Abstract: A vehicle antenna comprises a mast having proximal and distal portions, the proximal portion attached to the vehicle. A terminating member is provided at the distal portion of the mast and a first connector is affixed thereto. The first connector has a body formed to encompass the terminating member and an adjacent section of the mast and includes an eyelet projecting therefrom. Additionally, a decorative antenna kit comprises a first connector for encompassing a terminating member of an antenna mast and includes an eyelet projecting therefrom. Means are supplied for fixing the first connector to the mast. A second connector projects through the eyelet; the second connector having a first end and a second end, the first end being affixed to the first connector and the second end terminating in means for attaching an indicia device. A plurality of secondary eyelets and means for attaching the secondary eyelets to the mast is also provided.

Abstract: An antenna is adapted to be mounted on a vehicle body. An antenna base is formed with a first through hole. A first fixing screw is provided with a thread portion adapted to be inserted into a second through hole formed in the vehicle body via the first through hole, and a head portion continued from the thread portion and having a size larger than the second through hole. A receptacle is provided on the antenna base and receiving the head portion such that an axis of the first fixing screw is swingable relative to the vehicle body. A nut is adapted to be fitted with the thread portion so as to clamp the vehicle body together with the head portion.

Abstract: A roof antenna (1) for vehicles is provided with a base plate (14) on which antenna elements (12, 13) are arranged or which has at least one contact element (15) for an antenna element, a cover (2) of the roof antenna (1) being provided with at least one opening (6) through which a fastening means can be inserted and through which the fastening means can be countersunk at the side opposite to the surface of the cover (2) in order to fasten the roof antenna (1) on a vehicle body, particularly on a vehicle roof (3) or in order to fasten the cover (2) on the base plate (14), where, according to the invention, a closure (4) can be inserted into the opening (6) subsequent to the insertion of the fastening means into the opening (6) and to the unmovable fixation of the roof antenna at the vehicle body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an antenna unit with integrated TV and communication antennas for portable communication terminals. The antenna unit comprises a TV antenna and a communication antenna. The TV antenna comprises a rod antenna for receiving a TV signal, and a guide antenna for receiving the TV signal from the rod antenna and transmitting the received TV signal to a TV tuner. The communication antenna comprises a helical antenna for receiving a communication signal, and a connector for receiving the communication signal from the helical antenna and transmitting the received communication signal to a radio frequency (RF) unit.

Abstract: An antenna (104) and antenna interface system (200) are provided that allow both RF and baseband signals to be transported over a single antenna/communication device coaxial center connector (110, 120). A single wire memory device (134) is embedded into the antenna (104) and electrically coupled to the antenna's center conductor (110). Frequency diplexing (114, 116) is used to transport the single wire bus communications between the antenna (104) and the communication device, such as a radio (102).

Abstract: An attachment/detachment mechanism for an antenna is configured to avoid damage to the antenna when an excessively large force is applied to the antenna, regardless of the direction. A rotational L-shaped connector of an antenna section of the antenna is connected to an antenna housing disposed on a main electronic device unit. A fitting groove is formed on a male fitting cylinder on the rotational L-shaped connector side, and an O-ring is fitted to the groove. An engagement projection formed on an inner wall of a female fitting cylinder on the antenna housing frictionally engages with the O-ring. This configuration allows rotation and attachment/detachment of the antenna section relative to the antenna housing. A contact member is attached to the fitting cylinder to contact a contact spring 31 that presses the O-ring against the engagement projection.

Abstract: A communication device for small vehicles includes a single communication device that transmits signals in all directions without being interfered with by a passenger. A communication range of an electromagnetic wave with high directivity, which is susceptible to environmental conditions, can be enlarged as much as possible. The communication device, which performs at least one of sending or receiving signals, is disposed above a passenger seated on a seat of the small vehicle.

Abstract: An antenna device has an antenna main body, a fixing member and a bolt. The antenna main body comprises an antenna element, female connectors provided at a first connector, a female screw section, and an engagement claw inserted into an antenna mount hole to make engagement with a lower side face of a roof panel. A fixing member comprises cables, male connectors provided at a second connector, the male connectors being provided to make mechanical engagement with female connectors without an electrical connection, and being connected to the cable, and a male screw section helically fitted to a female screw section, thereby tightening the female connectors, the male connectors, and a roof panel with one another. A bolt may be mounted between the male and female connectors to allow electrical connection therebetween.

