Abstract: A heat treatment process for fiber feedstock, comprises repeatedly subjecting the bale to a reduced pressure atmosphere followed by the introduction of steam which permeates the bale. The interior of the bale may ultimately reach a temperature of about 80° C., which conditions and sanitizes the cotton fibers. Reduced pressure in the range of 20-200 mbar and steam treatment time in the order of 5 minutes can be employed.

Abstract: A method and system for cleaning a metal article. The system is used to employ a method that comprises placing the article in a means defining a chamber; subjecting the article to a gaseous atmosphere in the means defining a chamber, where the gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine; and subjecting the article to the gaseous atmosphere at a temperature in a range from about 815° C. to about 1100° C. to clean the article.

Abstract: A method of dewatering fine particulate materials is disclosed. In this method, an aqueous slurry of fine particles is treated with appropriate hydrophobizing reagents so that the particulate material becomes moderately hydrophobic. A lipid of vegetable or animal origin is then added to the slurry in solutions of light hydrocarbon oils and short-chain alcohols, so that the hydrophobic lipid molecules adsorb on the moderately hydrophobic surface and, thereby, greatly enhance its hydrophobicity. By virtue of the enhanced hydrophobicty, the water molecules adhering to the surface are destabilized and more readily removed during the process of mechanical dewatering. The moisture reduction can be further improved using appropriate electrolytes in conjunction with the lipids, spraying surface tension lowering reagents onto the filter cake, subjecting the cake to a suitable vibratory means, and using combinations thereof.

Abstract: An emptying unit for recovering bottom residue, particularly in drying filters, drying units and the like, comprising, inside a container for treating and containing dried product, fluid introducing elements for moving the bottom residue of the dried product. A discharge port being also provided which is controlled by a discharge valve interposed on a pneumatic circuit suitable to produce a circulation of fluid in output from the discharge port.

Abstract: A lyophilizer system is adapted for operation in a first mode or a second mode with microwave assisted drying. The system includes a lyophilizing chamber, including shielding from microwaves. The chamber is connected to a pressure controller for controlling vacuum in the lyophilizing chamber and a device for trapping water vapor. One or more microwave generators, direct microwaves into the lyophilizing chamber. Refrigeration units lower the temperature of the lyophilizing chamber and condenser. The chamber environment maintains a temperature and a pressure that facilitates sublimation in the chamber in a first mode, and for creating a chamber environment having vacuum and temperature such that when combined with microwaves directed into the chamber, facilitates sublimation in the chamber in a second mode. The chamber has arc inhibiting surfaces and shielding and a corona discharge detection and control system, including optical, thermal and other detection systems.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is mounted on a susceptor disposed in a processing chamber, the wafer is heated at a temperature on the order of 1000° C. for annealing, and a gas is supplied from a gas supply device disposed opposite to the wafer. When raising the temperature of the wafer and/or when lowering the temperature of the wafer, intra-surface temperature difference is limited to a small value to suppress the occurrence of slips. A gas supply device is divided into sections corresponding to a central part and a peripheral part, respectively, of the wafer to supply the gas at different flow rates onto the central part and the peripheral part, respectively. When raising the temperature of the wafer, for example, a gas of a temperature higher (lower) than that of the wafer is supplied at a flow rate per unit area greater (lower) than that at which the gas is supplied to the peripheral part to the central part.

Abstract: The process of mitigation of spacecraft surface charging using ionized water vapor is used, since it helps taking excess surface electrons away from a spacecraft surface, leaving practically no residue after complete evaporation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat treatment method of cereal kernels which enables the decrease in the mould content of the cereal kernels without disturbing their germinability. The method is especially applicable to the treatment of kernels to be germinated e.g. before malting. The invention also relates to the treated cereal kernels, cereal kernel products made of them and their use in malting and brewing. Further, apparatuses are described which are applicable to the heat treatment of cereal kernels.

Abstract: A cleaning method for cleaning a developer container includes a step of blowing air through an opening formed in the developer container at a first flow rate; a step of sucking air through the opening at a second flow rate which is larger than the first flow rate; wherein while the blowing and suction steps are being simultaneously carried out, ambient air is permitted to enter the developer container through an ambient air inlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for staging or cooling a substrate between high temperature thermal processing steps. In the disclosed embodiment, one or more cooling stations are located off-line within a wafer handling chamber, outside the thermal processing chamber. After thermal processing, a hot wafer can be loaded on to one station, where the wafer is subjected to forced convection cooling. In particular, the wafer is subjected to cooling gas from above and below through perforated upper and lower showerhead assemblies. The wafer can thus be cooled rapidly on a station while other wafers are transferred into and out of the processing chamber, Desirably, the wafer is cooled on the station to a point at which it can be handled by a low temperature wafer handler and stored in a low temperature cassette.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing musical instruments is provided. More particularly, a method of sterilizing musical wind instruments and accessories related thereto is provided for sterilizing, or at least sanitizing, musical wind instruments and accessories without damaging or degrading components of such instruments and accessories constructed of cloth, wood, plastic, rubber or fibrous materials. The method of the invention uses a gas diffusion process and a gas sterilant, such as ethylene oxide. A musical wind instrument and/or an accessory is placed in a gas diffusion bag and a sterilizing atmosphere is created within the gas diffusion bag by releasing ethylene oxide into the gas diffusion bag at a sufficient concentration to act as a sterilant. Ethylene oxide is heated to an appropriate temperature and maintained at such temperature for a sufficient time to achieve sterilization, or at least sanitization, of the musical wind instrument and/or accessory contained therein.

