Abstract: Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. Methods comprise transmitting radar signals in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the energy in reflected signals, dynamically generating a threat threshold value from signals received from multiple areas and comparing the energy in the reflected signals corresponding to different areas to the generated threat threshold value. The threat threshold value may be generated by averaging the weighted reflected energy measured from different areas during a single scan of a region including the different areas. The contribution to the threshold from different areas is weighted in some embodiments as a function of the distance from the transmitter and/or receiver to the particular area. Analysis of areas and treating different areas as segments facilitates accurate analysis and display of threat information.

Abstract: A multi-sensor system includes multiple sensors that are integrated onto the same substrate forming a unitary multi-sensor platform that provides a known consistent physical relationship between the multiple sensors. A processor can also be integrated onto the substrate so that data from the multiple sensors can be processed locally by the multi-sensor system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recognizing and identifying objects by means of several sensors, particularly using imaging sensors (L, W, V) in the infrared and/or visible wavelength range and radar devices (R) which are based on the generation of a synthetic aperture. According to the invention, generation of the synthetic aperture occurs in accordance with the ROSAR principle, wherein a plurality of antenna elements (A), which the radar device (R) comprises, is placed on the aircraft (F) along its arched contour (K), controlled sequentially and scanned, and wherein the information acquired by the radar devices (R) and the imaging sensors (L, W, V) is subsequently processed, in such a way that optimal imaging of the surroundings of the aircraft (F) is made possible in every viewing direction.

Abstract: A radar device mounted to a vehicle includes a camera for obtaining images including the road surface in front of or behind the vehicle on which it is mounted, a sensor having for obtaining at least positional information on a target object of detection such as another vehicle in front or behind and a control unit for correcting the direction of the center axis of the sensor based on the image obtained by the camera. The control unit detects a line segment along a lane in which the vehicle is traveling, detects a vector indicative of the direction on a road-fixed coordinate system of the obtained line segment, and controls correction of horizontal and vertical directions of the center axis of the sensor so as to coincide with the direction of the detected vector.

Abstract: A system for the detection and determination of the success of interception of incoming missiles, used in conjunction with a defense weapon system capable of identifying and tracking incoming missiles and interceptors. The system comprises at least one of a plurality of sensing units. Each sensing unit comprises: an optical sensor for detecting optical signals within a predetermined range; tracking means coupled to the optical sensor for tracking an intercepting missile or an incoming missile; processing means for processing optical input detected by the optical sensor and analyzing the optical input to identify an optical signature and determine detonation of interceptor or incoming missile; communicating means for communicating data between the sensing unit and the defense weapon system; and control means for controlling the tracking means, the processing means and the communicating data.

Abstract: Methods and Apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat, and alerting against detected threats, such as individuals wearing or carrying explosive materials and/or weapons, e.g., suicide bombers and other terrorists, at a great enough distance to limit loss of life and destruction of property are disclosed. The methods comprise transmitting a signal in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the detected reflected signal, and comparing the signal level with a threshold indicative of a threat. A monitor is employed to display the threat and attributes of the detected signals. The invention further illuminates the suspicious individual(s) with a Laser illuminator/designator and provides information about the distance to the suspicious individual(s).

Abstract: A system for the detection and determination of the success of interception of incoming missiles, used in conjunction with a defense weapon system capable of identifying and tracking incoming missiles and interceptors. The system comprises at least one of a plurality of sensing units. Each sensing unit comprises: an optical sensor for detecting optical signals within a predetermined range; tracking means coupled to the optical sensor for tracking an intercepting missile or an incoming missile; processing means for processing optical input detected by the optical sensor and analyzing the optical input to identify an optical signature and determine detonation of interceptor or incoming missile; communicating means for communicating data between the sensing unit and the defense weapon system; and control means for controlling the tracking means, the processing means and the communicating data.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors each gather information about a region around the periphery of a motor vehicle. The sensor system is equipped with a radar assembly, an infrared detection assembly, and a visible light detection assembly. A central processing unit integrates data gathered from the three assemblies and combines them to form an aggregate data set of the individual region. The CPU also combines aggregate data sets from all the sensors and displays the information on a dashboard mounted display. The display is an active matrix display that shows contacts relative to the motor vehicle, a level of threat imposed by each individual contact, and a blink rate for color blind applications. The display takes advantage of color active matrix technology, displaying low threats as green sprites, moderate threats as yellow or orange sprites, and severe threats as red sprites.

