Abstract: In the drying section of a paper machine, apparatus for preventing conditions tending to deteriorate the contact between a web and a supporting fabric which carries the web from a drying cylinder in one line to a drying cylinder in another line and, in particular, for preventing a positive pressure from being generated in the narrowing gaps defined by the surfaces of the drying cylinders and the web supporting fabric as it approaches and/or moves away from the drying cylinder. The apparatus includes a blow box extending transversely substantially over the width of the web, the blow box including at least two transversely extending gas discharge slots between which a substantially planar carrying surface is provided in opposed, parallel relationship to the web carrying fabric and spaced a distance therefrom which is at least twice, and preferably ten to thirty times, as large as the width of a gas discharge slot.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement in cylinder drying, intended for incorporation in a paper machine and including a plurality of heated cylinders (1) arranged substantially parallel in two rows, about which the paper web (2) is taken serpentine during drying, whereat it is carried by an endless porous fourdrinier wire (3) which presses the web against the cylinder surfaces in one row of cylinders and lies between the paper web and the cylinders in the other row. For preventing the web from lifting from the wire as a result of pressure differences on either side thereof, there are blowing boxes (11,12) arranged for blowing out air in at least some of the pockets (4,5) situated on opposite sides of the web, each of said pockets being formed by the web and three cylinders lying consecutively in the travelling direction of the web.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder drying section and method in a paper machine wherein the paper web to be dried is guided into contact with the surfaces of heated drying cylinders wherein the drying fabric is cooled as it travels from one drying cylinder to the next. According to one embodiment, preferably used in the first group or groups of drying cylinders, a single-fabric draw is used wherein the web is supported on the drying fabric as it runs from the cylinders of one line to the cylinders of the other line so that the web is in direct contact with the surfaces of the drying cylinders in one line while the drying fabric is in direct contact with the surfaces of the cylinders in the other line. The drying fabric is cooled as it runs between the cylinders on which the web is in direct contact with the heated surfaces by causing the drying fabric to come into direct contact with a cooling roll or cylinder surface whose contact area is relatively large.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inhibiting or preventing fluttering in a running paper web in a drying section of a paper machine, such as in the area of a twin-wire draw. Air jets are blown into pockets defined by a wire guide roll and wire itself, such air jets issuing from suitably designed and positioned blow boxes to be directed at the side of the wire supporting the web either in a direction towards or opposite from the running direction of the wire, and also at the side of the wire guide roll not supporting the wire, in a direction of the tangent of the guide roll. An air jet may also be blown into the pocket defined by the wire guide roll and the wire itself, at the side of the wire running free, not supporting any web, such air jet being directed substantially perpendicular to the wire. Fluttering of the paper web and drawbacks resulting from the same, such as wrinkles and breaks in the web, are inhibited or prevented.

Abstract: A non-woven helical dryer belt is illustrated having a desired permeability profile which includes lateral zones 42 and 44 of reduced permeability and a medial zone 46 of increased permeability. The helical drive belt is made by joining a number of helix strips (20) together lengthwise and having the helix strips extend crosswise the fabric. A base monofilament element (40) extends across the entire width of the drive belt to impart a base permeability characteristic to the fabric. At opposing lateral edges of the fabric, an edge filler strip is inserted which reduces the permeability of the fabric in the lateral zones (42, 44). The height of the base and edge monofilament elements is made such that they do not overlap one another and are maintained in their side by side arrangement in the lateral zones of reduced permeability.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing water or other liquids from webs of such porous materials as fibrous paper webs coursing through a papermaking machine without substantially compacting the webs. The web which may be coherent or perforate passes over a sector of a cylinder having preferential-capillary-size pores through its cylindrical-shape porous cover. Preferably, the porous cover comprises hydrophilic material which is substantially non-resilient and which renders the surfaces of the porous cover wettable by the liquid of interest. A portion of the interior of the cylinder may be subjected to a controlled level of vacuum to effect pneumatically augmented capillary flow of liquid from the web; and another portion of the cylinder may be subjected to pneumatic pressure for expelling the transferred liquid outwardly through a portion of the porous cover which is not in contact with the web.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing device in a cylinder drier, intended for incorporation in a paper machine and including a plurality of cylinders arranged in two substantially parallel rows (1a,1b), the paper web (2) being trained serpentine about said cylinder during drying, said web being carried by an endless porous Fourdrinier drier (3) adapted for pressing the web against the cylinder surfaces in one row of cylinders and situated between the paper web and the cylinder surfaces in the other row. Two shielding members (7,15) being disposed in the space restricted by the wire and an intermediate cylinder surface on that cylinder which the wire and the web come onto and leave. Said shielding members facing the wire and extending substantially in parallel with and close to the wire and over the entire width of the web.

