Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for cooking a food cooked by contact, characterized in that the apparatus is made to transmit information to a user after a period of time during which the food is heated by the resistor(s) has elapsed, said period of time depending on at least one value of the internal cooking temperature of the food, which is pre-stored in a memory of the apparatus at the factory prior to the first operational use thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring an environmental parameter. A system includes a sensing cable configured to produce a triboelectric signal along at least one conductor of the cable and an electrostatic voltmeter coupled to the sensing cable and configured to provide an output signal responsive to the triboelectric signal. A conversion module is configured to convert the output signal to one or more parameter values indicative of the environmental parameter, and an interface provides a usable representation of the parameter value. The environmental parameter monitored may exemplarily be temperature monitored by the sensing cable as a thermally expandable/contractible semi-rigid coaxial cable, or the monitored environmental parameter may exemplary be vibration, movement, or force monitored by the sensing cable as a deformable coaxial cable.

Abstract: Provided is a cooking apparatus, preferably including a plurality of heating plates for contact cooking. The cooking time is determined by selecting a desired degree of cooking of the food. After estimating the surface area occupied by the food on one of the heating plates, said cooking time is calculated on the basis of the desired degree of cooking, the thickness of the food, and the surface area occupied by the food.

Abstract: Provided are a temperature sensor using a metal-insulator transition (MIT) device subject to abrupt MIT at a specific temperature and an alarm including the temperature sensor. The abrupt MIT device includes an abrupt MIT thin film and at least two electrode thin films that contacts the abrupt MIT thin film. The abrupt MIT device generates abrupt metal-insulator transition at a specific transition temperature. The alarm includes a temperature sensor comprising an abrupt MIT device, and an alarm signaling device serially connected to the temperature sensor. Accordingly, the alarm can be manufactured to have a simple circuit and be of a small size by including the temperature sensor using an abrupt MIT device.

Abstract: A method and a circuit is disclosed that facilitates identifying a remote end and optionally an intermediate location of an installed cable, such as a cable for carrying data, without the need to disconnect the cable. One or more circuits may be connected across two wires along the length of a cable. Each circuit includes a power connector, a switching circuit and an indicator, such as a light emitting diode (LED), connected across the two wires included in a cable. The circuit is configured such that the indicator in each circuit connected to the two wires is illuminated in responsive to a nominal DC voltage applied to the power connector in any circuits connected across the two wires without disrupting any data being carried thereby. In one embodiment of the invention, the circuit is directly into a cable connector. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the circuit is configured to be retrofit in the field for use with existing cables.

Abstract: A thermoelectric connector module (C) is disclosed which comprises input (2) and output (1E) connectors and contains signal conditioning circuitry (1C). The input connectors (2) are interfaced with a hand-held detector (7), and the output connectors (1E) are connected to signal-utilising apparatus (11). The module does not contain a battery but receives its power supply for the conditioning circuitry from the signal-utilising apparatus supplied via the output connectors (1E). In this way, the module may be miniaturised, making it particularly suitable for mounting directly on a hand-held temperature detector or probe. Since the connector does not have to be opened for a battery replacement, it can be permanently hermetically sealed, providing resistance to dirt, dust, moisture, water and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a temperature of a structure, comprising: one or more electrically conductive loops adapted to be affixed to the structure, each including first and second elongate connection strips each made of a first metal composition having a first melting point, and a temperature sensitive band connected between the first and second connection strips and made of a second metal composition having a second melting point less than the first melting point. The apparatus further comprises a monitor, connected to respective ends of the first and second connection strips spaced-apart from the temperature sensitive band, configured to detect an open-circuit in the one or more electrically conductive loops caused when the temperature sensitive band separates from either of the connection strips.

Abstract: A back drafting alarm assembly is designed to detect back drafting in combustion fired appliances. The assembly includes a temperature sensor unit that is attached to the diverter bonnet of a water heater or furnace to measure the temperature at all times. The sensor is connected to an alarm assembly that sounds an alarm when the temperature of the bonnet reaches or exceeds 130 degrees F. for a predetermined time period. The preferred time period is three (3) minutes. The alarm assembly also includes a reset button to shut off the alarm and a test button to make certain that the device functions when installed. A microprocessor provides the additional capability to record the total number of excursion events over a longer monitoring period. The alarm operates on direct current from a battery, or standard 110 volts AC with a suitable AC/DC transformer. A battery backup feature provides uninterrupted power when using 110 volts AC as a power source.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing fluid distribution. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a fluid detection network is used to assess the fluid distribution of a fluid collection article having a plurality of tested regions. Each tested region of the fluid collection article is serviced by the fluid detection network. The fluid detection network is configured to indicate a fluid distribution of the fluid collection article. According to another aspect of the disclosure, a monitoring subsystem assesses a fluid distribution of a test area serviced by a fluid detection network, wherein the fluid detection network has a net characteristic indicative of the fluid distribution of the test area.