Abstract: A radar transmitter includes a digital ramp generator circuit for generating a VCO control signal. The ramp generator includes a digital signal processor and a digital-to-analog converter. In one embodiment, the VCO output signal is up-converted to provide the transmit signal and in another embodiment, the VCO operates over the transmit frequency. Also described is a VCO comprising a DR and a phase shifter. A temperature compensation feature includes detecting the transmit frequency and comparing the DSP output generating the detected frequency to a DSP output stored in association with the detected frequency. Also described is a technique for compensating for non-linear VCO operation in which the DSP output words are adjusted to provide a waveform complementary in shape to the non-linear VCO characteristic. Susceptibility of the radar to interference is reduced by randomly varying at least one parameter of the ramp signal, such as offset interval or voltage range, in at least one ramp signal cycle.

Abstract: A mobile surveillance vehicle security system, comprising one or more low profile vehicles equipped with a combination of thermal and radar equipment to provide surveillance of large areas using few assets, extended line-of-sight surveillance, integration with other sensor systems, information sharing, and system survivability of loss of sensors and vehicles.

Abstract: Methods and Apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat, and alerting against detected threats, such as individuals wearing or carrying explosive materials and/or weapons, e.g., suicide bombers and other terrorists, at a great enough distance to limit loss of life and destruction of property are disclosed. The methods comprise transmitting a signal in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the detected reflected signal, and comparing the signal level with a threshold indicative of a threat. A monitor is employed to display the threat and attributes of the detected signals. The invention further illuminates the suspicious individual(s) with a Laser illuminator/designator and provides information about the distance to the suspicious individual(s).

Abstract: The present invention includes a system and method for accurately locating moving targets. The system includes a targeting aircraft that has a radar system with a simultaneous SAR radar/moving target mode that generates an image and identifies moving targets in the generated image. The targeting aircraft also includes a mapping component that matches the generated image to a stored digital map, and generates moving target location information based on the matched image and map and the identified moving targets.

Abstract: A measuring system and method of detecting an object distance by transmission media with different wave velocities are described. The measuring system has a computer, a primary detector and a secondary detector. The primary detector is connected to the computer through bus communication and the secondary detector connected to the primary one through two different transmission media. The primary detector is able to receive separately a first signal and a second signal emitted simultaneously from the secondary detector through the transmission media. Moreover, the first signal has light-speed and the second signal has sound-speed. To calculate the distance between the objects which the primary and the secondary detector are attached respectively. The delay time of second signal and the wave velocity of the supersonic media are multiplied.

Abstract: A system includes a storage medium storing contextual information about a target or target area, and a simulator communicatively coupled to the storage medium and operable to receive the contextual information. The simulator is operable to generate a set of simulated information about the target using the contextual information. The system further includes a sensor operable to collect a set of actual information about the target. A comparator is operable to generate a set of delta information in response to differences between the set of simulated information and the set of actual information. The delta information is transmitted and added to a second set of simulated information to generate a set of information that is substantially similar to the set of actual information.

Abstract: A network, sensor and method are provided that utilize the capabilities of impulse radio technology to help monitor and/or control the environment within a building. In particular, the network includes a sensor attached to a first impulse radio unit that is capable of transmitting an impulse radio signal containing sensor related information to a second impulse radio unit. The second impulse radio unit is attached to a control station that uses the sensor related information (e.g., environmental related information, safety related information or surveillance related information) to monitor and/or control the environment within a building. In one aspect of the present invention, the control system can better control and monitor the environment within the building because the sensor may be moved around within the building and reference impulse radio units may interact with the first impulse radio unit to enable the determination of the current position of the sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and locating leaks in buried pipes is disclosed in which ground penetrating radar, induction, acoustic, and vacuum excavation systems are selected based on soil conditions and then employed in selected combinations. The conductivity and wave speed of the soil are used in the selection process and in the process of detecting and locating a leak based on the measurements obtained from the selected combination of detection systems.

