Abstract: A roll arrangement for calendars or super-calendars is provided by the combination of two rolls which together form a press nip wherein one of the rolls is solely deflection-controllable and the other roll is solely temperature-controllable zone by zone. The temperature-controllable roll has a tubular rotatable roll shell and a stationary core extending through the roll shell. The space between the roll shell and the core is divided by means of several peripheral seals into numerous annular chambers. A flow of fluid is guided through each of the annular chambers. The fluid temperature in each annular chamber is independently controllable. Consequently the temperature-controlled roll shell can be heated by the fluid to different degrees along the axis thereof to control its external diameter along each zone. The peripheral seals are sized to have free play in a direction transverse to the roll axis and are constructed as endless, metallic rings.

Abstract: The outside convex surface of the bent plate forming the trough of a rotating cylinder type ironing machine is carved with two grooves which run parallel to its bending axis and divide the trough into three equal curved sectors. Each of these grooves providing, by reduction of the thickness of the said plate, an axis of less resistance of the latter to bending, such that the adjustable supports of the trough against the outer lining wrapping the rotating cylinder of the machine by the slight bending of the trough occurring along each of the said grooves, regardless of the temperature and the expansion of the trough.

Abstract: The invention is a fluid heated drum especially well adapted for use with a drum press in which high press roll nip loading and high heat flux to a pressed web are both encountered. A press of this type is disclosed in detail. However, the drum is more broadly useful in any application combining heavy mechanical drum loading and high heat flux through the drum surface. The drum is constructed with a thin outer shell spaced radially apart from an inner cylindrical body. Radial supports provide load bearing connections between the two. The annulus between the shell and inner body may be arranged in various patterns as a conduit for the flow of heating fluid. By using a thin outer shell which does not have to sustain high bending stresses a high rate of heat transfer is permitted. The outer shell may be made of copper or other high thermal flux but lower strength metal to obtain additional heat transfer advantages.

Abstract: A device for condensate removal from a steam-heated rotatable drying cylinder having a condensate suction pipe rotating with the drying cylinder and featuring a suction mouthpiece on the inside surface of the cylinder shell. A steam blowing line extends from the area of the axis of rotation of the drying cylinder into the interior of the suction mouthpiece. The mouth of the steam blowing line located there is arranged a maximally short distance from the inside surface of the cylinder shell and is directed and/or aligned on the condensate suction pipe.

Abstract: A heater drum has an outer cylindrical wall centered on and rotatable about an axis, an inner cylindrical wall fixed concentrically within the outer wall and defining therewith an annular chamber, and a body of a heat-transmitting fluid in the chamber in heat-transmitting contact with both walls. A core body fixed nonrotatably about the axis inside the inner wall is heated to a high treatment temperature. This heat is transmitted radially from the core body to the inner wall. The walls are rotated jointly about the axis relative to the core body to distribute the heat of the inner wall via the fluid body to the outer wall. The chamber is at subatmospheric pressure and the fluid is partly vaporized and partly liquid at the high treatment temperature. The core body is of part-cylindrical section generally centered on the axis and has an outer surface spaced slightly radially inward of the inner wall.

Abstract: An inking roller for an offset printing machine, through the interior of which a temperature-control medium flows. The roller is formed of aluminum in a barrel shape with journals mounted at both ends. The cross-sections of the plurality of ducts formed in the wall of the barrel result in an optimally uniform surface temperature for the inking roller. On one side of the inking roller the ducts have openings so that the flow and return alternate inside the barrel. The opposite ends of the ducts communicate with openings which establish the counter flow of fluid through the barrel.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling the differential pressure between steam inlet and outlet lines of a web dryer and includes a selectively controllable outlet valve disposed in the outlet line for selectively controlling the flow of blow-through steam, condensate and non-condensible gases out of the dryer. A dryer speed sensor generates a first control signal and a condensing rate sensor senses the rate at which a layer of condensate builds up within the dryer. The condensate rate sensor generates a second control signal. A control device is operably connected to an outlet valve actuator for selectively energizing the actuator in response to the first and second control signals. The control device compares the signals to determine the optimum relative setting of the outlet valve so that flooding of the dryer with condensate is inhibited while the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet lines is maintained as low as possible.

