Abstract: A touch display device and a display panel uniformly distributing capacitances between the touch lines and the touch electrodes are provided. The device includes a display panel in which a plurality of X-touch electrodes are electrically connected to form a X-touch electrode line and a plurality of X-touch electrode lines arranged in parallel to receive a plurality of touch driving signals, and a plurality of Y-touch electrode lines to transmit a plurality of touch sensing signals, and a touch driving circuit. A plurality of X-touch lines transmit the touch driving signals connect together the plurality of X-touch electrodes constituting a same X-touch electrode line through a plurality of contact holes. Distances between at least one Y-touch electrode line and the plurality of contact holes through which the plurality of X-touch lines are electrically connected to the X-touch electrodes adjacent to the at least one Y-touch electrode line are uniform.

Abstract: A touch control method is provided. The touch control method is applied in a touch device including a plurality of touch electrodes, the touch control method includes: step S1, sending a scanning signal to the plurality of touch electrodes, the scanning signal being a multi-frequency scanning signal; step S2, acquiring touch data according to the multi-frequency scanning signal; and step S3, calculating a current touch position according to the touch data.

Abstract: Touch detection includes obtaining image data for a finger and a target surface, and determining a touch region in the image data on which the fingertip makes contact with the target surface. A pointing direction of the finger in the image data is determined, and a target region is estimated on the target surface based on the touch region and the pointing direction, wherein the touch region comprises a portion of the target surface that extends from the touch region in a direction of the pointing direction.

Abstract: An electronic device capable of sensing a contact by a peripheral device according to various embodiments may comprise: at least one coil configured to be linked to the peripheral device; and at least one processor configured to sense a contact by the peripheral device. The at least one processor may be configured to: detect a first reception signal from the at least one coil during a first period; apply a first transmission signal to the at least one coil during a second period after the passage of the first period; detect a second reception signal from the at least one coil during a third period after the passage of the second period; and check whether or not the peripheral device has been inserted in the electronic device based on the first reception signal and the second reception signal, wherein the first reception signal is not generated by the peripheral device, and the second reception signal is generated in response to the reception, by the peripheral device, of the first transmission signal.

Abstract: An electronic device including a flexible display that is rollable or slidable and a method for operating the electronic device are provided. A first screen of a first function is displayed in a first area of a flexible display exposed to the outside. When a rolling movement or a sliding movement of the flexible display is identified, device state information including information indicating a power level of a battery of the electronic device is acquired. A first screen redrawing method is determined from among multiple screen redrawing methods by using the device state information. During the rolling movement or the sliding movement, a second screen corresponding to the first screen is displayed in a second area exposed to the outside by the rolling movement or the sliding movement of the flexible display, according to the first screen redrawing method.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for an anomaly detection framework that operates as an executable analysis tool for devices to operate in order to determine whether the device contains an unresponsive touch screen (e.g., defective or malfunctioning touch screen). The disclosed framework can analyze the capacitance capabilities of the touch screen, inclusive of the touch layers associated with the touch screen panel, and determine when a device's touch screen is unresponsive to user provided input, which can be any type of touch or gesture provided on a touch screen.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a display apparatus includes: a substrate; a plurality of pixels arrayed on the substrate; a plurality of inorganic light-emitting elements that are provided in the pixels, respectively; a transistor provided to a first surface of the substrate and coupled to one of the inorganic light-emitting elements; wiring provided to the first surface of the substrate and coupled to the transistor; and a circular polarization plate provided on a first side of the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided. The electronic apparatus includes a display; a sensor configured to detect a fingerprint of a user on the display; and a processor configured to: identify the fingerprint of the user based on information from the sensor; and control the display to display a path configured to guide a user touch on the display to move to a boundary of the display from a first region where the fingerprint has been detected.

