Abstract: Methods and apparatus for using multiple antennas having different polarizations are described. Polarized antennas are advantageously deployed in a cellular network. Some of the sectors utilize an antenna with a first direction polarization, while other sectors use an antenna with a second direction polarization, for a given carrier. Various embodiments are directed to methods and apparatus related to base station deployment which set up and/or operate base stations in accordance with an advantageous reuse pattern from the perspective of inter-cell and/or inter-sector interference. In some embodiments a plurality of carriers are used in addition to a plurality of different polarization direction antennas. In some such embodiments, a base station is configured so that for a given sector different carriers are associated with different direction polarization antennas. Some embodiments are directed to multi-sector base station implementations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supporting the communication of an information stream using an individual polarization type are described. For example, a first data stream is communicated from a base station sector transmitter using horizontal polarization signals and a second data stream is communicated using vertical polarization signals. A mobile wireless communications device, employing a plurality of dipole antennas associated with different direction polarizations, e.g., a first direction horizontal polarization dipole antenna, a second direction horizontal polarization dipole antenna and a vertical polarization dipole antenna, multiple receiver modules, and a combiner module, facilitates the recovery of horizontal polarization signals without the need for azimuth antenna orienting or repositioning, and also facilitates the recovery of vertical polarization signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radome for an endfire antenna array that includes a honeycomb core, an inner skin attached to the honeycomb core, a first set of conductive slats disposed on the inner skin of the honeycomb core and a second set of conductive slats that are disposed within the honeycomb core. The two sets of conductive slats are capacitively-coupled to one another.

Abstract: A composite polarizer including a first polarizer having a plurality of parallel metal vanes and a second polarizer having a plurality of parallel layers of dielectric material is provided. The first polarizer is disposed on an axis, and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The second polarizer is disposed on the axis and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The first polarizer has a first differential phase shift for a first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for a second frequency f2. The second polarizer has a first differential phase shift for the first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for the second frequency f2. A total of the first differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°, and a total of the second differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°.

Abstract: A reader antenna is connected to an interrogator. Conductors are arranged at two places at the opposed marginal edge portions of a radiation plane of the reader antenna along a radiation direction of an electromagnetic wave from the reader antenna. The conductors raises the electric power density above the reader antenna. A storage case is set above the reader antenna and has many items arranged at narrow intervals with radio tags attached thereto. The storage container has the radio tags arranged substantially parallel to the polarization direction of the reader antenna. By doing so, adequate drive power is applied to the radio tag by an electromagnetic wave from the reader antenna.

Abstract: A partially reflect surface antenna includes a substrate, a reflective sheet and a plurality of supporting units. The substrate has an upper surface formed thereon a signal I/O for receiving and outputting high frequency signal. The reflective sheet partially reflects the high frequency signal and includes an array antenna block located at the surface of the reflective sheet. The plurality of supporting units support the reflective sheet to locate at the upper surface of the substrate and to maintain a predetermined distance between the reflective sheet and the substrate. The area of the array antenna block ranges from 0.31 to 0.8 times of the surface area of the reflective sheet.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a transceiver and a probe. The transceiver is connected to a first antenna and a second antenna. The first and second antennas are configured to one of transmit and receive radio frequency signals. The first and second antennas are configured to exhibit a polarized diversity. The probe re-establishes the polarized diversity when the polarized diversity has been disrupted.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is provided having a primary feedhorn arranged in a first plane and configured to provide a first scan pattern having a first gain and first beamwidth. In another embodiment, a plurality of feedhorns are configured to provide a second scan pattern, wherein each of the plurality of feedhorns may be oriented substantially parallel to the first plane. A support structure may be provided to arrange the primary feedhorn in the first plane and the plurality of feedhorns substantially in parallel to the first plane. According to another embodiment, the first and second scan patterns produce a resulting scan pattern having a resultant beamwidth greater than the first beamwidth and a resultant gain that is greater than a minimum gain requirement.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) device includes an antenna array for receiving dual polarized RF signals, and in-phase and quadrature modules coupled to the antenna array for generating in-phase and quadrature components. A homology group matched filter is coupled to the in-phase and quadrature modules for determining an unmixing equation for generating unmixed dual polarized RF signals, and for applying at least one estimated source polarization homology parameter to the unmixing equation. An unmixed dual polarized RF signal level is generated by the homology group matched filter based upon the at least one estimated source polarization homology parameter and the unmixed dual polarized RF signals. A threshold detector is coupled to the homology grouped matched filter for determining if the unmixed dual polarized RF signal level is above a threshold.

