Abstract: An electronic system to induce the occupants of a vehicle to fasten seat belts is described. The electronic system is configured to determine an alert condition indicating that a seat belt of at least one occupant of the vehicle is not fastened or is not properly fastened. The electronic system is also configured to allow the car radio to operate even when said alert condition is present, and to control the volume of the car radio for as long as said alert condition persists, preventing it from exceeding a low volume level.

Abstract: An exemplary system and method of monitoring a child seat in a vehicle having a seat electronics arrangement which is structured to be provided at or near the child seat and a transmission arrangement structured to be provided at or near a belt of the vehicle. The transmission arrangement is configured to transmit energy and a signal from a vehicle electronics arrangement of the vehicle to the seat electronic arrangement, and to transmit the signal from the seat electronics arrangement to the vehicle electronics arrangement.

Abstract: A system for determining abandonment of a child or infant in a vehicle. The system features a remote key in communication with sensors operatively connected to seatbelts in a vehicle. If a user presses the lock button on the remote key the sensors determine if any seatbelt has been left engaged. If a seatbelt is engaged an alarm is activated on the remote key. If no seatbelt is left engaged, the vehicle doors become locked. To override the alarm, and override button must be pushed on the remote key. An unlock button on the remote key unlocks the vehicle doors and the system is reset.

Abstract: Method and system are disclosed for a car seat buckle with a transmitter to a portable alarm unit such as a key ring. In some embodiments, the alarm system may transmit information to a PDA or phone in the form of an e-mail, text, video, phone call or alarm. Alternatively (or in addition), car seat safety alarm may be activated by pressure sensors, temperature sensors or distance sensors in the car seat.

Abstract: The present invention is a seatbelt reminder system utilized by a user with a vehicle with a dashboard with a driver's side, one or more audio speakers and a battery. The system includes a recording device with an activation button that records and playback a seatbelt reminder message and a computer chip in communication with the recording device to store the seatbelt reminder message. The seatbelt reminder message is a personalized message from a loved one, a family member or other closely affiliated person of the user. The vehicle audio speakers are in communication with the computer chip to generate the seatbelt reminder message from the recording device after depressing the activation button. The system can be utilized with an automobile, a van or a truck.

Abstract: A cloth material with separate conductive areas includes at least one first layer comprising at least one first conductive area; and at least one extension part, which includes at least one accessory and at least one connecting part connected to the accessory, wherein the extension part comprises at least one second conductive area, which corresponds in location to the first conductive area on the first layer, wherein the first conductive area and the second conductive area are inductively coupled, a condition of inductive coupling is adapted to be changed by an outside force.

Abstract: A passenger detection system includes a satellite sensor circuit; and a master determination unit. The satellite sensor circuit includes an antenna electrode which is provided in at least one of a seating face or a back face of a seat; and an electric field generation unit which generates an electric field around the antenna electrode, and generates a current signal based on the electric field. The master determination unit includes a current detection unit which detects a variation of the current signal; and a control unit which determines a sitting situation of a passenger by comparing signal data with threshold data, the signal data being related to a current signal which flows based on the electric field which is obtained from the current detection unit and which is generated at the antenna electrode, the threshold data being related to the sitting situation of the passenger. The satellite sensor circuit and the master determination unit are connected via a power supply line and a ground line.

Abstract: A wireless seatbelt monitoring system and method is provided for informing a driver that a seatbelt that should be latched is unlatched. The system includes a wireless seatbelt assembly having a buckle equipped with a piezoelectric element and a transmitter. The transmitter sends a wireless seatbelt status signal when the seatbelt assembly is buckled by harvesting energy during the insertion process. The wireless seatbelt status signal is transmitted to a dedicated repeater module, which retransmits the wireless seatbelt status signal to a receiver. Based upon the wireless seatbelt status signal, the system informs the driver of the status of the seatbelt assemblies audibly, visually, or both.

