Abstract: A planar broadband dipole antenna including a grounded conductor plate, a radiation plate placed over the grounded conductor plate, the radiation plate having printed patterns formed on both sides, and a dielectric interposed between the grounded conductor plate and the radiation plate. Each of the upper and lower surfaces of the radiation plate includes a dipole element for radiating waves, and a feeder for feeding radio frequency signals. Accordingly, the basic advantages of micro strip antennas are included, i.e., small volume, small weight, and natural integration with printed circuits. Also, the radiation losses of the twin feed lines in the planar dipole antenna are extremely low.

Abstract: An antenna device has a first metallic layer acting as resonator plane and defining at least two radiating elements separated by a first slit, and a second metallic layer arranged substantially in parallel with the first metallic layer and acting as ground plane for the antenna device. Feeding means are connected to said first and the second metallic layer for feeding an RF signal to the antenna device, said feeding means includes a feeding point in the first metallic layer. The first metallic layer is provided with a second slit extending from said first slit with the feeding point placed on a metallized tongue between the first and the second slit, whereby surface currents have to pass around the tips of the slits towards the radiating elements.

Abstract: An antenna for use with portable radio and telephone equipment includes a main radiator and a shield plate. One end of the shield plate is attached to the outer conductor of a coaxial cable abutting the shield plate. The main radiator is attached to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable a predetermined distance away from the shield plate. The main radiator and shield plate are mounted inside an antenna housing. The shield plate includes a head section having a pair of deformable tabs forming a positioning clip for holding the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable extends beyond the positioning clip for attachment to the main radiator.

Abstract: An antenna assembly for transmitting a radio signal from a radio signal transmitting-device includes an antenna unit comprised of a dipole driven antenna member for transmitting a radio signal from the radio signal transmitting device. A radiation shielding member shields a user from a portion of the radio signal transmitted by the driven antenna member. The antenna unit may be pivotally mounted so that it is disposable at selectable positions relative to the shielding member. The dipole driven antenna member may include a first and a second segment made from a metal foil. The radiation reflector directs a portion of the radio signal away from the user toward an open transmission area, so as to extend a transmission range of the antenna assembly. At least some of the RF signal that is emitted from the driven antenna member toward the user is blocked by the radiation shielding member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antennas. One of the problems which arises during operation of antenna arrangements is that spurious signals are emitted from mounting apertures and other surface features associated with a rearwardly facing ground plane, for instance, mounting bolts which couple some of the radiated energy, and through coaxial cable connector ports. The effect of all these unwanted signals is that they will couple with other radiating elements to form intermodulation products. In receive mode these intermodulation signals can severely impair the received signal quality. The present invention provides an antenna assembly comprising a support frame 52 and individually mounted layered antennas 56, wherein an insulator-conductor sheet such as a metallized plastics film 54 is interposed between the antennas and the support frame. There is also provided a method of manufacturing such a layered antenna and of receiving and transmitting signals by means of a layered antenna of this construction.

Abstract: A miniature, multi-branch patch antenna suitable for operating in the 1 GHz to 100 GHz frequency range, a method for making same and a communication system using the same is disclosed. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises a planar dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting antenna elements each having a feed port, a ground plane and a septum located between each conducting antenna element. In a second embodiment, the antenna comprises a planar dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting antenna elements each having a feed port, a ground plane and a superstrate that is disposed on the plurality of conducting antenna elements and at least a portion of the dielectric substrate. The septum and the superstrate suppress undesirable coupling mechanisms. In a communication system according to the present invention, the miniature, multi-branch patch antenna is coupled to a transmitter and/or receiver.

Abstract: A substrate antenna that includes conductive shielding positioned adjacent to and covering at least two, preferably opposing, sides of a conductive trace or antenna structure formed by the trace or traces, supported on a substrate. The conductive enclosure is realized by using a tubular material or planar conductive layers positioned adjacent to the trace. Preferably, shielding layers are disposed on at least two opposing sides of the trace. In one embodiment, a layer of dielectric material is formed over the antenna trace, and one shielding layer is formed on a surface of the substrate opposite that of the trace, and a second shielding layer is formed on the non-conductive material, effectively sandwiching the trace and substrate between them. In further embodiments, a conductive surface is formed between and joining together the two shielding layers, along either one or two sides of the trace or substrate.