Abstract: A coupling device is provided, including a substrate, a ground element, a first feed conductor and a second feed conductor. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The ground element is disposed on the second surface, wherein the ground element includes a first portion, a second portion, an annular groove and a feed slot, the annular groove is located between the first portion and the second portion, enclosing the first portion, and a first end of the feed slot is connected to the annular groove. The first feed conductor is disposed on the first surface corresponding to the annular groove, wherein the first feed conductor couples the ground element to feed a current signal. The second feed conductor is disposed on the first surface corresponding to the feed slot, wherein second feed conductor couples the feed slot to feed a magnetic fluid signal.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a dielectric material and a plurality of non-overlapping local resonant cell groups disposed across the dielectric material is described. Each local resonant cell group comprises a plurality of resonant cells that are small relative to a first wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that is incident upon the composite material. Each local resonant cell group has a spatial extent that is not larger than an order of the first wavelength. For each of the local resonant cell groups, the resonant cells therein are chirped with respect to at least one geometric feature thereof such that a plurality of different subsets of the resonant cells resonate for a respective plurality of wavelengths in a spectral neighborhood of the first wavelength. The composite material exhibits at least one of a negative effective permeability and a negative effective permittivity for each of the plurality of wavelengths in that spectral neighborhood.

Abstract: A satellite system 10 having a first satellite 14 at a first orbital slot B has a first transponder 32 and a second generating a first downlink signal 44B at a first frequency and a second downlink signal 44C at a second frequency. An outdoor unit is directed toward the first satellite 14 and includes a support structure, a reflector 64 coupled to the support structure and reflecting the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal. A first feed 66B is coupled to the support structure and receives the first downlink signal. A second feed 70C is concentric with the first feed 66B and is coupled to the support structure and receives the second downlink signal.

Abstract: A communication system including an antenna array with feed network coupled to communication electronics. In one example, a communication subsystem comprises a plurality of antennas each adapted to receive an information signal and a plurality of orthomode transducers coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of antennas, each OMT is adapted to provide at a first component signal having a first polarization and a second component signal having a second polarization. The communication subsystem also comprises a feed network that receives the first component signal and the second component signal from each orthomode transducer and provides a first summed component signal at a first feed port and a second summed component signal at a second feed port, and a phase correction device coupled to the first and second feed ports and adapted to phase match the first summed component signal with the second summed component signal.

Abstract: A miniature conformal antenna is provided with a polarization-independent output by using quadrature elements at the mouth of a cavity and by processing the RHCP and LHCP outputs of the elements to arrive at a polarization-dependent solution; and then correcting the angle of arrival result by electronically rotating the antenna, measuring the amplitude difference between element pairs at various angles, generating an amplitude difference curve and deriving an angular correction factor therefrom.

Abstract: An RF receiver section includes an adjustable antenna assembly, a low noise amplifier module, and a down conversion module. The adjustable antenna assembly is configured to provide a first receive antenna structure and a second receive antenna structure. The first and second receive antenna structures receive an inbound wide bandwidth RF signal that includes an interferer RF signal component and a desired inbound RF signal component. The effective polarization of at least one of the first and second receive antenna structures is adjusted to reduce signal strength of the interferer RF signal component.

Abstract: Methods and systems of changing antenna polarization. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are systems comprising an antenna having a first feed point and a second feed point, an antenna communication circuit, and a switch assembly that selectively couples the antenna communication circuit to the first feed point, and that selectively couples the antenna communication circuit to the second feed point. The feed point (or group of feed points) is selected, for example, based on polarization of an electromagnetic wave to be radiated from or received by the antenna.