Abstract: An attachment rack apparatus with antenna is provided, including a first connection unit, a second connection unit and an antenna unit. The first connection unit includes a first attachment plate and a second attachment plate. One end of the first and second attachment plates are connected together. The two attachment plates are arcs facing each other to form a non-closed space. The bottom of the second connection unit is attached to the joint of the first and the second attachment plates. The top of the second connection unit is attached to the antenna unit. The second connection unit provides the antenna unit with space and mechanism for adjustment in angles, positions and orientations. The present invention is applicable to a holder with suction disc for holding electronic devices in a vehicle.

Abstract: An antenna for a military ground vehicle having a radio includes a whip element and a base plate attached to the whip element. The base plate has a first set of dimensions. The antenna also includes an antenna adapter that is attached to the base plate. The antenna adapter has a housing having a second set of dimensions and a filter circuit coupled to the whip element and the radio. The filter circuit is configured to tune the frequency of the antenna. Alternatively, the filter circuit may be disposed within an antenna mount used to mount the antenna to a vehicle.

Abstract: A motor vehicle roof with a roof plate which has a transparent plastic area to which a peripheral plastic edge is molded which is used especially as a cover visor and which extends downward. Furthermore, the roof plate has a nontransparent area with a holding frame for a functional element molded onto a bottom thereof.

Abstract: An antenna assembly generally includes an antenna module mountable to a vehicle body wall. The antenna base module includes a base, a protective cover coupled to the base, at least one antenna element disposed within an interior enclosure collectively defined by the protective cover and the base, and one or more latching members. An outer cosmetic cover has one or more snap clip members engageable with the one or more latching members when the outer cosmetic cover is positioned generally over the protective cover. The snap clip members and latching members are resiliently flexible and configured for forming a resiliently compliant connection therebetween. In a final installed position of the antenna assembly to the vehicle body wall, the lower edge of the outer cosmetic cover conforms against the vehicle body wall substantially without any gap therebetween.

Abstract: An antenna device includes an antenna housing having a chamber and a slot formed in one end and formed between two arms and communicating with the chamber, an antenna member having a stud engaged into the slot and rotatably coupled to the antenna housing with a pivot axle and having two or more flat surfaces formed in the stud. A spring-biased follower is slidably received in the antenna housing and includes an actuator for engaging with either of the flat surfaces of the antenna member and for anchoring and retaining the antenna member to the antenna housing at selected angular positions. The antenna device includes a greatly simplified structure with a greatly reduced expense.

Abstract: A mount assembly for mounting a two-way radio antenna to a curved section of a vehicle has top and bottom collars shaped to match the contour of the vehicle curved section. During installation of the mount assembly, the top and bottom collars are positioned on opposite sides of the vehicle curved section, and an externally-threaded tubular connector is inserted through through-holes in the top and bottom collars and through an opening formed in the curved section of the vehicle. A mounting ring threads onto the upper end of the tubular connector that projects beyond the top collar and is threaded into engagement with the upper surface of the top collar. A fastening nut threads onto the lower end of the tubular connector that projects beyond the lower surface of the bottom collar. As the fastening nut is tightened, the top and bottom collars are drawn together to firmly secure the mount assembly to the vehicle surface.

Abstract: In various exemplary embodiments, a wideband antenna assembly includes a stamped monopole antenna mast having two or more conductors combined to a single feed. The conductors are combined at a predetermined height above the point of connection with the single feed. The conductors further have a predetermined spacing between the conductors.

Abstract: The light is filtered by a two- or three-band optical device integrated with two- and three-band mixing method so that only the light in the wavelength range of the pass bands can pass through this optical device and reach the optical sensor for the opto-electronic sensing application, or human eyes for the visual instrument application, or the surface of target object for the illumination application. The color difference and/or chromaticness difference can be enhanced by this method. And the target identification or object classification can be implemented by this method in terms of color attributes. With this method, two- and/or three-band ratio criteria widely used in remote sensing and machine vision applications can be calculated in terms of color attributes, and two- and/or three-band multi-spectral imaging can be acquired so that the complicated and expensive two and three band multi-spectral imaging system can be replaced by this kind of sensing device.