Abstract: A system for stripping an optical fiber includes a source air, and means for generating very short bursts of air. A heater heats the bursts of air to a temperature sufficient to remove the outer coating from an optical fiber, while maintaining the air isolated from the heat source. The heater includes a heater core that includes a heat generating element such as a conductive filament, and a heat chamber enclosed within the heater core. A spiral-shaped air conduit surrounds the outer surface of the heater core, and communicates with the heat chamber. Upon injection of air into the conduit, heat is transferred to the air from the heat generating element while the air flows through the air conduit and into and out of the chamber. A single burst of heated air removes the outer coating of an optical fiber, within less than one second.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer (W) is mounted on top of a mounting stand (3) within a vacuum vessel of a vacuum processing apparatus such as a vacuum film-formation apparatus or an etching apparatus for semiconductor wafers. A heat-transfer gas such as helium is supplied to a gap between the wafer and the mounting stand, and film-formation or etching is performed while the wafer is held at a predetermined temperature. To ensure a simple and reliable detection of any leakage of the helium from between the wafer and the mounting stand during this process because of an abnormal state, the surface of a dielectric material such as aluminum nitride that configures the mounting stand (3) is given a mirror finish and the wafer (W) is attracted to the surface of the mounting stand (3) by an attractive force of at least 1 kg/cm2, whereby the helium from the gas supply path (5) is sealed in on the rear surface side of the wafer (W).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dehydrating naturally occurring organic materials which contain a biologically active component, and in particular proteins, which does not change the original structure of the active component, by drying such material in particulate form in the presence of an antimicrobial agent and preferably an ionizable salt at temperatures at or below which denaturization occurs until the water content of the material is reduced to less than 15%.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing musical instruments is provided. More particularly, a method of sterilizing musical wind instruments is provided for sterilizing, or at least sanitizing, musical wind instruments without damaging or degrading components of such instruments constructed of cloth, wood, plastic, rubber or fibrous materials. The method of the invention uses a gas diffusion process and a gas sterilant, such as ethylene oxide. A musical wind instrument is placed in a gas diffusion bag and a sterilizing atmosphere is created within the gas diffusion bag by releasing ethylene oxide into the gas diffusion bag at a sufficient concentration to act as a sterilant. Ethylene oxide is heated to an appropriate temperature and maintained at such temperature for a sufficient time to achieve sterilization, or at least sanitization, of the musical wind instrument contained therein.

Abstract: An enclosed drainage facility to dry municipal waste combustion ash has a plurality of spaced elongated channels to drain by gravity, water from piles of ash into a disposal or reclamation pool. The channels are sloping concrete ditches leading to a common trough or pipe to a covered storage basin. Steel plates pierced with a plurality of spaced slender slits abut each other to cover each channel. The atmosphere in the facility is changed by being pumped into one side of the facility and exhausted adjacent an opposite side. Also, a process for drying municipal waste combustion ash includes dewatering and drying of ash piles in an atmosphere of warm dry air for a period of time necessary to reduce the moisture to about 28%.

Abstract: A raw material feeding apparatus is provided for a film-forming apparatus in which a thin film is formed from a solid matter as a raw material during chemical vapor-phase deposition. The apparatus includes sub-containers each having an opening for introduction of a gas, an opening for discharge of a gas, a bottom, on which a solid raw material is spread between the inlet opening and the outlet opening, and a wall defining a gap, in which a gas being introduced and discharged is made to contact the solid raw material spread on the bottom while the gas is moved on the surfaces of the material. The apparatus also includes a raw material container for receiving and holding the sub-containers. The apparatus also includes a heating device for heating the raw material container, and carrier gas conveying tubes for introducing a carrier gas into the raw material container and including a passage communicated to the outlet openings of the sub-containers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a thickened slimes fraction blended with a tailing fraction for delivery to a discharge or disposal point (38). The method includes the steps of forming a bed of tailings fraction on a de-watering screen (28) and delivering a thickened slimes fraction onto the bed of tailings fraction. The slimes fraction (30) is then allowed to de-water through the bed and the screen.