Abstract: An identification friend or foe system for use by a weapon to determine whether a target that has been selected is a friendly target comprises a signal source attached to the target and arranged to radiate encrypted signals. A detection system attached to the weapon includes a receiver arranged to receive the encrypted signals when the weapon is within a predetermined range from the target. Signal processing apparatus is connected to the receiver and arranged to determine whether the encrypted signals identify the target as being friendly. The central processing unit is arranged to decrypt the encrypted signal and produce a disarm signal if the target is identified as being friendly. The central processing unit preferably is also arranged to produce a signal that causes the weapon to perform a collision avoidance maneuver to avoid colliding with the target if the target is identified as being friendly.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting airborne plant material, such as mold spores and pollen, and flying insects and birds, and classifying them as to whether they are harmful to field crops, production animals or other assets within a protected volume or area. Lasers, radar, and other types of radiation may be used to illuminate at least a perimeter around such assets to be protected, with radiation returns detected and applied to a pattern classifier to determine whether the detected objects of interest are harmful, benign or beneficial. In the event the objects are determined to be harmful (pests), a variety of measures controllable via the radiation returns may be taken to eliminate the harmful objects, these measures including firing pulses of laser, microwave or other radiation of a sufficient intensity to at least incapacitate them, or mechanical measures such as controlled drone aircraft to macerate the pests with propellers or spray limited amounts of pesticide in the area of the pests.

Abstract: An antenna system comprises an antenna mounted on a vehicle, an amplifier for amplifying a radio signal received by the antenna, a light emitting part that converts the amplified radio signal into an optical signal and that outputs the optical signal, a fiber-optic cable that is installed in the vehicle and that is used for transmitting the optical signal, and a light receiving part that receives the optical signal transmitted through the fiber-optic cable, converts the optical signal to an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal.

Abstract: A multi-sensor system includes multiple sensors that are integrated onto the same substrate forming a unitary multi-sensor platform that provides a known consistent physical relationship between the multiple sensors. A processor can also be integrated onto the substrate so that data from the multiple sensors can be processed locally by the multi-sensor system.

Abstract: A method and system provide a multi-sensor data fusion system capable of adaptively weighting the contributions from each one of a plurality of sensors using a plurality of data fusion methods. During a predetermined tracking period, the system receives data from each individual sensor and each data fusion method is performed to determine a plurality of reliability functions for the system based on combining each sensor reliability function which are individually weighted based on the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio for the received data from each sensor, and a comparison of predetermined sensor operation characteristics for each sensor and a best performing (most reliable) sensor. The system may dynamically select to use one or a predetermined combination of the generated reliability functions as the current (best) reliability function which provides a confidence level for the multi-sensor system relating to the correct classification (recognition) of targets and decoys.

Abstract: A method for guiding an intercepting missile to a body-to-body contact with an airborne target in the atmosphere. The method includes the steps of guiding the intercepting missile to within an appropriate distance from the airborne target, illuminating the airborne target, using an illuminator carried by the intercepting missile, acquiring an image of the illuminated airborne target and, steering the missile in accordance with an aimpoint on the image.

Abstract: A system for defeating a threat posed by a guided missile. The system includes a broad band light source with a beam width of less than 4°, a DIRCM control system, a missile warning system, and a missile tracking system. The DIRCM control system is configured to aim a beam produced by the light source. The missile warning system is configured to supply the DIRCM control system with a first trajectory of the missile. The missile tracking system is configured to supply the DIRCM control system with a second trajectory of the missile, which is more accurate than the first trajectory.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for combining a survey measurement dataset and a position dataset into a single dataset containing both measurement and position data is disclosed. The survey measurement data may be obtained from a ground penetrating radar, an inductometer, a magnetometer, or an optical camera. Positioning information is collected and merged with the survey information so that the position of the survey tool is known at each data point. Also provided are channel-equalization filters, spiking deconvolution filters, and frame filters that can be used in conjunction with the positioning information to enhance the quality of the images obtained from the data collected by the survey tool.

Abstract: An object recognition system including a radar, an image sensor and a controller is provided. The radar determines the position of an object, and the image sensor captures an image of the object. The controller sets a processing area within the image captured by the image sensor based on the position of the object determined by the radar and a predetermined size for the object to be recognized. The controller extracts horizontal and vertical edges from the processing area, and preferably judges whether each of the extracted edges belongs to the object based on characteristics of the object to be recognized. The controller then recognizes the outline of the object based on the edges judged to belong to the object. The object can be recognized by determining upper, lower, left and right ends of the object. On the other hand, the controller recognizes lane lines defining the lane in which the vehicle mounting the system of the invention is running.

