Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving RFID coverage using an antenna array having an adaptive antenna beam. The apparatus includes an RFID reader including an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements. Subsets of the plurality of antenna elements are selectively activating in order to direct an antenna beam to communicate with at least one RFID tag. The method includes transmitting an interrogation signal from an antenna array by activating one or more subsets of a plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array. In this way, the interrogation signal is directed thereby improving antenna coverage.

Abstract: A file searching system includes a file storage device and a terminal device. The file storage device defines a plurality of slots for storing files having radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, the file storage device has a plurality of antennas and associated indicators mounted to a corresponding slot one to one. The terminal device wirelessly communicates with a first transceiver of the file storage device. The terminal device includes a user interface (UI) unit. Each antenna receives RFID tag self-identifying information from an RFID tag stored in the corresponding slot and transmit the RFID tag self-identifying information along with antenna self-identifying information to the first transceiver for transmission to the terminal. The first transceiver receives control commands from the terminal and the file storage device actuates one of the plurality of indicators based on a received control command. A file searching method of the file searching device is also provided.

Abstract: A coupling-type antenna includes a substrate having opposing top surface and bottom surface, a monopole antenna element formed on the top surface of the substrate for transmitting a first current and having a feed point and a radiator and a conductor respectively extended from the feed point, and a coupling body formed on the bottom surface of the substrate opposite to the monopole antenna element for transmitting a second current. Further, the transmitting direction of the first current in the monopole antenna element is opposite to the transmitting direction of the second current in the coupling grating body.

Abstract: An antenna structure is disclosed. The antenna structure includes a symmetrizing portion and two radiation portions. The symmetrizing portion has an axis and two radiation portions are symmetrically connected to the symmetrizing portion along the axis. Each of the two radiation portions is formed in a boot shape within a quadrilateral region having a first edge with a first length, a second edge with a second length, a third edge with a third length and a fourth edge with a fourth length. Each radiation portion includes a first side having a length being equivalent to the first length, a second side having a length being equivalent to the second length, a third side having a length being at least one-sixth of the third length, a fourth side having a length being at least one-fifth of the fourth length, and a fifth side connecting the third side and the fourth side and forming an arc, wherein the arc follows a quarter trajectory of an ellipse.

Abstract: Ultra-wideband dual-band cellular dual-polarization base-station antennas and low-band radiators for such antennas are disclosed. The low-band radiator comprises a dipole and an extended dipole con figured in a crossed arrangement, a capacitively coupled feed connecting the extended dipole to an antenna feed, and a pair of auxiliary radiating elements. The dipole comprises two dipole arms, each of approximately ?/4, for connection to the antenna feed. The extended dipole has anti-resonant dipole arms of approximately ?/2. The auxiliary radiating elements are configured in parallel at opposite ends of the extended dipole. The radiator is adapted for the frequency range of 698-960 MHz and provides a horizontal beamwidth of approximately 65 degrees. The dual-band base-station antenna comprises high-band radiators configured in at least one array and low-band radiators interspersed amongst the high-band radiators at regular intervals.

Abstract: Antenna array arrangement for a multi band antenna, comprising a plurality of first dual band antenna elements adapted for transmitting/receiving in a lower antenna frequency band and in a higher antenna frequency band, a plurality of first single band antenna elements adapted for transmitting/receiving in the higher antenna frequency band, the first dual band antenna elements and the first single band antenna elements being arranged in a row, wherein at least two first single band antenna elements are arranged adjacent to each other. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a multi band antenna comprising at least one such antenna array arrangement.

Abstract: A portable unit with an endfire antenna and operating at 60 GHz makes an optimum communication channel with an endfire antenna in an array of antennas distributed over the area of a ceiling. The portable unit is pointed towards the ceiling and the system controlling the ceiling units selects and adjusts the positioning of an endfire antenna mounted on a 3-D adjustable rotatable unit. Several transceivers can be mounted together, offset from one another, to provide a wide coverage in both azimuth direction and elevation direction. These units can be rigidly mounted as an array in a ceiling apparatus. The system controlling the ceiling array selects one of the transceivers in one of the units to make the optimum communication channel to the portable unit. The system includes the integration of power management features by switching between Wi-Fi in favor of the 60 GHz channel.