Abstract: A hybrid shield and antenna unit for a printed circuit board is disclosed. A shielding enclosure for providing RF and electromagnetic shielding of the electronic components of a circuit board is integrated with an antenna as a single unit. The hybrid shield and antenna combination may be fabricated as a single unit to provide for reduced steps in the manufacturing process thereby leading to improved economy. The hybrid shield and antenna includes a shielding enclosure for providing RF and electromagnetic shielding of an electronic component, and an antenna disposed at an end of said central enclosure, wherein the antenna and the central enclosure comprise a single continuous unit.

Abstract: A stereoscopic antenna includes a planar electroconductive pattern 2 adapted to be grounded, a loop-shaped antenna body 3 having an axis C0 lying perpendicular to the planar electroconductive pattern 2, and an antenna connection 4 for connecting the antenna body 3 to the planar electroconductive pattern 2. In this stereoscopic antenna, the ratio H/D of the longer diameter D of the antenna body 3 relative to the height H of the antenna body 3 as measured from the planar electroconductive pattern 2 is chosen to be within the range of 0.1 to 1. By making the antenna to have a three-dimensional structure different from any of the loop antenna and the rod antenna, the stereoscopic antenna compact in size can be obtained having a uniform field radiation pattern and giving rise to an increased gain.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting, locating and measuring electromagnetic radiation is provided. The apparatus may be a self-contained, portable device which permits a user to detect, locate and measure electromagnetic radiation from distance away from the radiation source in presence of interference.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement which is used for transmitting and receiving radio signals includes a capacitively tunable loop, from which received radio signals can be coupled symmetrically into a receiver stage, and which has a feed-in point, at which a signal to be radiated by the loop can be split into two signals moving in opposite directions to each other and with the same potential. Outcoupling of the received signals from the loop into the receiver stage can take place inductively via a coupling loop, or capactively via outcoupling capacitors, which are connected with the loop.

Abstract: An antenna (28) for use in a wireless communication module (10) includes a shield plate (40), an antenna loop element (42), and a transmission line element (44). The wireless communication module (10) also includes a receiver (37) having a circuit board (30). The shield plate (40) is located on a first side (32) of the circuit board (30); and the antenna loop element (42) and the transmission line element (44) are located on an opposite side (34) of the circuit board (30). The shield plate (40) is electrically connected to a first loop end (50) of the antenna loop element (42). A capacitor (64) interconnects a second loop end (52) of the antenna loop element (42) to a first transmission line end (58) of the transmission line element (44). A second transmission line end (60) is electrically open.

Abstract: A radio frequency antenna arrangement comprising an array of radiating elements, such as radiating antenna patches, which are co-located in a circuit, such as a microstrip circuit, with feeder elements which couple electromagnetic radiation to the radiating elements. The antenna arrangement has an electrically conductive backplate located behind the circuit, which acts as a groundplane and which is separated from the circuit by a dielectric layer. To reduce electromagnetic interference from the feeder elements which could disrupt the antenna pattern an electrically conductive screen is located directly in front of the feeder elements of the circuit but selectively exposes the array of radiating elements. The screen is spaced from the feeder elements and is not electrically connected to the backplate so that the screen, feeder elements and backplate do not form a triplate structure.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a docking system for connecting a portable communication device to a further signal transmission line, the portable communication device having an external radiative antenna, the system comprising a shielded housing for receivably enclosing at least a portion of the external radiative antenna of the portable communication device and a coupling probe mounted within the shielded housing for radiatively coupling between the external antenna of the portable communication device and the further signal transmission line via radio frequency energy therebetween.

Abstract: An antenna assembly for transmitting a radio signal from a radio signal transmitting device includes an antenna unit comprised of a dipole driven antenna member for transmitting a radio signal from the radio signal transmitting device. A radiation reflector reflects the radio signal transmitted by the driven antenna member, and a support member supports the driven antenna member and the radiation reflector so that a predetermined gap is precisely maintained between the driven antenna member and the radiation reflector. A shielding member shields a portion of the radio signal transmitted by the driven antenna member in a direction toward the shielding member. The antenna unit is pivotally mounted so that it is disposable at selectable positions relative to the shielding member. The output of the radio signal transmitted by the driven antenna member can be controlled depending on a position of the antenna unit. The dipole driven antenna member comprises a first and a second segment made from a metal foil.