Abstract: A seat system for a mass transit vehicle configured to provide at least one seating position, which includes a seat cushion configured to support at least one occupant; a seat back configured to support at least one occupant; one seat belt device for each seating position configured to provide restraint to an occupant, which includes a first sensing mechanism to detect and output a first signal indicating whether the seat belt device is configured in one of two positions, a first unbuckled position and a second buckled position; an electronic control unit, coupled to a vehicle voltage source, having at least one input connection, at least one output connection, a microprocessor to process data received through any input connection, and a memory device to store data processed by the microprocessor; at least one communication means coupled to the electronic control unit for communicating externally to the seat system; and a second sensing mechanism to determine whether the seat is configured in one of two posit

Abstract: A system for detecting a passenger in a rear seating row of a vehicle and alerting an occupant of a vehicle when a passenger safety device in a rear row is not properly used. Occupancy is determined by sensing any actuation of a switch or control in the rear row along with detecting sounds made by the rear row passenger. A processor receives control activity signals indicating that a control has been actuated, receives audio signals generated by a microphone, and uses the control activity signals and the audio signals in combination to determine that the passenger is present. The processor also receives a status signal from the passenger safety device indicating that it is not in proper use. An occupant alerting device provides an alert to the occupant if the processor determines that the passenger is present and the passenger safety device is not in proper use.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a device for controlling one or more vehicle features for a primary driver and a secondary driver is provided. The device comprises at least one controller that is configured to receive at least one driver status signal indicative of the driver being one of the primary driver and the secondary driver and to determine whether the driver of the vehicle is the one of the primary driver and the secondary driver based on the at least one driver status signal. The controller is further configured to control one or more vehicle features and to prevent the one or more vehicle features from being disabled in response to determining that the at least one driver status signal indicates that the driver of the vehicle is the secondary driver.

Abstract: A method of controlling the behavior of an occupant of a vehicle (20) includes sensing an auxiliary mode of the vehicle (20) and comparing a first vehicle operation mode to a predetermined threshold to determine a first incident. The method proceeds by actuating a resistive device in response to the first incident to apply a resistance to an operational input by an occupant of the vehicle. The method is characterized by monitoring a second vehicle operation mode of the vehicle subsequent to the first incident and adjusting the applied resistance in proportion to the second vehicle operation mode. The second vehicle operation mode can include monitoring the distance traveled by the vehicle, monitoring the speed or acceleration of the vehicle, monitoring the time of vehicle mobilization, or monitoring a first period of time since the first incident.

Abstract: A system releases seat belts on school buses electronically via driver command or automatically by an inertia switch and electronic timer that then activate solenoids at each seat. This system operates on 12V direct current furnished by the load side of the bus's ignition switch. The system also has a level sensor that prohibits the system from energizing the solenoids when a bus equipped with the system does not have an upright position. The system provides a switch under each seat that notifies the driver when a child occupies it or a light at the dashboard. A second light flashes to notify the driver when the clip engages a buckle of each seat on a bus. The system allows for normal daily usage of seat belts and simultaneously releases the seat belts in an emergency.

Abstract: An exemplary circuit arrangement for a belt lock of a passenger restraint system in motor vehicles includes one contact sheet pair having a fixed contact sheet and an elastic contact sheet which interacts with a slide. The slide is a component of a locking mechanism located in a belt lock housing for an inserted belt tongue, and is pushed in a displacement channel from a first end position into a second end position when the locking mechanism is actuated. The contact sheet pair is in a housing part which borders the displacement channel. A part, which projects from the elastic contact sheet through a housing wall opening into the displacement channel, is exposed to the action of the slide to open or close an electrical contact to the contact sheet. The circuit includes means for preventing abraded matter from traveling into the contact region of the contact sheet pair.

Abstract: Seatbelt use is promoted by determining whether a seat is occupied and then determining whether the seatbelt associated with the seat is buckled. When the seat is occupied and unbuckled, user control of an entertainment system associated with the seat is overridden. In video-equipped entertainment systems, a video encouraging seatbelt use can be played, such as an informational video. When the seatbelt is latched, a reward audio or video clip may be played prior to allowing user control of the entertainment system.

Abstract: The Child Seat Safety System provides drivers (common vehicles) with an alarm and monitoring system for the attachment of safety harnesses and temperature readings for respective child seat occupants within the car. The monitoring component details the attached “status” of said harnesses through indicator lights on the main operator dashboard along with on the system device. Alarm features automatically warn either the driver or surrounding bystanders or emergency personnel of alarm situation including temperature variances, harness disengagement, accident or unattended occupant warnings. The Child Seat Safety System can reduce the risk of small children being injured due to unattached seat belts during accident, braking or collision, and can reduce exposure to unhealthy temperatures either during driving or from extended lengths of time being unattended in a car.