Abstract: A dual band dipole antenna for universal LTE wireless communication is provided. The antenna can include first, second, and third dipoles etched on a single printed circuit board, wherein each of the first, second, and third dipoles have respective resonance lengths and operate in respective frequency ranges so that the antenna, as a whole, operates in a first frequency range of from approximately 690 MHz to approximately 960 MHz and in a second frequency range of from approximately 1710 MHz to approximately 2800 MHz. For example, the first dipole can operate at frequencies from approximately 690 MHz to approximately 800 MHz and from approximately 1710 MHz to approximately 2700 MHz, the second dipole can operate at frequencies from approximately 800 MHz to approximately 960 MHz and at approximately 1900 MHz, and the third dipole can operate at frequencies from approximately 2000 MHz to approximately 2400 MHz.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (“WLAN”) antenna array (“WLANAA”) is disclosed. The WLANAA may include a circular housing having a plurality of radial sectors and a plurality of primary antenna elements. Each individual primary antenna element of the plurality of primary antenna elements may be positioned within an individual radial sector of the plurality of radial sectors.

Abstract: A radiator for improving beam pointing error and beam tracking error using a dielectric member and an antenna including the same are disclosed. The radiator includes a first dipole member, a second dipole member adjacent to the first dipole member, a third dipole member facing to the first dipole member, and a fourth dipole member facing to the second dipole member. Here, the first to fourth dipole members have square shape, and a dielectric member is connected to at least one of the first to fourth dipole members.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus that includes a first antenna having a first feed point, a second antenna having a second feed point, and a first non-feed element grounded at a first ground point disposed at a first predetermined distance from the first feed point and the second feed point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna system including at least two antenna modules operable for transmitting and/or receiving radiation in certain common frequency band. The at least two antenna modules are collinearly arranged along a common axis so as to provide low gain along the axis, and are spaced apart from one another along this axis by a distance of at least a few nominal wavelengths of the common frequency band. Each two locally adjacent antenna modules of the at least two antenna modules operate with substantially mutually orthogonal polarizations of radiation, thereby suppressing electromagnetic coupling between the antenna modules in the common frequency band.

Abstract: Examples of the present invention include metamaterials, including metamaterial lenses, having material properties that approximate the behavior of a material with low (0<n<1) effective index of refraction. Metamaterials may be designed and tuned using dispersion engineering to create a relatively wide-band low-index region. A low-index metamaterial lens created highly collimated beams in the far-field from a low-directivity antenna feed.

Abstract: One or more embodiments are directed to a multimode antenna structure for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals in a communications device. The communications device includes circuitry for processing signals communicated to and from the antenna structure. The antenna structure is configured for optimal operation in a given frequency range. The antenna structure includes a plurality of antenna ports operatively coupled to the circuitry, and a plurality of antenna elements, each operatively coupled to a different one of the antenna ports. Each of the plurality of antenna elements is configured to have an electrical length selected to provide optimal operation within the given frequency range. The antenna structure also includes one or more connecting elements electrically connecting the antenna elements such that electrical currents on one antenna element flow to a connected neighboring antenna element and generally bypass the antenna port coupled to the neighboring antenna element.

Abstract: Directive gain antenna elements implemented with an aperture-fed patch array antenna assembly are described. A feed network for the aperture-fed patch array may include offset apertures and may also include meandering feed lines. Scalable aperture shapes and orientations that can be used with antennas operating at any frequency and with dual orthogonal polarizations are also disclosed. Directive gain antenna elements implemented with arrays of orthogonal reflected dipoles are also described with optimal feed networks and parasitic elements to achieve desired directive gain characteristics. Such arrayed dipole antennas feature dual orthogonal polarizations with assembly tabs that lower cost and improve reliability. Backhaul radios that incorporate said antennas are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multiband antenna including a ground plane having at least one periphery, at least one non-radiative slot being formed along the at least one periphery, a first plurality of radiating elements mounted on the ground plane adjacent to the at least one periphery and radiating in a first frequency band and a second plurality of radiating elements mounted on the ground plane adjacent to the at least one periphery and radiating in a second frequency band, the second frequency band being higher than the first frequency band.