Abstract: A system with a simple, intuitive, efficient interface is described for creating multi-tagged image files and playing back the tags upon demand. The system includes a display for displaying the image to a user, a user interface is adapted to receive user input to create a user-selectable zone around each selected location, a recording device for creating an object associated with each user-selectable zone and a packing device that merges the image, the user-selectable zones and their associated objects into a tagged image file having a unique filename extension indicating that it is a tagged image file, and saving the tagged image. On playback, the image is displayed to the user who may select a user-selectable zone. The object file associated with that zone is played back. The user may also select an option that causes the objects to autoplay in a pre-determined sequence. The user may also delete, edit, or re-record objects.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate includes a plurality of thin film transistors including an oxide semiconductor layer, an interlayer insulating layer, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged above the interlayer insulating layer, a common electrode arranged between the pixel electrode and the interlayer insulating layer and also configured to function as a touch sensor electrode, a first dielectric layer arranged between the interlayer insulating layer and the common electrode, a second dielectric layer arranged between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, a plurality of touch wiring lines arranged between the interlayer insulating layer and the common electrode and formed of a third conductive film, and a plurality of pixel contact portions, in which each of the plurality of pixel contact portions includes a drain electrode of the thin film transistor, a connection electrode formed of the third conductive film and electrically connected to the drain electrode in a lower opening formed in the interlayer i

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices detect defects in touch panels. Methods include scanning, using a designated integration window, a plurality of electrodes of a sensing device to obtain a plurality of measurements and determining a plurality of variance values for the plurality of electrodes based on the plurality of measurements, the plurality of variance values identifying variances in the plurality of measurements between adjacent sense locations of the sensing device. Methods also include determining if a defect is present in the sensing device based, at least in part, on a comparison of the plurality of difference values with the plurality of threshold values.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a sensor unit configured to detect a touch operation; a first control unit configured to supply a first signal to the display panel; and a second control unit configured to calculate touch information related to the touch operation and to supply the touch information to the first control unit. The first control unit includes: a signal generator configured to generate the first signal based on an image signal supplied from an external image signal supply source; and an overdrive circuit configured to perform a process of increasing an amplitude of the first signal generated by the signal generator. The overdrive circuit is actuated based on the touch information from the second control unit. The first control unit, in response to the actuation of the overdrive circuit, supplies the first signal having the amplitude increased by the overdrive circuit to the display panel.

Abstract: A touch panel device includes a cover panel having a front surface including an operation region on which a touch operation is performed and a back surface as a surface on a side opposite to the front surface, a first adhesive material provided on the back surface, a touch panel unit that includes a base substrate and a plurality of touch sensor electrodes provided on a region of the base substrate corresponding to the operation region and is arranged to face the back surface via the first adhesive material, a first displacement detection electrode provided on a part of the back surface outside a region of the back surface corresponding to the operation region, and a second displacement detection electrode provided on a part of the base substrate outside the region of the base substrate corresponding to the operation region to face the first displacement detection electrode.

Abstract: A scanning operation is performed to measure a first capacitance of a first sensor arrangement located proximate a capacitive sensor that corresponds to a function of a device. In response to the first capacitance not exceeding a first threshold, the scanning operation measures a second capacitance of the capacitive sensor to create an output used to control the function of the device. In response to the first capacitance exceeding the first threshold, operation of the scanning operation is modified to skip measuring of the second capacitance or to refrain from transmitting the output to a host of the device for controlling the function.