Abstract: A system and method for assessing fluid distribution. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a fluid detection network is used to assess the fluid distribution of a fluid collection article having a plurality of tested regions. Each tested region of the fluid collection article is serviced by the fluid detection network. The fluid detection network is configured to indicate a fluid distribution of the fluid collection article. According to another aspect of the disclosure, a monitoring subsystem assesses a fluid distribution of a test area serviced by a fluid detection network, wherein the fluid detection network has a net characteristic indicative of the fluid distribution of the test area.

Abstract: An analog flame sense circuit is provided that utilizes the flame rectification method of sensing flame. The circuit uses an AC voltage source and discrete components to provide the sensing of the flame current. Either a single-pole or a two-pole filter may be used to smooth the generated sense voltage. A DC bias is provided to the filter to ensure a positive voltage. The circuit also includes a high-gain, high-impedance amplifier to translate the high impedance voltage of the sensing portion of the circuit to a relatively low impedance voltage for use by an electronic control circuit. In one embodiment, a high-gain emitter-follower amplifier constructed from two bi-polar junction transistors (BJTs) is used. An integrated Darlington configuration may be used, as well as a single BJT having a high gain, and an integrated operational amplifier.

Abstract: An incipient failure indication apparatus for an environmental control system which includes a heat exchanger through which air flows and a temperature control thermostat. The indication apparatus includes an indicator having an alarm in communication with a control board, the control board in communication with the thermostat. The alarm has a visual indicator and/or an aural indicator, whereby the attention of a person is attracted to the indicator upon activation of the alarm. A first temperature sensor is disposed on the upstream side of the heat exchanger and a second temperature sensor is disposed on the downstream side of the heat exchanger, whereby the temperature sensors respectively sense the temperature of the air upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger. The first and second temperature sensors are in communication with the control board, and the control board has means for comparing the temperatures sensed thereby.

Abstract: A fire event detection system includes a programmable logic circuit which evaluates electrical resistance input data and energizes an alarm upon programmed conditions. The system includes a temperature sensitive polymeric tape spanning between a pair of conductors connected to the circuit. The conductors and tape define a plurality of notches for redirecting current transversely across the tape between the for enhancing responsiveness to a temperature increase at a particular location along the tape. The circuit energizes the alarm if the resistance data indicates a temperature greater than a predetermined critical temperature parameter or if the data indicates a temperature rate of rise greater than a critical rate of rise parameter. The tape may include notched and unnotched portions such that the circuit energizes the alarm if the rate of rise at a particular location is greater than the rate of rise of the tape as a whole.

Abstract: A synthetic fiber cable, preferably of polyamide material, consists of a bundle of load-bearing synthetic material fibers and at least one conductive temperature sensor element extending a length of the cable. The temperature sensor element forms, in dependence on the temperature, a conductive connection over the length of the cable, which connection is constantly monitored by a measurement circuit. The connection is interrupted at a checking circuit in the case of temperatures critical for the synthetic fiber cable. The temperature sensor element can be a fine wire melting at the critical temperature. The synthetic fiber cable can be used in elevator installations amongst other things as a safety device, especially as a fire alarm.

Abstract: An incipient failure indication apparatus for an environmental control system which includes a heat exchanger through which air flows and a temperature control thermostat. The indication apparatus includes an indicator having an alarm in communication with a control board, the control board in communication with the thermostat. The alarm has a visual indicator and/or an aural indicator, whereby the attention of a person is attracted to the indicator upon activation of the alarm. A first temperature sensor is disposed on the upstream side of the heat exchanger and a second temperature sensor is disposed on the downstream side of the heat exchanger, whereby the temperature sensors respectively sense the temperature of the air upstream and downstream of the heat exchanger. The first and second temperature sensors are in communication with the control board, and the control board has means for comparing the temperatures sensed thereby.