Abstract: A method of configuring a phased array antenna having a plurality of radiators, each said radiator elements capable of radiating or receiving signals in one of two orthogonal polarizations determined to achieve a pseudo-random mix of horizontally and vertically polarized radiators. Upon switching of each of the radiator elements to a calculated one of said two polarizations, a desired slant angle for the antenna is achieved.

Abstract: A signal conditioning module provides a polarimeter capability in a photometric system. The module may include multiple variable delay polarization modulators. Each modulator may include an input port, and a first arm formed to include a first reflector and first rooftop mirror arranged in opposed relationship. The first reflector may direct an input radiation signal to the first rooftop mirror. Each modulator also may include an output port and a second arm formed to include a second reflector and second rooftop mirror arranged in opposed relationship. The second reflector can guide a signal from the second rooftop mirror towards the output port to provide an output radiation signal. A beamsplitting grid may be placed between the first reflector and the first rooftop mirror, and also between the second reflector and the second rooftop mirror. A translation apparatus can provide adjustment relative to optical path length vis-à-vis the first arm, the second arm and the grid.

Abstract: A planar multi-layer transreflector for generating collimated coherent energy comprises one or more of insulating layers between two or more metallic layers. The transreflector substantially reflects a cross-polarized component of an incident millimeter-wave signal and substantially transmits the remaining portions of the incident millimeter-wave signal. Each of the metallic layers comprises a plurality of rectangles arranged in a grid pattern radially varying in size within circumferential regions. The reflected cross-polarized component may be substantially orthogonal to the transmitted remaining portions. A substantially collimated and coherent wavefront comprising the remaining portions may be produced in a first direction, and substantially collimated and coherent wavefront comprising the cross-polarized components may be produced in a second direction.

Abstract: A radio repeater including at least first and second relay systems, each including a reception antenna configured to receive a radio signal, a loop interference suppressor, connected to the reception antenna, configured to suppress a loop interference signal in the received radio signal from said reception antenna, an amplifier configured to amplify the loop interference-suppressed radio signal from the loop interference suppressors, and a transmission antenna having a polarization characteristic, which is orthogonal to a polarization characteristic of said reception antenna, configured to transmit the output of said amplifier.

Abstract: A signal conditioning module provides a polarimeter capability in a photometric system. The module may include multiple variable delay polarization modulators. Each modulator may include an input port, and a first arm formed to include a first reflector and first rooftop mirror arranged in opposed relationship. The first reflector may direct an input radiation signal to the first rooftop mirror. Each modulator also may include an output port and a second arm formed to include a second reflector and second rooftop mirror arranged in opposed relationship. The second reflector can guide a signal from the second rooftop mirror towards the output port to provide an output radiation signal. A beamsplitting grid may be placed between the first reflector and the first rooftop mirror, and also between the second reflector and the second rooftop mirror. A translation apparatus can provide adjustment relative to optical path length vis-à-vis the first arm, the second arm and the grid.

Abstract: A method of configuring a phased array antenna having a plurality of radiators, each said radiator elements capable of radiating or receiving signals in one of two orthogonal polarizations determined to achieve a pseudo-random mix of horizontally and vertically polarized radiators. Upon switching of each of the radiator elements to a calculated one of said two polarizations, a desired slant angle for the antenna is achieved.

Abstract: A high impedance surface (300) has a printed circuit board (302) with a first surface (314) and a second surface (316), and a continuous electrically conductive plate (319) disposed on the second surface (316) of the printed circuit board (302). A plurality of electrically conductive plates (318) is disposed on the first surface (314) of the printed circuit board (302), while a plurality of elements are also provided. Each element comprises at least one of (1) at least one multi-layer inductor (330, 331) electrically coupled between at least two of the electrically conductive plates (318) and embedded within the printed circuit board (302), and (2) at least one capacitor (320) electrically coupled between at least two of the electrically conductive plates (318).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming an image from millimeter waves. A field of view scanned using two geometrically orthogonal, intersecting copolarized fan beams (110, 120) to receive millimeter wave radiation. The received millimeter wave radiation from said fan beams are then cross-correlated (250, 650). Also, a method and antenna (400, 610) for receiving millimeter wave radiation are disclosed. The antenna includes first and second fan beam antennas (410, 420) for receiving millimeter wave radiation and a filter (430, 440) for rotating polarization of incident millimeter wave radiation through 90 degrees received by the second fan beam antenna (410). The respective first and second beams (110, 120) intersect and are co-polarized and geometrically orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: There is provided a comb polarizer suitable for millimeter band applications including: a waveguide having an aperture side formed of two separable half waveguides, and a comb shaped conductive unit having a plurality of cogs interposed between two half waveguides for transforming a linear polarized signal to a circular polarized signal.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted for easily performing polarization switching is disclosed. Within a second waveguide connected to a first waveguide, there is embedded a polarization transformation circuit in the state rotated relative to the second waveguide at an angle set, based on a reflection characteristic indicating a characteristic of a reflection coefficient with respect to a polarization frequency.