Abstract: A multiband dipole antenna solution suitable for use in various wireless device applications, and methods of tuning and utilizing the same. In one embodiment, the antenna is adapted for use in long term evolution (LTE or LTE-A) radio devices. In one implementation, the antenna comprises (i) two planar directly fed radiating elements operating in a lower frequency band and disposed on two opposing sides of a dielectric structure, and (ii) two electromagnetically coupled radiating elements operating in an upper frequency band also disposed on the opposing sides of the dielectric structure. An additional pair of electromagnetically coupled radiator elements is utilized to achieve wider antenna operating bandwidth.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a feed end, a pair of ground ends, a first antenna, and a second antenna connected to the ground ends. The first antenna is connected to the feed end. The first antenna activates a high frequency band resonance mode. The second antenna is connected to the ground ends, and coupled with the first antenna to activate a low frequency band resonance mode. The feed end and the pair of ground ends are parallel to each other. The feed end and the pair of ground ends are coplanar to form a coplanar-waveguide feed structure.

Abstract: An antenna includes a first radiating array coupled to the mast and a second radiating array coupled to the mast. Each of the first and second radiating arrays comprises a plurality of dipoles associated with a radiation frequency, each dipole coupled to the mast by a standoff. The two arrays are mounted approximately opposite to each other relative to the mast, rather than one array on top of the other array. The antenna may be part of a Positive Train Control (PTC) system and be disposed in proximity to a train track.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement 10 comprises a first elongate limb 12 and a second elongate limb 14. The first and second elongate limbs converge towards one another at a first electrical connection point 16 and a spaced second anti-phase electrical convection point 18. The first and second limbs collectively forming a closed FIG. 20 with a first appendage 22, a second appendage 24, a third appendage 26 and a fourth appendage 28 to the closed figure.

Abstract: Systems and methods in which antenna system configurations use over-coupling between a plurality of antenna elements for effectively providing wide-band operation are shown. Such over-coupling comprises a multiple antenna element configuration in which adaptation to one antenna element (e.g., an influencing antenna element) results in substantial operational frequency band adaptation to a second antenna element (e.g., a respondent antenna element). Over-coupling results in a frequency split at the second antenna, whereby the resonate frequency of the antenna element is split into a plurality of frequency bands. By implementing such frequency splitting with respect to otherwise narrow band antenna elements, the over-coupled antenna system may be made to effectively provide wide-band operation.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a triple-band antenna array for cellular base stations operating at a first frequency band and at a second frequency band within a first frequency range, and also at a third frequency band within a second frequency range. Said triple-band antenna array comprises a first set of radiating elements operating at the first frequency band, a second set of radiating elements operating at the second frequency band, a third set of radiating elements operating at both the third and the first frequency bands, and a fourth set of radiating elements operating at both the third and the second frequency bands. The radiating elements are arranged in such a way that at least some of the radiating elements of the first set are interlaced with at least some of the radiating elements of the third set, and at least some of the radiating elements of the second set are interlaced with at least some of the radiating elements of said fourth set.

Abstract: A method and system for producing an electromagnetic field that exhibits a strong near field that is sufficient to deactivate an electronic article surveillance, EAS, tag and a weak far field that is insufficient to deactivate the EAS tag are disclosed. According to one embodiment, two half-wavelength dipoles spaced apart by about a half-wavelength are excited by oppositely phased signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate type antenna capable of realizing high gain enhancement and high band enhancement in a simple configuration. In the substrate type antenna, a loop-like first joint pattern whose one spot is divided, is formed in one substrate surface of a substrate made of a dielectric material. Antennas are respectively connected to both end terminals of the first joint pattern at a position where the first joint pattern is divided. A loop-like second joint pattern formed at a position corresponding to the first joint pattern and whose one spot is divided, is formed in the other substrate surface of the substrate. A loop-like third joint pattern which is substantially concentric with the first joint pattern and which is formed at a position corresponding to the second joint pattern and whose spot is divided, is formed in the one substrate surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multibeam antenna for emitting/receiving a radiofrequency signal in a plurality of directions in at least one frequency band, the antenna including: a floorplan (P); a dielectric substrate (11) having a permittivity (?1), the substrate (11) being arranged on the floorplan (P); and a plurality of assemblies (Ei) of antenna elements arranged on the substrate (11), each assembly (Ei) corresponding to a direction of the antenna. The antenna according to the invention is characterized in that said antenna also includes a dielectric superstate (12), having a higher permittivity (?2) than the permittivity (?1) of the substrate (11), arranged on the assemblies (Ei) of antenna elements, and in that the assemblies (Ei) are interleaved one under the other so as to form a column, the assemblies (Ei) corresponding to a single antenna direction being separated by a number of assemblies equal to the number of antenna directions.