Abstract: A drying cylinder (A) is mounted for rotation about its central axis (44). A burner assembly (B) oxidizes fuel interior to the shell, generally along the central axis. A recirculating fan (C) urges the hot combustion gases from the burner into a nozzle box assembly (D). The nozzle box assembly includes a plurality of peripherally spaced, longitudinally extending boxes (80) which have an array of nozzles (82) therein. The nozzles direct jets of hot combustion gases against an interior surface of a cylindrical dryer shell (30) for transferring heat thereto. Hot combustion gases which have impinged upon the shell are recirculated through passages (84) and are in part reheated by the burner and in part discharged through an exhaust aperture (90) and an exhaust duct (92). In one embodiment, the direct fired dryer is mounted in one of the dryer sections of a Fourdrinier paper production line.

Abstract: A siphon tube assembly for papermaking dryer drums having a threaded rotary elbow connection between support and siphon tubes permitting the tubes to be selectively oriented by rotation of the elbow connection between an installation position wherein the tubes are in general alignment and an operative position wherein the tubes are angularly related. In a preferred embodiment, the siphon tube is braced in rigid engagement with the interior of the dryer drum for use as a rotating siphon, it being also contemplated that the present elbow joint may be embodied in stationary siphons. The elbow joint provides an operating keyway accessible through the interior of the support tube for manipulating rotation of the elbow joint without requiring the use of handholes or manholes in the dryer durm.

Abstract: A rotary cylindrical drum used in a commercial laundry flatwork finisher, having a jacket type construction so as to provide an annular fluid cavity for uniformly heating the exposed surface of the drum. The flatwork finisher includes fluid circulating system providing a temperature sensing probe exteriorly of the drum for measuring and regulating the temperature of the circulated fuel by controlling the operation of a heating element associated therewith.

Abstract: A drying cylinder, which can be steam heated, has the following features: The cylinder shell has on its internal surface circumferential grooves in which condensate from the steam collects; to remove the condensate from the drying cylinder there is provided at least one condensate collection pipe, extending at right angles over the circumferential grooves, to which several suction pipes extending into the grooves are connected; in the direction of the flow of the condensate, in front of the inlet region of each individual suction pipe, there is provided a condensate conveying element which has a guide surface parallel to the bottom of the circumferential groove; the guide surface always lies between the bottom of the circumferential groove and the inlet end of the suction pipe.

Abstract: The chill rolls of the cooling section are hollow, open-ended rolls. Spray nozzles in each roll spray water on the instantaneously upper half of the interior periphery and a fan blows air through the roll to effect evaporative cooling. Three different arrangements of the spray nozzles are disclosed for always directing spray to only the upper half of each chill roll.

Abstract: A vapor heated roll used to heat material that spirally travels along the length of the roll has a vapor chamber that tapers from each end toward a specified location intermediate the ends to provide a chamber having an increasingly greater cross section from each end of the chamber to the specified location. A means for removal of condensate from the chamber is positioned at the location of largest diameter. The distance of the location for condensate removal from the point at which material enters upon the roll surface is calculated to provide maximum heating efficiency.

Abstract: In order to control the moisture profile of paper webs in the cross machine direction thereof in the dryer part of the paper making process a built-up insulating sheet fixedly wound around a part of the circumferential surface of a drying cylinder is composed of a fluorine resin coated sheet having an adhesive agent coated layer on the reverse side thereof and an air-containing synthetic fabric adhered to said fluorine resin coated sheet and having a width slightly smaller than that of said fluorine resin coated sheet. The built-up insulating sheet is adhered to the circumferential surface of the drying cylinder at the appointed positions thereof through the adhesive agent coated layer exposed at the end portion of the fluorine resin coated sheet.

Abstract: A drying cylinder for use in the drying part of a paper making process. The moisture profile of paper web is equalized all over the width of said paper web by fixedly winding synthetic fabric around the surface of a drying cylinder contacting with wet paper web at the appointed positions thereof to form the void areas among yarns of said synthetic fabric as highly insulating air-holding portions.