Abstract: A seat belt monitoring system is provided. The seat belt monitoring system includes a seat belt system. The seat belt system has a first portion including a seat belt webbing and a tongue. The seat belt system also includes a buckle. A radio frequency device is associated with the first portion. The seat belt monitoring system further includes a radio frequency receiver that detects either a signal from the radio frequency device or a particular spatial relationship between the radio frequency device and a second radio frequency device placed near the buckle of the seat belt system.

Abstract: An operator restraint system is provided. The operator restraint system includes a seatbelt payout sensor and a seatbelt buckle assembly. The seatbelt buckle assembly includes a housing and an alarm assembly. The alarm assembly includes at least one of a light source configured to generate a visible signal and an annunciator configured to generate an audible signal. A controller is associated with at least one of the seatbelt payout sensor and the alarm assembly. The controller is configured to receive from the seatbelt payout sensor a signal indicative of a length of a seatbelt that has been withdrawn, determine whether the length of the seatbelt that has been withdrawn is within a predetermined range, and control the alarm assembly to selectively generate at least one of the visible signal and the audible signal to remind an operator regarding employment of the seatbelt based on the determination.

Abstract: A system for child safety relating to a child safety seat that is in communication with the internal wiring or computer system of a vehicle such that when the vehicle ignition is turned off and the child safety seat is engaged, an audible alert is emitted through the vehicle speakers.

Abstract: An arrangement in passenger vehicles, that diverts the impact energy in impacts away from the passengers to the remaining mass of the vehicle thereby protecting the passengers, and in the same arrangement provides utilitarian access to the vehicle, such utilitarian access making it possible to both install multi-element contoured surround seats for passengers and the driver, and also safety devices and arrangements for head-on collision protection that protect the passenger. An indo-skeletal structural arrangement proposed for the vehicle, provides further benefits by targeting the strength of the vehicle to protect passengers while minimizing other massive elements in the vehicle.

Abstract: A restraint system for a motor vehicle includes a coupling member, a coupling apparatus configured to receive and engage the coupling member, at least one indicator, and an electrical circuit configured to determine whether the coupling member is engaged with the coupling apparatus and to control the at least one indicator to indicate whether the coupling apparatus is either of engaged and disengaged with the coupling member.

Abstract: A system for child safety relating to a child safety seat that is in communication with the internal wiring or computer system of a vehicle such that when the vehicle ignition is turned off and the child safety seat is engaged, an audible alert is emitted through the vehicle speakers.

Abstract: The present invention, in one embodiment, is a belt like device comprised of two sections connected together with magnets. The free ends of the two sections can be equipped with clips for securing each section to either child or caregiver. When the caregiver gets out of the vehicle the magnets and their respective sections separate, and a tune, tone, song, or some other audible signal is played through a speaker on the device. The audible signal could be activated by the use of a magnetic sensor or magnetic switch. The audible signal would alert and remind the caregiver that a child is still in the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is provided. The vehicle seat includes a sheet-like sensor member, a sheet-like electric device, and a seat main body configuring a sitting portion and including therein the sensor member and the electric device while overlapping each other. The electric device is provided between a pad member which forms a cushion element of the seat main body and a skin cover which covers an outer surface side of the pad member, and the sensor member is provided between the electric device and the skin cover. The electric device is formed with a through hole, so that a measuring circuit unit which is wired and connected to the sensor member is provided in an inner surface side of the electric device, and the measuring circuit unit is accommodated in a recessed portion formed in the pad member.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for automatically ensuring passenger safety by identifying article(s) in need of securing in a vehicle and attaching at least one wireless signaling component to each article. Each wireless signaling component includes a wireless signaling device and a mechanical blocking device that controls a wireless signal emitted from the wireless signaling device. The emitted wireless signaling indicates a state of the article. State information relating to a state of each article is generated and received at a data network device, which generates state results based on this state information. The state results are output to an end user, whereby the state results identify those articles that are secured, unsecured, and/or improperly secured, for automatically ensuring passenger safety.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention detect and visually indicate to onlookers when a motor vehicle driver's and/or passenger's seatbelt is not engaged. An embodiment is comprised of control electronics, wiring, and an on-board Centre High Mount Stop Lamp (“CHMSL”) mounted in the rear of the vehicle as the means of communication and deterrence.