Abstract: A slidable assembly has a cylindrical section with an upper passageway and an axial slit. The slidable assembly also has a support section with an upper strip extending from the upper end of the cylindrical section and a lower strip extending from the lower end of the cylindrical section. A flag has upper and lower edges supported by the strips. A liftable assembly has a wing shaped component and a central passageway. A short projection extends upwardly press fit into the lower end of the cylindrical section of the slidable assembly. An intermediate cylindrical passageway is formed as a coupling between the lower and upper passageway.

Abstract: An antenna for mounting on a vehicle roof has a base plate adapted to sit on the roof and a threaded fastener separate from the base plate, extending through the base plate and anchored underneath the base plate in the roof. A cover fitted over the base plate is formed with a throughgoing passage generally aligned with the fastener. The fastener is operable by a tool extending through the passage. An antenna rod screwable into the passage is fixed thereby to the cover. The cover can comprise an inner cover fitted over the base plate and formed with an outwardly open threaded socket and a decorative outer cover fitted over the inner cover around the socket. In this case the antenna rod has an end screwable into the socket and bearing downward on the outer cover to secure the outer cover on the inner cover and base plate.

Abstract: A complex antenna device includes: an antenna base having a main surface and first and second ends opposed to each other; a bar antenna including a metal body and disposed upright on a side of the first end of the antenna base; at least one planar antenna mounted on the main surface of the antenna base between the first and second ends of the antenna base; a metallic member provided on a side of the second end of the antenna base so as to substantially remove physical influence of the bar antenna on the planar antenna.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of mountable and adjustable antenna apparatuses and methods are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, a mountable and adjustable antenna apparatus includes a top housing member, a bottom housing member, and an antenna assembly being disposed within the top housing member. The top housing member is in rotatable relation to the bottom housing member. The antenna assembly is in fixed relation to the top housing member. The top housing member has an aerodynamic configuration for reducing drag on, and for eliminating fatigue as well as flutter of, the antenna assembly.

Abstract: A hub assembly (10) includes a hub (12) which can be attached to the mast (11) of an antenna by fastening assemblies (41) at a selected position along the mast (11). The hub (12) can carry rods (46) in horizontal slots (39, 40) to form a capacitance hat for the antenna, or can carry rods (46) in vertical slots (37, 38) so that the rods (46) can be positioned to overlie a trap (51) by a selected extent to tune the trap (51) a selected amount. Clamping assemblies (47) hold the rods (46) in the selected slots (37-40). Apertures (36) are provided in the hub (12) and are adapted to receive guy wires to support the antenna.

Abstract: A base member is adapted to be mounted on a vehicle body. A proximal end of a rod-shaped antenna body is pivotably provided on the base member. The antenna body includes an antenna element. A first conductive member is disposed in the base member and provided with a first bracket-shaped portion having elasticity. A second conductive member is electrically connected to the antenna element and provided with a second bracket-shaped portion. The second conductive member is pivotably fitted with the first conductive member while opposite outer faces of the second bracket-shaped portion is brought into elastic contact with opposing inner faces of the first bracket-shaped portion.

Abstract: An antenna device includes an antenna housing having a chamber and a slot formed in one end and formed between two arms and communicating with the chamber, an antenna member having a stud engaged into the slot and rotatably coupled to the antenna housing with a pivot axle and having two or more flat surfaces formed in the stud. A spring-biased follower is slidably received in the antenna housing and includes an actuator for engaging with either of the flat surfaces of the antenna member and for anchoring and retaining the antenna member to the antenna housing at selected angular positions. The antenna device includes a greatly simplified structure with a greatly reduced expense.

Abstract: An antenna mounting device includes a housing having a chamber formed by an outer peripheral wall, a suction cup and a base casing received in the housing, the base casing includes a lower seat and an upper seat disposed on top of an outer peripheral fence, a ring member is rotatably engaged onto the base casing and includes a bottom actuator and a recessed actuator for engaging with the lower seat and the upper seat of the base casing and for adjusting the ring member up and down relative to the base casing when the ring member is rotated relative to the base casing. A cap is coupled to the central coupling member of the suction cup with a stem for actuating the suction cup.