Abstract: The outer side surface of the drying cylinder (1) is delimited by a plurality of coaxial rims (2) having the same radius, arranged side by side and separated two by two by an axial space (7), and made of a good heat-conducting material. Each rim (2) is heated and cooled independently from the others by a heating member (8) and a cooling member (11) housed into a subrim (3) surrounding by the rim (2). The heating is provided for example by an electric resistance and the cooling by circulation of cold water, the control being provided by means of remote controlled relays (10). Each rim (2) is rotationally integral with a hub (5) wedged to a drive shaft (6). A comb (26) having teeth (27) engaged into the spaces (7) avoids the winding of material around the cylinder (1) which is in depression conditions in order to favor the heat exchanges by suction of the material against the cylinder (1). Applications to the equipment of dry ends and post dry ends of paper-, cardboard- or other web material machines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and a device for drying a paper web or the like, in which method a web (8) and a wire or felt (9) supporting it are subjected to a deairing treatment. The wet web (8) and the wire or felt (9) thus deaired the thereafter passed between two displaceable airtight surfaces of high heat conducting properties, between which surfaces the web (8) is enclosed in the drying zone over the whole width thereof. The surface making contact with the web (8) is heated and the surface making contact with the wire or felt (9) is cooled by liquid in order to condense the water evaporated from the web (8) into the wire or felt (9). The wire or felt (9) is separated from the dried web (8) after said surfaces and the water condensated is removed therefrom. In a drying process the surface making contact with the wire or felt (9) is formed by the outer surface of a cooled rotating metal cylinder (2).

Abstract: A waste heat boiler is used to provide hot air to the drying hood of a Yankee dryer and to provide steam to the inside of the Yankee drying cylinder.

Abstract: A steam heated dryer of the hollow rotary drum type employed to dry paper webs of indefinite length. The steam condensate (water) is continuously removed from the lower interior portion of the drum by a siphon-like tube, the horizontal part of the condensate removal tube is stationary with respect to the rotating drum and its separate, angled input end spaced from the drum interior wall. The input end executes limited angular motion, so as to follow the mass of the condensate which rises slightly up the sides of the drum upon drum rotation. A bellows expansion joint is carried by the condensate removal tube. The condensate removal tube is supported by one or more spider supports, the spider supports formed of a heat resistant elastomer or resin, the spider support carrying a self-lubricating bearing ring which receives the condensate tube. Damage due to vibration is reduced.

Abstract: A gas heated direct fired center tube revolving ironer for use in an automated fabric ironing environment features improved roller surface temperature distribution control. An adjustable hot air recirculation system with a venturi throat, a high momentum gas burner, an improved temperature control system and an exhaust blower cooperate to provide an even temperature along the ironing surface. Multiple high and low temperature controls provide backup and ensure accuracy and safety. The gas fuel consumption is minimized thereby reducing operating costs.

Abstract: Apparatus for increasing the turbulence of a condensate layer formed on the inner surface of a mantle of a drying cylinder for use in the drying seciton of a paper machine to improve its heat transfer characteristics include a plurality of turbulence ribs atached to the inner mantle surface by a plurality of attachment bands, each attachment band being constituted by an assembly of at least three band parts. Spring devices are associated with pairs of adjacent free ends of the band parts of each attachment band to urge the adjacent free ends away from each other. The spring devices are tensioned by tensioning devices and the turbulence ribs are attached to the bands, which are preferably evenly space throughout the axial length of the mantle, by corresponding projections and cavities.

Abstract: A dryer for uniformly drying a continuous textile fabric comprises a housing for defining a drying chamber, a plurality of guide rolls for the fabric, located in the drying chamber so as to form a zigzag path for moving the fabric, and a plurality of heat-radiating plates. Each plate is located between the sequent guide rolls so as to face the fabric moving path. Each guide roll has a hollow formed therein and connected through a conduit to a water tank located outside of the housing at a level above that of the guide roll.

Abstract: A drying cylinder adapted to receive steam therein includes a cylindrical cylinder jacket and two end covers. There is a flange connection between the jacket and the covers. The jacket has a rectangular cross-section flange. The covers have an L-shaped flange which receives the end flange of the cover. The covers are concave to the outside of the cylinder. The point of intersection of a curved line through the cover and of the axial center line of the axial arm of the cover flange lies at a distance from the outer face of the flange of the end cover that is at most about 60% of the axial length of the axial arm of that flange. There is thermal insulation on the axially exterior side of each cover.

Abstract: A rotary dryer for the drying of a moving web of material has a thin-walled shell with lateral heads and bearing journal at each end, and is heated internally with steam. For the discharge of condensate and flash steam a low-pressure syphon rotating with the shell is provided, consisting of syphon shoe, standpipe and outlet pipe. To keep the differential pressure required for the discharge of the mix of condensate plus flash steam as low as possible even in changing operating conditions the invention provides for the arrangement of an internal baffle in the center of the syphon shoe to convey the mix of condensate in flash steam and also to stabilize it. For this purpose the internal baffle may have as supplement also additional internal subdivision chambers. Furthermore, the invention also provides for the additional arrangement of steam jet nozzles.The rotary low-pressure syphon according to the invention (FIG.