Abstract: An antenna having a core holding a winding assembly on the inside for receiving/transmitting radio signal, and a resin shell molded on the core, wherein a metal shield is embedded in the resin shell and covered on one half of the periphery of the core to limit the direction of radiation of the radio frequency energy from the winding assembly, and to prevent the radiation from hurting the user's brain.

Abstract: A shielding device for use with a communications device, the shielding device comprising an electrically conductive element, a support for slidably supporting the conductive element, a mount to mount the support in position relative to the communication device and a slider to slide the electrically conductive element from a retracted position to an extended position, the electrically conductive element, when in the extended position, having a predetermined position relative to the antenna of the communication device.

Abstract: A shield for an existing hand-held telephone having a front face with at least a display and a keypad thereon, and an antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves. The shield includes a body portion and apparatus for pivotally mounting the body portion to the existing hand-held cellular telephone. The body portion is pivotally mounted to the existing hand-held cellular telephone and has a first position for covering and protecting the front face of the existing hand-held cellular telephone, and a second position that is substantially 180.degree. pivoted upwardly from the first position and is disposed adjacent to, and between, the antenna of the existing hand-held cellular telephone and a user and extends at least the length of the antenna of the existing hand-held cellular telephone so as the electromagnetic waves are emitted from the antenna of the existing hand-held cellular telephone, the body portion shields the user from them.

Abstract: Plural antennas are located sufficiently closely to associated radiation reflective surfaces for consequential reduction of elevation beam-width and increase gain in azimuth. Two pairs of antennas associated with differently directed said radiation reflective surfaces afford diversity action. The antennas can be dipoles and the reflective surfaces can be faces of a housing box for related electronics.

Abstract: An antenna for use with portable duplex radio transceivers, such as those found in hand-held cellular telephones, which includes a pair of co-planar radiating patch elements elevated above a conductive surface by a conductive bar. The surface and bar define a reference ground plane which inherently isolates the patches. The patches are shaped so that they operate in a desired frequency band as well as band-pass filters--one of the patches is tuned to the transmit band and serves a transmit structure, and the other patch is tuned to the receive band and serves as a receive structure. Switching devices such as positive-intrinsic negative (PIN) diodes can be disposed along the space between the patches and the ground plane to allow each structure to be tuned. The antenna is efficient, because of inherent isolation between the receive and transmit patches, and eases the front end filtering functions traditionally performed by a duplexer. It can be completely enclosed within the chassis of a hand-held telephone.

Abstract: A broad-band microstrip antenna implemented using a dielectric base as its main body is disclosed. The base has two sides where the dual-mode resonator is located on the first side, while the grounded plane is located on the second side of the dielectric base. The dual-mode resonator has a high-frequency resonator and a low-frequency resonator, which are partially positioned in parallel. Due to the electric-magnetic effects, these two resonators are mutually coupled to significantly increase the operating bandwidth. In addition, there is a feed line on the first side of the dielectric base, which connects to the dual-mode resonator to provide signal transmission. In addition, there is a grounded mask in the antenna, which is located on the first side of the dielectric base, to provide sheltering for the feed line, and connect to the grounded plane to form a closed area to provide a more complete radiation field pattern.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an antenna has four equally spaced monopole elements mounted in a symmetric array on the outer surface of a solid cylinder structure. The cylinder has a high dielectric constant, and extends from a conductive ground plane. The monopole elements can be switched by switching elements so that one or more is active, with the others acting as parasitic directors/reflectors being connected commonly to ground or left in an open circuit condition to be effectively transparent.

Abstract: An antenna is provided for a wireless communication device such as a handheld radio or cellular telephone. The antenna may be either embedded internally in the transceiver or may be mounted externally thereof. The antenna comprises a pair of 1/4 wave radiating elements which are coupled out of phase to create an end fire bi-directional pattern for the antenna. The radiating elements are attached to a micro-strip transmission phasing device which is comprised of a center conductor, a ground plane and a substrate material. The micro-strip transmission phasing device supplies a zero degree to one hundred eighty degree phase shift from one radiating element to the other radiating element.

Abstract: An antenna (100) includes a radiating element (202) covered with a protective jacket having at least one pocket selectively located therein. The at least one pocket (102) is filled with a material (105) having an absorptive index substantially higher than the index of the protective jacket (102). This material imposes substantial restriction to the free radiation of radio frequency energy. Conversely, the remainder of the jacket (102) with no pockets provides for the unrestricted radiation of the radio frequency energy therethrough. As a result the antenna (100) directionally radiates energy without the use of reflectors or additional radiating elements.