Abstract: Coaxial corporate feed technology is disclosed supporting various compact transmit or receive antenna structures to create stable high gain antenna beams over decade wide bandwidths. At its heart are axially symmetric splitters and folded coaxial arms creating a true time delay network and offering the significant advantage that the coaxial structure is closed and does not radiate or interfere with the radiating elements that it feeds. This technology will reduce the number and size of antennas needed and offers significant coverage improvements for mobile platforms and significant cost reductions on fixed platforms.

Abstract: A radio communications device includes a base unit having an enclosure and a radio system inside the enclosure. The device also includes an antenna unit detachably connected to the enclosure of the base unit. The antenna unit includes one or more antennas, each having an electrical radio frequency (RF) connection to the radio system via a non-conductive coupling through the enclosure.

Abstract: A vertically interleaved in-building distributed antenna system is described. The in-building distributed antenna system includes a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radio. The MIMO radio includes a first branch connector and a second branch connector. The in-building distributed antenna system further includes a first branch transport medium coupled to the first branch connector and a second branch transport medium coupled to the second branch connector. The in-building distributed antenna system further includes a plurality of antennas. The plurality of antennas includes one or more first branch antennas coupled to the first branch transport medium and one or more second branch antennas coupled to the second branch transport medium. The first branch antennas are vertically interleaved with the second branch antennas in the structure.

Abstract: Techniques for providing multi-directional receiving antenna arrays are described herein. According to an embodiment, an apparatus includes an antenna array including multiple antennas and an orientation system. The orientation system includes multiple orientation marks and multiple alignment marks. At least one of the multiple antennas is configured to be positioned toward a respective station transmitter location based at least partially on an alignment of one of the multiple orientation marks relative to one of the multiple alignment marks.

Abstract: Antenna subassemblies suitable for use in phased array antennas are disclosed, as are phased array antenna assemblies and aircraft comprising phased array antenna assemblies. In one embodiment, an antenna subarray assembly comprises a thermally conductive foam substrate, a plurality of radiating elements bonded to the foam substrate, and a radome disposed adjacent the radiating elements. The subarray assembly presents a triangular shape when viewed in plan view, and the plurality of radiating elements are arranged in a triangular array on the foam substrate. In some embodiments, a plurality of subarray assemblies may be assembled to form an antenna assembly. In further embodiments an aircraft may be fitted with one or more antenna assemblies. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: A dynamically-reconfigurable feed network antenna having a microstrip patchwork radiating surface wherein individual radiating patches and elements of a stripline feed structure can be connected to and disconnected from each other via photoconductive interconnections. Commands from software alternately turn light from light emitting sources on or off, the light or lack thereof being channeled from an underside layer of the antenna so as to enable or disable the photoconductive interconnections. The resultant connection or disconnection of the radiating patches to each other and to the stripline feed structure will vary the antenna's frequency, bandwidth, and beam pointing.

Abstract: An apparatus for multiple antennas having a low coupling coefficient in a wide frequency bandwidth in a wireless communication system is provided. To obtain the low coupling coefficient in the wide frequency bandwidth by minimizing interference between antennas which are close to each other, without an additional device, in the wireless communication system, the apparatus includes a transceiver and a line for decreasing a coupling coefficient. The transmitter includes a first antenna and a second antenna for transmitting and receiving signals over a radio channel and the line is indirectly connected the first antenna and the second antenna using a physically disconnected line.

Abstract: A dipole antenna comprises a hollow dielectric whip, a coaxial center feed extending therethrough, and a pair of conductive dipole elements comprising an upper element and a lower element. The dipole antenna further comprises an upper element lead connecting the upper element to a first portion of the coaxial center feed at a feed point and a lower element lead connecting the lower element to a second portion of the coaxial center feed at the feed point. The dipole antenna further comprises a feed point strengthening means to mechanically strengthen the feed point against disconnection when the whip is impacted. Additionally, the dipole antenna may be a dual dipole antenna.

Abstract: A dynamically-reconfigurable antenna having a microstrip patchwork radiating surface wherein individual radiating patches can be connected to and disconnected from each other via photoconductive interconnections between the radiating patches. Commands from software alternately turn light from light emitting sources on or off, the light or lack thereof being channeled from an underside layer of the antenna so as to enable or disable the photoconductive interconnections. The resultant connection or disconnection of the radiating patches will vary the antenna's frequency, bandwidth, and beam pointing.

