Abstract: A method for supporting positioning of a vehicle using a satellite positioning system is disclosed. The method includes generating, in real-time, a sliding window map (SWM) based on 3D point clouds from a 3D LiDAR sensor and an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), wherein the SWM provides an environment description for detecting and correcting a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reception; accumulating the 3D point clouds from previous frames into the SWM for enhancing a field of view (FOV) of the 3D LiDAR sensor; receiving global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements from satellites, by a GNSS receiver; detecting NLOS reception from the GNSS measurements using the SWM; correcting the NLOS reception by NLOS remodeling when a reflection point is not found in the SWM; and estimating a GNSS positioning by a least-squares algorithm. It is the objective to provide a method that mitigates NLOS caused by both static buildings and dynamic objects.

Abstract: A method of determining an integer ambiguity search space includes: obtaining, at an apparatus, a code phase measurement of a satellite vehicle signal comprising a pseudorandom noise code and a carrier signal; obtaining, at the apparatus, spatial information corresponding to a wireless terrestrial signal transferred between the apparatus and a terrestrial base station; determining, at the apparatus, a satellite positioning system carrier phase integer ambiguity search space based on the code phase measurement; and constraining a size of the satellite positioning system carrier phase integer ambiguity search space based on the spatial information.

Abstract: A mobile device may be configured to improve measurement of carrier phase (CP) in received satellite signals for satellite positioning system (SPS) operations. For example, this may enable an SPS receiver to measure CP of at least a first positioning signal and a second positioning signal each received from the same satellite vehicle. A corrected CP of the first positioning signal may be estimated based on the measured CP of the first positioning signal and on the measured CP of the second positioning signal.

Abstract: Techniques are provided which may be implemented using various methods and/or apparatuses in a vehicle to determine location relative to a roadside unit (RSU) or other nearby point of reference. Vehicles within a pre-designated range or within broadcast distance or otherwise geographically proximate to a roadside unit, through the use of broadcast or other messages sent by the vehicles and/or the RSU may share carrier GNSS phase measurement data, wherein the shared GNSS carrier phase measurement data may be utilized to control and coordinate vehicle movements, velocity and/or position by the RSU and/or to determine location of each vehicle relative to the RSU and/or to other vehicles or determine the absolute location of each vehicle. An RSU may coordinate vehicle access to an intersection, manage vehicle speeds and coordinate or control vehicle actions such as slowing, stopping, and changing lanes or sending a vehicle to a particular location.

Abstract: A device may use Precise Point Positioning (PPP) correction information to generate Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction information that can be sent to other devices for RTK-based positioning. In particular, according to some embodiments, the first device having access to PPP correction information may obtain the PPP correction information and generate RTK correction information by determining a virtual RTK base station location and generating, based on the PPP correction information, a virtual Multi-Constellation Multi-Frequency (MCMF) measurement corresponding to the determined virtual RTK base station location. This virtual MCMF measurement (and/or data derived therefrom) can then be sent to other devices as RTK correction information.

Abstract: A system jointly estimates states of GNSS receivers moving in a region using measurements of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The system clusters the GNSS receivers into different clusters subject to a constraint on an upper bound on each cluster and executes a set of probabilistic filters corresponding to the set of clusters to estimate the states of GNSS receivers in each cluster. Each probabilistic filter estimates the states of the GNSS receivers in a corresponding cluster by fusing the GNSS data collected from the GNSS receivers in the cluster to jointly reduce an estimation error of each of the GNSS receivers in the cluster. The DES updates the cluster assignments based on a measure of estimation error in the states of different GNSS receivers in different clusters.

Abstract: Described are methods, systems, and devices for determining position using Differential Global Navigation Satellite (DGNSS) measurements. Techniques described herein involve taking carrier phase measurements at a reference station or other GNSS receiver at a known location, and combining the carrier phase measurements with pseudorange measurements taken at the reference station to resolve carrier phase ambiguity and to, in combination with pseudorange measurements taken at a mobile device, obtain a differentially corrected measurement that can be used to estimate a position of the mobile device. The differentially corrected measurement can be a double differential measurement based on signals from a pair of GNSS satellites.