Abstract: A fastener assembly for use with a high temperature heat transfer roll and is provided for joining a sheet of insulating material to the end of said roll by utilizing a protruding bolt head or the like. The fastener assembly comprises a cup-like body defining a cavity for receiving said bolt head and a quantity of adhesive material therewithin. A plurality of inwardly extending projections in said cup-like body cavity may be used to engage the bolt head substantially in an interference fit during setting of the adhesive material. A plurality of through apertures in the cup-like body permit release of any excess quantity of adhesive material therefrom. A shaft portion is formed integral with and projects axially outwardly from the cup-like body and away from the bolt head and is of sufficient axial extent to project through the sheet of insulating material. An enlarged head is carried on an axially outermost end of the shaft portion.

Abstract: An arrangement for manufacturing or treating a web material comprises a rotary hollow roll having a hollow jacket which has an axis, a central region around which a web material moves, and two axial end regions which are free from the web material, two bearing pins each supporting said jacket in a respective one of said end regions, at least one of which bearing pins has a passage for a heat-carrying fluid, a displacing member located inside the jacket and extending concentrically to and over the greater part of the jacket so as to form an annular gap between the displacing member and the jacket and communicating with the passage for heat-carrying fluid to supply the latter, and a heat-insulating element arranged at an inner side of each of the end regions of the jacket for reducing heat transfer from the heat-carrying fluid to the jacket.

Abstract: A relatively stationary pipe or conduit, for the removal of a condensate or liquid from the interior of a steam heated rotatable drying drum or cylinder assembly and adapted for connection to a source of relatively low or sub-atmospheric pressure, has an inner end portion, disposed within the drum or cylinder assembly, which is provided with an inlet opening or port disposed in juxtaposition and close proximity to an inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder assembly; the inlet opening has a generally rearwardly situated wall which is substantially inclined as with respect to a radial plane of the cylinder assembly as to provide for enhanced transitional flow of the condensate from the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder assembly to the condensate-removing pipe or conduit.

Abstract: Rotatable heating apparatus including a support portion, a shell portion, a heating portion, a power supply portion and a control portion; the support portion including a frame section, the frame section including spaced upstanding sections, the upstanding sections including shaft supports; the shell portion including a substantially cylindrical outer section, a smaller substantially cylindrical inner section disposed within the outer section adjacent thereto and spaced therefrom, substantially parallel first and second end sections adjacent the ends of the cylindrical inner section, first and second annular sections enclosing the spacing between the ends of the inner and outer cylindrical sections, a shaft member disposed along the axis of the shell portion; the heating portion including a plurality of spaced electrical heating elements disposed between the inner and outer cylindrical sections, the heating elements extending from the first annular section to a point adjacent the second annular section, insul

Abstract: A supply of steam is fed to a drying cylinder (10) from a steam line (20) through a steam pressure control valve (22). Condensate and steam are removed from the drying cylinder to a separator (32). The pressure of the removed steam is controlled by a steam pressure control valve (36) and the rate of condensate removal is monitored by a condensate removal monitor (48). A computer controller (16) adjusts the steam feed and removal pressure control valves to maintain the smallest differential pressure therebetween which will maintain the condensate removal rate substantially constant. The computer controller sets an initial pressure differential during an initializing step (50). In a first pressure differential adjustment step (52), the computer decreases the pressured differential in first increments until the condensate removal rate begins to decrease. In response to the decrease, the first pressure differential adjusting step increases the pressure differential by the first increment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of condensate from a cylinder, in particular a cylinder for drying paper by means of steam supplied under pressure to the interior of the cylinder via a first conduit. The steam, partially condensed to water, is removed from the cylinder through a second conduit. Optimum discharge of condensate is achieved, even at higher cylinder speeds by separating the fluid in the second conduit into a gaseous component and a liquid component, measuring the quantity of the gaseous component, and keeping the same constant by control means.

Abstract: An improved spoiler bar, for rotatable, steam heated cylindrical dryers, which comprises an assembly of magnets, non-magnetic flux conducting backing and base plates, and magnetic flux conducting rails constructed to position the magnets in spaced adjacency to the dryer drum whereby the installation of the assemblies is facilitated and their strength of adherence to the inner surface of the dryer drum is optimized.

