduce the air permeability to the desirable level.

Abstract: Apparatus for printing upon webs of textile material by sublimation of the dye of a web of printing foil covering the web of textile material. The apparatus includes a rotatable cylinder having looped therearound the web of textile material, the web of printing foil, and a pressing-on or transporting belt. The apparatus furthermore includes a vacuum chamber adapted to be connected to a source of vacuum, and also includes a heating device. The vacuum chamber is defined by a vacuum cap which sealingly engages sections of the cylinder and the pressing-on or transporting belt.

Abstract: A multicylinder dryer, particularly for the drying of a web, includes cylinders located alternately in two rows one above the other, guiding rolls situated between adjacent cylinders in both rows and drying fabrics wrapping the web on said cylinders, the cylinder which is the first in the direction of travel being a lead-on cylinder, the other cylinders being heated drying cylinders of equal diameters.

Abstract: A web pickup and drying apparatus in a papermaking machine for producing a high bulk paper tissue web while carrying the web throughout its travel from pickup off the forming wire through the drying stages on the surface of a fabric, felt or dryer roll. After pickup, the web is first subjected to a thru-air (transpiration) dryer from which it is applied to the surface of a large diameter dryer roll. There is no conventional press section to reduce bulk before the web is dry.

Abstract: A paper-making machine has a plurality of drying cylinders for removing moisture from a wet web. The drying cylinders are arranged so that some of them are located in an upper plane and are hollow and have their interior connected to a source of suction, and others are located in a lower plane and are heated to form contact heaters. An endless traveling carrier band is trained about these cylinders in such a manner that its one surface which carries the wet web faces away from the hollow cylinders as it travels about them and faces towards the heated cylinders as it travels about the latter.

Abstract: A double felted dryer arrangement wherein a web to be dried is held between the felts and guided onto the surface of a foraminous dryer roll whereupon the outermost felt is guided away from the dryer and directed over a hot air blower mounted over the now exposed web carried on the innermost felt on the dryer shell surface. The hot air blowing on the web is complimented by an opposed vacuum chamber within the roll shell to promote improved through air drying web and web stabilization.