Abstract: A mount assembly for mounting a two-way radio antenna to a curved section of a vehicle has top and bottom collars shaped to match the contour of the vehicle curved section. During installation of the mount assembly, the top and bottom collars are positioned on opposite sides of the vehicle curved section, and an externally-threaded tubular connector is inserted through through-holes in the top and bottom collars and through an opening formed in the curved section of the vehicle. A mounting ring threads onto the upper end of the tubular connector that projects beyond the top collar and is threaded into engagement with the upper surface of the top collar. A fastening nut threads onto the lower end of the tubular connector that projects beyond the lower surface of the bottom collar. As the fastening nut is tightened, the top and bottom collars are drawn together to firmly secure the mount assembly to the vehicle surface.

Abstract: An on-vehicle DSRC apparatus includes a main body (11) a signal processing unit provided in the main body (11), an external storage medium insertion slot (12), an antenna array (22) electrically connected to the signal processing unit to perform intercommunication with on-road equipment, a mounting member for the antenna array (22), and an antenna angle holding means (20) mounted swingably on said mounting member (11). The antenna angle holding means (20) is so designed as to set the predetermined range of angle such that a proper angle for enabling intercommunication between the on-road equipment and the antenna array (22) within the predetermined communication area. The angle of the antenna array is automatically held at a proper value owing to swinging movement of the antenna angle holding means.

Abstract: An antenna main body comprises an antenna element, female connectors provided at a first connector, a female screw section, and an engagement claw inserted into an antenna mount hole H to make engagement with a lower side face of a roof panel R. A fixing member comprises cables, male connectors provided at a second connector, the male connectors being provided to make mechanical engagement with, and electrical connection to, female connectors, and being connected to the cable, and a male screw section helically fitted to a female screw section, thereby tightening the female connectors, the male connectors, and a roof panel R with one another.

Abstract: An attachment assembly, useful in quickly attaching an object to a panel, is provided with a base assembly having a shaft member extending therefrom and an expandable member having a plurality of fingers disposed on one side of the panel such that, during installation, the fingers radially outwardly expand to clamp the object to the panel. A process of mounting an object to a panel is also provided. The object is attached to the base of the attachment assembly and the shaft member is positioned in an aperture in a panel. The panel is clamped between the fingers and the base upon installation of the attachment assembly.

Abstract: A dipole antenna for use in a vehicle, or the like, having individual positioners to receive antenna rods such that the antenna may be mounted out of the vision of the vehicle operator while providing optimum performance, and an amplifier in the antenna circuit to further enhance the signal.

Abstract: A wide band mobile antenna assembly having a whip, a base defining a housing, an adaptor extending on top of the base above the housing, and a mounting element extending in the housing. The mounting element has two opposite PCB mounting side surfaces and two opposite coil mounting surfaces. A PCB is mounted on each of the corresponding PCB mounting side surfaces. A matching circuitry is integrated on the two PCBs. The matching circuitry has a conductor for connection to the whip when the whip is inserted in the adaptor, and a conductor for external cable connection. The matching circuitry has a series resonant network operatively connected to a parallel resonant network for increasing a bandwidth of the antenna assembly. The series and resonant networks each have a coil mounted to the corresponding coil mounting surface.

Abstract: A mobile antenna includes a center-fed, broadband, dipole radiator, and a coupler assembly for mounting the dipole radiator to a mount. A power matching circuit is connected between the dipole radiator and the coupler assembly to maintain an effective balance of current distribution and impedance in conductive elements of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna window with a high-frequency electric component placed fixedly on one of its surfaces, which is electrically connected to a conductor structure provided on the same surface of the window. The high-frequency component has at least one flat coupling electrode, which is kept at a specific distance from the flat conductor structure conducting high-frequency antenna signals, by an intermediate dielectric layer, to form the electrical connection.

Abstract: The antenna unit including a first antenna portion including a first element, a first board for mounting the first element, and a feeding conductor for electrically connecting the first element and the first board and capable of receiving a radio wave in a first frequency band, and a second antenna portion including a second element shorter than the first element, and a second board for mounting the second element and capable of receiving a radio wave of a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band, in which a length of a transmitting path of the feeding conductor and a length of the second element are formed to configure lengths different from each other.

Abstract: The invention is an antenna for a wireless communication, comprising a cylindrical holder including a closed end and a side portion; and a rod including one end connected to the closed end of the holder.