Abstract: A radar source is configured on a vehicle, which may be an airborne vehicle such as a helicopter. An arrangement of at least one computer system is provided in communication with the radar source and configured to accept instructions from an operator and to operate the radar source. As the vehicle moves in the vicinity of a subterranean volume along a navigation path, a radar signal is propagated with the radar source into the subterranean volume. A reflected radar signal from a subterranean object within the subterranean volume is received. Physical characteristics of the subterranean object are ascertained from the reflected radar signal.

Abstract: Driving assistance device for a motor vehicle, including at least one emitter of radiation toward the front of the vehicle, a receiver of part of this radiation reflected by a target vehicle, and control and calculation means for influencing the acceleration and braking of the following vehicle in accordance with information coming from the unit comprising the emitter and the receiver and in accordance with data pertaining to the following vehicle. At least the emitter is mounted so as to be rotatable in terms of the azimuth and means for driving the emitter in rotation are provided in order to modify the azimuth of the beam of the emitter in accordance with the curvature of the road. This beam advantageously turns by the same angle as that of the beam of an adaptive lighting system.

Abstract: A transmission wave is applied to a predetermined range in a width-wise direction of a vehicle. Objects ahead of the vehicle are recognized on the basis of reflected waves resulting from reflections of the transmission wave. Calculation is made as to a position of each of the objects and also a lane-sameness probability for each of the objects that the object and the subject vehicle are on a same lane. Object information pieces corresponding to the respective objects represent the calculated positions of the objects and the calculated lane-sameness probabilities for the objects. In cases where at least two objects become substantially equal in position, the two objects are recognized as a single object. One is selected from the two objects which relates to a calculated lane-sameness probability equal to or higher than a predetermined value. The single object takes over an object information piece corresponding to the selected object.

Abstract: Existing positioning technologies used in conjunction with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) are generally too time-consuming or insufficiently accurate for high resolution, high frequency, 3-d structural investigations. The invention provides an optical positioning system for use in GPR surveys that uses a camera mounted on the GPR antenna that takes video of the surface beneath it and calculates the relative motion of the antenna based on the differences between successive frames of video. Positioning accuracy to within several millimeters is provided. The procedure is orders of magnitude faster than surveying a grid of data points or laying out parallel lines and surveying each line with an odometer wheel. The system and method of positioning is suitable for mapping the subsurface of structures such as building columns or floors using GPR. Time domain synthetic aperture radar algorithms can be used to reconstruct an image of the subsurface using this position data.

Abstract: A system for detecting and avoiding interference with radar signals in wireless network devices is described. The receiver circuit of the device receives incoming 5 GHz traffic. Such traffic could comprise both WLAN traffic as well as radar signals from radar systems. The incoming packets are treated as an input event, and are screened to be examined as radar pulses. Radar pulses are identified using the length of the detected event. The radar pulses are examined using frequency domain analysis, and the packet train is examined to find gaps between radar pulses. The periodic nature of the packet is determined using frequency domain and time domain analysis to calculate the period of the pulse train. Particular intervals within the pulse train are analyzed using threshold numbers of periodic pulses within the interval and threshold power levels for the pulses. The calculated period information is used to identify the radar source and screen non-radar traffic.

Abstract: A clear air turbulence (CAT) detection system performs a nowcast algorithm to detect CAT along the flight path of an aircraft. The aircraft stores computer simulation information of key storm features and utilizes the information in combination with returns from an on-board weather detection and ranging sensor and limited additional meteorological data to predict CAT properties, such as intensity, location, time and probability of occurrence. The additional meteorological data is provided by on-board sensors and/or data link from ground sources. A nowcast predicting turbulence along the flight path in the near future alerts the pilot to the likelihood of encountering clear air turbulence.

Abstract: A scalable radar signal processing system for processing data between a data source and a receiving terminal, in which a bus system is connected in parallel on at least one DSP (Digital Signal Processor) node, to a corresponding number of standard DSP cards as well as components for user data delivery and for user data collection. Each DSP node is operated with the same software and all the signal processing algorithms are executed on a user data component assigned to the corresponding node.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying an anomaly in an electrically insulative component of a structure, such as an insulator on a utility or telecommunications pole, are provided. Locations for the structure and electrically insulative component are identified. A radar signal is propagated towards the electrically insulative component with a radar antenna while the radar antenna is motion along a navigation path in the vicinity of the structure. A reflected radar signal is received from the electrically insulative component, from which a determination is made whether the electrically insulative component contains the anomaly.