Abstract: An antenna comprising PCB elements mechanically secured by a clip is provided. The antenna has a feedboard printed circuit board having a feed network, at least one radiating element, and the clip. The radiating element includes first and second printed circuit boards, each having a base disposed on a surface of the feedboard printed circuit board. In one example, the printed circuit boards each further include a dipole disposed above the feedboard. In another example, the PCBs are supports and a cross-polarized radiating may be mounted on top. The first and second PCBs may include slots so that the boards may be assembled together. The PCBs also include an extension extending through a first slot on the feedboard PCB, and indentations disposed on the first extension. The clip may have retainers that engage the indentations of the extensions.

Abstract: To provide an antenna for dipole-type IC tag, which can conform to various IC chip specifications and communication frequencies in a wide area without causing an increase in the size of antenna, while advantageously suppressing a decrease in a communication distance caused by a defect part in an antenna pattern, in an antenna for dipole-type IC tag, an antenna radiation part is configured by extending an antenna wire in a radiation part extending direction, while repeatedly forming a pair of branch paths that branches in a direction intersecting with the radiation part extending direction, and a connection path which connects the pair of branch paths. The connection path is configured to extend in the radiation part extending direction from a junction of a pair of branch paths to a branch point of a next pair of branch paths.

Abstract: An antenna array containing two or more radiating elements, with nearest neighbor radiating elements connected together with a non-Foster circuit at terminals of the radiating elements such that mutual reactance of the elements is reduced over a wider bandwidth than which would be obtained if the non-Foster circuits were omitted.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a lightweight dual-band electronically steered phased array antenna having a multi-layer circuit for supplying DC and a ground plane to RF-on-flex subarrays. A dipole and two additional legs form a four-legged pyramid that stiffens the multi-layer circuit structure and serves as a bonding point to a radome surface. Two of the legs of the pyramid incorporate a low-band V dipole-radiating element. A third leg of the pyramid distributes RF energy to the subarrays via the multi-layer circuit. At the base of the pyramid is an open rectangular frame that accepts the insertion of the multi-layer circuit. An infrared laser transmitter distributes high and low band transmit/receive module control signals to an infrared detector on the opposite side of the subarrays.

Abstract: A reader antenna includes dipole antennas, the dipole antennas including: a horizontal dipole antenna having the characteristic of horizontal polarization; and a dipole antenna perpendicular to the horizontal dipole antenna and including a vertical dipole antenna having the characteristic of vertical polarization, wherein the horizontal dipole antenna and the vertical dipole antenna may both have the characteristic of circular polarization. The reader antenna can be easily stored in an electronic shelf because it is realized in an ultrathin structure using a single-layered dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A high band element and an antenna including a plurality of high band elements are provided. The high band element can include directors disposed above four dipoles, and the antenna can include a plurality of low band elements configured to accommodate the plurality of high band elements. The low band elements can be configured in a 1-2-2-2-1 arrangement or a 2-2-2-2-1 arrangement.

Abstract: A printed dual-band antenna for an electronic device includes a substrate, a first monopole antenna and a grounding metal sheet. The first monopole antenna is formed on the substrate, and has an electrical length approximating to a quarter wavelength of a first frequency band and a three quarter wavelength of a second frequency band. The grounding metal sheet is formed on the substrate to be a ground of the first monopole antenna. A feeding terminal of the first monopole antenna, formed at a first side of the grounding metal sheet, divides the first side into a first edge and a second edge. Lengths of the first edge and the second edge approximate to a quarter wavelength of the second frequency band.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a triple-band antenna array for cellular base stations operating at a first frequency band and at a second frequency band within a first frequency range, and also at a third frequency band within a second frequency range. Said triple-band antenna array comprises a first set of radiating elements operating at the first frequency band, a second set of radiating elements operating at the second frequency band, a third set of radiating elements operating at both the third and the first frequency bands, and a fourth set of radiating elements operating at both the third and the second frequency bands. The radiating elements are arranged in such a way that at least some of the radiating elements of the first set are interlaced with at least some of the radiating elements of the third set, and at least some of the radiating elements of the second set are interlaced with at least some of the radiating elements of said fourth set.

