Abstract: An electronic scanning radar apparatus has a cutting portion for cutting receiving data which is comprised of N numbers of data for each channel into two more short time data having M (<N) numbers of data in a time direction for each channel, an inverse matrix estimator for computing and estimating an inverse matrix of the time series correlation matrix from the short time data, and a phase information producing portion for computing CAPON phase information out of the estimated inverse matrix of the time series correlation matrix in order to detect a distance, an azimuth and a relative speed of a target on the basis o a computed CAPON phase information.

Abstract: According to the invention, IEEE 802.15.4a packets are used for communications, ranging and passive radar (detecting changes/motions, tracking objects in the environment) functionality. Changes and motions in the environment are detected by exploiting the specific preamble structure of the IEEE 802.15.4a packets. A sequence of packets transmitted through an environment is received. Each packet includes a preamble. The preamble in each packet is despread to update a reference multipath profile and to obtain a current multipath profile for a currently received packet. The reference multipath profile is compared with the current multipath profile to detect an object in the environment.

Abstract: System for dynamically tracking a position of a target with an antenna in a communication system. The system includes an antenna system (410) configured for generating a sum and difference antenna pattern (201-1, 201-2). A sum RF channel (401) is coupled to a sum channel output of the antenna system. A difference RF channel (402) is coupled to a difference channel output of the antenna system. An RF coupler (422-1) is provided that has a first input coupled to the sum RF channel and a second input coupled to the RF difference channel. One or more coupling control devices (418-1, 418-2) selectively vary an effective coupling value as between the difference channel and the sum channel. An antenna tracking error signal is generated at an output of the coupler.

Abstract: In an FM-CW radar apparatus which determines the azimuth to a target by a phase monopulse technique, an abnormal value resulting from the presence of multiple targets is detected. Three receiving antennas are arranged at spacings of 5?/4 and 6?/4, respectively, and it is determined whether the difference between the azimuth obtained from the combination of the receiving antennas spaced 5?/4 apart and the azimuth obtained from the combination of the receiving antennas spaced 6?/4 apart is smaller than a predetermined value or not; when the condition has been satisfied n times in succession, it is determined that the detected value is normal. On the other hand, if the condition has not been satisfied n times in succession, or if the difference is not smaller than the predetermined value, it is determined that the detected value is an abnormal value resulting from the presence of multiple targets.

Abstract: A sensor system on motor vehicles for locating objects in front of the vehicle, wherein at least two sensors, each having a locating depth of at least 50 m, are arranged in such a way on both sides of longitudinal center axis of the vehicle that their locating angular ranges together cover the entire vehicle width as of a first distance d1, and overlap each other as of a second distance d2.

Abstract: There is provided a radar system having an input amplitude correcting function in which even when a large reflection wave exceeding a dynamic range of an A/D converter is inputted, an RCS calculation without a time lag can be executed at high precision, high reliability, and low costs without using power amplification degree control such as an AGC circuit or the like. Harmonic peaks of each target peak of an FFT-processed frequency spectrum are detected. When the harmonics are detected, it is determined that the large reflection wave exceeding the dynamic range of the A/D converter has been inputted, and a lost input amplitude is corrected in accordance with a correction table showing a relation between the harmonic order and an input amplitude correction amount which have previously been recorded.

Abstract: This invention allows personnel located on two different structures, such as two ships, to continually monitor the separation distance between the two structures, with all of the necessary equipment being located on only one of the structures. This is accomplished using a laser range finder, or other range sensor, to continually measure separation distance and send it electronically to various displays. The displays are positioned and sized such that all involved personnel can view the continually updating separation distances. The invention incorporates displays large enough to be viewed ship-to-ship in direct sunlight, in addition to smaller displays. The displays are dimmable or backlit for night viewing and include a safety feature that turns them off when communication is lost with any range sensor. A strobe on the display helps personnel find where the display has been positioned, such as on a ships gunwale or hand railing.

Abstract: For an angle-resolving antenna system, only two radar sensors are provided including separate transmitting and receiving antennas. The receiving antennas of the two radar sensors are switchable with reference to their main beam direction as well as to their beam width.