Abstract: A system coupleable to a heated wafer chuck control system provides an indication that the heated chuck is operating at a temperature outside of a desired operational range. An operational temperature circuit generates an operational temperature limit signal which is reflective of a selected limit for a heated wafer chuck. An input circuit configured for coupling to a heated wafer chuck control system provides a chuck temperature signal which is reflective of the actual measured temperature of the heated chuck. A comparator circuit coupled to the operational temperature circuit and the input circuit compares the limit signal to the chuck temperature signal and provides an output signal for generating a humanly-perceptible indication of the chuck temperature status, and an interlace circuit controls other aspects of the system for turning the chuck OFF. The system includes circuitry for verifying and calibrating the operation of the control board for the heated chuck.

Abstract: A system coupleable to a heated wafer chuck control system provides an indication that the heated wafer chuck is operating at a temperature outside of a desired operational temperature range for the chuck. The system comprises: an operational temperature circuit for generating an operational temperature limit signal. The operational temperature limit signal is reflective of a selected operational temperature limit for a heated wafer chuck. An input circuit configured for coupling to a heated wafer chuck control system provides a chuck temperature signal which is reflective of the actual measured temperature of the heated chuck. A comparator circuit coupled to the operational temperature circuit and the input circuit compares the operational temperature limit signal to the chuck temperature signal and provides an output signal.

Abstract: A chip detector assembly includes a body member with a cylindrical passage for receipt of a chip detector. The chip detector includes a triangular flange which cooperates with a congruent triangular window in the housing to permit the chip detector to engage and lock to the housing in any one of three equally spaced, distinct positions.

Abstract: A vehicle detector for installation on the surface of a multi-lane road, comprising at least a coaxial detector cable provided with a central conductor, a metallic cladding and a filler material between the cladding and the conductor. The coaxial detector cable comprises at least one region which is referred to as the active region and in which the filler material is mechanoelectric, and also comprises at least one adjoining region which is referred to as a neutral region and in which the filler material is neither mechanoelectric nor potentially mechanoelectric.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system for over-heat detection includes a temperature sensing cable, interface unit and termination unit. The interface unit is configured to issue interrogation, communication and power signals to the termination unit through the temperature sensing cable. During normal operation issuance of the interrogation signal results in no reflection pulses, as the signal is dissipated through the termination resistance in the termination unit. When an over-heat, short circuit or open circuit condition exists, a reflected pulse is detected by the interface unit and this information is used to determine the type and location of the condition. The interface unit is also configured to supply power to the termination unit which in turn is stored in the termination unit to power its operations, including setting of the resistor values. The termination unit is used as an instrument of calibration in the subject system.

Abstract: An electronic refrigeration and air conditioner monitor and alarm system monitors air conditioning and refrigeration systems for inefficiencies that waste energy. The device monitors and analyzes the temperatures of the suction line of such systems for variances that indicate malfunctions or abnormal operation of the system. The device provides both an audible and visual alert to warn the end user that the equipment is in need of maintenance and/or repair.

Abstract: An electrical receptacle unit includes at least one receptacle body (3) internally provided with a pair of slotted terminals (4) for insertion of a pair of blades (L) of a load-side electrical plug (P), a thermistor (7) encased in a protective tube (9) outwardly projectable from between the slotted terminals (4) of the receptacle body (3), a coil spring (13) for projecting the thermistor (7) out from the receptacle body (3), a relay (14) for enabling and disabling supply of electric power to the slotted terminals (4), a control circuit (19) which operates the relay (14) to cut off supply of electric power to the slotted terminals (4) when the temperature of the thermistor (7) reaches or exceeds a preset temperature, and a buzzer (23) operated by an output signal produced by the control circuit (19) when the temperature of the thermistor (7) reaches or exceeds the preset temperature.

Abstract: An improved vehicle obstacle detector and alarm system (10) consisting of an obstacle detector assembly (12) and an electronic control unit (40). The assembly (12) includes an impact probe (14) that is attached through a flexible rod (16) to the front end (18A) of a housing (18). The housing includes at its rear end (18B) an acoustic transducer cavity (18D) into which is inserted a piezoelectric acoustic transducer (26) that is attached to the first end (20A) of a coaxial cable (20). The second end of the cable (20) is attached to an female connector (22) that interfaces with a male connector (41) on the electronics control unit (40). When the impact probe (14) encounters an obstacle, a series of mechanical oscillations are produced that are mechanically transmitted through the flexible rod (16), the housing (18) and ultimately to the piezoelectric acoustic transducer (26).