Abstract: A web dryer structure for thermal removal of liquid from a traveling web such as a web of paper coming from the press section of a papermaking machine including a row of upper dryer drums and a row of lower dryer drums with the drums positioned to carry the web in a sinuous path successively between upper and lower drums and the web wrapping the upper and lower surfaces of the drums respectively with upper and lower looped felts wrapping the web on the upper and lower surfaces of the drums with the felt guided by felt rolls which for the upper felt is beneath lower drums and for the lower felts are between the upper drums with the felt rolls being hollow roll shells and having glands therein divided so that a first portion of the felt roll faces the onrunning web and a second portion faces the offrunning web with the vacuum means and pressure means connected to the interior of the felt rolls so that one portion is subjected to a vacuum, and the other portion is subjected to a pressure, and the arrangement acc

Abstract: An air guide box for the dryer section of a paper making machine is arranged as generally between two succeeding drying cylinders and along a continuous support band or belt which supports the associated paper web to be dried; the air guide box has an end of generally wedge-like configuration which extends at least some distance into the gore-like space as exists in the region where the support band or belt runs onto the next drying cylinder; a first gap exists generally between a first wall of the guide box and the running support band or belt while a second gap exists as between a second wall of the guide box and the juxtaposed surface of such next drying cylinder.

Abstract: An assembly for heat treatment of a papermaking wire or felt comprises mutually opposing heating surfaces that are alternately offset in the direction of web travel and can be moved toward the felt/wire, thereby enabling one to obtain an ironing effect on both sides of the web simultaneously. The heating surfaces may constitute parts of respective box members whose interiors are formed for being heated by a heat medium, for example, hot oil.

Abstract: A paper making machine dryer section and a method of operating and controlling the same, wherein the dryer rolls are freely rotatable and are rotatably actuated entirely by a dryer felt drive. In a preferred arrangement, there are two tiers of cooperatively related dryer rolls over which a paper web to be dried is run in a sinuous path successively around the dryer rolls of the tiers. Each of the tiers has a respective dryer felt running over and guiding and holding the web onto the dryer roll peripheral surfaces in the associated tier. The dryer felts run under tension over guide rollers. In each tier at least one of the guide rollers is motor driven for thereby driving the associated dryer felt. While the felt of each tier effects synchronized running of all of the dryer rolls in that tier, synchronization of the motors of the tiers one with the other is effected by speed regulators connected with a frequency reference and speed control.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a dryer felt and dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by an increased paper contacting surface in the center of the belt. The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected at the edges from direct contact with the hot dryer cans on the sheet side and in its entirety from typically abrasive carrying rolls on the back side. The improved drying efficiency in the center of the belt compensates for the prior art decreased drying efficiency at the center of the paper web being dried. This gives a uniform moisture content across the width of the drying paper web.

Abstract: A pocket ventilation roll baffle assembly adapted for use in drying a paper web is disclosed. The pocket ventilation roll includes a stationary tubular inner core roll, a tubular outer shell roll mounted for rotation in concentrically spaced relation about the inner core roll, and a device for supplying drying air within the inner core roll. The drying air flows longitudinally through the inner core roll and radially outwardly through an arcuate portion of longitudinally arranged perforations contained in the inner core roll and circumferential perforations contained in the outer shell roll. The pocket ventilation roll baffle assembly includes a baffle arrangement for adjusting the profile of the drying air flowing radially outwardly from the pocket ventilation roll.

Abstract: A fluid permeable fabric is disclosed having particular advantages as a dryer fabric for papermaking is disclosed. The fabric includes a number of helix A extending cross-wise in the fabric and joined together along the length dimension by pintles 38. Crevice spaces 40 formed by intermeshing bend portions extending into the loop openings C are closed by a contoured filler strip B. The contoured filler strip occupies the loop openings and includes contoured edges 56 which penetrate and occupy a substantial portion of the crevice spaces. A fabric having a low permeability is thus provided. An enlarged heat radiating surface 52 facing the paper side 39 of the fabric increases the heat transfer occurring in the paper web W to expedite drying. Crevice space 40 and tapered edges 56 of the filler element provide a guiding function which facilitates filler insertion in the loop openings.