Abstract: A first pair of a wide-lane (WL), zero-difference (ZD) bias filter and corresponding supplemental WL bias predictive filter determines the time-variant wide-lane bias for a corresponding satellite based on adaptive estimation responsive to tuned dynamic noise provided by the supplemental wide-lane bias predictive filter for each satellite. A second pair of narrow-lane (NL), zero-difference (ZD) bias filter and corresponding NL bias filter/code-phase bias filter determines the time-variant narrow-lane bias (e.g., refraction corrected (NL) code-phase bias) for a corresponding satellite based on adaptive estimation on adaptive estimation responsive to tuned dynamic noise within a narrow-lane bias/code-phase bias filter for each satellite. The electronic data processor of a data processing center is configured to provide a correction signal comprising the wide-lane ambiguities, the time-variant wide-lane bias and the narrow-lane ambiguities and the time-variant narrow lane bias.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique that can provide one or more countermeasures against spoofers. A beamformer can control an antenna pattern of a CRPA to generate a survey beam. The survey beam is swept across space to determine a characteristic signature based on carrier-to-noise ratios (C/No) for particular space vehicle signals. Matching C/No signatures can be used to identify the existence of spoofers and invoke a countermeasure, such as nulling.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the relative position of a mobile device in relation to other devices or objects in an operational space. The systems and methods operate on a tight fusion of raw data from a number of different sensors such that carrier spaced integer ambiguities can be quickly and accurately resolved, especially in GNSS signal degradation scenarios.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system and computer program product for bit transition enhanced direct position estimation (DPE) from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and includes the reception in a GNSS receiver of signals from multiple, different satellites in multiple satellite constellations adapted for use with the GNSS. The method estimates the GNSS receiver parameters position, velocity, clock bias, clock drift, and optionally and if unknown, the receiver time. The method generates a model of the received GNSS signals that depends on the receiver parameters. Uniquely, the method includes the synchronization of both a primary code and also a secondary code in the received GNSS signal model, in addition to time delays, Doppler shifts, and other relevant parameters for positioning. Finally, if the secondary code of a particular signal is unknown, the method determines the combination of bit transitions that maximizes the optimization problem.

Abstract: A navigation system for a mobile object generates navigation data for the mobile object based on satellite navigation signals received from a plurality of satellites and base data received from a stationary base station. The navigation data includes code phase estimates and carrier phase estimates for the plurality of satellites. The system computes position, velocity and time estimates for the mobile object in accordance with the code phase estimates and carrier phase estimates, and performs a navigation function for the mobile object in accordance with the position, velocity and time estimates. The system generates code phase estimates by performing a Vector Delay Locked Loop (VDLL) computation process that drives a code NCO for each channel of a plurality of channels, and generates carrier phase estimates for the plurality of satellites by performing a RTK Vector Phase Locked Loop computation process that drives a carrier NCO for each channel.

Abstract: A monitoring system using cooperative jamming and spoofing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a spoofing relay to amplify and relay an illegal signal detected from an illegal transmitter according to a preset amplification coefficient, a cooperative jammer to transmit a jamming signal for changing the quality of a communication channel to an illegal receiver with a preset transmit power, and a monitor to calculate the amplification coefficient and the transmit power so that an information monitoring amount is maximum based on the illegal signal received from the spoofing relay.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a single-difference based pre-filter of measurements for use in solution separation framework are provided. In certain embodiments, a navigation system includes at least one receiver configured to receive a plurality of signals transmitted from a plurality of transmitters. The navigation system further includes a processing unit operatively coupled to the navigation system, the processor configured to identify a plurality of measurements associated with the plurality of transmitters. Additionally, executable instructions cause the processing unit to calculate an auxiliary navigation solution based on a calculated single difference between the plurality of measurements; calculate one or more single difference residuals for the auxiliary navigation solution; perform statistical tests on the one or more single difference residuals; and to identify a set of measurements in the plurality of measurements for use in a solution separation method based on the statistical tests.

Abstract: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver for processing satellite signals with integer cross ambiguity resolution. The receiver includes an antenna assembly receiving signals from a set of GNSS satellites. The receiver includes a transceiver establishing a communication link with a spaced-apart GNSS receiver and receiving data from the spaced-apart GNSS receiver to make up a base station and rover pair performing DD techniques. The receiver includes a processor and a cross ambiguity fixing module provided by the processor executing code to generate an error correction. The receiver includes an estimator provided by the processor executing code to provide a geographical position solution by DD processing the data from the space-apart GNSS receiver and the signals from the set of GNSS satellites along with the error correction, which may provide a search space with more DD ambiguities or may address quarter or half cycle bias between receiver types.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for quickly acquiring a highly reliable integer solution for satellite positioning.