Abstract: An electronic heat detector provides a fire alarm with a rapid rate of rise of temperature. The rate of rise indication is obtained from a comparison of outputs from a first temperature sensor which responds rapidly to environmental temperature, referenced to a second temperature sensor which has an intermediate response between that of the first sensor and an electronics board. The second sensor is positioned within a protuberance from the heat detector housing.

Abstract: A test circuit for testing operation of a liquid level detector. The liquid level detector includes a probe that is placed at a test site. A control circuit monitors changes in capacitance of the probe due to changes in the liquid level at the test site. A test switch grounds an input to the probe which and causes the control circuit to sense an alarm condition. If the detector does not activate an alarm when the test switch is actuated, the detector is not properly functioning and repair or replacement of the level detector is needed.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for sensing and indicating the location of a "hot spot" along a temperature sensing cable utilizes a linear stable voltage feedback loop circuit for maintaining a predetermined magnitude DC voltage across one conductor of a pair of conductors having electrically insulating jacket compositions which become electrically conductive when the temperature at any location along the surface exceeds a predetermined temperature wherein the voltage measurement is a direct indication of the distance from the NEAR END of the temperature sensing cable to the "hot spot".

Abstract: A vehicle obstacle detector (10) that is designed to alert the driver of a motor vehicle that the vehicle has encountered an obstacle. The detector (10) consists of an obstacle detector assembly (12) that includes a front probe (14) having a cavity (14b) that houses a piezoelectric element 14c. The probe (14) is attached to a flexible housing (16) that can be attached by means of a clamp (20) to the curb side of a vehicle or alternatively, the detector can be mounted to a wall (60) of a structure. The probe (14) produces electrical oscillations when the probe touches or scrapes against an obstacle. The oscillations are applied to an electronics control unit (30) that subsequently produces an alarm signal that energizes a visual and/or an audio alarm. The alarm may be located in the cab of a vehicle or on the wall when a wall mounted assembly (12) is employed.

Abstract: A continuous temperature sensing cable formed of a polymer containing conductive and semi-conductive fillers such as polyethylene with carbon black, powdered metals and metal oxides controlled within the range of from about eight percent (8%) to about fifteen percent (15%). The composition is extruded with a pair of elongated substantially parallel conductors which are spaced apart along the longitudinal length of the cable. The conductors are single endedly connected to a control/alarm device for monitoring the continuous length of the temperature sensing cable. The control/alarm device may be a time domain reflectometer TDR for accurate determination of localized discontinuities caused by high temperatures along the length of the temperature sensing cable. Alternatively, a critical voltage may be applied single-endedly to the conductors and serially connected to an audible alarm to detect tunneling conduction when operated at a temperature near the melt temperature of the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fire detection and engine monitoring system of the type which utilizes a pair of elongated thermistor strands extending over substantially the same path to provide redundancy. A resistance of the two thermistor strands are sensed and a resistance difference signal is generated. The resistance signal is monitored for abnormal differences between the two identical thermistor devices which are essentially exposed to the same operation conditions. Such differences are indicative of the deterioration over time of the condition of one of the sensors.

Abstract: A machining fluid temperature deviation alarm device is attached to an electrical discharge machining device which, having a temperature sensor (S1) for machining fluid temperature detection and a cooler (2) for machining fluid cooling, controls the cooler in response to a temperature sensor output signal, thereby controlling the machining fluid temperature within an allowable range. The alarm device employs a second temperature sensor (S2) for determining whether the machining fluid temperature is within a predetermined temperature range set by means of a second setter (5) and encompassing the allowable machining fluid temperature range.

Abstract: An alarm system to be used with safes is disclosed. A housing is provided adapted to be mounted to the exterior of a safe, particularly a personal home or business safe. A heat sensor is mounted to a shaft that extends from the housing into the safe. The shaft is designed to pass through a preexisting hole found on many commercial available safes. The heat sensor is electronically linked with a control system adapted to sound an alarm when more than a preselected temperature is sensed at the heat sensor. A motion sensor is also mounted in the housing to sense when more than a preselected amount of motion is sensed in the safe.

Abstract: A personnel monitoring system includes a tag worn by each monitored person. The tag repeatedly emits digital radio signals, and a predetermined bit in the signal changes with time according to a predetermined pattern. Monitoring apparatus detects the radio signals and sends an absence alarm signal if the signals cease. The monitoring apparatus detects spurious, forged signals which do not replicate the predetermined pattern of variation and provides a forgery alarm signal. The tag may be attached to the person by a strap bearing parallel electrical conductors. Attempts to remove the tag by servering the strap cause electrical contact between the conductors. Such contact triggers a detector, which in turn alters the ratio signal.