Abstract: A method of drying a veneer sheet is provided. The method comprises the steps of tenderizing, compressing, and drying a veneer sheet. The compressing and drying steps are performed at the same time. The tenderizing step is preferably be performed before the above two steps but may be done thereafter or at the same time. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed. The apparatus comprises tenderizing means, deceleration transfer means, and heating means. The deceleration and the heating means are combined into one section. A plurality of rollers are used as deceleration transfer means.

Abstract: A web dryer structure for thermal removal of moisture from a traveling web such as a web of paper coming from the press section of a papermaking machine including a row of upper dryer drums and a row of lower dryer drums with the drums positioned to carry the web in a sinuous path successively between upper and lower drums and the web wrapping the upper and lower surfaces of the drums respectively with upper and lower looped felts wrapping the web on the upper and lower surfaces of the drums with the felt guided by guide rolls which for the upper felt are beneath upper drums and for the lower felts are above lower drums with the guide rolls being hollow roll shells and having glands therein divided so that a first portion of the guide roll faces the onrunning web and a second portion faces the offrunning web with vacuum means and pressure means connected to the interior of the guide rolls so that one portion is subjected to a vacuum, and the other portion is subjected to a pressure, and the arrangement accomm

Abstract: A paper machine multiple cylinder dryer includes a plurality of drying cylinders, in conjunction with which a drying fabric supports the web as it moves from one cylinder to another in closed conduction. A supporting fabric supports the web on some of the cylinders. The runs of the web supported by the drying fabric, the free surfaces of the drying cylinders and the runs of the supporting fabric confine elongated pockets in conjunction with the cylinders. In order to prevent web breaks occurring in the drying section of the fast-running paper machine, since such breaks are among the most important factors limiting the increasing of paper machine speeds, the multiple cylinder dryer provides a pressure greater than the ambient atmosphere pressure in the pockets in the direction of travel of the web, at least in the initial part of the dryer. This results in the considerable stabilization of the running of the web.

Abstract: A cylinder dryer usually includes a plurality of heated cylinders (4) about which a web-like material (1) is taken in a zig-zag mode and pressed against certain of the heated cylinder surfaces by means of an endless high-permeability wire (3), whereby cylinder pockets are formed between the cylinders (4), web (1) and wire (3), when the latter relinquishes contact with the web at a cylinder surface (6) to pass over a return roll (7) arranged between the cylinders, and once again makes contact with the web at the next following cylinder circumference (8). According to the invention these cylinder pockets are ventilated by a flow of drying air from a blowing box (9) being blown over the width of the wire against its surface facing away from the cylinder, in a direction forming an acute angle to and having a directing component substantially counter to the direction of travel of the wire. Blowing is carried out thereby within an area (6) where the wire relinquishes contact with the web.

Abstract: A roller arrangement for the dryer section of a multi-cylinder paper machine wherein two carrier belts are entrained, applied to each other to form a chimney through which air drafts pass. A seal roll is disposed between the runs of the belts to be driven by contact with one belt, while providing a slight gap between it and the other belt which moves in the same direction, so that a flow of air counter to the draft is created.

Abstract: A means in the drying section of a paper machine. The drying section comprises two rows of drying cylinders or rolls, one above the other. The web travels between these cylinders and rolls, meandering from one row to the other, all the time supported by a drying fabric. Herein, the web lies directly against the cylinder or roll surface in one row of cylinders or rolls and similarly the drying fabric is adjacent to the roll surface, while the web is on the outside, in the other row of cylinders or rolls. The means comprises a suction box (13) or a plurality of suction boxes, disposed to operate against the drying fabric (12). Said suction box (13) or suction boxes (13',13") extend substantially over the entire length of the joint run of the web (W) and the drying fabric from one cylinder or roll to the other.