Abstract: A touchscreen device includes a touchscreen (2), support parts (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) supporting a periphery of the touchscreen (2), and an information output unit outputting information corresponding to an external force acting on the touchscreen (2). Each support part (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) has thereon a pressure sensor (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) arranged such that a pressure sensing surface thereof is in contact with the periphery of the touchscreen (2) and has a predetermined angle with respect to a planar surface of the touchscreen (2). The information output unit is configured to recognize, based on detected values detected by the pressure sensors (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), an acting direction along the planer surface of the touchscreen (2) of the external force acting on the touchscreen (2) and output, to the outside, information on the acting direction and positional information detected by the touchscreen (2) for a position on the touchscreen where the external force is acting.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an artificial reality system orchestrating interactions between virtual object “augments.” The orchestration can include linking, which can be forming two or more augments into a combination, embedding an augment within an existing combination, or triggering an action mapped to the linking of those augments. Another type of orchestration can include extracting, which can refer to taking an augment out of an existing combination, either by removing it from the combination or copying the augment to leave a version in the combination and having another version outside the combination.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods, apparatuses, and techniques for capturing a fingerprint image using an electronic device with an under-display fingerprint sensor (UDFPS) embedded under a display screen of a display system. The display system utilizes a pulse-width modulation circuit to generate a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal to control light emitted by the display screen. As the display screen illuminates a user's touch, the UDFPS captures light reflected off the user's touch, therefore, capturing the fingerprint image. The captured fingerprint image, however, includes a PWM noise. The electronic device uses a noise-filtering algorithm to filter out and/or reduce the PWM noise in the captured fingerprint image. In one aspect, the noise-filtering algorithm estimates and/or determines the PWM noise in the captured fingerprint image. The noise-filtering algorithm then reduces, extracts, and/or filters out the PWM noise from the captured fingerprint image.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present disclosure include a content management system that allows a user to easily activate a camera while viewing digital content. For example, a content management system can provide a graphical user interface that includes a scroll element that allows a user to navigate through digital content. In addition, a user can interact with the scroll element to activate a camera. For instance, a user can activate a camera by scrolling the scroll element to and/or beyond a particular position.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus of editing a multimedia file, an electronic device, and a storage medium. The method includes: acquiring a multimedia file and an operation information contained in each editing track of a plurality of editing tracks, wherein the operation information is acquired to edit the multimedia file; detecting a multimedia file frame contained in the each editing track at a current time in a case of editing the multimedia file in a chronological order; editing the multimedia file frame contained in the each editing track at the current time by using the operation information associated with the multimedia file frame, so as to obtain an edited file frame contained in the each editing track at the current time; and performing an encoding synthesis on the edited file frame contained in the each editing track at the current time.

Abstract: Revising a delivery route for a user based on, at least, identified disruptions is provided. A computer device identifies delivery parameters for a delivery, wherein the delivery parameters include (i) a delivery route from a shipping location to a delivery location, and (ii) one or more delivery constraints. The computing device displays the delivery route on a graphical user interface (GUI), wherein the GUI is configured to be interacted with by one or more users. The computing devices receives from a user via the GUI, a definition of an environmental disruption. The computing device generates a revised delivery route, wherein the revised delivery route modifies the delivery route to avoid the environmental disruption while satisfying the one or more delivery constraints. The computing device displays the revised delivery route on the GUI.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display configured to display a user interface window for receiving a letter input; a communication interface configured to receive a control instruction for inputting letters from a control device; and a controller configured to control the display to selectively display an on-screen keypad for inputting letters on the user interface window based on whether the control device includes letter keys for inputting letters.

Abstract: A media content recording system receives one or more media content streams, such as a video content stream and an audio content stream captured at a computing device. The system also records sensor data collected by one or more sensors of the computing device, such as touch sensors or movement sensors. The system generates a synchronized media content by synchronizing the one or more media content streams with the sensor data. The media content recording system, or a media content playback system, uses the synchronized media content to generate playback content that illustrates inputs to or movement of the computing device while receiving the media content, synchronized with the media content. This playback content is then played back, allowing another user to see, synchronized with the audio or video content, what locations of the computing device the recording user touched or how the recording user moved the computing device.

Abstract: The combination of active and reference haptics on an electronic device, such as a wearable display device, can convey information to a user without requiring the user to look at the device. An electronic device may include a housing, a display disposed in the housing and including an interface surface arranged for user contact and a reference haptic. The interface surface includes an active haptic output that provides a time-dependent haptic output and a reference haptic disposed on the housing or the interface surface to provide a time-independent haptic output related to the time-dependent haptic output.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a foldable housing including a hinge, a first housing connected to the hinge and including a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction, and a second housing connected to the hinge, the second housing including a third surface facing a third direction and a fourth surface facing a fourth direction opposite to the third direction, wherein the first housing and the second housing are foldable relative to each with respect to the hinge, and the first surface faces the third surface in a folded state and the third direction is the same as the first direction in an unfolded state, and a first display forming the first surface and the third surface and extending from the first surface to the third surface.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a substrate, and a thin film transistor TFT, a first passivation layer and a transparent electrode disposed on the substrate. Only the first passivation layer is disposed between the transparent electrode and an active layer in the TFT. In this way, a film structure of the array substrate is effectively simplified because no organic insulation layer is disposed in the array substrate, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process of the array substrate and reducing the manufacturing cost of the array substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of electronic documents utilized in a transaction are automatically managed. For each separate document of the plurality, a custom printer driver receives instructions to a printer for printing the document. Instead of printing the document, the custom printer driver creates a file in a standard format such as PDF containing the document, based on the received print instructions. Content concerning the transaction is automatically added to at least one corresponding field of the file containing the document in the standard format. At least one electronic signature for the document is received, and automatically added to at least one corresponding location of the document in the standard format. The file containing the document in the standard format is saved with the added content concerning the transaction and the at least one electronic signature, and the saved file is associated with the transaction.