Abstract: In one aspect of watercraft automation and aquatic data utilization for aquatic efforts, an anchor point is obtained and a watercraft position maintenance routine is actuated to control the watercraft to maintain association with the anchor point. In another aspect, prior aquatic effort data is obtained in association with an anchor point. In yet another aspect, current aquatic effort data is generated in association with an anchor point. In still another aspect, current aquatic effort data and prior aquatic effort data are utilized for prediction generation. In yet another aspect, current aquatic effort data and prior aquatic effort data are utilized to obtain another anchor point for a watercraft.

Abstract: The invention is related to intelligent tire systems and methods. In one embodiment, an intelligent tire system (ITS) comprises a first sensor device, a second sensor device, a central control unit, and a transceiver. The first sensor device is mounted in a tire of a vehicle and comprises a radio frequency (RF) transmitter. The second sensor device is mounted in the tire and comprises an RF transceiver, the second sensor device adapted to receive a transmitter transmission from the first sensor device comprising first sensor data. The central control unit is mounted in the vehicle. The transceiver is mounted in the vehicle and is adapted to receive a transceiver transmission from the second sensor device comprising first sensor data and second sensor data and to transmit the transceiver transmission to the central control unit.

Abstract: A warning system for notifying another person when a child is left in a child safety seat. The system recognizes a child in a child safety seat by either a pressure pad or a secured child seat lap belt. The system is activated by the release of the driver's seat belt. Should a child remain in the seat when the driver's seat belt is disengaged, the system alarms notifying the driver of such. The alarm would include a calm audio output such as a lullaby, a song, or a story. The system can be integrated into the OEM features to provide an alert escalation process using a local alert, a vehicle alert, a wireless alert and ultimately a 911 alert.

Abstract: There is provided a system and methods for mitigation of the potential dangers to which at least a child, and passengers, are exposed to prior to, during travel and after travel, when outside and adjacent a vehicle. Potential dangers to which a child is exposed are risks associated with driving and non-driving behavior of the driver, when the child is inside and outside the vehicle, when the vehicle is driven on public roads and on private property grounds, and as a result of deficient of mistaken operation of child and passenger related devices. The system and methods require input commands into an indicator to operate equipment elements aboard the vehicle, including sensors, operable devices and alert systems, and are operative for communication with remote stations, with adjacent-driven vehicles, and with the vehicle owner.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes a light source, a display unit for producing display virtual images including an alarm display image, a mirror for reflecting the light to show the alarm display image in a field of front view of a driver, at least one on-vehicle device that the driver operates, a visual-line shift detecting means and a display position shifting means. The mirror reflects the light representing the alarm display image so that a driver can see the alarm display image in a display area that is set on one of a front windshield and a combiner in front of the driver and in a field of front vision of the driver. The visual-line shift detecting means detects a visual line shift of the driver from a usual forward visual range of the driver toward the on-vehicle device that the driver operates.

Abstract: A child restraint warning system configured to be secured to a child seat/carrier having a base, a seat detachably connected to the base, where the child seat/carrier includes a harness configured to be releasably secured with a latch. When the seat is secured on the base a seat position sensor sends a signal to a control unit positioned on the back of the seat. The control unit is switched into an active status for detecting an unlocked condition of the harness latch. A first series of audible warning signals is produced by the control unit if the latch remains unlocked for a pre-determined period of time. If the latch continues to be in an unlocked condition after the first series of warning signals the control unit generates a second series of signals, which can be spoken messages pre-programmed by the user.

Abstract: An image based occupant classification system includes an image sensor and an image processor. The image sensor is configured to capture vehicular occupant information. The image processor is in communication with the image sensor. The image processor is configured to perform first sampling operations upon the vehicular occupant information to determine occupant classification. The image processor is further configured to perform second sampling operations upon the vehicular occupant information to determine a seat belt status. Each of the first sampling operations is conducted at a separate time from each of the second sampling operations. Vehicles are also provided.

Abstract: A seat occupancy detection unit (10) has at least one sensor (12) which has a reed switch (14) and a magnet (22) movable relative thereto in a switching direction (z). The seat occupancy detection unit (10) can be inserted in the seat padding of a vehicle seat, It is used to produce a warning signal for the wearing of a seat belt.