Abstract: A technique is provided for providing total flexibility of control of any desired operation within an environment where personnel work, such as an office suite. The location of transponders is determined by a location system. A user arbitrarily selects a convenient region for controlling an operation and the location system registers this in a memory. The location system then determines the position of each transducer and, when a transducer is within one of the selected regions, the location system responds by controlling the operation. For example, a region may be selected entirely arbitrarily so as to control room lighting.

Abstract: An autonomous moving apparatus moving to a destination while detecting and avoiding an obstacle includes a radar device for scanning a horizontal plane in its travelling direction to thereby detect a position of an obstacle and an obstacle sensor for detecting an obstacle in a space different from the scanning plane of the radar device. The apparatus moves to the destination under such control as to avoid the obstacle based on detection information from the radar device and the obstacle sensor from a detection output provided by a specific-configuration detecting element for detecting a present specific configuration from scanning information by the radar device. By providing such a specific-configuration detecting element that detects a specific configuration based on the scan information by the radar device that can accurately know about position information, it is possible to guess an obstacle having an upper structure, thus providing efficient avoidance.

Abstract: A method for detecting a target located above a road by using a camera and a radar system, wherein when it is determined that the target captured by the camera is the same target that has been captured by the radar, and when it is determined from an image captured by the camera that the target is at a height higher than road level, the method determines that the target is a stationary object located above the road. Further, when it is determined that the distance to the target captured by the camera or the radar is decreasing, and that the reception level from the target captured by the radar is also decreasing, the method determines that the target is a stationary object located above the road.

Abstract: Electronic Warfare (EW) systems aboard aircrafts are used to protect them from guided missile by denying threat radar systems the ability to track the aircrafts. In a typical operation, a threat radar system transmits RF signals aimed at the target aircraft. The surface of the target reflects a portion of the incident signal back towards the threat radar antenna where the reflected signal is detected, allowing the threat radar system to determine the target's range, angle and velocity. The present invention relates to EW systems that are dependent on measuring the RF phase of a signal transmitted by a target tracking threat radar. The use of the invented technique will make it possible to implement a robust Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM) technique, known as Cross-Eye, using two airborne platforms. The technique is very effective in preventing a threat radar from tracking a target aircraft and guiding a launched missile to the target aircraft.

Abstract: From a body located at a distance above the surface of the earth, an image is recorded of a region that is located underneath the body on or above the surface of the earth and that has a diameter of at least one kilometer. The recorded image is fully geocoded and comprises a grid dimension small enough that vehicle densities located in the region can be recognized. The recorded image is evaluated with respect to these vehicle densities and the spatial allocation thereof to the associated roadways. The method is used for acquisition of the state of street traffic over a large area.

Abstract: A collision countermeasure system (10) for an automotive vehicle (12) is provided. The collision countermeasure system (10) includes an object detection system (14) having at least one transceiver (34). The object detection system (14) generates and wirelessly transmits an object detection signal via a first transceiver. A countermeasure controller (16) wirelessly receives said object detection signal via a second transceiver and performs a countermeasure in response to said object detection signal. A method for performing the same is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is to a method and system for providing protection from an EMS-targeted weapon by providing an appropriate spoofed EMS signal to cause an EMS-targeted weapon to determine an apparent object distance sufficiently close to the EMS-based targeting threat to nullify the weapon. In a first embodiment, the EMS-based targeting threat uses reflected EMS emissions, such as RADAR, to target the object the apparent object distance nullifies the weapon by falling within a weapon-safety lockout distance determined by a fire control system of the targeting threat. In another embodiment, the EMS-based targeting threat uses EMS signals from an external source, such as GPS, to target a position of the object and the apparent object distance nullifies the weapon by causing premature detonation at a safe standoff distance from said object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the protection of mobile military facilities, in particular military bridges, against target-seeking guided weapons equipped with various threat sensors, wherein the mobile military facilities are equipped with active and passive anti-sensors for detecting a threat by approaching target-seeking guided weapons and computing their trajectories and determining suitable intercept coordinates for deploying countermeasures. Moreover a mobile dirigible launcher furnished with various decoy effective agent ammunitions is provided in the surroundings of the facility to be protected and/or immediately on the said facility.

Abstract: Radar apparatus in which output RF signals are modulated on an optical signal prior to transmission. Incoming optical echo signals are converted into RF signals using a detector. The original functionality of the radar apparatus is to a large extend retained, including the Doppler processing. The target radar cross section is determined by the wavelength of the optical signal.