Abstract: A method of detecting radar returns and measuring their parameters with or without clutter present and no clutter cancellation employed which includes transmitting at least one pulse; processing the returns surpassing a threshold detected in one range azimuth bin and by processing and separating out the returns based on their different range and azimuth. Another method includes transmission of many pulses and has minimum of one channel return surpassing detected threshold, which is detected in one range Doppler bin. The method also includes processing and thereby separating out the returns based on their different radial velocity and or azimuth and comparing the returns to a database of expected returns and adaptively processing returns that do not correspond to the expected returns. The method identifies the non-corresponding returns as indicative of at least one of clutter, land sea interface, clutter discretes and antenna sidelobe returns each without utilizing clutter cancellation.

Abstract: A signal transformation apparatus capable of performing stable transformation of a signal using a Mechanical switch includes a signal generator which generates a reserve pulse signal in response to an applied sync signal, a signal controller which outputs control signals to change and transform the reserve pulse signal to pulse signals having a predetermined pulse width, and a signal modulator which transforms the reserve pulse signal to the pulse signals having different pulse widths in response to the control signals. The signal modulator includes a switch bank in which a plurality of mechanical switches are connected in parallel, and a transmission line between nodes where the mechanical switches are formed.

Abstract: A vehicular traffic surveillance Doppler radar system and method for use of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises a modulation circuit portion for generating modulated FM signals. An antenna circuit portion transmits the modulated FM signals to a target and receives the reflected modulated FM signals therefrom. A ranging circuit portion performs a quadrature demodulation on the reflected modulated FM signals and determines a range measurement based upon phase angle measurements derived therefrom.

Abstract: A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system having a single phase center antenna is provided, the SAR system including a measurement unit and a tracker unit. The measurement unit is capable of receiving a phase history of a target point scatterer. From the phase history, then, the measurement unit is capable of estimating a ground position, velocity and acceleration of the target to thereby detect the target. The tracker unit, in turn, is capable of updating the ground position, velocity and acceleration of the target to thereby track the target based upon the ground position, velocity and acceleration. In this regard, the tracker unit is capable of updating the ground position, velocity and acceleration using a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A radar apparatus and a radar signal processing method can prevent misdetection even in the case of targets running side by side without an azimuth angle error being varied in accordance with the velocities of the targets. An antenna direction control part controls the direction of an antenna so as to vary the directions of radar beams at the time of observation in up phases and at the time of observation in down phases. An azimuth angle calculation section of a signal processing part calculates azimuth angles in up and down phases, and an azimuth angle determination section of the signal processing part selects an output content of observation data concerning a target to be detected from the amplitude of a difference between the azimuth angles in up and down phase.

Abstract: A real-time signal processing engine robustly detects, localizes, tracks and classifies ground targets based on radar signals from a multistatic radar system. The system differentiates between different targets based on an optimized cost function, which can include the total returned normalized pulse energy. The local transmitters/receivers can communicate with each other via the transmitted radar signals.

Abstract: A vehicle positioning and tracking radar system includes a rotating antenna with a pair of spatially separated transmit feeds for simultaneously transmitting a pair of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) electromagnetic signals having a first polarisation and a pair of spatially separated receive feeds for receiving an electromagnetic signal having a second polarisation, wherein the first and second polarisations are different from one another, such that the transmit feed and receive feed at the rotating antenna are isolated from each other; and a coded modulated transponder receives transmit signals from the rotating antenna with the first polarization and transmits a receive signal to the rotating antenna with the second polarization.

Abstract: Tracking objects by receiving a dataframe from a detection sensor device, the dataframe containing a timestamp and data corresponding to each detected object, generating new observation nodes for each detected object, propagating group track state parameters to obtain posterior observable positions and projecting them onto the received dataframe, generating gates for the posterior observable positions and projecting them onto the received dataframe, determining feasible track node and feasible observation node assignments based on the proximity of the new observation nodes to the gates, updating track node state parameters and corresponding scores, performing a multi-frame resolution algorithm to resolve group track nodes into subtrack nodes, determining a set of feasible composite assignments for composite sets of track nodes and observation nodes, updating track node state parameters and corresponding scores, and determining a selected set of joint assignments based on the feasible composite assignments and