Abstract: A device for detecting the occupancy status of a vehicle seat with an electrical capacity sensor device that is arranged in a seat belt buckle assigned to the vehicle seat and whose electrical capacity is altered relative to a reference potential (mass, ground) by the presence of a person occupying the vehicle seat and which, as a result, emits an electrical seat occupant presence output signal.

Abstract: A projector projects a visible laser beam onto a region of a vehicle compartment. A control unit controls a direction of projecting the visible laser beam to provide information to at least one occupant in the compartment. The control unit expands the region of an object to which the visible laser beam is projected when the seatbelt has been fastened.

Abstract: An occupant monitoring and restraint status system is provided. The system includes an occupant boarding and de-boarding system. The occupant boarding and de-boarding system detects boarding and de-boarding of occupants. The system also includes a bench type seat that has a plurality of seat locations. Each of these seat locations includes a seat belt system which has a status sensor to detect a state of the seat belt system. Each seat location also includes an occupant sensing system. The occupant sensing system detects the presence and identity of an occupant at the seat location. The system further includes a display which includes a seat status indicator for each of the plurality of seat locations. The seat status indicators include information regarding a presence of an occupant, an occupant identity, and a state of a seat belt system.

Abstract: The computer 26 sends actuating signals to the resistive device 38 to resist the occupant input to the accelerator 22, but only when the vehicle speed exceeds a threshold while the seat belt 24 is not fastened about the occupant 28. This invention is characterized by applying the resistance and adjusting the threshold in proportion to the number of times the seat belt 24 is not fastened while the vehicle speed exceeds the threshold compared with the number of times the vehicle 20 exceeds the threshold speed. Also, the threshold may be adjusted so resistance may be applied at speeds that would normally be acceptable to have the seat belt 24 unfastened when the vehicle 20 is operated at these speeds too often.

Abstract: A monitoring method for monitoring a seat status for an aircraft. A seat occupancy status of a seat element is measured by a seat occupancy sensor, and the fastening status of the seat element is measured by a fastening sensor. The seat occupancy status and the fasting status are transmitted to a monitoring device. The monitoring device automatically generates a warning signal if a combination of a predetermined occupancy status and a predetermined fastening status occurs.

Abstract: A belt lock for a seat belt equipped with a locking mechanism that is arranged in a belt lock housing. The locking mechanism has a component that changes its location from a first end position into a second end position and detects a locking status. In the actuation of the locking mechanism, the component that changes its location interacts with the detector of the locking status. The locking status is detected by an electromechanical switch that is arranged in the vicinity of the component that changes its location and can be actuated upon its movement from the first into the second end position.

Abstract: To provide with a seat belt warning apparatus capable of stopping the operation of a buzzer, for example, when a passenger has moved from a rear seat to another seat, such as a front passenger's seat, and fastens the seat belt, the seat belt warning apparatus outputs a notice when the number of seats where seat belts are fastened except a driver's seat is reduced, and stops the output of the notice when the number of seats where the seat belts are fastened except the driver's seat is equal to or more than that when the notice is output.

Abstract: A belt lock for a seat belt that has a locking mechanism that is arranged in a belt lock housing. The locking mechanism includes a component that changes location from a first end position into a second end position when the locking mechanism is actuated, and in doing so interacts with a status detector. The status detector is designed as an electrical switching system. The component that changes location is a mandrel that can be moved axially when the locking mechanism is actuated and that is provided with an electrically conductive contact region and forms a component of the electrical switching system.

Abstract: A passenger detection system includes a satellite sensor circuit; and a master determination unit. The satellite sensor circuit includes an antenna electrode which is provided in at least one of a seating face or a back face of a seat; and an electric field generation unit which generates an electric field around the antenna electrode, and generates a current signal based on the electric field. The master determination unit includes a current detection unit which detects a variation of the current signal; and a control unit which determines a sitting situation of a passenger by comparing signal data with threshold data, the signal data being related to a current signal which flows based on the electric field which is obtained from the current detection unit and which is generated at the antenna electrode, the threshold data being related to the sitting situation of the passenger. The satellite sensor circuit and the master determination unit are connected via a power supply line and a ground line.