Abstract: A touch screen panel includes: a flat panel display including an upper substrate, a lower substrate, and pixels arranged on a display region of the lower substrate in a stripe arrangement; first sensing cells arranged in a first direction on the upper substrate and second sensing cells arranged in a second direction on the upper substrate; first connection patterns electrically connecting adjacent ones of the first sensing cells to each other in the first direction, and second connection patterns electrically connecting adjacent ones of the second sensing cells to each other in the second direction, wherein at least one of the first connection patterns and the second connection patterns is inclined so that it partially overlaps with the pixels.

Abstract: A full-area touch device includes a touch control assembly, a plurality of support elastic sheet assemblies, a support frame and a limiting unit structure. The touch control assembly is movably disposed on the support frame. The support elastic sheet assemblies is disposed between the touch control assembly and the support frame to enable the touch control assembly to move relative to the support frame between an unpressed position and a pressed position. The limiting unit structures is disposed between the touch control assembly and the support frame for limiting height position and travel distance of the touch control assembly.

Abstract: A touch control chip, a coding method, and an electronic device are provided, which can effectively reduce influence of a coding signal of a touch control layer of a screen on a display layer. The touch control chip includes: a driving circuit configured to output the coding signal to a display layer of the screen; and a control circuit configured to adjust a driving impedance of the driving circuit during a period when the driving circuit outputs the coding signal, so that a value of the driving impedance in a display sensitive interval of the display layer is greater than a value of the driving impedance in a time interval outside the display sensitive interval, where the display sensitive interval includes a pixel update interval of the display layer, and the pixel update interval is the time interval for a pixel in the display layer to receive a data signal.

Abstract: An input device is characterized in that in a first stroke region in which an operation panel is pushed during a touch operation, a first reaction force that occurs by pushing the operation panel is generated by the first elastic portion. In a second stroke region including a stroke longer than in the first stroke region and a stroke for performing a push operation, a second reaction force that occurs by pushing the operation panel is a resultant force generated by a first elastic portion and the push switch. In the vicinity of a boundary between the first stroke region and the second stroke region, the amount of change in the first reaction force with respect to a stroke length is less than the amount of change in the second reaction force with respect to a stroke length.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes: transmitting a plurality of first transmitting signals from a plurality of transmitting areas of the first touch device; determining, by the second touch device, whether a first sensing signal corresponding to the plurality of first transmitting signals is received; if yes selecting, by the second touch device, a receiving area in a first overlap range according to signal intensity of the first sensing signal; transmitting a second transmitting signal from the receiving area; determining, by the first touch device, whether a second sensing signal corresponding to the second transmitting signal is received; if yes, selecting, by the first touch device, a first transmitting area in a second overlap range from the plurality of transmitting areas according to signal intensity of the second sensing signal; determining a final transmitting area and a final receiving area; and performing a data transmission process.

Abstract: A control device includes a detection unit, a specifying unit, and a phase offset control unit. The detection unit detects a contact position on a display provided with a plurality of drive units that performs tactile presentation. The specifying unit specifies, based on the contact position detected by the detection unit, a target phase offset, which is a phase offset being an acquisition target of a plurality of drive signals each of which drives each of the plurality of drive units. The phase offset control unit adjusts the phase offset of the plurality of drive signals so as to obtain the target phase offset specified by the specifying unit.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium records an input program for causing a computer to execute selecting contents displayed on a display screen of a display, and inputting the selected contents to an input area on the display screen upon receiving an execution instruction while the selected contents are selected.