Abstract: In a radar apparatus, a receiving antenna includes a plurality of antenna elements, each receiving, as a reception signal, radio waves emitted into space and reflected off a target object. An analog signal is obtained by downconverting and putting a bandwidth constraint on the reception signal, and is then converted to a digital signal. Based on the digital signal, a signal processing unit detects the bearing of the target object. The signal processing unit performs processing based on outputs of two sets of the antenna elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the passage by a vehicle of a determined point for monitoring on a road, wherein from a remotely situated location a radar beam is transmitted continuously to the point for monitoring, reflections from the transmitted radar beam are received at the remotely situated location, and it is determined from the received reflections that the vehicle is passing the point for monitoring. The radar beam can herein be transmitted at an acute angle to the travel direction of the passing vehicle. The detection can be used to activate a red-light camera, to measure the speed of the vehicle or measure the traffic intensity, without sensors, for instance induction loops, having to be arranged in the road for this purpose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radar device for forming multi-beams in multiple channels from reflected waves of a transmitted wave by using a minimum number of antennas. The device has: antennas used for both transmission and reception A1–A4; transmission/reception switching means 5 of each antenna; a transmitter 2; and a receiver 4 for receiving the reflected waves of the transmitted wave. The ratio of the distance between adjacent antennas A1 and A2 to the distance between adjacent antennas A2 and A3 or A3 and A4 is 1:2. The transmitted signal is transmitted from each of the antennas selected sequentially and the received signal is processed by DBF in a signal processing controller 1, wherein eleven channels can be implemented by using four antennas and a space for six antennas.

Abstract: A target identifying apparatus identifies a target from a first signal distribution and includes a calculation section, a target signal identifying section, a subtraction section, and a correction section. The calculation section calculates a quadratic approximate expression in the first signal distribution. The target signal, identifying section identifies a signal contained in the quadratic approximate expression as a single target signal. The subtraction section subtracts a value of the quadratic approximate expression from a value of the first signal distribution to generate a second signal distribution. When the one of the beam angle and the frequency corresponding to a maximum value of the second signal distribution is in a range where the value of the quadratic approximate expression is subtracted or is in a vicinity of the range, the correction section corrects the second signal distribution based on the quadratic approximate expression.

Abstract: A system and corresponding method for the concurrent operation of multiple radar systems on a common frequency and in the same geographical area includes a waveform generator that specifies certain operating parameters for the transmitted radar pulses. In a first instance, the carrier frequency can include an offset for each radar system. In a second instance, complementary codes can be used for the radar pulses such that each radar system operates with a unique code for substantially reducing the cross-talk between the radar systems. In another instance, both carrier frequency offset and complementary coded waveforms can be used to increase the number of radar systems that operate concurrently. Carrier frequency offset can also be used to combat range-wrap by using different carrier frequencies for adjacent radar pulses.

Abstract: An ultra wideband radar system for detecting moving objects comprising an antenna, which may be scanned in at least one dimension, and a signal processor wherein the signal processor includes a scan combiner that combines scan information in accordance with a candidate trajectory for the moving object. Scans may be combined by integration or filtering. A fast calculation method is described wherein the scans are combined into subsets and subsets are shifted in accordance with the candidate trajectory before further combination. A method is described wherein a region is scanned with an ultra wideband radar, the scan information is combined in accordance with an expected trajectory to enhance the object signal to noise. Further features are described wherein the scan information is combined according to a family of trajectories. A trajectory yielding a potential object detection initiates a further scan combination step wherein the family of trajectories is further resolved.

Abstract: A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to one mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch provided on the input side of the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the IF signal in the different modes for supply to said mixer. A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to another mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch for turning on and off a local signal to be supplied to the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the local signal in the different modes for supply to the mixer.

Abstract: In a radar apparatus for automobiles for transmitting a radio wave, receiving a radio wave reflected from an object and measuring a rate of the object, a digital signal processor has at least two operation modes, a normal operation mode and a low energy consumption mode, and has a function of switching between the operation modes of the digital signal processor in accordance with a signal supplied from a counter (judgement unit) for judging whether a received signal satisfies predetermined conditions. The radar apparatus can reduce consumption power when necessary.

Abstract: A lock controller has main apparatus provided to a lockable door and a detector for detecting an approaching or retreating target object. The detector includes an oscillator device for generating a transmission wave, a branching device for branching the transmission wave, a transmission device for transmitting the transmission wave into space as electromagnetic waves, a reception device for receiving the transmission wave reflected by the target object, a mixer for mixing a reception signal received by the reception device and a branched signal branched by the branching device to output a mixed signal, and a judging device for switching on a detection output indicating the target object approaching and retreating based on an increase and a decrease of the mixed signal outputted from the mixer. A detection distance is set within ¼ wavelength of frequency effective for the detection.