Abstract: An automatic temperature monitoring system comprised of a central control circuit and one or more processing circuits connected thereto. Each processing circuit(s) has one or more remote temperature sensing probes connected to remote refrigerating equipment. The processing circuit(s) has switching devices for programming a microprocessor circuit of the processing circuit and for setting high and low limit parameters as well as delay parameters for analyzing current signals generated by each of the remote temperature sensing probes. A display device displays the numerical values of the limit parameters. An access circuit provides access to the stored information signals in the microprocessor and representative of accumulated monitored signals received from the sensing probes on a predetermined periodic basis. An alarm device generates an alarm upon detection of an alarm condition by the microprocessor.

Abstract: Known and novel 4-aryl-4-piperidinecarbinols and heterocyclic analogs are useful as analgesics. Also provided are novel pyrrolidinecarbinols and hexhydroazepine carbinols which are useful as analgesics, antidepressants and, in some cases, as anorectic agents.

Abstract: A fluid temperature monitoring system is characterized by an adjustable variable voltage divider for selecting a desired temperature range, a temperature detector for detecting whether the fluid temperature is above, below, or at the desired range, and a temperature indicator for emitting three different temperature indicating signals in accordance with temperatures above, below, or at the desired temperature range.

Abstract: A device for indicating values which are of interest in hydroculture applications is characterized in that the device includes a tube open at one end thereof and attached to a vessel at another end thereof. A probe including a sensor is disposed proximate the one end of the tube for responding to liquid. An IC connected to the sensor includes an electronic system 12 and an optical or acoustic signal transmitter (15) is connected to the electronic system galvanically or in a wireless manner. This arrangement makes it possible to reliably indicate any absence of liquid and to read the indication with ease.

Abstract: A security system comprising a signal-carrying member and a detector for detecting a change in the resistance of the conductive path surrounding a core of the signal-carrying member. The conductive path comprises inner and outer layers of semi-conductive tape separated by an insulating layer but interconnected at one end. The semi-conductive tape of at least the outer layer is made of fibrous material such as carbon-leaded PTFE such that when a sharp object pierces the outer layer and the insulating layer, semi-conductive fibers are dragged from the outer layer into contact with the inner layer and form a conductive bridge between the layers.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer is mounted under the armpit by utilizing a lower fastening belt which can be put through under the armpit to connect with the upper fastening belt by using Velcro tape so that the clinical thermometer won't be dropped from the measuring position. We also can set an alarm temperature to monitor the temperature change of the patient at any time.

Abstract: A method for monitoring temperature in an enclosed space, especially a means of transportation such as an aircraft is disclosed. The method uses a wire or cable which has, between an inner conductor and an outer conductor, an element made of a material, the resistivity and dielectric permittivity of which vary with temperature. At one end of the cable, a check is made on the product RC of the resistance and the capacitance between the central conductor and the outer conductor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for monitoring the temperature of an implement being brazed to a workpiece. The preferred implement is a polycrystalline diamond composite compact which is brazed to a drill bit or other workpieces. The apparatus comprises an insulated a temperature probe comprising a stiff support rod of predetermined length with a first passageway therethrough. An insulating handle is connected in supporting relationship with the rod and has a second passageway therethrough which communicates with the first passageway. A heat shield is disposed about the handle in the vicinity of its connection with the base portion of the rod. A thermocouple means for generating signals correlative with temperature is disposed at the rod tip and energized from leads extending to an alarm unit.

Abstract: A system, utilizing an analog pulsed signal, is for monitoring the condition of a system, by way of illustration, a multi-circuit electrically heat-traced substrate. The system senses the temperature of the substrate at the end of a heat traced circuit, converts the temperature to a pulsed signal, and drives the pulsed signal along the heat tracing to the control and distribution panel for the heat tracing in direct opposition to the AC which powers the heat tracing. A receiver converts the pulsed signal to a digital temperature read-out. Utilization of an analog pulsed signal enables the system to be used in a multi-circuit system without interference or signal mixing from adjacent circuits.

Abstract: A thermocouple jacket monitor is disclosed. The thermocouple monitor is constructed utilizing an inner jacket and an outer jacket with a replaceable conductive metal strip sandwiched between the inner jacket and a central insulator housing the thermocouple junctions. The conductive metal strip is connected to an alarm circuit in the thermocouple head. When the outer and inner jackets are corroded away by a molten material, such as molten glass, exposing the conductive metal strip to the molten material, the alarm such as a light on the thermocouple head, or the control panel or both, is lit notifying the operator that the thermocouple is damaged and needs to be replaced. If a two-way continuity alarm circuit is utilized, a second alarm light is activated when any portion of the conductive metal strip is corroded to the extent of being separated.

