Abstract: Disclosed are a system, method, and program storage device implementing the method, of data fusion, wherein the method comprises determining pre-launch data affecting a flight of a self-sensing air-bursting ballistic projectile, the projectile comprising a plurality of independent data sensors; predicting a trajectory path of the projectile based on a target location of the projectile; calculating trajectory path errors based on the predicted trajectory path; generating in-flight data from each of the data sensors; combining the in-flight data into a single time-series output using a fusion filter; tracking a trajectory position of the projectile based on the single time-series output, pre-launch data, and the trajectory path errors; comparing the tracked trajectory path with the predicted trajectory path; analyzing the in-flight data to gauge successful navigation of the projectile to the target location; and self-guiding the projectile to the target location based on the trajectory position.

Abstract: A portable apparatus and a method for inserting digitized previously recorded or fabricated radio frequency (RF) pulse descriptor word (PDW) data files into an electronic surveillance (ES) system to realistically simulate a complex RF environment. The apparatus includes a personal computer and an electronics unit configured for easy integration into an ES system between the receiver and pulse processor. PDW data files are created on the personal computer and transmitted to the electronics unit as supplied PDW data. In the primary embodiment, real RF pulse data from the receiver is halted in the electronics unit and supplied PDW data and data from the receiver unrelated to PDW data, is passed in a continuous stream to the pulse processor. In a secondary embodiment, an upgrade in the electronics unit multiplexes both real RF pulse data and supplied PDW data for transmission to the pulse processor.

Abstract: The present information comprises the stages of: applying frequency analysis to positional information on a platform, generating virtual positional information on the platform based on a frequency analysis result; extracting a signal based on the generated virtual positional information; and performing a synthetic aperture processing based on the extracted signal, and in this manner, even if the positional information lacking in precision and inaccurate is used, the shake compensation of the platform in the synthetic aperture processing system can be effectively performed.

Abstract: A method for reducing angular blur in radar pictures achieved in range bin based detection systems includes measuring a variable S(x, y) such as amplitude or power as a function of an angle x and a distance y. An expression: corrected angular position=angular position+angle correction is determined in each range bin for a plurality of angular values x. The term “angle correction” includes derivative(s) of first or higher order of the variable S(x). The variable measured at the angular position “angular position” is moved to the variable in the angular position “corrected angular position”, and the moved variable and the variable in “corrected angular position” are processed by adding or maximizing the values.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electric wave axis adjusting apparatus for an on-vehicle radar capable of readily and precisely adjusting an electric wave axis only by making the scanning range and a detection range identical to each other and changing a scanning range, and of adjusting the electric wave axis of an on-vehicle radar without wasting time in order to detect a reflector.

Abstract: A target identification and tracking system includes a carrier vehicle and one or more tracking vehicles. The carrier vehicle may determine an aimpoint of a target from a high resolution image of the target and may generate an offset from a tracking point to the aimpoint. The offset may be conveyed to an assigned tracking vehicle for tracking the tracking point of the target while navigating toward the aimpoint of the target. The tracking point may be the target's centroid. The carrier vehicle may employ a high-resolution LIDAR imaging system to identify the aimpoint from a target's features; while the tracking vehicle may employ a lower resolution optical imaging system for tracking the target's tracking point. The carrier vehicle may correct the offset for parallax and the offset may be revised as the tracking vehicle approaches the target.

Abstract: A technique for boresighting an antenna mounted on a moving platform is described. The technique uses a concurrently moving calibration target. Target navigation data and platform navigation data are used to compensate for movement of the target and the platform. The antenna pointing direction is biased in a direction which provides a best signal quality, and the bias used to determine antenna boresight calibration factors. The boresight correction factors can be used for open loop pointing.

Abstract: The present invention provides that a monopulse radar system to correct an amplitude error and a phase error developed between receiving channels and improve the accuracy of a detected angle. A part of a transmit signal is supplied to respective channels on the receiving side through a signal transmission line for calibration. At this time, the gains of a variable phase shifter and a variable gain amplifier are adjusted so that an azimuth angle of a pseudo target, based on a signal for calibration, which is calculated by signal processing means, reaches a predetermined angle. In the monopulse radar system of the present invention, calibration work is simplified and an angular correction can be automated. The present monopulse radar system of the present invention is capable of coping even with variations in characteristic after product shipment due to environmental variations and time variations in parts characteristic.