Abstract: A method for calibrating the attitude of a compass in relation to the platform on which the compass is installed. The compass includes an attitude determining device and an optical sighting device and the compass is integrally mounted on a platform. The method includes the steps of determining the angle between the optical sighting device and the attitude determining device, determining the attitude between the optical sighting device and the platform, and determining the attitude between the attitude determining device and the platform.

Abstract: A satellite 10 in the sky has an imaging radar and a captured image data transmitting means, and captures an image of a predetermined subject area A including roads R. According to the captured image data concerning the subject area A, a traffic control section 21 grasps the state of traffic in the subject area A, and estimates a state of congestion according to thus grasped state of traffic. Also, according to thus estimated state of congestion, the traffic control section 21 sets parameters such as on/off times of signals. Thus set parameters are sent from the traffic control section 21 to their corresponding signals. The on/off of each signal is controlled according to the set parameters. Hence, the state of traffic in a wide area can be grasped quite accurately, and traffic can be controlled according to thus grasped state of traffic.

Abstract: A convection induced turbulence (CIT) detection system performs a nowcast algorithm to detect CIT along the flight path of an aircraft using power returns from an airborne whether radar. Additional meteorological data is optionally provided by onboard sensors and/or data link from ground sources. A nowcast predicting turbulence along the flight path in the near future alerts the pilot to the likelihood of encountering clear air turbulence.

Abstract: A pre-crash sensing system is provided for sensing an impact of a target vehicle (46) with a host vehicle (12). The target vehicle (46) has side transponders that generate side identification signals. The host vehicle (12) has a remote object sensor (20) that generates an object distance signal in response to the target vehicle. A countermeasure system (42) resides in the host vehicle (12). A controller (14) in the host vehicle is coupled to the remote object sensor (20) and the countermeasure system (42). The controller (14) activates the countermeasure in response to the object distance signal and side identification signal.

Abstract: The Vehicle Sound and Alerting System is generally comprised of a conventional automobile stereo system that has police radar detection capabilities. When police radar is detected, the stereo's volume is immediately muted. An audible alert is then outputted through the vehicle's speaker system or a built-in speaker on the control panel, or a combination of both, depending on how the driver has it configured. A visual alert is also produced on the control panel, which displays the band of radar that was encountered, and its relative signal strength. The radar detector receives signals from the vehicle's antenna and an auxiliary antenna. The auxiliary antenna is attached to the vehicle's grille. This improves the signal reception ability.

Abstract: A method of integrating ground-based radar information into an existing on-board aircraft radar system, where a radar indicator displays on-board radar images as a function of data words received from a receiver/transmitter of the on-board aircraft radar system, includes receiving ground-based radar data indicative of a ground-based radar image. A data word from an output stream of the receiver/transmitter of the on-board aircraft radar system is captured, with the captured data word being encoded in a first data word format. A position and heading of the aircraft is determined, and the ground-based radar data is sampled to obtain sampled ground-based radar data corresponding to the position and heading of the aircraft and to a radial scan angle for the captured data word. The sampled ground-based radar data and the captured data word are combined into a composite data word, with the composite data word being encoded in the first data word format.

Abstract: A radar displaying system and method for use in displaying weather radar information on a cockpit display of an aircraft receives on-board weather radar information from an on-board weather radar system and ground-based weather radar information up-linked to the aircraft from a ground-based weather radar system. The information from the on-board weather radar system and the information from the ground-based weather radar system are combined to generate composite weather radar information. In response to the composite information, the cockpit display simultaneously displays both on-board weather radar imagery and ground-based weather radar imagery.

Abstract: System and methods are disclosed for fluid measurements which may be utilized to determine mass flow rates such as instantaneous mass flow of a fluid stream. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be utilized to compare an input mass flow to an output mass flow of a drilling fluid circulation stream. In one embodiment, a fluid flow rate is determined by utilizing a microwave detector in combination with an acoustic sensor. The acoustic signal is utilized to eliminate 2 &pgr; phase ambiguities in a reflected microwave signal. In another embodiment, a fluid flow rate may be determined by detecting a phase shift of an acoustic signal across two different predetermined transmission paths. A fluid density may be determined by detecting a calibrated phase shift of an acoustic signal through the fluid. In another embodiment, a second acoustic signal may be transmitted through the fluid to define a particular 2&pgr; phase range which defines the phase shift.