Abstract: An anti-theft tag for attachment to a theft-monitored article including a resonance circuit which resonates radio waves of a predetermined frequency transmitted from an antenna, and a shielding coil having at least two terminals. The shielding coil is disposed between the resonance circuit and the article when the anti-theft tag is attached to the article, and the at least two terminals are short-circuited.

Abstract: An antenna assembly comprising: an antenna; a circuit unit; and a device cover for connection between the antenna and the circuit unit to electrically couple the antenna to the circuit unit.

Abstract: In order to provide a device for the control of oscillating electromagnetic fields, in particular those from mobile radio transmitters, so that detrimental frequency intensity spectra are converted into largely innocuous spectra, the invention proposes that the oscillator coils are disposed parallel to each other and at least one container filled with a powder mixture is disposed longitudinal side of the oscillator coils.

Abstract: A first antenna configuration contemplates a body housing and an antenna cap positioned at a top portion of the body housing. A helical winding is disposed within the antenna cap for radiating electromagnetic waves. A reflecting plate is installed within the antenna cap at a spaced-apart distance from the helical winding for reflecting the electromagnetic waves in a direction away from a user. Polyacetal material is disposed within the antenna cap for supporting the reflecting plate.

Abstract: An antenna system for use in wireless communication systems that is based on a pair of monopole antennas, which are electrically isolated from each other and arranged generally orthogonally. A feed circuit is coupled to the first and second monopole antennas, which connects them to a host system. Also, a ground plane conductor extends generally between the feeds for the first and second monopole antennas to improve isolation. The monopole antennas are formed on a printed circuit board, formed on first and second dielectric layers. A ground plane conductive film is disposed between the dielectric layers. The first monopole antenna is formed on an outside surface of the first dielectric layer, and the second monopole antenna is formed on the outside surface of the second dielectric layer. The second monopole antenna is arranged generally orthogonally to the first monopole antenna.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for coupling a portable telephone with a built-in antenna to an external antenna. The portable telephone built-in antenna includes an exposed direct electrical contact at its base. When the portable telephone unit is placed into a receiving cavity in in external antenna coupling unit, the exposed contact is engaged by an antenna clip for connection to the external antenna. A two-section choke in the coupling unit provides shielding for the built-in antenna. The first section of the choke is coupled to the ground plane of the portable telephone, and the second section of the choke surrounds the antenna. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the choke provides shielding of the built-in antenna at a lower and at a higher frequency band.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for use in a portable cellular telephone that can avoid deterioration in signal radiation characteristics caused by the adverse influence of a user's head during the use of the telephone. Two sleeves have been fixed to a housing for a portable cellular telephone. A linear radiating conductor having a .lambda./4-electrical length is slidably supported by the housing by way of the two sleeves so that it can be both freely pulled out of or accommodated in the housing. The radiating conductor is extended at one end on the side of the power-feed point by a length equivalent to n.lambda./2. Also, a tubular conductor is coaxially disposed with the extended portion so as to form a power-feed coaxial line. When the radiating conductor is pulled out of the housing to such a degree as to reveal the coaxial line, the monopole antenna projects sufficiently away from a user's head, and a deterioration in signal radiation characteristics can thus be prevented.

Abstract: A directional antenna assembly includes a reflector and a director disposed on opposite sides of an antenna radiator element to minimize body loading effects and thereby maximize available antenna gain. The radiator is disposed in a first casing, and the reflector and director are disposed in a second casing selectively enageable with the first casing. In one arrangement, the position of the reflector and director relative to the user is adjustable to accommodate the position of the communications terminal relative to the user. In other arrangements, the directional structure is selectively enageable and disengageable with the antenna radiator.

Abstract: An antenna shroud or clutter fence has edge treatment for redirecting or absorbing energy which would otherwise be diffracted in an undesired direction. The edge treatment can include an array of corrugations which are about .lambda./4 deep for scattering sidelobes. The array of corrugations can be parallel to either the E-wave component or the H-wave component. Alternatively, the edge treatment can include an array of antennas encased in a dielectric extension.

Abstract: A hand-held communication equipment with a radiation shielding antenna apparatus is provided.