Abstract: A radar equipment of the present invention amplifies a reception signal with feedback based on the delay amount obtained from the correlation detection result. Accordingly, it becomes possible to maintain the reception signal (demodulated signal) level to a proper level depending on the distance to the target, and accurate measurement can be achieved with high precision. Namely, the reception signal is amplified depending on the distance to the target, and the reception signal level is made within a tolerable input level range of a logic circuit for performing correlation calculation. In particular, during tracking the target, even when a reflected signal is received with abrupt level variation caused by noise or a reflected signal from an object other than the target, incorrect detection of the target can be avoided by disabling the correlation calculation.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus has transmitter illuminating a selected surface with a radar beam footprint, and processor for profiling/processing the radar returns so as to derive attitude information in real time about a number of predefined axes associated with the radar which depends upon the relative dispositions of the radar, the selected surface and upon the radar beam footprint characteristics. A plurality of transmit beams image the surface and the processing arrangement has the capability of determining roll, pitch and/or yaw pointing data associated with the radar, such pointing data being determined by derivation of the attitude information and by selective input of terrain elevation data so as to take account of variations in the radar viewing geometry with terrain elevation. This provides a low cost advantage over known radar designs, and retains utility for many applications, for example spaceborne and airborne applications.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating direction of arrival of signal is provided that has excellent performance in terms of angular resolution and the number of signals that can be identified. In an array sensor comprising a plurality of sensor elements, the two outermost sensor elements are alternately selected by a switch for use as a transmitting sensor, and the other sensor elements are selected in time division fashion as receiving sensors. With this arrangement, the effective aperture is increased to about twice the physical aperture, to improve angular resolution in a direction-of-arrival estimator.

Abstract: An anechoic chamber (100) is provided with a system for introducing wireless communication signals into the anechoic chamber (100) for establishing wireless signaling with equipment under test (122), without interfering with signals from the equipment under test (122) that are to be measured in the anechoic chamber (100). The system comprises a low reflection cross-section cable (236) that extends through the chamber (100) to a weakly radiating small antenna (242, 502) that is positioned proximate the equipment under test (122).

Abstract: Occurrence of interference is detected using sampled amplitude data obtained by oversampling a beat signal. It is detected by comparing the absolute value (|VD|) of variation in the sampled data with a threshold value (TH). When interference occurs, a wideband signal is superposed on the beat signal, and this disturbs the signal waveform of the beat signal to drastically varies its amplitude. Therefore, occurrence of interference can be detected without fail regardless of the scheme on which a radar as the source of an interference wave is based and even when the amplitude of the interference wave is low. In addition, when low-frequency noise is superposed on the beat signal, erroneous detection of occurrence of interference can be prevented.

Abstract: A FM-CW radar system comprises a frequency modulated continuous wave digital generator that produces both in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs to orthogonally oriented transmitter antennas. A linearly polarized beam is output from a switched antenna array that allows a variety of I-and-Q pairs of bowtie antennas to be alternately connected to the transmitter and receiver. The receiver inputs I-and-Q signals from another bowtie antenna in the array and mixes these with samples from the transmitter. Such synchronous detection produces I-and-Q beat frequency products that are sampled by dual analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). The digital samples receive four kinds of compensation, including frequency-and-phase, wiring delay, and fast Fourier transform (FFT). The compensated samples are then digitally converted by an FFT-unit into time-domain signals. Such can then be processed conventionally for range information to the target that has returned the FM-CW echo signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for an analysis tool for analysis of the sensor performance of a system of sensors, which method comprises analytical calculation of a sensor system's measurement characteristics at each point in a given geographical area. The method comprises obtaining performance parameters from N sensors that are in the system. The method is characterized in that a set of analytical performance parameters for the system is calculated by the performance parameters being fused irrespective of the different measurement characteristics of the sensors in the system with regard to the given performance parameters and in that the analytical parameters are used in the analysis of the performance of the sensor system. The invention also relates to a device for use of the method and to the use of the method and the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods enable numerically creating a flat field in a compact radar range with a curved reflector, and without use of a separate phased array of elements, at frequencies lower than those that are possible with currently known, reflector-only compact radar ranges. A compact radar range is calibrated to enable weighting factors to be computed. The weighting factors may be computed by performing an optimization algorithm. The weighting factors are used to weight separate target signals sequentially returned from a target zone such that, when combined, a numerically composite measurement has a substantially constant magnitude across the target zone.