Abstract: A phase shift section phase-shifts the second band-restricted signal to a first phase-shifted signal and a second phase-shifted signal having a phase that is different from the phase of the first phase-shifted signal by 90 degrees. A first signal mixing section mixes the first band-restricted signal and the first phase-shifted signal. A second signal mixing section mixes the second band-restricted signal and the second phase-shifted signal. A phase difference calculation section calculates the phase difference value from the first mixed signal and the second mixed signal stripped of frequencies other than a desired baseband frequency. A polarization calculation section calculates reception polarization from the first reception field intensity value, second reception field intensity value and phase difference value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a front-end device for a phased array system. The front-end device includes an array of horn antennas, a first set of transmission lines coupled to the horn antenna array for a first polarization, a second set of transmission lines coupled to the horn antenna array for a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization, and a plurality of L-shaped excitation elements. Each L-shaped excitation element of the plurality of L-shaped excitation elements couples a transmission line from each of the first and second sets of transmission lines to a respective horn antenna of the horn antenna array.

Abstract: A planar multi-layer transreflector for generating collimated coherent energy comprises one or more of insulating layers between two or more metallic layers. The transreflector substantially reflects a cross-polarized component of an incident millimeter-wave signal and substantially transmits the remaining portions of the incident millimeter-wave signal. Each of the metallic layers comprises a plurality of rectangles arranged in a grid pattern radially varying in size within circumferential regions. The reflected cross-polarized component may be substantially orthogonal to the transmitted remaining portions. A substantially collimated and coherent wavefront comprising the remaining portions may be produced in a first direction, and substantially collimated and coherent wavefront comprising the cross-polarized components may be produced in a second direction.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a polarizer, a phasing network and a field radiating element such as a horn. The polarizer and phasing network generate a plurality of phase shifted circularly polarised waves which are superimposed to produce multiple antenna field patterns from a single antenna aperture.

Abstract: By configuring a high impedance frequency selective surface (HZ-FSS) structure for the appropriate values of surface impedance (surface resistance and surface reactance), a high frequency artificial ferrite metamaterial can be synthesized with almost any desired value of real and imaginary permeability. Materials with these properties have not previously been physically realizable at frequencies above 1 GHz.

Abstract: Leaky wave antenna beam steering that is capable of steering in a backward direction, as well as further down toward the horizon in the forward direction than was previously possible, and also directly toward zenith. The disclosed antenna and method involve applying a non-uniform impedance function across a tunable impedance surface in order to obtain such leaky wave beam steering.

Abstract: A monopole-type antenna for multi- or wide-band use to transmit or receive radio frequency electromagnetic energy. A feed point, provides energy into the antenna or receives energy from the antenna. A driven radiating section includes a first top-loading element and a feed conductor that electrically connects the feed point linearly to the first top-loading element, yet with the driven radiating section not electrically connected to a grounding surface. A parasitic radiating section includes a second top-loading element and a bridge conductor that electrically connects the second top-loading element linearly to the grounding surface. When energy is then provided at the feed point and conducted to the driven radiating section, it produces a first resonance mode, coupling at least some of the energy into and exciting the parasitic radiating section to produce a second resonance mode.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap device is mountable on a RF disturbing structure of an antenna to minimize signal field disturbance imparted thereby. The RF disturbing structure is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a path of travel of an antenna signal and located within a field covered by the signal transmitted by a feed. The bandgap device comprises a plurality of RF perturbing elements connected to the RF disturbing structure and spaced apart from one another in the direction substantially parallel to the signal path. The perturbing elements are positioned, configured and sized to direct a disturbed portion of the signal away therefrom to reduce field disturbance generated by the disturbed signal portion interacting with an undisturbed portion of the antenna signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic medium is described, the electromagnetic medium comprising a periodic array patterned to provide at least one photonic bandgap and to provide negative refraction for incident radiation at an operating frequency lying within the at least one photonic bandgap. The periodic array includes an externally powered gain material having an amplification band that includes the operating frequency.