Abstract: A wet gas compression device combining the following stages: a separation stage providing a gas phase and a liquid phase; a conversion stage for converting a gas phase and a liquid phase; a conversion stage for converting the liquid phase provided by the separation stage to a vapor phase by heat exchange; a compression stage for compressing the gases from the separation stage and the conversion stage and for providing a portion of gas for use in the heat exchange of the compression stage.

Abstract: In the method for unloading items of laundry from a spin-dryer or washer-dryer (20) which has a perforated operating drum (21) and a drum housing (22) with an end-side unloading opening (26) which can be closed by means of a door (27), after the spin-drying process is finished, the operating drum (21) is set to a speed at which the centrifugal force acting on the items of laundry is still somewhat greater than the force of gravity. The door (27) of the drum housing (22) is opened. The pipe of a suction conveying system is connected to the unloading opening (26) of the drum housing (22). The suction conveying system is activated, and on the drum housing (22) the closure member (29) of an air inlet opening, which is arranged on the peripheral wall, is opened. The method can also be used analogously in tumble-dryers. The device for carrying out the method has the device parts mentioned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the wetting or providing moisture throughout a container of a powdery dry material such as an emission control baghouse dust. A collection hopper container is provided which usually comprises a box like structure with a sealable cover or top. A supply of low-pressure steam is provided to a plurality of conduits that extent through the cover and extend downwardly into the collected powdery material. By the injection of low-pressure steam through the plurality of conduits and outwardly into the powdery material through openings in the conduits, moisture is provided throughout the powdery material to lessen the dusty nature of the material to enable further processing to be accomplished more readily.

Abstract: A fluid delivery method is provided wherein either liquid or gaseous fluid is provided from fluid dispenser manifolds, via nozzle plates associated therewith, on each side of a path of travel of articles being treated by the fluid, and wherein nozzle openings in a nozzle plates cooperate with transverse groove(s) to provide a screen flow of fluid extending transversely of the path of travel of articles, and directed toward the articles. In the case of the fluid being a liquid, the nozzle openings provide cylindrical filament-like columns of liquid which are rendered by the associated grooves into generally flat, transversely disposed screen spray of liquid. In the case of the fluid being a gas, the nozzle openings and transverse grooves cooperate to deliver the gas in transversely spaced apart, transverse, planar zones of gas directed toward the path of article travel.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying coated web material and preferably moving web material comprises a nozzle, means for supplying air to the nozzle and means to distribute the air through said nozzle substantially uniformly across the web width, said nozzle arcing from a position perpendicular with respect to the plane of the web to a position substantially parallel with respect to the plane of the web, said nozzle having an exit slot wherein the air is discharged from the exit slot at an angle of between 1.degree. and 45.degree. with respect to the plane of the web.

Abstract: A chicken manure drying system is placed in a hen house. A platform of the system is disposed underneath a plurality of chicken cages. As chicken manure drops from the chicken cages, it collects on the platform. Drying fans of the system are disposed adjacent to the platform. The drying fans provide a constant flow of air over the chicken manure so as to dry the chicken manure. The plowing apparatus of the system includes a plowing device disposed over the platform. The plowing device is periodically moved across the platform in order to plow the chicken manure. The plowing of the chicken manure exposes more of the chicken manure to air. This exposure facilitates the comprehensive and expeditious drying of the chicken manure. After the chicken manure has been sufficiently dried to serve as fertilizer, the chicken manure is conveyed to a collection site.

Abstract: A fluid delivery apparatus and method is provided wherein either liquid or gaseous fluid is provided from fluid dispenser manifolds, via nozzle plates associated therewith, on each side of a path of travel of articles being treated by the fluid, and wherein nozzle openings in a nozzle plates cooperate with transverse groove(s) to provide a screen flow of fluid extending transversely of the path of travel of articles, and directed toward the articles. In the case of the fluid being a liquid, the nozzle openings provide cylindrical filament-like columns of liquid which are rendered by the associated grooves into generally flat, transversely disposed semen spray of liquid. In the case of the fluid being a gas, the nozzle openings and transverse grooves cooperate to deliver the gas in transversely spaced apart, transverse, planar zones of gas directed toward the path of article travel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat stretching a synthetic fiber rope. The rope is buoyed in a vessel containing a liquid medium, and this is heated to a predetermined stretching temperature. Tension is applied to the heated portion of the rope so as to stretch this to a predetermined increase in length. The process may be batchwise, or it may be continuous. In the batch process, a length of the rope is stretched in the heating vessel by a draw rod. In the continuous process, feed and take-up capstans pass the rope through a heating chamber, and then through a cooling chamber. The capstans are operated at different speeds so that the rope is tensioned and stretched between them within the vessel.