Abstract: A radar device (2) includes plural transmission antennas and plural reception antennas. The reception antennas constitute a reception-side antenna portion (20) and are arranged at an interval of d. The transmission antennas constitute a transmission-side antenna portion (18) and are arranged at an interval of d?=d×(n?1). The path length at which the electric wave is reflected from a target is identical between channels A9 and B1, and seventeen kinds of channels (A1 to A8, A9 or B1, B2 to B9) which are different in path length by every fixed distance are achieved. The data of the channels (A1 to A9 and B1 to B9) using different transmission antennas are respectively collected in different measuring cycles, and an error based on the time difference between the measuring cycles is corrected on the basis of a correction value calculated from the data of the channels A9, B1.

Abstract: A system for generating a simulated radar return signal. The novel system includes a processor adapted to receive target and waveform parameters and in accordance therewith generate a composite digital signal, and a digital to analog converter adapted to convert the digital signal to an analog signal. The system also includes an upconverter adapted to convert the analog signal to radio frequency. The processor calculates time-domain digital data samples representing a composite radar return waveform based on the target and waveform parameters. These data samples are output at each time interval that the digital to analog converter samples data. The composite waveform can include returns from a large number of targets and from targets embedded in clutter. The system can also be adapted to test a radar system having multiple antenna ports by replicating the basic design for each port.

Abstract: An altitude measuring system is described that includes a radar altimeter configured to measure altitude and a digital terrain map database. The database includes data relating to terrain elevation and at least one data parameter relating to an accuracy of the terrain elevation data and the altitude measured by the radar altimeter. The system is configured to weigh an altitude derived from the terrain elevation data and the radar altimeter measurements according to the at least one data parameter.

Abstract: A portable, handheld electronic navigation device includes an altimeter and a GPS unit. An internal memory stores cartographic data, for displaying the cartographic data on a display of the navigation device. Accordingly, the device is capable of displaying cartographic data surrounding a location of the unit as determined by GPS and altitude information as determined by the barometric altimeter and GPS. The device provides an enhancement of the calibration and hence the accuracy of barometric altimeter measurements with the aid of derived altitudes from a GPS. The device is able to determine the need for calibration and perform the subsequent computations necessary to facilitate the calibration. Furthermore, the device is able to determine a correction quantity that should be applied to barometric altitude readings, thereby allowing the device to be calibrated while in motion. Both of these features ultimately result in a more accurate determination of altitude.

Abstract: Frequency calibration of a bi-static type of radar system is performed by positioning radar transmitter and receiver in spaced relation to each other over a targeted seawater surface from which radar radiation along a forward radiation scattering path is reflected toward the receiver while radar energy is also radiated along a direct path to the receiver by-passing the seawater during sequential frequency measurement tests to determine a frequency diffraction factor. A radiation blocking barrier is positioned by a floating support at a reflection location at an angular position on the seawater surface for intersection by the forward scattering path to block reflection of radar energy radiation toward the receiver during one of the measurement tests.

Abstract: A design methodology for jointly optimizing the transmit waveform and receiver filter for multiple target identification is presented in presence of transmit signal dependent clutter like interference and noise. The methodology is applied and illustrated for various multiple ‘target ID’ problems in presence of transmit signal dependent clutter like interference and noise. The resulting correct target classification is significantly better than that achieved by a conventional chirp or any other transmit waveform. Unlike the classical radar case, the choice of transmit pulse shape can be critically important for the detection of extended targets in presence of additive channel noise and signal-dependent clutter.

Abstract: Provided is a bistatic and multistatic system for detecting and identifying a target in close proximity to an orbiting satellite. An electromagnetic fence is established to surround the satellite, using a ground-based communication uplink from a gateway antenna. A contact or breach of the electromagnetic fence by the target is detected by the satellite, or at other sensor locations, and an exact position, range and ISAR image of the target is calculated using scattered RF energy from the fence. Identification data is transmitted to satellite system monitors, whereby the data is used to decide on a corrective course of action.