Abstract: H plane and E plane of a second rectangular waveguide element are inclined at an angle of 45° with respect to H plane and E plane of a first rectangular waveguide element. A connection element disposed between the first and second rectangular waveguide elements has an inner periphery that surrounds a central axis extending in a direction of electromagnetic-wave propagation. The inner periphery includes surfaces parallel to H plane and E plane of the first rectangular propagation path element, and these surfaces form a staircase such that abutting sections between the surfaces parallel to H plane and the surfaces parallel to E plane constitute projections. The staircase is inclined in a direction corresponding to a direction in which H plane of the second rectangular propagation path element is inclined.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed. The antenna system includes at least one antenna element and an adaptable frequency-selective-surface responsive to operating characteristics of the at least one antenna element and/or surrounding environmental conditions.

Abstract: A slider system have been developed to aid in the spacing between read/write heads and the storage medium, and a grating antenna amplifier has been developed to improve illumination spot size and polarization characteristics. The grating antenna can be attached to a grayscale slider to obtain a distance between the illumination spot and antenna that lies in the near field region.

Abstract: An apparatus for redirecting radiation including a polarization dependent reflector and an optical component able to transform the polarisation of radiation as it passes through the component. Radiation having a first polarisation component impinging upon the reflector from a source is reflected towards a scene area. Radiation not having this polarisation component passes through the reflector. The radiation having the first polarisation is then transmitted towards a scene via the optical component. As the radiation passes via the optical component, reflects back from the scene and passes again via the optical component, the polarisation is changed to state where it can now pass through the polarisation dependent reflector. The apparatus allows a scene to be illuminated as if the illuminator were positioned at the viewpoint of an imaging system, and so aids uniform illumination of the scene.

Abstract: A polarized wave separator includes a tubular waveguide, and a partition extending in the waveguide along the longitudinal direction thereof. The end of the partition facing the longitudinal direction is a step-graded end taking a stepped configuration when viewed from the side. A dielectric portion is disposed so as to cover at least the portion of the step-graded end when viewed in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system accommodating onto a platform for tracking a target moving relatively to the platform, the antenna system comprising a first planar active subsystem operable for receiving/transmitting an RF signal of a certain linear polarization direction and for selectively performing electronic scanning; a second, roll subsystem coupled to the active subsystem and operable for rotational movement of the active subsystem about a first axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the planar active subsystem; a third, elevation subsystem coupled to the second, roll subsystem and to a fourth azimuth subsystem, the azimuth subsystem defining a central axis of the antenna system and being operable for providing rotational movement of the first planar subsystem about the central axis, the elevation subsystem being configured to provide a certain angular orientation between the plane defined by the active subsystem and a plane defined by the azimuth subsystem, thereby allowing positioning the first plana

Abstract: In a variable power divider including a first 90° phase combiner (30), a second 90° phase combiner (40), and a phase-amplitude adjustment block (50), the phase-amplitude adjustment block (50) includes, correspondingly to two-channel polarized signals, variable phase shifters (51, 52) for adjusting their phase amounts and variable attenuators (55, 56) for adjusting amplitudes (attenuation amounts), and the phase amounts and the amplitudes of the two-channel polarized signals can be adjusted by an antenna control unit (60). Further, there are included a phase shifter (53) and an attenuator (57) provided on two-channel signal lines between an orthomode transducer (20) and a first 90° phase combiner (30) and for equalizing the amplitudes and phases of the two-channel polarized signals.

Abstract: Leaky wave antenna beam steering that is capable of steering in a backward direction, as well as further down toward the horizon in the forward direction than was previously possible, and also directly toward zenith. The disclosed antenna and method involve applying a non-uniform impedance function across a tunable impedance surface in order to obtain such leaky wave beam steering.