Abstract: An antenna system (20) provides low radio frequency interference (RFI) using an unbalanced antenna (21) comprised of three eighths wavelength whip antenna element (22) and associated counterpoise (23). Antenna counterpoise (23) may be formed by an EMI shielding conductor which is isolated at the frequency of operation of antenna system (20) from EMI shielding serving as host interface ground conductor (28) using resonant structure (25). Resonant structure (25) isolates antenna counterpoise (23) from host interface ground conductor (28) thereby improving antenna efficiency, and substantially eliminating RFI effects arising from use of antenna system (20).

Abstract: An antenna for a portable radio commununication device including a first elongate electrically conductive member (10) having opposed first and second ends, the first end adapted to be mounted in electrical communication to a radio communication device (18). A radiation field pattern is generated by radiation emitted by the first elongate electrically conductive member (10) and the radio communication device (18) during radio transmission, the radiation field pattern having maximum intensity at a first location. Means (24) for increasing radiation resistance is mounted to the first electrically conductive member at an opposition at generally the second end of the first member, whereby the radiation field pattern maximum intensity is shifted from the first location to a second location closer to the second end of the elongate member (10), and near field intensity of the radiation field pattern at the first location is reduced over an operational bandwidth of the radio communication device (18).

Abstract: An antenna is provided including first and second strip resonant elements, a dielectric and a metal cover. The first strip resonant element has an F-shaped area that lies in a first plane. The second strip resonant element has an L-shaped area that lies in a second plane that is parallel to the first plane. The second strip at least partially underlies the first strip. The dielectric is positioned between the first and second strips. A metal cover is provided. Part of the metal cover is positioned perpendicularly to the first and second strips so as to provide electromagnetic shielding for the first and second strips.

Abstract: A built-in antenna mounting structure for portable radio equipment, including a shield chassis formed of molded resin, whose surface except an antenna mounting surface is treated with a conductive material, a printed wiring board mounted on the shield chassis and having a transmitting/receiving circuit, and a built-in antenna formed from a metal plate and mounted on the antenna mounting surface of the shield chassis. The built-in antenna has a platelike antenna element and an elastic short-circuit plate for short-circuiting the antenna element to the shield chassis. The shield chassis is held at an edge portion thereof between the short-circuit plate and the antenna element, thereby mounting the built-in antenna on the shield chassis.

Abstract: A ring antenna (10) for resonant circuits for identifying metallic containers has an annular core (11) having at least one core surface (11a') corresponding to at least one surface of the container and made from ferrite. The core may be U-shaped, having a base portion and a first and second arm portions, or L-shaped, having a base portion and a first arm portion (11a). The antenna (10) also has a copper wire coil (12) wound around a first portion of the core; and an aluminum shield (13) affixed to the at least one core surface (11b') and separating the core from the surface of the container. Further, a interrogation system for identifying metallic containers includes the ring antenna (10) coupled to a resonant circuit (86) included in a transponder or a reader.

Abstract: A dual-band antenna coupler for use in an adapter for portable radiotelephone. A plurality of curved bands of metal are positioned on a ground plane, with at least two of the plurality of curved bands of metal being electrically isolated from the ground plane so as to couple radio frequency (RF) signals to and from the antenna of the portable radiotelephone. The isolated curved bands of metal couple RF signals between the antenna of the portable radiotelephone and first and second matching circuits designed to match the portable radiotelephone antenna at each of the respective frequency bands. A selector switch coupled to the output of the matching circuits selects the appropriate matching circuit output for connection to an external antenna. The adapter also includes at least one ground pin mounted on the ground plane. When the portable radiotelephone is interfaced with the antenna coupler, the ground pin makes electrical contact with a ground reference connection on the portable radiotelephone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for shielding and/or redirecting radiation from a portable communication device, such as a cellular telephone is provided. In one embodiment, a conductive shield or passive antenna is positioned between the cellular telephone active antenna and the location of the user's head when the cellular telephone is in the operative position. In one embodiment, the shield is configured to reflect radiation in a pattern which is multi-directional. In another configuration, the shield is configured to reflect radiation in a preferred axial direction. Latches or other devices can be used to assure that the shield is positioned and maintained in the desired location. Insulation may be used between the shield and antenna. The shield can be made of a single unitary piece or a plurality of disconnected pieces. The shield may be reconfigurable, e.g., to accommodate a telescoping antenna.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield for a handheld cellular phone that is particularly useful for shielding a hearing aid against EMI from the phone's antenna. The device includes a base and a flap laminated with a metallic shielding. The base attaches to the receiver end of the cellular phone and the flap rests over the base when the phone is not in use. In operation, the flap extends away from the base forming an enclosure about the user's ear for shielding the hearing aid from EMI when the phone is in use.