Abstract: An information handling system may include a processor, a display device communicatively coupled to the processor, and a basic input/output system (BIOS) communicatively coupled to the processor and configured to cause the processor to, during a pre-boot environment of the information handling system, collect contextual information regarding the information handling system, based on the contextual information, determine whether to enable soft keyboard functionality, and responsive to a determination to enable soft keyboard functionality, cause display of soft keyboard functionality to the display device.

Abstract: A sensor module according to an embodiment includes a cover member, a first sensor array overlapping the cover member, the first sensor array including a plurality of first sensor electrodes, the first sensor array being a non-contact type, a control unit receiving a detection signal output from the first sensor array and generating coordinate information based on the detection signal, a drive unit receiving the coordinate information from the control unit and outputting a drive signal based on the coordinate information, and a drive electrode array overlapping the first sensor array, the drive electrode array being driven based on the drive signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to a touch display device. As a shape of a touch electrode adjacent to a boundary of an active area is implemented according to an arrangement structure of a light-emitting area of a subpixel, a touch sensing structure can be disposed to be suitable to an image display structure of a display panel.

Abstract: A computer screen filter includes an optical layer for changing the optical characteristic of a light emitted from a computer screen and a bonding mechanism layer, locally disposed on at least three sides of the optical layer. The optical layer is substantially in a rectangular shape and has two sides, and the bonding mechanism layer is disposed on a side of the optical layer, and the computer screen filter is only connected to a side of the computer screen by the bonding mechanism layer in a non-permanent fixation manner.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes a driving signal generator and an encoder. The driving signal generator is configured to generate a driving signal. The encoder includes a multiplexer, a plurality of driver/receiver circuits and a summation circuit. The multiplexer is configured to receive multiple sensing signals in response to the driving signal. Among the driver/receiver circuits, a first driver/receiver circuit is configured to receive at least one first sensing signal, and apply a first gain to the first sensing signal to generate a first encoded signal; and a second driver/receiver circuit is configured to receive at least one second sensing signal other than the first sensing signal, and apply a second gain different from the first gain to the second sensing signal to generate a second encoded signal. The summation circuit is configured to sum up the first encoded signal and the second encoded signal to generate an encoded data.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a system and method for detecting liveness including generating a first cue for presentation to a user via a client device, the first cue for inducing a first action when the user is live; receiving sensor data representing a first reaction by the user to the first cue; determining, based on the first reaction, whether the first reaction satisfies a threshold; and determining that the user is live based on a determination that the first reaction satisfies a threshold.

Abstract: Provided is a stereoscopic surface display device including a stereoscopic display unit having a cell area, wherein the stereoscopic display unit includes a first flexible layer, a first optical waveguide and a first optical output unit in the first flexible layer, wherein the first optical output unit are disposed in the cell area, a first light source disposed on a side of the stereoscopic display unit, wherein the first optical waveguide connects the first light source and the first optical output unit, a first photothermal response layer on the first flexible layer, wherein the first photothermal response layer is configured to receive output light emitted from the first optical output unit and emit thermal energy, and a shape deformation layer on the first photothermal response layer, wherein the shape deformation layer is configured to generate bending deformation by receiving the thermal energy from the first photothermal response layer.

Abstract: A sidelink device can perform a network coded sidelink transmission without increasing resource overhead by using resources originally reserved for retransmission of a packet. The sidelink device can reuse the reserved resources when retransmission is not needed based on feedback of the initial sidelink transmission. In one aspect, the sidelink device can use reserved retransmission resources to transmit a network coded transmission of sidelink data received from other sidelink devices. In one aspect, the sidelink device can use the reserved retransmission resources to transmit a network coded transmission including a retransmission of the sidelink device's own sidelink data and sidelink data from other devices.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an electronic device displays, on a display, a screensaver. In some embodiments, while displaying the screensaver, the electronic device receives an input detected on a touch-sensitive surface of one or more input devices. In some embodiments, in response to the input, if the electronic device is in a music playback mode when the input is received and if the input is a click input at a first region of a plurality of regions of the touch-sensitive surface, then the electronic device displays, on the display, a representation of the music playing in response to the input overlaid on the screensaver. In some embodiments, in response to the input, if the input is a click input at a second region of a plurality of regions of the touch-sensitive surface, then the electronic device ceases displaying the screensaver.