Abstract: The disclosure is of an improved high temperature resistant open mesh fabric and its use in a method for drying textiles.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a dryer felt and dryer felt fabric for use in a paper making machine. The fabric is characterized in part by an increased paper contacting surface in the center of the belt. The fabric has an enhanced operating life as a dryer felt since the machine direction yarns are protected at the edges from direct contact with the hot dryer cans on the sheet side and in its entirety from typically abrasive carrying rolls on the back side. The improved drying efficiency in the center of the belt compensates for the prior art decreased drying efficiency at the center of the paper web being dried. This gives a uniform moisture content across the width of the drying paper web.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of dissipating the static charge that is built up by a dryer fabric opeating in the dryer section of a paper making machine, thereby preventing adhesion of the paper to the fabric when it is transferred from one fabric to another. More particularly the invention relates to the addition of an anti-static agent to the coating material which is applied to the dryer fabric. The invention also relates to a dryer fabric coated with a coating material which includes 0.2 to 10% by weight of an anti-static agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at modifying a resin-treated dryer fabric in such a way that its scaffolding effect is reduced or eliminated. Further, according to the teachings of the present invention, the resin used to coat the dryer fabric is itself made self-extinguishing, such that even if the fabric acts as a scaffold, the resin will not burn. Even further, a degree of flame retardancy is imparted to the base fabric in those cases where the base fabric itself is not self-extinguishing. A dryer fabric in which the woven fabric material is treated with an admixture of flame retardant material and resin, such that the flame retardant and resin are added to either the yarns of the fabric or the woven fabric at the same time. The admixture may take the form of a solution, a suspension, a colloidal suspension, a dispersion or an emulsion of flame retardant material and resin.

Abstract: A dryer fabric and method for drying a web W of paper material is disclosed which includes passing the web through a dryer having a plurality of heated cylinders and holding the web in contact against the heated cylinders by means of a dryer fabric 24 arranged as an endless traveling dryer fabric. The dryer fabric includes a plurality of elongated helix means 30 extending in a cross-wise direction constructed from a polymeric material characterized by stress and heat resistance to which said fabric is subjected during endless travel about the rollers at elevated drying temperatures. Joint means 32 joins adjacent ones of helix means successively together in a machine direction to form an endless belt of desired dimension. Spaced upper and lower generally parallel loop runs 34a and 34b in the helix means 30 define a smooth generally flat paper contacting surface.

Abstract: Polyamide monofilaments containing molybdenum disulfides exhibit outstanding resistance to abrasive forces applied transversely to the longitudinal dimension of the monofilament, making the monofilaments particularly suitable for use in woven papermaking belts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a felt for dehydration of a fiber web, preferably an asbestos fiber web in a machine for manufacturing of asbestos cement pipes, which felt being in the form a two layered fabric, one of the layers constitutes the upper layer and is closest to the fiber web. It is desirable to improve known felts in order to reduce their susceptibility to be filled up and worn out.Such a technical problem is solved in accordance with the present invention by a combination of twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers and monofilament threads, said twisted yarn threads of spun staple fibers in at least the upper layer being roughened.

Abstract: Objects constituted by a porous web-like material, such as a paper web, a granular material, such as peat, or a solid material such as wood, are dried by placing the same in contiguity with a fine porous liquid suction surface which itself is in liquid communication with a liquid volume with the latter being in communication with apparatus by which the liquid in the liquid volume is maintained at an underpressure relative to the pressure of the liquid in the object to be dried so that liquid flows from the object into the fine porous suction surface. The liquid flow can be enhanced through the application of an over pressure or through the direction of radiation onto the object to be dried. In one embodiment, the fine porous liquid suction surface comprises the surface of a rotatably mounted cylinder whereby a web-like object, such as a paper web, can be dried as the same is carried on the cylinder surface.

Abstract: An improved dryer fabric, woven entirely from monofilament plastic polymeric warp and weft strands, having a lower permeability to air flow and lower modulus of elasticity than normal fabrics, wherein at least the warp strands are flattened in cross-section, with the long axis of the flattened section extending parallel to the plane of the fabric and wherein the weft strands may be shaped so as to more or less conform to the horizontally directed passages of the mesh naturally formed by the woven warp strands and may also be relatively more malleable than the warp strands so that under stress they can adapt to conform to the shape of mesh interstices thereby to restrict these and still further reduce the permeability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for drying under vacuum flat articles of porous material which apparatus comprises a support surface for supporting at least one article to be dried, a heating means disposed on the side of the support surface opposite to the side supporting the flat articles, at least one cover means serving to enclose at least one article to be dried, which is spread on the corresponding portion of the support surface, in a hermetically-sealed space, and means enabling the connection of the hermetically-sealed space to a vacuum creating device. The cover means employed comprises a flexible but non-extensible, fluid tight diaphragm which is provided on the side facing the support surface with a cushion layer of porous material and on its periphery with a fluid-tight seal for coaction with the support surface to provide the hermetically-sealed space.