Abstract: An antenna system operable to receive radio frequency signals and operable to couple radio frequency energy through a dielectric panel. The system includes an exterior radio frequency coupling module having a plate and a shield electrically coupled to the plate. The exterior coupling module also has a conductive member electrically isolated from the plate and the shield. The system also includes an interior radio frequency coupling module having a plate and a shield electrically coupled to the plate. The interior coupling module includes a conductive member electrically isolated from the outer conductor and a shield. The exterior coupling module is affixed to one side of the dielectric panel and the interior coupling module is affixed to another side of the dielectric panel in juxtaposition to the exterior module. Both conductive members of the exterior and interior module contact the dielectric panel.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention resides in providing a novel installation structure for an RFID tag, which effectively protects the RFID tag from external stress or impact during the storage, transportation and usage, and allows communication with the external. A second object of the present invention resides in that providing a novel installation structure for an RFID tag, which enables communication with the external even if the RFID tag is installed on a conductive member such as a metal member, and the surface thereof is covered with a protective member typically made of a metal which has an excellent strength and durability. A third object of the present invention is to provide a communication method using an RFID tag as being surrounded by a conductive member typically made of a metal.

Abstract: Comprised of an antenna base in which a protruding portion is formed on a bottom face and tapered faces are formed on shoulder portions of the protruding portion, a legged washer in which leg portions whose tip ends have an external diameter larger than the internal diameter of a mounting hole and which has an elasticity and leg portions, which are bent into a crank-like section so that the diameter of the tip ends is increased and in which the inside face of the crank portion makes contact with the tapered faces when the axial length of the bolt is decreased with respect to the antenna base by tightening the bolt so that the tip ends are expanded, are formed integrally with the ring portion, and a bolt which is fastened to the protruding portion of the antenna base through the legged washer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna device capable of retaining by a simple structure an antenna base end portion 12 pivotably and, moreover, in a predetermined posture on an antenna base member 10. The antenna base member 10 is provided therein coaxially with a cylindrical member 10d a part of a circumferential wall of which is cut off. The cylindrical member 10d is provided therein with a substantially annular elastic member 16, which has an engagement projection 16a extending outward from the cutoff portion in the radial direction and capable of being elastically displaced in the radial direction, in such a manner that the elastic member is not relatively turned. The antenna base end portion 12 is provided with an engagement recess 12a engaged with an outer circumference of the cylindrical member 10d, and the engagement projection 16a is elastically engaged with an inner circumferential surface of the engagement recess 12a.

Abstract: An antenna mounting system including a base plate having a mounting surface, a substantantially circular opening through the mounting surface, and attachment means for attaching the base plate to a mounting surface. The housing and the base plate are each dimensioned such that the housing is substantially rotatable within the base plate when the base plate is loosely attached to the mounting surface and such that the housing is substantially fixed when the base plate is tightly attached to the mounting surface. A rotator portion of a rotatable connector is disposed within the housing and is rotatably and controllably attached thereto. A connector portion extends through a slot in the housing and includes a cable connector and a sealing surface dimensioned to mate with an antenna.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed to provide an external antenna to adapt to the wireless communication device for receiving and transmitting signals by means of double attachable functions (magnetic/on glass/patch). The external antenna is portable and retractable, and easy to assemble and detach. An external antenna comprises a base, a connector is disposed on the proximal end of the base, an antenna fits into the connector, a metal cap is disposed under the distal end of the base, a magnet fits in the metal cap, a sucking disk disposed under the magnet screwed into the cap, a conductor is extended between said base and a coaxial connector, thus they are combined to form an external antenna. The external antenna can be attached to a flat surface of objects by sucking disk or magnet.

Abstract: An antenna protection device includes a pair of opposed contacts, an inner electrode connected to one of the contacts. The outer electrode is separated from the inner electrode by a dielectric layer and connected to the other of the contacts. A bleed-off resistor is connected between the opposed contacts to dissipate any accumulated. Corona rings may be employed around the foregoing components to improve operation of the device.

Abstract: A robust antenna mounting bracket suitable for mounting a variety of high-frequency, very-high-frequency, and ultra-high frequency communications antennas to the bed of a pickup truck. The bracket, which is made from a single piece of metal, consists of a horizontal platform, which accepts a wide variety of antenna bases, a vertical panel, which transfers the force due to the weight of the antenna to a stake pocket housing, and a leg, which connects the platform to the foot and causes the platform to be located behind the rear fender of a pickup truck.