Abstract: A traffic alert and collision and avoidance system (TCAS) is disclosed. The TCAS comprises a first transponder and a first interrogator associated with a first aircraft. The first transponder sends an interrogation request. The TCAS also comprises a second transponder associated with a second aircraft. The second transponder responds to the interrogation request. The response comprises enhanced surveillance data that was asked for in the request.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for generating calibration signals for calibrating spatially remote signal branches of antenna systems. In accordance with the invention, a base signal is generated by mean of a timer and is fed to a distributor unit for distribution of the base signal to amplifier circuits on the signal distribution lines respectively allocated to them. At the output of the amplifier circuits, a calibration signal is generated respectively via amplification of the base signal within a specifiable upper amplitude limit and a specifiable lower amplitude limit, which is fed to the respective feed-in point of the signal branch to be calibrated that is allocated to an amplifier circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phase calibration method for inserting a calibration signal (SC) into main signals (SM1 to SMn) of a plurality of branches in turn, estimating the phase characteristic of an analog circuit to which a respective one of the main signals is input and calibrating the phase of each main signal. The method includes steps of outputting a first combined signal obtained by combining output signals from the analog circuits (62a to 62n) in all branches, outputting a second combined signal obtained by combining the main signals in all branches, extracting the calibration signal by removing the second combined signal from the first combined signal in a calibration signal extracting unit (64), estimating the phase characteristics of the analog circuits, to which the main signals having the inserted calibration signal are input, based upon a change in phase of the calibration signal, and subjecting the main signals to phase adjustment having characteristics that are opposite the phase characteristics.

Abstract: An altitude measuring system and method for aircraft is provided. The altitude measuring system includes altitude sensors for providing data to an altitude processing unit. The altitude processing unit spatially averages each output to determine a mean altitude. Pitch and roll are accounted for by correction. A method of determining aircraft altitude from a plurality of altitude sensors includes receiving altitude sensor data from each sensor and spatially averaging the altitude sensor outputs to determine aircraft altitude. A method of estimating the maximum height of an ocean surface includes receiving a plurality of altitude sensor data and determining a mathematical description of the ocean surface from the sensor data. The maximum probable wave height of the ocean surface is estimated from the mathematical description. From the maximum wave height, a cruise altitude may be determined.

Abstract: The systems and methods according to this invention disclose that coverage for an ad hoc sensor network is fundamental to the deployment and utilization of such networks. The invention provides a method which characterizes the coverage of an ad hoc sensor network by defining a sensing field over the space within which the physical phenomenon of interest occurs. Its value at any given point reflects the ability of the sensor network to estimate the phenomenon and/or event, of interest at this point. A statistical method is presented to determine such a field based on sensor layouts and sensor models. The system and methods of the invention define well monitored regions and sensor holes, information that can be used to characterize the quality of service that the network provides for different applications. A graphical user interface may be provided to display this information to the user for monitoring in health management of the network.

Abstract: A test apparatus for a waveguide that senses levels in a container. The test apparatus includes a bridge with a test position where the bridge bridges the waveguide to simulate a simulated level. The bridge also has a storage position. The test apparatus also has an actuator coupled to the bridge that moves the bridge between the test and storage positions.

Abstract: Reception antenna elements are formed so that the reception beam axis in the vertical direction of at least one reception antenna element of a transmission/reception unit is displaced from the reception beam axes of the other antenna elements. Therefore, the amplitude (intensity) of the reception signals of the reception antennas which are caused by a target is different from the amplitude (intensity) of the reception signal of the reception antenna element, and the amplitude difference is varied depending on the orientations of the reception beam axes in the vertical direction of the reception antenna elements. Accordingly, the amplitude difference when the reception beam axes of the reception antenna elements are correctly oriented to a desired direction is measured in advance, and the amplitude difference thus measured is set as a target amplitude difference, whereby the mount angle of the transmission/reception unit can be easily and accurately adjusted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radar device mounted on a moving object that moves along a continuous plane, having (1) a transceiver part for transmitting a signal having a main lobe in the direction of the movement of the moving object and a side lobe directed towards the continuous plane, that receives a first reflection signal from a target in the direction of the main lobe and a second reflection signal from the continuous plane in the direction of the side lobe, and (2) control processing means for detecting the frequency of a beat signal of the second reflection signal received by the transceiver part and the signal emitted by the transceiver part and for detecting information correlated to the attitude of the radar device with respect to the continuous plane based on that frequency. This enables detection of changes of mounting attitude for the moving object without requiring additional hardware.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating a vehicular traffic surveillance Doppler radar are disclosed. In one embodiment, a modulation circuit portion generates double-modulated FM signals. An antenna circuit portion transmits the double-modulated FM signals to a target and receives reflected double-modulated FM signals therefrom. A calibration circuit portion responds to the reflected double-modulated FM signals by sending a calibration signal to the modulation circuit. The calibration signal is indicative of a relationship between a first range measurement derived from phase angle measurements associated with the reflected double-modulated FM signals and a second range measurement derived from speed and time measurements associated with the reflected double-modulated FM signals.