Abstract: A steam heated cylindrical dryer drum for continuously drying a traveling paper web in a papermaking machine wherein steam is supplied to the inner cavity of the drum and the shell of the drum has a plurality of circumferential grooves with axially extending rectangular collectors and tubes projecting tangentially from the collectors of resiliently deflectable material biased outwardly toward the shell of the drum with positioning lugs on the free ends of the tubes resting on the ribs to fix their position in the base of the grooves.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll of high thermal efficiency for web or sheet processing machines, such as a papermaking machine. The improved can roll has means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide a segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss. Improved means for attaching the insulator assembly to the end faces of the can roll includes use of panel assembly bolts screwed into threaded bores provided within thickened bolt heads of the can roll head bolts.

Abstract: A method of continuous drying of a paper or other porous web by passing the web (3) by means of a drying felt or wire (4) between two moving, air-impermeable surface elements (1, 8) having good heat conducting properties, which elements enclose the web along its whole width. The surface element (1) contacting the web is heated and the surface element (8) contacting the wire is cooled for evaporating water present in the web and condensing the evaporated water into the felt or wire. The temperature of the liquid used for cooling the surface element to be cooled is maintained above 100.degree. C. and the pressure at least at such a level as to prevent the liquid from boiling. Thus, the drying of the web can be carried out at an elevated temperature and under an elevated pressure in a continuous process at production conditions for improving the web characteristics.Preferably the cooling liquid is maintained at different temperatures and/or under different pressures at separate steps of the cooling process.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for securing a thermal insulating blanket to an end of a heated cylinder in a papermaking machine. The assembly includes a clamp positionable on heads of bolts used to secure peripheral portions of the cylinder end to a cylindrical main body. Each clamp includes a spring-wire fastener element positioned around a bolt head and a hold-down clamp for preventing removal of the fastener element from the bolt head. An insulating blanket has an outer skirt portion provided with grommets engageable with engagement portions of the fastener elements. The inner skirt portion of the insulating blanket is secured to a journal of the cylinder by a hose-type clamping device or other suitable device having an elongate member that is wrapped around the skirt portion, with overlapping ends of the elongate member being secured to each other to securely clamp the inner skirt portion of the blanket to the journal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll for paper-making machines having a high thermal efficiency. The improvement is in a means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss through natural convection, convection due to rotation, forced convection due to air draft, and radiation and resulting in a more uniform drying surface temperature.

Abstract: A lightweight plyable heat and noise end panel insulator panel is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder. The insulator panel comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material and relatively non-stretchable material stitched and grommeted together whereby a pattern of pockets are formed to hold the fragile heat insulation in place. The panel defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the panel can be positioned about the axle of the cylinder.

Abstract: A lightweight pliable heat and noise insulator blanket is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder with band clamps that grasp adjacent ones of the connector screws that hold the end panel to the cylinder. The insulator blanket comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material, and the blanket defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the blanket can be positioned about the axle of the rotary cylinder. The band clamps each include a band formed in a closed shape for positioning about adjacent ones of the connector screws of the rotary cylinder, and a mounting block positioned between the connector screws.

Abstract: A lightweight pliable heat and noise insulator blanket is mounted to the exterior surface of the axial end wall of a temperature controlled cylinder. The insulator blanket comprises multiple layers of heat and noise insulation material, and the blanket defines a central opening and a slot extending from the central opening through the outer peripheral edge portion so that the blanket can be positioned about the axle of the rotary cylinder. The insulator blanket includes an annular protrusion just inwardly of its outer periphery for placement against the exterior surface of the axial end wall of the rotary cylinder to form a seal between the insulator blanket and the rotary cylinder. The outer peripheral portion of the insulator blanket extends about the connector screws of the rotary cylinder while the annular seal of the insulator blanket is urged by centrifugal force toward a sealed relationship between the insulator blanket and the axial end wall of the rotary cylinder.

Abstract: A steam heated drying cylinder for machines for making paper comprising a cylindrical shell having inner surfaces thereon. The cylindrical shell includes a center region of substantially uniform thickness, end flanges extending radially inwardly of the center region, and transition regions between the center region and end flanges. The transition regions have inner surfaces that taper radially outwardly from the end flanges toward the center region. An insulation layer is disposed on the inner surfaces of the transition regions so as to provide substantially uniform drying along the width of the paper being made.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a drying cylinder for a paper making machine. The drying cylinder is hollow and is circumferentially grooved along the length of its inner surface. A plurality of collector conduits extend axially along the casing. Suction pipes project from each collector into respective ones of the grooves for sucking condensate therefrom. A siphon pipe is connected to each collector for siphoning off the collected condensate. The siphon pipe is insulated to reduce the temperature differential between the interior and exterior thereof. The suction pipes are shaped and/or spaced so that the suction pipes are able to remove a greater amount of condensate from the grooves in the vicinity of the siphon pipe than from the grooves in the remainder of the length of the casing, for attaining more uniform drying performance by the drying cylinder across the width of the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved heated can roll for papermaking machines having a high thermal efficiency. The improvement is in a means for insulating the ends of the internally heated can rolls to provide segmental heat insulating part spaced from the roll end or head to provide an air space adjacent to the head or roll ends, resulting in a large reduction in heat loss through natural convection, convection due to rotation, forced convection due to air draft, and radiation and resulting in a more uniform drying surface temperature.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for drying a moving web of textile fabric material as it passes over a series of closely adjacent rotating cylinders. Each cylinder has a pair of end portions and an intermediate portion. A heat insulating cap is mounted on each end portion to restrict the flow of heat energy therefrom.