Abstract: A vehicle, for example, an autonomous vehicle receives signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and determines accurate location of the vehicle using the GNSS signal. The vehicle performs localization to determine the location of the vehicle as it drives. The autonomous vehicle uses sensor data and a high definition map to determine an accurate location of the autonomous vehicle. The autonomous vehicle uses accurate location of the vehicle to determine RTK corrections that is used for improving GNSS location estimates at a future location. The RTK corrections may be transmitted to other vehicles.

Abstract: A system and for determining precision navigation solutions decorrelates GPS carrier-phase ambiguities derived from multiple-source GPS information via Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) algorithms. The set of decorrelated floating-point ambiguities is used to compute protection levels and the probability of almost fix (PAF), or the probability that the partial almost-fix solution corresponding to the decorrelated ambiguities is within the region of correctly-fixed or low-error almost-fixed ambiguities. While the PAF remains below threshold and the protection levels remain below alert levels, the optimal navigation solution (floating-point, partial almost-fix, or fully fixed) is generated by fixing the decorrelated ambiguities are one at a time in the LAMBDA domain and replacing the appropriate carrier-phase ambiguities with the corresponding fixed ambiguities, reverting to the last solution if PAF reaches the threshold or if protection levels reach the alert levels.

Abstract: FAST provides a method of “bootstrapping” a pseudo-range (PR) stage and one or more carrier-phase (CP) stages to quickly produce a highly accurate, high integrity receiver-to-receiver lever arm survey based on differential GNSS processing. The lever arm estimates of a previous stage are used to resolve the carrier phase ambiguities of the next stage. The method can be integrated with the warm-up of the integrity monitors to reduce the entire survey and warm-up startup time to 90 minutes or less, which is critical for mobile and make shift and precision approach and (automated) landing operations.

Abstract: Systems and methods of heading determination with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal measurements are provided herein. A pair of antennas may be separated by a known baseline length and mounted on a vehicle. A GNSS receiver may obtain pseudorange and carrier phase measurements for GNSS satellites within view. An LRU may estimate carrier phase ambiguities and a two-dimensional vector, using the known baseline length and a linearized measurement model. The LRU may determine integer ambiguities using the estimated carrier phase ambiguities. The LRU may determine assumed wrong fixes of the integer ambiguities and a probability of almost fixed value. The LRU may store the set of integer ambiguities. The LRU may determine, from accumulated data over measurement epochs, updated integer ambiguities. The LRU may correct the carrier phase measurements using the updated integer ambiguities. The LRU may compute the heading using the corrected carrier phase measurements.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention relate to methods carried out by an NSS receiver and/or a processing entity capable of receiving data therefrom, for estimating parameters derived from NSS signals useful to determine a position, and for generating protection level(s) for an application relying on NSS observations to produce an estimate of said parameters. A float solution is computed using NSS signals observed by the NSS receiver. A best integer ambiguity combination that minimizes an error norm is identified based on the float solution. Additional integer ambiguity combinations are identified, which have the smallest error norms that, together with the error norm of the best integer ambiguity combination, jointly satisfy the integrity risk. A measure of spread of the best and additional integer ambiguity combinations is computed. The protection level(s) is then generated from the measure of spread. Systems and computer programs are also disclosed.

Abstract: The determination of an integer value bias may be performed at high speed. A positioning device, may include a FLOAT solution calculating part and an integer value bias determining part. The FLOAT solution calculating part may use carrier phase differences between carrier phases obtained by a plurality of antennas of a first station and a carrier phase obtained by one or more antennas of a second station provided separately from the first station to calculate a FLOAT solution of a particular position that is a relative position with respect to the second station, without using posture information on the first station. The integer value bias determining part may determine an integer value bias of the carrier phase difference, using the FLOAT solution of the particular position and the posture information on the first station.

Abstract: A system for tracking a state of a GNSS receiver uses a subset of the measurements of satellite signals selected to avoid the need for intermediate integers ambiguity estimate. The system selects the subset of measurements for the state tracking such that each measurement in the selected subset of measurements is formed by a weighted combination of multiple different measurements from the set of measurements. The system uses a probabilistic state estimator that tracks the state of the GNSS receiver using a probabilistic motion model subject to noise and a probabilistic measurement model relating the selected subset of the measurements of satellite signals to the current state of the receiver.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of a motor vehicle includes receiving a first signal containing an absolute position of the motor vehicle, receiving a second signal containing a change in the position of the motor vehicle, generating first position information corresponding to the absolute position from the first signal when the first signal is available, and continued from the second signal according to the change in position when the first signal is not available, generating second position information corresponding to the first position information at the beginning of first time segments and continued over the first time segments from the second signal according to the change in position, and determining an error in the first position information using the second position information.