Abstract: A technique for improving impedance matching in a phased array antenna involves placing a segmented fence around the antenna elements of the array. The antenna elements are arranged above a ground surface such as a ground plane. The segmented fence includes spaced-apart conductive projections electrically coupled to and extending from the ground surface, such that the segmented fence partially terminates electric fields traveling in directions parallel to the ground surface. The segmented fence lies in paths extending in at least two directions along the ground surface to define fence enclosures that surround individual antenna elements. With dual-polarization or multi-polarization dipole antenna elements, the fence enclosures partially terminate the electric field in each direction parallel to the ground surface to simplify impedance matching without unduly restricting the magnetic field.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, an antenna arrangement includes: a substrate; and a plurality of dipole antenna elements disposed on the substrate, wherein the plurality of dipole antenna elements are randomly-oriented with respect to each other. In further exemplary embodiments, the plurality of dipole antenna elements includes at least six dipoles that are all electrically fed and do not need to be magnetically fed in order to generate and detect an arbitrary polarization. In still further exemplary embodiments, each dipole element has a fractal shape.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes: first and second receiving antennas disposed on a plane at equal distances from a reference point and face each other with the reference point therebetween; third and fourth receiving antennas disposed on the plane, a gravity center of the third and fourth receiving antennas being an equal distance from the reference point, a straight line connecting the gravity centers of the third and fourth receiving antennas is at 90 degrees with respect to a straight line connecting gravity centers of the first and second receiving antennas; fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth receiving antennas disposed on the plane, having gravity centers on straight lines different from each other and rotated by an angle of 45 degrees from the straight line connecting the gravity centers of the first and second receiving antennas and the straight line connecting the gravity centers of the third and fourth receiving antennas, respectively.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices, systems and techniques for establishing a variable height conformal antenna array having a planar backplane. More particularly, positioning of radiating elements can be made insensitive to variable ground height by selecting a suitable radiating element, such as a flared notch and arranging them to have a profile such that their outer extremities are positioned along a conformal, curved shape. Differences in radiator heights can be taken up by the addition of parallel vertical ground planes disposed between the radiating elements and the backplane. Adjacent vertical ground planes effectively form cutoff waveguide sections that naturally isolate the backplane from the radiating elements. The vertical ground planes edges effectively form a virtual curved ground for the radiating elements, following curvature of the array profile. Accordingly, heights of radiating elements are uniform with respect to the virtual ground, while being allowed to vary with respect to the backplane.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices, systems and techniques for establishing a coincident-phased dual polarization array aperture enabling a wide scan capability, while also presenting a bandwidth of at least about 40%. Radiating elements of such an array include a first ground plane extending between lower and upper edges and a first radiating element positioned above the upper edge of the first ground plane. The array elements also include a second ground plane extending between respective lower and upper edges and disposed substantially orthogonal to the first ground plane. A second radiating element is positioned above the upper edge of the second ground plane, such that the first and second radiating elements have different polarizations. Parallel ground planes of adjacent antenna elements of an array of like elements enhance array performance by providing isolation between such radiating elements and backplane ground by way of a phenomenon generally known as waveguide-below-cutoff.

Abstract: A radar array comprising a panel, the panel comprising a top side and a bottom side; a plurality of high-frequency antennas coupled into a high-frequency array coupled to the panel; at least one low-frequency resistive vee dipole transmitting antenna; and at least one low-frequency resistive vee dipole receiving antenna, wherein the at least one low-frequency resistive vee dipole transmitting antenna and the at least one low-frequency resistive vee dipole receiving antenna are coupled into a low-frequency array.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is provided for mounting on a predetermined support structure positioned on a surface, the support structure having a peripheral edge at an elevated position above the surface. The antenna assembly includes an antenna and a support for supporting the antenna at an elevated position above the surface when mounted on the support structure. The support is adapted to support the antenna at a sufficient height above the surface to provide a direct path for electromagnetic radiation at least a portion of the antenna to a position on the surface external of the peripheral edge of less than or equal to about 4.5 meters from substantially any point on the peripheral edge, or to a position on the surface at a point positioned 3 meters from the front of the support structure and 3 meters from a side of the support structure.

Abstract: The invention provides a micro strip antenna used for both a near-field region and a remote-field region. A micro strip antenna comprises: a first dielectric substrate; a main patch, having a triangle shape under the first dielectric substrate, configured to feed a radiation current; a second dielectric substrate over the first dielectric substrate; and a sub patch, formed under the second dielectric substrate, configured to desert a current from the main patch to provide a vertical magnetic field.