Abstract: Provided are an intruding object detecting apparatus (a radio wave sensor) capable of setting an arbitrary detection region, an apparatus for setting the detection region and a setting processe. An intruding object detecting apparatus 51 is installed in a corner of a room 53, a coordinate system is defined in which a location of the intruding object detecting apparatus 51 is an origin thereof, and coordinates are a distance r from the intruding object detecting apparatus and a scanning angle ? of a transmission antenna/reception antenna of the intruding object detecting apparatus, and a state corresponding to the coordinate system is stored (b) in a storage means; thereby enabling the detection region 52 of the intruding object detecting apparatus can be arbitrarily set. Moreover, the setting can be performed with ease using a reflector or a transmitter, or alternatively, using a setting apparatus constituted of the reflector and the transmitter, combined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining range of a radar target is provided. Signal samples based on returns of a target during tracking are processed to produce a wideband envelope range estimate for components of target motion. The components of target motion include precession and spin motion. Ambiguous phase values are measured. An unambiguous phase value indicative of range is produced from the wideband envelope range estimate and measured ambiguous phase values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating elevation angle when using a broad search beam such as a cosecant-squared beam is provided. The range of a target detected during a search with a broad beam covering a broad angular search area is determined. Based on the determined range, consecutive beams are transmitted at increasing search elevation angles in the broad angular search area. Echo signals of the consecutive beams are used to determine an elevation angle estimate for the target.

Abstract: A first Kalman filter estimates true measures of yaw rate and vehicle speed from associated noisy measures thereof generated by respective sensors in a host vehicle, and a second Kalman filter estimates therefrom parameters of a clothoid model of road curvature. Measures of range, range rate, and azimuth angle from a target state estimation subsystem, e.g. a radar system, are processed by an extended Kalman filter to provide an unconstrained estimate of the state of a target vehicle. Associated road constrained target state estimates are generated for one or more roadway lanes, and are compared—either individually or in combination—with the unconstrained estimate. If a constrained target state estimate corresponds to the unconstrained estimate, then the state of the target vehicle is generated by fusing the unconstrained and constrained estimates; and otherwise is given by the unconstrained estimate alone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a passive radar receiver with an array of antennas for a OFDM received signal comprising frames of symbols each emitted on coded orthogonal carriers. After formatting received signals into digital symbols, dummy signals from dummy OFDM emitters at different distances from and in different directions relative to the receiver are generated and added to the signals picked up by the antennas. The modified received signals are filtered by means of inverse covariance matrices in order to eliminate at least unwanted zero Doppler effect signals and to provide an isotropic reception diagram without blind sector of direct path being generated and by detecting mobile targets along the direct path.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly determining the source of an incoming projectile applies controlled, active RF energy source(s) to illuminate a target area/projectile, and exploits Doppler induced frequency shifts from multiple receivers to develop a vector solution. The preferred solution applies continuous wave (CW) RF illuminators to flood a local region with a controlled source of radio frequency energy and one or more displaced receiver elements. The system operates multi-statically and as an incoming projectile enters the illuminated region, reflected energy from one or more illuminators is detected by one or more displaced RF receivers. Doppler shifts imparted on the reflected signals are detected by the receivers as the projectile moves through the region. Appropriate processing of the receiver outputs generates Doppler time-frequency profiles that are used to derive an estimate of the projectile flight vector in 3-space (x,y,z).

Abstract: A method for determining position and velocity of targets from signals scattered by the targets using a first and a second station each including a transmitter/receiver of electromagnetic or acoustic signals. First, mono-static measurements are carried out from each station, and also a bi-static measurement between the stations. The two mono-static measurements are used to calculate a number of target candidates with 2-dimensional position and 2-dimensional velocity. These target candidates are tested against the result of the bi-static measurement and the target candidates which are found in all measurements with suitable error margins are retained.

Abstract: A method of detecting moving objects and of estimating their velocity and position in SAR images includes the steps of generating a sequence of single-look SAR images which have the same polarization, are successive in time, and have a look center frequency which varies from one image to the next; detecting candidates for moving objects in the single-look SAR images of the sequence by searching for regions with a course of intensity that deviates from the environment; estimating the velocity of the detected candidates; and verifying the detected candidates as moving objects. The estimation of one or more velocity components of a detected candidate takes place jointly with the estimation of one or more position components of the candidate.