Abstract: A method of measuring land deformation over time using interferograms derived from synthetic aperture radar data. The method includes: acquiring radar images covering an area at different points in time; deriving interferograms from pairs of the images, each interferogram measuring phase difference between pixels of a respective pair of images; for each pixel of the interferograms: determining an average coherence value over all of the interferograms; and if the average value is less than a threshold, determining an adjusted average coherence value equal to or above the threshold by excluding one or more of the interferograms below the threshold, provided the number of remaining interferograms is not less than a preset minimum number for each pixel of each interferogram for which the average or adjusted average coherence value is above the threshold, deriving vertical movement from the phase difference; and deriving the map of land deformation from the vertical movement.

Abstract: In a case where a first RTK positioning solution is a fixed solution and a second RTK positioning solution is a float solution, a processor estimates a position of a second receiver based on the first RTK positioning solution, inter-antenna distance, and antenna azimuth angle to set an area within a circle with radius centered on the estimated position as a search range. Next, the processor calculates an integer ambiguity within the search range obtained in the RTK calculation as a second RTK positioning solution. Then, the processor outputs the first RTK positioning solution and the second RTK positioning solution as positioning solutions (current coordinates of a moving object).

Abstract: A surveying pole is part of a primary surveying system (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) or a total station). Cameras are mounted to the surveying pole and used for ground tracking as the survey pole is moved from a place where the primary surveying system is unimpeded to an environment where the primary surveying system is impaired (e.g., to a GNSS-impaired environment or to a position that is blocked from view of the total station). Using ground tracking and/or other sensors, surveying can be continued even though the primary surveying system is impaired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing bias impact on GNSS integrity are described herein. In certain embodiments, a method includes determining a phase of travel of a vehicle. The method also includes determining a probability of hazardously misleading information (PHMI) for the corresponding phase of travel. Further, the method includes determining a protection level (PL) using based on the PHMI, wherein the PL is calculated based on a standard deviation of position error plus a standard deviation of bias along an axis of interest. Additionally, the method includes comparing the protection level against an alert limit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method carried out by a navigation satellite system (NSS) receiver or a processing entity receiving data therefrom, for estimating parameters useful to determine a position. The NSS receiver observes NSS signals from NSS satellites over multiple epochs. A filter, called “precise estimator”, is operated, which uses state variables, makes use of NSS signals observed by the NSS receiver, and computes its state variable values based on observations that are not derived from NSS signals observed by the NSS receiver. Seeding information is obtained, and a constrained solution, called “seeding- and ambiguity-constrained solution”, is computed by constraining the ambiguities of the precise estimator by the seeding information, by resolving the resulting ambiguities, and by constraining at least one of the other state variables of the precise estimator by the resolved ambiguities. A corresponding system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A satellite positioning module is provided, including: a receiver configured for receiving satellite signals from a plurality of satellites; and a processor connected to the receiver and configured for: performing an operation based on the satellite signals to obtain an elevation angle standard deviation; performing an operation based on the elevation angle standard deviation to obtain an elevation angle mask value; selecting a satellite signal of a satellite that has an elevation angle greater than the elevation angle mask value based on the satellite signals of the satellites to perform a positioning algorithm; and performing the positioning algorithm to obtain position information. A satellite positioning method is also provided.

Abstract: A control unit is provided for controlling the dumping of a material entity from an implement of a working machine into a receiver. The control unit is adapted to determine a loading operation information including a current loading condition indicative of the distribution of the material that is currently accommodated by the receiver, and material characteristic information comprising one or more properties of the material of the material entity that is present in the implement. The control unit is adapted to, on the basis of the loading operation information, determine a dumping position within the receiver at which dumping position the material entity is to be dumped.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device and a method for allocating physical cell identifier (PCI) of a mobile base station. The device comprises: an acquiring unit configured to acquire location and movement speed of the mobile base station; a determining unit configured to determine a valid time interval for PCI of the mobile base station based on at least one of the location and the movement speed; an information collection unit configured to collect information relating to network configuration within a predetermined range where the mobile base station is located when the valid time interval is expired; and a PCI determining unit configured to determine the PCI of the mobile base station based on the information relating to network configuration within the predetermined range where the mobile base station is located.