Abstract: A temperature probe is inserted in the stove pipe and connected to the alarm via an electrical conductor. The alarm unit is capable of triggering on either a "high" or a "low" temperature condition. The "high" condition represents the flashpoint of creosote, which is known as the cause of most fires in woodburning stoves. The "low" alarm is set to trigger at a temperature near the minimum required to maintain the fire so as to alert the owner that the stove is about to go out. In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to override this "low" temperature alarm when desired. The present alarm unit also contains a visual display of the current stove pipe temperature to allow the owner to adjust the fire conditions well before a dangerous situation arises.

Abstract: An over temperature sensing system is disclosed that is designed to monitor the temperature in a single or multiwire conductor. The system may be utilized in control cables or in high tension power distribution cables.

Abstract: A heat sensor adapted to be brought into contact at a forward end with a product heated in a microwave oven whose temperature is to be measured comprises an elongate tubular body consisting a protective armor. This body is open at the forward end. A thermally conductive pad is disposed in the body at its open forward end and projects from the body. A heat-sensitive electrical component is incorporated in the pad. A cable extending along the inside of the body connects this component to a temperature measurement electrical circuit. The open forward end of the body and the pad contact the product conjointly.

Abstract: A heat detection system comprised of a length of thermocouple cable positioned proximate to the area to be controlled, said cable having the capacity to detect hot spots or areas, said cable being electrically connected to a plurality of transmitters for generating signals as a function of excessive temperature and/or line break, said transmitters, in turn, being electrically connected to one or more of a plurality of alarms adapted to indicate said excessive temperature and/or line break.

Abstract: An induction heating cooking apparatus contains a cooker main unit (1), comprising a connector (17) attached to an operation part (7) of the cooker main unit (1) in a freely attachable/detachable manner. A probe (13) containing a thermistor therein is coupled to the connector (17). The probe (13) is inserted into the foodstuff to be cooked in a cooking pan (5), and the thermistor detects the temperature thereof. A light emitting device (23) installed in the connector (17) outputs a light signal in response to the output from the thermistor. This light signal is introduced into the cooker main unit (1) through a light transmitting part (25) formed at a bottom part (19) of the connector (17) and another light transmitting part (27) formed in the operation part (7), being received by a light receiving device (29). In response to the output from the light receiving device (29), a driving circuit drives an inverter.

Abstract: An alarm system and method for monitoring the temperature of a liquid contained in a reservoir. The system comprises a temperature sensing probe for sensing the temperature of the liquid. A sensing circuit is associated with the probe to generate a temperature indicating signal representative of the liquid temperature. A calibration circuit is provided for calibrating the temperature signal relative to a reference signal. Converter means is provided to convert the calibrated temperature signal to a binary signal indicative of sensed temperatures of the liquid whereby to feed comparator circuits having preset limit detectors to initiate an alarm signal when the temperature signal exceeds a predetermined value. The comparator circuits also feed a display device to indicate the temperature of the liquid.

Abstract: A fire detector is provided with an electric insulator consisting of short segments of preferably a ceramic pipe disposed end-to-end within the space between an inside cylindrical electrode and cylindrical outside electrode. The inside electrode together with the insulator segments are covered with a thin salt-based layer and are disposed in the interior of the outside electrode so that between the insulator segments and the internal wall of the outside electrode an air space is formed along the length of the detector, whereby the insulator segments each provide a point-type contact between the internal wall of the outside electrode and the thin salt-based layer.

Abstract: A temperature threshold detector (10) comprises a first electrical conductor (11) and a second electrical conductor (12), which are separated by a spacing structure (13). The first and second electrical conductors (11 and 12) are made of metals that are dissimilar from each other in terms of oxidation potentials or thermally generated electromotive force. The spacing structure (13) is made of a material whose electrical resistivity is temperature dependent so that, when exposed to a temperature below a predetermined threshold value, the spacing structure (13) provides electrical isolation between the first and second electrical conductors (11 and 12). However, when exposed to a temperature above the predetermined threshold value, the spacing structure (13) enables an electromotive force to develop across the first and second conductors (11 and 12). This electromotive force is indicative of temperature rise above the predetermined threshold.