Abstract: A display device including a non-sensing area and a sensing area with a first sensing area and a second sensing area spaced apart from each other in a first direction, includes a light emitting element emitting light, and a sensor unit including a plurality of first sensor electrodes disposed in the first sensing area and extending in the first direction, a plurality of second sensor electrodes disposed in the second sensing area and extending in the first direction, a plurality of third sensor electrodes disposed in the first sensing area and extending in a second direction different from the first direction, a plurality of fourth sensor electrodes disposed in the second sensing area and extending in the second direction, and a connection pattern disposed in the non-sensing area. The connection pattern electrically connects the plurality of third sensor electrodes to the plurality of fourth sensor electrodes.

Abstract: An electronic device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface displays a mediate item representation corresponding to a sequence of images in a first display mode of user-selectable display modes, where the media item is part of a collection of ordered media items such that prior media item(s) precede the first media item and subsequent media item(s) follow the first media item in the order. In response to detecting touch input including movement in a direction, the device: upon determining that a subsequent media item corresponding to a second sequence of images is designated as being displayed in the first display mode, displays the subsequent media item in the first display mode, and upon determining that the subsequent media item is designated as being displayed in a second display mode different from the first display mode, displays the subsequent media item in the second display mode.

Abstract: A head-mounted display comprises: a wearing body; a display; a communication module configured to perform communication connection with a mobile information terminal; a field of view (FOV) sensor configured to output status data used for determining whether the mobile information terminal is included in a user's FOV through the wearing body; and a controller connected to each of the display, the communication module, and the FOV detection sensor. The controller determines whether the mobile information terminal is included in the user's FOV based on the status data, and performs display control with respect to the display so as to display an application screen of the mobile information terminal on the display when determining that the mobile information terminal is not included in the FOV, and not to display the application screen on the display when determining that the mobile information terminal is included in the FOV.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed are directed to a computing system that performs steps for providing follow-the-leader tapping control signals to one or more tapping devices. The computing system captures an interaction between a first user device and a user of the first user device. The computing system then generates a tapping control signal configured to instruct a tapping device to interact with a second user device based on the captured interaction. Subsequently, the computing system transmits the tapping control signal to the tapping device.

Abstract: A detecting device includes a sensor unit having a detection region in which a plurality of electrodes are arrayed, and a detector configured to detect a gesture corresponding to movement of an object to be detected in a space on the detection region based on a detected value of each of the electrodes.

Abstract: A display device with a touch detection device is provided and includes display elements that are surrounded by scan lines each extending in first direction and signal lines each extending in second direction crossing first direction; touch detection electrodes opposed to display elements; metal wires disposed on each of touch detection electrodes and extending along signal lines, wherein metal wires being overlapped with corresponding one of signal lines, wherein metal wires are disposed without crossing each other and spaced from each other.

Abstract: An electronic device including a display panel, a cushion member disposed below the display panel, an electronic module inserted into a hole defined by the display panel and the cushion member, and a light blocking pattern disposed on the electronic module with the display panel therebetween. The electronic module is spaced apart from a sidewall configured to define the hole in a first state in which the display panel and the cushion member are folded and a second state in which the display panel and the cushion member are unfolded.

Abstract: Integrated systems for force or strain sensing and haptic feedback are described herein. An example force-haptic system can include a sensor chip configured to receive an applied force, where the sensor chip includes at least one sensing element and an integrated circuit. The force-haptic system can also include a haptic actuator configured to convert an electrical excitation signal into mechanical vibration. Further, the force-haptic system can include a circuit board, where the sensor chip and the haptic actuator are electrically and mechanically coupled to the circuit board. The integrated circuit can be configured to process an electrical signal received from the at least one sensing element and to output the electrical excitation signal.