Abstract: A method for Real Time Kinematic satellite positioning includes receiving navigation satellite carrier signals, receiving phase correction signals from a reference station, calculating a set of integer phase ambiguities from double-differenced measurements of pseudo-range and phase, and calculating a relative position of the mobile receiver from the set of integer phase ambiguities and the double-differenced measurements of pseudo-range and phase.

Abstract: A method of determining coordinates, including receiving GNSS (global navigation satellite system) signals from at least five satellites, wherein at least two of the five satellites belong to one constellation, and the remaining satellites belong to at least one other constellation; processing the GNSS signals to measure code and phase measurements for each of the satellites and each of the GNSS signals; selecting a subset of the GNSS signals as an optimal set for coordinate calculation, where the selecting is based on Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) relaxation as applied to an optimization of a PDOP (positional dilution of precision) criterion; calculating coordinates of a receiver based on the code and phase measurements of the selected subset; and outputting the calculated coordinates. The total number of signals in the optimal set should not exceed the predefined number of m signals.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a mobile receiver position includes receiving a first and a second set of satellite observations; determining a first and second fixed ambiguity set associated with a first and second transformation respectively; determining cross-validated ambiguities between the first and second fixed ambiguity sets; and determining the mobile receiver position based on at least one of the first or second fixed ambiguity sets.

Abstract: An approach is provided for base station selection for differential positioning. The approach, for example, involves determining a trajectory of a positioning receiver. The positioning receiver provides data for using a differential positioning system to determine location data. The approach also involves selecting one or more locations along the trajectory. The approach further involves scanning a base station network to find one or more base stations for the one or more locations. The one or more base stations provide location correction data for differential positioning. The approach further involves providing a list of the one or more base stations for performing the differential positioning.

Abstract: A position determination system includes communication units that are arranged on the communication subject and perform wireless communication with a terminal, and a position determination unit arranged on the communication subject. The position determination unit obtains received signal strength indicator data of radio waves transmitted on different frequencies between the terminal and each communication unit and determines the position of the terminal relative to the communication subject from the obtained received signal strength indicator data. The received signal strength indicator data is obtained for each communication unit and indicates the received signal strength indicator of each radio wave measured for each frequency. The communication units are respectively arranged on the communication subject in two divided sections obtained by dividing the communication subject along a reference line extending across the communication subject.

Abstract: A plurality of antennas may be arranged at positions non-linear to each other. Processing circuitry may set an initial value of one of an attitude angle and an azimuth angle of an azimuth angle calculating device. An integer value bias of a carrier phase difference between at least two groups of antennas may be determined by using the initial value. A base-line vector between the at least two groups of antennas may be calculated by using the integer value bias corresponding to the group of antennas. A multiple base-line verification may be performed, in which validity of the initial value is verified by using each of the base-line vectors calculated using the integer value bias. An azimuth angle may be calculated by using the integer value bias when the multiple base-line verification is successful.

Abstract: A method for determining positions of a mobile system is disclosed. The method involves receiving, by a receiver of the mobile system, a first set of correction data which is broadcasted from a first transmitter, wherein the first set of correction data comprises Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (D-GNSS) correction data, estimating, using a real-time kinematics (RTK) method, a first position of the mobile system using at least a portion of the first set of correction data, estimating one or more unknown parameters of a precise point positioning (PPP) estimation method based at least on the estimated first position of the mobile system and the first set of correction data, and estimating a second position of the mobile system using the estimated one or more parameters and the PPP estimation method, wherein the second position of the mobile system is different from the first position of the mobile system.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a digital topographical position map in a vehicle comprises a receiver for receiving sensor data that specify different topographical positions of the vehicle, a processor that is designed to take the different topographical positions of the vehicle as a basis for sensing an average topographical position of the vehicle and at least one further topographical position of the vehicle, which differs from the average topographical position, wherein the processor is designed to produce the digital topographical position map on the basis of the average topographical position, and to store the at least one further topographical position in the digital topographical position map.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of communication and discloses a phased array antenna system and a mobile terminal. In the invention, the phased array antenna system includes a first group of antenna unit arrays and a second group of antenna unit arrays, wherein the beam radiated by the first group of antenna unit arrays covers the a first half space, and the beam radiated by the second group of antenna unit arrays covers a second half space, the first half space and the second half space constitutes an omnidirectional space. The phased array antenna system provided by the invention and the mobile terminal achieve the full coverage of the phased array antenna around the mobile terminal, thereby improving the signal sending-receiving efficiency of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a position of a mobile receiver including receiving a set of satellite observations, the set of satellite observations corresponding to a set of satellites; determining a state vector at each of a plurality of filters, wherein each filter determines the respective state vector based on a unique subset of the set of satellite observations; after a convergence criterion is satisfied, determining a converged state vector based on the respective integer ambiguity hypotheses; and determining the position of the mobile resolver based on the converged state vector.