Abstract: A moist, porous web is consolidated and dried by running it through the nip between two rotatable rolls, the surface of one of which is heated as it approaches the nip. One side of the web is in direct contact with the surface of the heated roll and the other side faces a permeable surface. The rolls are pressed together under high pressure to transfer heat from the heated roll to the web compressed therebetween to dry the same. The roll surface may be heated by hot gases from a fuel combustion burner or by a liquid medium. The dried and consolidated web may be removed from the heated roll by doctoring or it may be conveyed from the nip between the rolls to apparatus for processing it further.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fixing the binding agent of a dye-stuff to a printed web of material by means of heat applied to the web within a treatment or polymerization chamber. The treatment time of the web is increased by effecting a loop formation of the web upon a slowly moving belt traveling within the treatment chamber. After the web is first introduced into the chamber, it is then heated. Thereafter, the loop formation takes place. Upon leaving the treatment chamber, the web is passed over a stationary, curved shape heated plate, which smooths the web.

Abstract: A hollow cylinder is provided on its interior surface with an annular array of a plurality of annularly spaced, longitudinal ridges. The ridges are held in place by at least one inner support disposed inside the cylinder. A respective longitudinally extending bar is disposed radially inwardly of each ridge and springs bias the bar radially inwardly. The bars engage the support ring. The resultant resilient connection between the support ring and the ridges urges the ridges against the interior surface of the shell. The inner support ring may be constructed of several joined arcuate segments.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a hollow rotatable cylinder which is particularly useful as the drying cylinder for a paper machine. A circumferentially spaced apart array of sets, each comprised of at least a pair of axially arrayed cleats, are positioned around the inner cylindrical wall of the cylinder. Each cleat is comprised of a strip of sheet metal folded over a bar in direct engagement with the cylinder wall. Axial end pins on the cleats extend radially outwardly into boreholes provided in the inner cylinder wall. The end pins are dimensioned so that adjacent end pins of axially adjacent cleats may be received in a common borehole. In addition, a resilient holding ring may outwardly bias the cleats toward the inner cylinder wall. Finally, the cleats may be magnetically attracted to the inner cylinder wall for being held there.

Abstract: A rotatable heat exchange drum is provided. This drum can be used for heating and/or cooling an elongated material. The drum includes an outer cylinder having an inner surface, and an inner cylinder within the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder having an outer surface annularly spaced from the inner surface of the outer cylinder so as to form an annular gap. The outer surface of the inner cylinder and/or the inner surface of the outer cylinder are/is provided with at least one channel extending therein, and being in communication with the annular gap between the inner and outer cylinders. The channel serves to provide a pathway over which heat exchange fluid is swirled in order to thereby prevent the formation of stagnant boundary or "confine" layers within the annular gap.

Abstract: A drying cylinder for a paper-making machine comprises a cylinder barrel with end covers mounted on a hollow shaft. Steam for heating the cylinder can be introduced through an inlet at an end of the shaft. The steam passes through openings along the hollow shaft to heat the barrel. In order to reduce the risk of pollutants or condensate entering the annular space between the cylinder barrel and the hollow shaft, the openings in the hollow shaft are provided with tubular components which project into the interior of the hollow shaft. Either the tubular components themselves are shaped or a baffle plate is provided for blocking entrance of pollutants into the tubular components. A suction device removes condensate from the inside of the inner shaft.

Abstract: This disclosure is of a device for controlling the flow of steam in paper machine dryers wherein a positive displacement pump is used to create differential and condensate evacuation from the paper machine dryers. This invention is applicable to a single steam heated drum or a plurality of such drums. It can be used in either a recirculating or cascading system.