Abstract: An exemplary radar system includes a waveform generator that generates a control waveform. An in-phase and quadrature modulator receives the control waveform from the waveform generator and in turn generates a waveform output that is amplified by a power amplifier before being transmitted from an antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radar unit and provides a radar angle correction method for correcting an error in a radar angle caused by the front cover of an antenna. The radar angle correction method comprises the steps of: measuring a peak power of a beam received from a reference target at each of a plurality of radar angles; plotting a theoretical quadratic curve whose beam width corresponds to a value specified for the radar and whose peak indicates an average of peak values; adopting a difference between a theoretical value indicated by the theoretical quadratic curve and a received beam power as a correction value with which the received beam is corrected; and subtracting the correction value from the received beam power.

Abstract: A fill level measuring device for measuring a fill level of a fill substance in a container and a method for fill level measurement using this fill level measuring device are provided. The fill level measuring device can perform fill level measurements upon re-start immediately on its own and reliably, and includes: at least one antenna, which issues transmitted signals (S) and receives echo signals (E); a signal processor, which serves for deriving from the received echo signals (E) an echo function containing the amplitudes (A) of the echo signals (E) as a function of travel time; a memory for storing data in a table whose columns serve for storing the echo functions in the columns in a sequence which corresponds to the fill levels associated with the individual echo functions; and an evaluation unit, which accesses the table for determining the fill level.

Abstract: A design methodology for jointly optimizing the transmit waveform and receiver filter for multiple target identification is presented in presence of transmit signal dependent clutter like interference and noise. The methodology is applied and illustrated for various multiple ‘target ID’ problems in presence of transmit signal dependent clutter like interference and noise. The resulting correct target classification is significantly better than that achieved by a conventional chirp or any other transmit waveform. Unlike the classical radar case, the choice of transmit pulse shape can be critically important for the detection of extended targets in presence of additive channel noise and signal-dependent clutter.

Abstract: The synthesizer and method provide a relatively wideband swept frequency signal and include generating a first swept frequency signal with a first generator, and successively switching between different frequency signals with a second generator. Such switching creates undesired phase discontinuities in the output swept frequency signal. The first swept frequency signal is combined with the successively switched different frequency signals to produce the relatively wideband swept frequency signal, and the second generator is calibrated to reduce the undesired phase discontinuities during switching based upon the output swept frequency signal.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product that performs self-calibration of pulse-compression radar signals. The system includes an antenna, a receiver, a transmitter, and a radar signal processor. Under normal (non-calibration) operation the radar transmitter generates a pulse compression waveform and transmits it via the antenna. Any reflections from this waveform are detected by the same antenna and processed by the receiver. The received radar signal then undergoes pulse compression followed by more mode-specific processing (windshear, weather, ground map, etc.) by the radar processor. During calibration, the radar transmitter generates a similar pulse compression waveform (i.e., calibration pulses), but the calibration pulses bypass the antenna and go directly to the receiver via a “calibration path” built into the hardware. The resulting calibration pulses are used to generate a calibration filter.

Abstract: Calibrating an antenna includes receiving a signal sent from a reference located within a region. The signal has a polarization within an expected polarization range. Polarization value sets are established in accordance with the expected polarization range. Polarization ratios are generated from the plurality of polarization value sets. A minimum polarization ratio variance for the plurality of polarization ratios is established. A polarization value set corresponding to the minimum polarization ratio variance is identified. A calibration correction is determined in accordance with the identified polarization value set.

Abstract: A millimeter wave pulsed radar system includes a radar synthesizer having a voltage controlled oscillator/phase locked loop (VCO/PLL) circuit, direct digital synthesizer (DDS) circuit and quadrature modulator circuit that are operative to generate an intermediate frequency local oscillator signal (IF/LO signal). A radar transceiver is operative with the radar synthesizer for receiving the IF/LO signal. A transmitter section has a frequency multiplier that multiplies the IF/LO signal up to a millimeter wave (MMW) radar signal and a receiver section and includes a direct conversion mixer that receives a MMW radar signal and the IF/LO signal to produce I/Q baseband signals that are later digitized and processed.