Abstract: A method for Wi-Fi connection and related products are provided. The method includes obtaining X parameters of a target access point (AP), where the X parameters at least include a target service set identifier (SSID) of the target AP, and X is a positive integer. A Wi-Fi scan is performed according to the X parameters. In response to unsuccessful finding of the target AP, according to current network environment information, M Wi-Fi connection records are determined from historical Wi-Fi connection data, where each of the M Wi-Fi connection records contains an AP previously connected by a terminal, and M is a positive integer. A Wi-Fi scan is performed according to the target SSID and SSIDs in the M Wi-Fi connection records.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver and the associated method, for calculating an unbiased position and time measurement from a plurality of satellite positioning signals, the receiver comprising: a plurality of circuits configured to receive positioning signals from a plurality of satellites in GNSS constellations, a plurality of first and second signal processing channels configured for processing a first selection of said positioning signals and determining associated first pseudo ranges, a computer logic, wherein: the computer logic is configured to calculate the unbiased position and time measurement from pseudo ranges being determined from positioning signals originating from distinct satellites. A GNSS receiver further comprising a second computer logic configured to calculate a second unbiased position and time from the first position and time, and the second signal processing signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrity analysis method based on a kinematic-to-kinematic relative positioning scenario, including the following steps: a) establishing a kinematic-to-kinematic relative positioning model, and inputting navigation data; b) calculating a float solution of an integer ambiguity; c) detecting and correcting cycle slips based on a total electron content rate; d) calculating a probability of correct fix and a probability of incorrect fix for the integer ambiguity; e) determining a fault to be detected and a satellite fault probability; 0 calculating a standard deviation ?_(v|CF) and a position domain deviation b_m; and g) calculating an integrity risk value of a carrier phase. The present invention provides an integer ambiguity calculation algorithm for a kinematic-to-kinematic positioning system in the case of a long baseline, to calculate carrier phase integrity.

Abstract: The invention discloses a receiver and a method to process navigation signals from one or more GNSS constellation, wherein an observation model and a measurement model allow a direct calculation of the carrier phase ambiguities. More specifically, in a triple frequency implementation, the receiver calculates in turn the extrawidelane, widelane and narrowlane ambiguities. The code and carrier phase biases can also be directly calculated. Thanks to the invention a quicker acquisition and tracking of a precise position, which will also be less noisy than a prior art solution, especially in some embodiments of the invention using a RAIM and/or a gap-bridging function. Also, code smoothing using the Doppler and low latency clock synchronization allow to decrease the noise levels of the precise point navigation solutions.

Abstract: A method and system that compensates for kinematic accelerations influencing a sensor measurement of working equipment such as an excavator. The method and system identify members of the working equipment that are movable relative to each other (e.g. stick, boom, bucket) and define a co-ordinate frame for each movable member. A kinematic relationship, preferably a kinematic chain. The sensor measurement is then modified according to the kinematic relationships and the relative position of each identified member.

Abstract: A preparation system for surveying operation of the present invention includes a mobile station disposed at a known observation point and a fixed station disposed at an unknown reference point. The preparation system includes an arithmetic step to determine the position coordinate of the unknown reference point based on positioning data received by the mobile station, positioning data received by the fixed station, and a position coordinate of the known observation point, and an assigning step to assign the unknown reference point whose position coordinate is determined as the known reference point.

Abstract: Systems and methods for use in navigating aircraft are provided. The systems can use Geometry Redundant Almost Fixed Solutions (GRAFS) or Geometry Extra Redundant Almost Fixed Solutions (GERAFS) to compute high confidence error bounds for a heading angle estimate or pitch angle derived using signals received on at least two antennas.

Abstract: In some embodiments an apparatus includes a wireless sensor configured to be operatively coupled to a network gateway device that is configured to receive one of a first data packet or a second packet from the wireless sensor. The wireless sensor is configured to send the first data packet at a first time on a first frequency, the first data packet including a payload associated with a value of a measurement that was measured by the wireless sensor. The wireless sensor is configured to send the second data packet at a second time on a second frequency, the second data packet includes a payload associated with the value.