Abstract: A radar device having means for generating a carrier-frequency signal, means for shaping pulses, means for generating modulated radar pulses from the carrier-frequency signal, means for emitting modulated signals as radar pulses, means for receiving radar pulses and means for processing the received radar pulses. The means for receiving the radar pulses have an array including a plurality of antennas, the means for processing the radar pulses have means for dividing the signal power over at least two different reception branches. Means are provided for generating different directional characteristics in the various reception branches.

Abstract: A reflected energy detecting device includes a transmitter for transmitting an electromagnetic signal and a receiver for receiving a reflected electromagnetic signal. An antenna may be operatively connected with the transmitter and the receiver for radiating the electromagnetic signal and capturing the reflected electromagnetic signal and the antenna may be movable. A main controller may be provided for controlling operation of the transmitter and the receiver and the movement of the antenna and the reflected energy detecting device may further include at least one platform. The at least one platform may support a remote reflector that is dimensioned and configured to redirect the transmitted electromagnetic signal in a desired direction and a platform controller that is configured to communicate with the main controller and to maintain alignment between the remote reflector and the antenna.

Abstract: A sensor front end that is able to discriminate objects based on their range from the sensor and to derive bearing information therefrom. The sensor system may include a signal source for generating source signal; an antenna system for transmitting the source signal to and receiving a reflected signal from the object; wherein the antenna system is configured for introducing a phase shift into either the source signal or the reflected signal to create a plurality of signal patterns; and an information processor programmed to receive the reflected signal and to determine bearing information for the object based on position and phase information in the plurality of signal patterns.

Abstract: A vehicle radar system extracts peak frequencies fbu and fbd of respective beat signals B1 to B9 representing the frequency difference between a transmission signal fs and a plurality of received signals fr1 to fr9. The phase difference of respective beat signals B1 to B9 at the peak frequencies fbu and fbd is converted into a frequency signal. In the case of reflection from a close range road surface or raindrops, the phase difference of each beat signal is irregular. The peak frequency intensity of a converted frequency signal is small. This system compares the peak frequency intensity of the converted frequency signal with predetermined criterion intensity. Then, the system identifies an objective with a close range road surface or raindrops when the peak frequency intensity of the converted frequency signal is not larger than the predetermined criterion intensity.

Abstract: An automobile radar which serves to provide data for cruise control or other systems in a host vehicle, comprising means for measuring radar boresight misalignment by detecting the presence of apparent variations in the spacing of stationary objects from the direction of motion of the host vehicle and utilizing such detection to compensate for any misalignment.

Abstract: A method, used in locating a mobile transmitter, includes providing a set of cross-correlation values, wherein each cross-correlation value is associated with a corresponding TDOA and/or FDOA estimate and is produced by cross-correlating a reference signal with a cooperating signal. The reference signal comprises a copy of a signal transmitted by the mobile transmitter as received at a first antenna and the cooperating signal comprises a copy of the same signal as received at a second antenna. The method further includes determining a most likely range of TDOA and/or FDOA estimates, and then identifying an optimal cross-correlation value within a subset of cross-correlation values corresponding to the most likely range of TDOA and/or FDOA estimates. The TDOA and/or FDOA value corresponding to the optimal cross-correlation value is then employed in calculating the location of the mobile transmitter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus which receives a transmitted signal reflected from an object by switching between a plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of antennas are divided into a plurality of groups, and at least one of the plurality of antennas contained in each of the groups is a common antenna.

Abstract: In the on-vehicle radar apparatus of the present invention, the vertical scanning width of the radar beam is narrowed, before the horizontal scanning, thereby avoiding unnecessary data processing and improving the data processing efficiently. Further, the S/N ratio of the target detection signal is increased, thereby stabilizing the distance detection and its accuracy. The vertical scanning antenna is a single travelling wave excitation antenna (TWEA) constructed by a plurality of antenna elements. At the same time, the horizontal scanning antenna is a multi-channel antenna wherein a plurality of TWEAs is assigned to a plurality of horizontal directions. The horizontal scanning angle is arbitrarily widened by increasing the number of TWEAs.

Abstract: A lock controller has main apparatus provided to a lockable door and a detector for detecting an approaching or retreating target object. The detector includes an oscillator device for generating a transmission wave, a branching device for branching the transmission wave, a transmission device for transmitting the transmission wave into space as electromagnetic waves, a reception device for receiving the transmission wave reflected by the target object, a mixer for mixing a reception signal received by the reception device and a branched signal branched by the branching device to output a mixed signal, and a judging device for switching on a detection output indicating the target object approaching and retreating based on an increase and a decrease of the mixed signal outputted from the mixer. A detection distance is set within ¼ wavelength of frequency effective for the detection.