Abstract: A novel and improved antenna coupler useful in an adapter for a portable radiotelephone. In a first embodiment, a plurality of curved bands of metal are positioned on a ground plane, with at least one of the plurality of curved bands of metal being electrically isolated from the ground plane so as to couple RF signals to and from the antenna of a portable telephone. At least one ground pin is also mounted on the ground plane. When a portable radiotelephone is interfaced with the antenna coupler, the at least one ground pin makes electrical contact with assembly screws or an external ground pad of a battery charging port on the portable radiotelephone. In a second embodiment, a coupling pin makes direct contact with an component of the RF chain of the portable radiotelephone. In a third embodiment, a helical coupler surrounds the antenna of the portable radiotelephone.

Abstract: An antenna coupling apparatus, an external-antenna connecting apparatus, and an onboard external-antenna connecting apparatus which inhibits unnecessary power emissions, reduces transmission loss, and offers high durability and high ease of operation, has an electromagnetic coupling element consisting of a conductor that is not in contact with a first antenna with respect to DC components and a ground conductor element consisting of a conductor that is not in contact with the first antenna with respect to DC components and in contact with a ground conductor with respect to DC components and reflecting the power transmitted or received by the first antenna toward the electromagnetic coupling element.

Abstract: A hand-held radio telephone for communication through an orbiting satellite is provided. An antenna assembly is fixed to the hand-held radio telephone and includes a radiation absorber defining an open curved shape in cross section, so as to define an open transmission area. An antenna is disposed adjacent to the open transmission area so that during use of the hand-held radio telephone some of the radiation signal emitted from the antenna is absorbed by the radiation absorber. The radiation signal that is not absorbed by the radiation absorber is transmitted through the open transmission area for reception by a remote receiver, such as an orbiting satellite. At least one parasitic radiation redirection element receives radiation emitted from the antenna. The radiation received by the parasitic radiation redirection element is directed toward the open transmission area, so as to extend a transmission range of the antenna assembly, and thus extend the transmission range of the hand-held radio telephone.

Abstract: Array antenna has a number of radiating elements and is provided with an arrangement to reduce the reflection of the incident radiation in a direction opposite to that of the incident radiation. The arrangement includes electrically conducting elements which are located between the radiating elements and substantially parallel to the electrical field of the radiating elements.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a docking system for connecting a portable communication device to a further signal transmission line. The portable communication device has an external radiative antenna. The docking system for the portable communication device comprises a shielded housing for receivably enclosing at least a portion of the external radiative antenna of the portable communication device. A coupling probe is mounted within the shielded housing for radiatively coupling the external antenna of the portable communication device and the further signal transmission line via radio frequency energy therebetween.

Abstract: A shield for blocking radiation emanating from an antenna within a predetermined radial spectrum. The inventive device includes an arcuate shield positionable along an exterior of an antenna. A securing mechanism is coupled to the shield for securing a position thereof relative to the antenna such that radiation is excluded from a predetermined radial spectrum to protect a head of a user from the radiation.

Abstract: An antenna coupler (100) for use in a mobile adaptor (102, 300) transfers radio frequency (RF) energy between a portable radio antenna system (204) and an external antenna (124) with minimal coupling losses. The antenna coupler (100) includes a resonator patch (110) and an electromagnetic tuning element (112) forming side walls on a substrate for receiving the portable antenna system (204). The electromagnetic tuning element (112) controls the impedance between the resonator patch (110) and the portable antenna system (204) while the resonator patch transfers the RF energy between the portable radio antenna and the external antenna (124).

Abstract: A hand-held radio telephone for communication through an orbiting satellite is provided. An antenna assembly is fixed to the hand-held radio telephone and includes a radiation absorber defining an open curved shape in cross section, so as to define an open transmission area. An antenna is disposed adjacent to the open transmission area so that during use of the hand-held radio telephone some of the radiation signal emitted from the antenna is absorbed by the radiation absorber. The radiation signal that is not absorbed by the radiation absorber is transmitted through the open transmission area for reception by a remote receiver, such as an orbiting satellite. At least one parasitic radiation redirection element receives radiation emitted from the antenna. The radiation received by the parasitic radiation redirection element is directed toward the open transmission area, so as to extend a transmission range of the antenna assembly, and thus extend the transmission range of the hand-held radio telephone.