Abstract: A reflector includes a pair or plural pairs of array antennas. Each array antenna is formed of an arrangement of a plurality of antenna elements formed on a surface of a waveguide. The array antennas are placed parallel to each other. Both ends of each array antenna pair are connected through a pair of waveguides. Information adding devices are inserted in the waveguides.

Abstract: DC inductive FSS technology is a printed slow wave structure usable for reduced size resonators in antenna and filter applications of wireless applications. It is a dispersive surface defined in terms of its parallel LC equivalent circuit that enhances the inductance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit to obtain a pole frequency as low as 300 MHz. The effective sheet impedance model has a resonant pole whose free-space wavelength can be greater than 10 times the FSS period. A conductor-backed DCL FSS can create a DC inductive artificial magnetic conductor (DCL AMC), high-impedance surface with resonant frequencies as low as 2 GHz. Lorentz poles introduced into the DCL FSS create multi-resonant DCL AMCs. Antennas fabricated from DCL FSS materials include single-band elements such as a bent-wire monopole on the DCL AMC and multi-band (dual and triple) shorted patches, similar to PIFAs with the patch/lid being a DCL FSS.

Abstract: A switchable polarizer assembly, having a coupler, a polarizer module with a plurality of apertures, each aperture adapted for a desired transition, an antenna adapter and a central waveguide with a center longitudinal axis passing through the coupler and the antenna adapter. Positioned inline with the central waveguide, between the coupler and the antenna adapter, the polarizer module is offset relative to the center longitudinal axis, rotatable to alternatively align each of the plurality of apertures with the central waveguide. A coupling means may be present to couple rotation of the polarizer module to rotation of the antenna adapter. The apertures may be, for example, zero or ninety degree angular transitions and or circular to rectangular waveguide cross sectional area transitions.

Abstract: A scanning apparatus comprises two rotatable bodies (1, 10 or 40) arranged to rotate in opposite directions. The first body being a polarizer (10) and the second being a mirror (1) or a second polarizer (40). The apparatus is arranged to define an optical path for a polarized beam, wherein the optical path passes through the first body (10), is reflected at the second body (1 or 40), and is reflected by the first body (10) back to the second body (1 or 40) from where it is transmitted or reflected to produce a linear scan. There is also disclosed a scanning system comprising a reflector (1) and an optical wedge (42) containing refractive materials, arranged to counter rotate and arranged so that a beam passing through the optical wedge (42), is reflected by the reflector (1) and passes back through the optical wedge (42) to produce a linear scan.

Abstract: A polarizer for an antenna and antenna structures are disclosed. According to one aspect a polarizer includes a generally cylindrical sidewall portion extending between spaced apart end portions. At least one polarizing structure extends substantially continuously along an interior of the sidewall portion and extends radially inwardly relative to the sidewall portion according to a first radius in a longitudinal direction and a second radius in a transverse direction. The polarizer can be implemented as part of an antenna structure, which further can be integrated with a transition stage and/or a horn.

Abstract: A reflector antenna system may include an arc-shaped antenna reflector defining a first antenna beam, and a phased array antenna positioned in the first antenna beam including first and second arrays of antenna elements coupled together in back-to-back relation. The first array may face the antenna reflector, and the second array may face away from it. A controller switchable between a reflecting mode and a direct mode may be connected to the arrays. The controller, when in the reflecting mode, may cause back-to-back pairs of first antenna elements from the arrays to define a feed-through zone for the first antenna beam, and cause second antenna elements in the first array to define a first active zone for the first antenna beam. Furthermore, when in the direct mode, the controller may cause antenna elements in the second array to define a second active zone for a second antenna beam.

Abstract: A waveguide unit including a vertically polarized waveguide, a horizontally polarized waveguide, and a waveguide type-polarized wave converter interposed between said waveguides. The waveguide type-polarized wave converter has a slit, the shape of which being combination of two quadrate parts and a connecting part for connecting the two quadrate parts. Those polarized waveguides and polarized wave converter are integrally manufactured but can be divided into two parts.