Abstract: An antenna device is mounted on a vehicle body. A distal end of an antenna element is attached to an antenna base. The antenna base is provided with a conductive screw projection electrically connected with the antenna element and inserted into a hole formed in the vehicle body, and a first insulative member mounted on an outer face of the vehicle body to electrically insulate the screw projection from the vehicle body. A conductive washer is disposed inside the vehicle body such that the screw projection is inserted therethrough. A conductive nut is disposed inside the vehicle body to be screwed to the screw projection to form a conductive path from the antenna element and an electric equipment disposed inside the vehicle. A second insulative member is disposed inside the vehicle body to electrically insulate the screw projection from the washer, and to electrically insulate the nut from the washer.

Abstract: To enable an antenna device to be easily mounted to a roof or the like, and to realize a highly reliable state or the antenna device after mounted. The invention relates to an antenna device comprising an antenna element, and a bottom cover and a top cover which cover the antenna element. The bottom cover includes a base projection to be inserted into an opening formed in a mounting part, a washer having an elastic force being fitted over this base projection, and the washer comes into contact with an inner face of the mounting part thereby enabling the antenna device to be mounted and fixed. The washer is inserted into the opening in the mounting part in a state fitted over the base projection, and recovered to its original shape by the elastic force after the insertion, thereby to be brought into contact with the inner face of the mounting part.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for mounting a mirror assembly and an antenna assembly with a vehicle cab including a radio which includes grounding the antenna assembly with the vehicle cab. The mounting assembly includes a conductive metal support rod connected with a mounting bracket formed of molded polymeric resin including a conductive filler. The antenna assembly includes an antenna mounted to a support which is secured with the support rod. Also, an antenna cable extends from the antenna through the mounting rod and the cab assembly in usual manner. The arrangement provides a conductive path to the vehicle cab and radio.

Abstract: An antenna (10) includes a mast (12) which carries a coil (13) and a capacity hat (14). The capacity hat (14) includes a cylindrically shaped block (15) that is slidably received on the mast (12). The block includes a plurality of chordal bores (20–25) which are selectively adapted to receive conductive rods (40) therein. The configuration of the rods (40) is established by first identifying the desired frequency of operation for the antenna (10) and then selecting the size of the coil (13) and the configuration of the rods (40) which will provide approximately the desired frequency preferably using the smallest coil (13) possible to reduce losses.

Abstract: A wide receiving range antenna is disclosed to include a holder base, and a resonator unit connected to one end of the holder base for receiving signal, which the resonator unit having a barrel connected to the holder base, a metal block spaced from the barrel at a predetermined distance and connected to a coaxial cable being inserted through the holder base, and a plurality of resonators axially extended from one side of the metal block opposite to the coaxial cable for receiving signals of different frequencies and transmitting received signals to an electronic device through the coaxial cable.

Abstract: A low-profile multi-band antenna module includes first and second antennas that transmit first and second radio frequency (RF) signals in a first and second RF band, respectively. A first RF multiplexer combines the first and second RF signals for transmission. The first antenna, second antenna, and first RF multiplexer are arranged on a panel. A transmission line communicates with the first RF multiplexer and transmits the first and second RF signals. A second RF multiplexer communicates with the transmission line and separates the first and second RF signals. At least one of the antennas communicates with an amplifier. The transmission line supplies direct current (DC) power to the amplifier. The first and second antenna are arranged on the panel in an orientation that minimizes electrical interference between the first and second antenna. A combination of the first and second antenna minimizes interference between the first and second RF band.

Abstract: A receiving and/or transmitting device for motor vehicles has an antenna foot, with a housing. An electrical connection for an antenna element, which is preferably in turn electrically connected to a further antenna element via a lock-out coil, is made via an internal connecting line. The connecting line is preferably in the form of a bracket, and/or the first antenna is provided with an electrically conductive extension.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus has a rod-shaped antenna element and a feeding part to feed electronic signals to, and receive electronic signals from, the antenna element. The antenna apparatus comprises a first ground plane that is provided parallel to and near the antenna element and that is located to serve as a background to electromagnetic waves radiating from the antenna element in at least one direction. The antenna apparatus also comprises at least a second ground plane that is provided parallel to and near the antenna element and in a direction different from that of the first ground plane.