Abstract: A dryer fabric impregnated with metallic particles so as to increase the thermal conductivity of the fabric and also reduce its emissivity. The dryer fabric is a woven fabric having a plurality of interstices between its warp and weft yarns. By coating the fabric with a synthetic resin mixture containing metallic particles, such as aluminum particles, the interstices are substantially filled with metallic particles thereby improving the thermal properties of the fabric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a paper making machine for transferring a web from a pick-up fabric to a flow-through drying wire for transport of the wire supported web to a flow-through dryer cylinder including passing a section of the flow-through drying wire over the web supported by the pick-up fabric thereby defining a sandwich structure of the drying wire, the web and the pick-up fabric. A first vacuum is applied by a first vacuum member on the sandwich structure from the flow-through drying wire side over a narrow first detaching zone. The direction of the pick-up fabric with respect to the flow-through drying wire is deviated and a second vacuum is applied by a second vacuum member over a second detaching zone subsequent to the first detaching zone in the direction of web travel from the drying wire side thereof thereby securing the web on the flow-through drying wire. The pick-up fabric may thus comprise either a felt or wire structure.

Abstract: A paper machine drying section has a pair of staggered rows of rotary dryer cylinders which include a first group of cylinders of both rows which form an initial part of the drying section where a web is initially received from a press section. A first endless fabric which forms a closed loop is guided around the above group of cylinders in a manner situating the cylinders of one of the rows within the loop to form inside cylinders therefrom and the cylinders of the other of the rows outside of the loop to form outside cylinders therefrom, this first endless fabric transporting a web which is to be dried around the cylinders of the above group while situating the web between the first endless fabric and the outside cylinders and the first endless fabric itself between the inside cylinders and the web.

Abstract: Decatizing apparatus comparison a heated cylinder and a backing cloth applied against the cylinder by means of a thrust belt under high tension. The material to be treated passes between the cylinder and the backing cloth. The cylinder is freely rotatable and is driven by passage of the material, the backing cloth and the thrust belt.

Abstract: A fiber sheet manufacturing apparatus, such as a paper machine, is described, including a rotary through dryer for drying the sheet material on the same foraminous conveyor where it is initially formed. The dryer is provided with a plurality of separate vacuum chambers circumferentially spaced within the foraminous dryer drum, which are each in registration with a different one of a plurality of sources of hot air outside of the drum. The hot air is transmitted through the sheet material and the conveyor into the vacuum chambers to dry the sheet material. Each of the vacuum chambers and the hot air sources is independently controlled to provide different temperatures and vacuum pressures for more efficient and versatile operation. The air is transmitted from the vacuum chambers out of the drum through their separate exhaust conduits extending through the end of the drum and spaced from the drum support bearings.

Abstract: A paper making apparatus and process of the type wherein the paper is processed from a starting condition of a slurry of pulp fiber to a later condition of a continuous self-sustaining paper sheet. The paper is carried continuously along a preselected path of travel extending from the starting condition to the later condition and for processing the paper as it is being carried. The path of travel normally includes a plurality of pairs of contacting members, including a forming wire and a pick-up felt, a pick-up felt and a bottom felt, and a pick-up felt and Yankee dryer, such contacting members processing the paper. The paper is passed through each nip defined by each of the contacting members and continues along its desired path of travel. Air pressure is applied on the discharge side or outgoing side of one or more of the nips defined between the sets of contacting members.

Abstract: Pressure treatment apparatus for continuous web treatment includes a drum and a belt surrounding the drum almost completely with both drum and belt being movable with the web disposed in between. A pair of essentially semi-cylindrical sleeves are disposed about the belt as a supporting surface with a friction-reducing means, such as interconnected rollers, between the sleeves and belt to transfer force. The sleeve ends are spaced apart at two sides to permit passage of the web and belt while at the same time being urged together of both sides to impart a tensile force in the sleeve. This tensile force serves to exert a uniform pressure on the moving web substantially over the entire surface of the drum with the forces contained in a closed system and not loading the drum bearings.

Abstract: The belt press is constructed with a rotatable cylinder, a guide belt to confine the material between the belt and cylinder, and a press member for pressing the belt towards the cylinder to remove water from the confined material. The press member has a curved face slightly spaced from the belt as well as a pressure chamber which delivers a pressurized medium, such as water or air, against the belt over the face of the press member.