Abstract: A system for detecting a passenger in a rear seating row of a vehicle and alerting an occupant of a vehicle when a passenger safety device in a rear row is not properly used. Occupancy is determined by sensing any actuation of a switch or control in the rear row along with detecting sounds made by the rear row passenger. A processor receives control activity signals indicating that a control has been actuated, receives audio signals generated by a microphone, and uses the control activity signals and the audio signals in combination to determine that the passenger is present. The processor also receives a status signal from the passenger safety device indicating that it is not in proper use. An occupant alerting device provides an alert to the occupant if the processor determines that the passenger is present and the passenger safety device is not in proper use.

Abstract: An indication system (10) for a vehicle (11) includes a radio frequency circuit (12) with a transponder (84) and an in-vehicle RF tagged element (18). The transponder (84) transmits a status request signal. A first radio frequency identification tag (84) is coupled to the in-vehicle RF tagged element (18). The tag (84) inductively generates a current status signal associated with the in-vehicle element (18) and in response to the status request signal. A method of tracking, identifying, and determining the presence and status of an in-vehicle RF tagged element (18) includes transmitting a status request signal. The status request signal is inductively received via multiple radio frequency identification tags (84, 86) that are associated with the in-vehicle RF tagged element (18). A current status signal is transmitted from the radio frequency identification tags (84, 86). An in-vehicle task is performed in response to the current status signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for a vehicle is provided comprising a first seat occupant detector, a first seat belt buckled sensor, and a seat belt warning device. The seat belt warning device may be configured to communicate with the first seat occupant detector and the first seat belt buckled sensor. The seat belt warning device may be programmed to cause an audible warning when the first seat occupant detector detects the presence of an individual in a first seat of the vehicle and the first seat belt buckled sensor detects that a first seat belt corresponding to the first seat is not buckled. The apparatus may include a first seat belt contacting seat sensor, wherein the first seat belt contacting seat sensor may determine if the first seat belt is in contact with the first seat.

Abstract: A system and method for notifying primary and second drivers about a status of a safety restraint in a vehicle is provided. A primary and secondary keys are adapted to be associated to the primary and secondary drivers. A key ignition device is positioned on each of the primary key and secondary keys. The key ignition device is adapted to generate driver status signals indicative of whether the driver the primary driver or the secondary driver. A controller is adapted to determine whether the driver of the vehicle is the primary driver or the secondary driver based on the driver status signals. The controller is further adapted to generate restraint status signals indicative of the status of the safety restraint. The controller is further adapted to selectively control the operation of generating the restraint signals based on whether the driver of the vehicle is the primary or secondary driver.

Abstract: A wireless seatbelt monitoring system and method is provided for informing a driver that a seatbelt that should be latched is unlatched. The system includes a wireless seatbelt assembly having a buckle equipped with a piezoelectric element and a transmitter. The transmitter sends a wireless seatbelt status signal when the seatbelt assembly is buckled by harvesting energy during the insertion process. The wireless seatbelt status signal is transmitted to a dedicated repeater module, which retransmits the wireless seatbelt status signal to a receiver. Based upon the wireless seatbelt status signal, the system informs the driver of the status of the seatbelt assemblies audibly, visually, or both.

Abstract: A child restraint warning system configured to be secured to a child seat/carrier having a base, a seat detachably connected to the base, where the child seat/carrier includes a harness configured to be releasably secured with a latch. When the seat is secured on the base a seat position sensor sends a signal to a control unit positioned on the back of the seat. The control unit is switched into an active status for detecting an unlocked condition of the harness latch. A first series of audible warning signals is produced by the control unit if the latch remains unlocked for a pre-determined period of time. If the latch continues to be in an unlocked condition after the first series of warning signals the control unit generates a second series of signals, which can be spoken messages pre-programmed by the user.

Abstract: An occupant sensor with a complex arrangement of antenna or a simple single antenna determines a charge or discharge characteristic of the antenna. By determining the change in voltage or current of the antenna as a function of time, any occupant may be detected or characterized. The sensor restricts air bag activation or is used for another purpose. The same or different occupant sensor is used for seat belt warnings. A seat belt latch sensor determines whether a seat belt is being used. The occupant sensor determines whether the seat belt should be used. A driver is warned when a seat belt should be used by an occupant, but is not.