Abstract: A method for equalizing and decoding an error-protected data signal transmitted via a radio channel is described. According to the method, an equalized data signal is calculated at the receiving end in a demodulator with a first channel estimator. The equalized data signal is decoded by a decoder to determine a decoded output signal. The equalized data signal is transmitted to a second channel estimator, which repeatedly detects second channel parameters of the radio channel. The parameters are transmitted to the decoder which uses them as calculation parameters during decoding.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detecting emitter signals and for determining a scan strategy for a receiver system that receives such emitter signals. However, it is possible that the scan strategy is not realizable because of capacity constraints within the receiver system itself. One embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting and correcting such a situation.

Abstract: A transmission-reception apparatus includes a transmission section, a reception section, a transmission control section, a signal detection section, and an operation determination section. The transmission section transmits a signal to a surrounding space. The reception section receives the signal from the surrounding space. The transmission control section controls the transmission section to transmit the signal in a pulse shape. The signal detection section detects level of the signal received by the reception section. The operation determination section determines as to whether or not a timing at which the level of the received signal exceeds a first determination level is within a first time period on the basis of detection result and a timing at which the transmission control section controls the transmission section to transmit the signal in the pulse shape, to determine as to whether or not the transmission section and the reception section operate normally.

Abstract: A system and method for performing in-orbit alignment calibration using on-board attitude sensors to improve reflector alignment after deployment to improve spacecraft pointing.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for operating a radar sensor system with a number of adjacent individual sensors (3, 4, 5, 6), extensively synchronized with one another, for determining the position of a target object (15) are proposed. In one measurement cycle, the transit time of the radar signal emitted from one individual sensor and reflected by the target object to this individual sensor (3, 4, 5, 6) (direct echo (13, 14)) and to a different individual sensor (3, 4, 5, 6) (cross echo (16)) is evaluated. From the evaluation of the direct and cross echoes (13, 14, 16), at least the position of the target object (15) is determined, and a detection quality signal (Q) is ascertained, and once a predetermined amount of the detection quality signal (Q) is reached for a target object (15), a calibration is performed.

Abstract: A base station receives a signal resulting from multiplexing a communication signal spread using a signal-specific spreading code and sent by mobile station apparatus and a calibration (CAL) signal spread using a signal-specific spreading code and sent for each unit frame for a predetermined time by a CAL radio signal generator in a same frequency band. An A/D conversion/despreading section and an A/D conversion/despreading section extract the communication signal and CAL signal from the received signal. A calibration processing section carries out calibration processing using the CAL signal in parallel with a communication using the communication signal. An array combining/signal processing section carries out demodulation processing on the communication signal using the calibration processing result.

Abstract: Estimating an antenna pointing error includes receiving a signal sent from a reference located within a region. A polarization ratio is evaluated over the region. A minimum polarization ratio variance for the polarization ratio is established. A location corresponding to the minimum polarization ratio variance is identified. An antenna pointing error is estimated from the identified location.

Abstract: A system for correcting the effect of radome aberration on line-of-sight signals indicating target position. The aberration is in fact dependent upon both operating frequency and ‘angle-of-look’ and the essence of the present invention is to separate the corrections appropriate to each of these factors. The apparent line-of-sight signals are subjected to a frequency dependent amplification the result being used to address a store of error correction data. The apparent line of sight signals are also used to address a second store of error correction data and the two sets of correction data are added into the apparent line-of-sight signals to give true line-of-sight.

Abstract: A radar apparatus for a vehicle includes a casing, a correction member, and a selection indication. The casing includes a functional portion, which performs searching, and a reference surface. The correction member includes a plurality of correction surfaces. The selection indication indicates which one of the correction surfaces and the reference surface an attachment-direction adjustor is to be placed on during an attachment operation of the radar apparatus to the vehicle.

Abstract: Techniques for simultaneous measurement of multiple array elements of an array antenna. The array is illuminated with a coherent signal source, and each array element phase shifter is cycled through a range of phase shifter settings at a unique rate. The phase shifted signals from each array element are combined to provide a composite signal. The composite signal is processed to extract the phase of the coherent source signal as received at each element. The phase information is used to determine the location of the elements relative to each other.