Abstract: The invention concerns a passive radar receiver with an array of antennas for a OFDM received signal comprising frames of symbols each emitted on coded orthogonal carriers. After formatting received signals into digital symbols, dummy signals from dummy OFDM emitters at different distances from and in different directions relative to the receiver are generated and added to the signals picked up by the antennas. The modified received signals are filtered by means of inverse covariance matrices in order to eliminate at least unwanted zero Doppler effect signals and to provide an isotropic reception diagram without blind sector of direct path being generated and by detecting mobile targets along the direct path.

Abstract: A radar is provided which transmits a radar wave whose frequency is so modulated as to rise, fall, and be kept constant cyclically. The radar uses beat signals produced by the radar wave and radar echoes received by two antennas to produce radar data on a target. When it is impossible to pair frequency peaks of the beat signals in a modulated frequency-rising and -falling ranges, the radar determines that the frequency peaks have arisen from different objects so that they overlap each other and uses frequency peaks of the beat signals in a constant modulated frequency range to acquire the radar data.

Abstract: An average power value of a peak pair corresponding to a subjective target objective is converted into a radar cross section, to calculate a normalized average power value NP and a standard deviation DP representing a temporal dispersion of a power difference between peak pairs. When the value NP is larger than an automotive vehicle discriminating threshold THnp, the attribute of the subjective target objective is set to “automotive vehicle.” When the value NP is not larger than the threshold THnp and the deviation DP is larger than a human objective discriminating threshold THdp, the attribute of the subjective target objective is set to “non-vehicle objective: human objective.” Furthermore, when the value NP is not larger than the threshold THnp and the deviation DP is not larger than the threshold THdp, the attribute of the subjective target objective is set to “non-vehicle objective: non-human.

Abstract: A radar system achieves adjustment of a time-change characteristic of a frequency-modulating voltage signal to a voltage-controlled oscillator for determining a transmitting signal such that the time-change characteristic of the frequency-modulating voltage signal is changed by a minute amount and the frequency spectrum of a beat signal is determined. The adjustment is performed so that the shape of a bulge in signal intensity included in the frequency spectrum is the sharpest.

Abstract: A path in three-dimensions for an object in flight is determined according to a radar signal reflected by the object. The radar signal is transmitted at an offset angle from horizontal sufficient to capture the object within the transmitted radar signal. The transmitted radar signal is reflected by the object to form a reflected radar signal containing an indication of a position of the object. The reflected radar signal is received and used to determine two-dimensional position information for the object by detection of the indication of the position of the object in the received radar signal. Position information is derived in three-dimensions from the position information in two-dimensions. The path information representative of the path for the object is obtained from the position information in three-dimensions based on an optimization of a curvature of said path information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus equipped with a function for detecting an FM-AM conversion noise peak. When the direction of radiation is swept, any peak whose level remains substantially unchanged is judged to be a peak due to FM-AM conversion noise. Further, when FM modulation is stopped, any peak appearing in a region not lower than 50 kHz is judged to be a noise peak.

Abstract: Emitter target range and heading are estimated from bearing measurements enhancing bearings-only estimator convergence to a target track, and permitting optimization of an observer position relative to the target at the end of the total bearing measurement period. One or more estimates of the target range, speed and heading made from bearing measurements before an observer maneuver are used to determine the most appropriate observer maneuver giving complete bearings-only target-motion-analysis observability. A set of parameters characterizing a set of potential emitter signal sources is generated based on measured emitter characteristics. A most probable set of emitter platforms is identified and the emitter operating mode and corresponding platform set are associated with a kinematic regime set. A specific speed or discrete set of speeds best adapted to a set of all possible platform missions, emitter speed as a continuous function of emitter range, and emitter range are all determined.

Abstract: In a radar apparatus for automobiles for transmitting a radio wave, receiving a radio wave reflected from an object and measuring a rate of the object, a digital signal processor has at least two operation modes, a normal operation mode and a low energy consumption mode, and has a function of switching between the operation modes of the digital signal processor in accordance with a signal supplied from a counter (judgement unit) for judging whether a received signal satisfies predetermined conditions. The radar apparatus can reduce consumption power when necessary.