Abstract: A system for controlling light transmittance includes a panel which is capable of at least one of darkening and lightening in response to applied electric voltage and/or current. The panel includes at least one substrate, an electrically conductive coating on at least a portion of a surface of the at least one substrate forming at least one electrode, and an electrochromic medium covering portions of the at least one substrate and the at least one electrode and in electrical communication with the electrode. The system further includes a power supply in electrical communication with the at least one electrode and a controller in communication with the power supply configured to cause the power supply to apply a voltage and/or current to the at least one electrode according to a predetermined pattern for controlling the transmittance of the panel. The predetermined pattern comprises a plurality of micro-pulses which are less than or equal to 0.5 second in duration.

Abstract: This invention focuses on electrooptic devices and in particular on electrochromic (EC) devices with many aspects directed towards automotive EC mirrors. This invention improves the visual impact of such devices by employing modifications to the materials and layers so that their refractive index can be changed and/or matched to get this improvement. In addition this also discloses use of in-molded electronic components to reduce the assembly cost of these devices and improve their reliability. Displays can be incorporated in EC mirrors while having reflective coatings on the fourth surface.

Abstract: Multi-pane laminates having electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems, multi-pane window units having electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems, single panes with electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems, and methods of fabricating components thereof.

Abstract: An EWOD device includes a first and second substrate assemblies, and a spacer that spaces apart the first substrate assembly from the second substrate assembly to define a channel between them. The spacer defines fluid input ports that are in fluid communication with the channel, and the spacer is configured for directing fluid from the fluid input ports into the channel. The spacer has a combed spacer configuration to define the fluid input ports, including alternating teeth that extend into the channel from a base region, and the teeth isolate adjacent fluid input ports from each other. The spacer may contact only a portion of the first and second substrate assemblies to form a spacerless region within the EWOD device, and the spacer includes regions that are in contact with both the first and second substrate assemblies and extend into the channel to define a cell-gap of the channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high quality display device which avoids complicated element structure, and does not unnecessarily reduce portability. The display device comprises: a pair of substrates which are disposed facing each other, and on each of which electrodes are formed; and a material layer which is sandwiched between the pair of substrates. The material layer contains: a coloring material which changes color upon the application of a voltage; and a light-emitting material which emits light upon photoexcitation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display screen, comprising a non-display region which comprises at least one frame rim and a display region which comprises a plurality of pixels, wherein a plurality of regional units each provided with electrochromic material is formed on a surface of the frame rim, and, each of the regional units is configured to display a color corresponding to a color displayed on one of the pixels adjacent to the regional unit when the regional unit is supplied with a voltage associated with the color displayed on the one of the pixels adjacent to the regional unit during a displaying of a picture on the display screen. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides a spliced display screen consisted of a plurality of the abovementioned display screen, and a drive method for the abovementioned display screen.

Abstract: Structures and protocols are presented for signaling a status or decision concerning a wireless service or device within a region to a communication device (smartphone or wearable device, e.g.) or other wireless communication participant (motor vehicle having a wireless communication capability, e.g.).

Abstract: Structures and protocols are presented for signaling a status or decision concerning a wireless service or device within a region to a communication device (smartphone or wearable device, e.g.) or other wireless communication participant (motor vehicle having a wireless communication capability, e.g.).

Abstract: A light control method for a light control element which can be used even as a transmission-type one, has a high-quality mirror state enabling a high contrast ratio, and enables a display in multiple colors. To this end, in this light control method for a light control element, with respect to a light control element containing a pair of substrates, a pair of electrodes formed on opposed surfaces of the pair of substrates, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes and including an electrochromic material containing silver and a mediator, the applied voltage to be applied between the pair of electrodes is changed in one light control period.

Abstract: Provided in the present invention is a vacuum glass, comprising: a plurality of plate glasses arranged to be spaced apart at fixed distances; a sealing material provided along edges of the plate glasses to seal and adhere to the plate glasses; and a plurality of pillars arranged between the plate glasses to maintain the distances between the plate glasses. The plurality of pillars are arranged at different arrangement distances in vertical and horizontal directions. Thus, the thermal insulation performance of the vacuum glass may be improved, and stress applied to the vacuum glass may be reduced by the pillars to secure the safety of a product.

Abstract: The technology described in this document may be embodied in a method for controlling a display element. The method includes setting a first drive voltage configured to drive a first terminal of the display element such that the first drive voltage is set to a higher value than a second drive voltage configured to drive a second terminal of the display element. The first and second drive voltages can be configured to cause the display element to present a first display state. The method also includes performing adjustments to the first drive voltage and the second drive voltage such that the first drive voltage is less than the second drive voltage. The adjustments are configured in accordance with whether the display element is to present a second display state different from the first display state.

Abstract: A method of driving an electrowetting display device having at least one display element for displaying a display effect during a display period. The method determines a change in the display effect. Depending on the change, the display may be driven using a first driving scheme or a second driving scheme. The second driving scheme applies a voltage indicative of the display state a different number of times during the display period than the first driving scheme.

Abstract: A method of driving an electrowetting display device having at least one display element for displaying a display effect. The method determines a change in the display effect. Depending on the change the display element may be DC driven or AC driven.

Abstract: A method of driving an electrowetting display device for displaying images. The display device has a plurality of display elements arranged in an active matrix. The matrix has rows and columns. A specific display element is addressed by applying a voltage to the display elements along the column of the specific display element and selecting the row of the specific display element. The method includes determining a first group of rows where the voltages to be applied to the display elements in a predefined column or group of columns are within a first range smaller than a range over which the voltage is controllable; and selecting the rows in the first group consecutively.

Abstract: Discussed is a display device using a semiconductor light emitting device. In a display device including a plurality of semiconductor light emitting devices, each of the plurality of semiconductor light emitting devices includes a first conductive semiconductor layer, a second conductive semiconductor layer overlapped with the first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer disposed between the first conductive semiconductor layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer, a first electrode deposited on the first conductive semiconductor layer, and a second electrode deposited on the second conductive semiconductor layer, wherein the first electrode is extended toward an adjoining semiconductor light emitting device to be electrically connected to the adjoining semiconductor light emitting device.

Abstract: A TFT-LCD driving circuit is disclosed. The TFT-LCT driving circuit comprises input terminals, output terminals, and a processing circuit connected between the input terminals and the output terminals, for processing a CPV signal, an OE1 signal, an OE2 signal, and a STV signal, so that a set time interval exists between a falling edge of the output CLK signal and a rising edge of the CLKB signal in one cycle of the CLK signal, or that the set time interval exists between a rising edge of the output CLK signal and a falling edge of the CLKB signal in one cycle of the CLKB signal. Confusion of data input to pixel electrodes due to delays of gate driving signals may be avoided by the TFT-LCD driving circuit.

Abstract: A high-speed, high-resolution, triangulation-based, 3-D method and system for inspecting manufactured parts and sorting the inspected parts are provided. The method includes consecutively transferring the parts so that the parts move along a path which extends from a supply of parts and through an imaging station. A triangulation-based sensor head is supported at the imaging station. The sensor head is configured to generate focused lines of radiation and to sense corresponding reflected lines of radiation. The focused lines are delivered onto an end surface of each part to obtain a corresponding array of reflected lines of radiation. The sensor head senses the array of reflected lines to obtain a corresponding set of 2-D profile signals. The set of profile signals represent a 3-D view of the end surface. The set of 2-D profile signals of each part is processed to identify parts having an unacceptable defect.

Abstract: An electrowetting device includes: a liquid-confining member including a base and an electrode unit supported on the base, the liquid-confining member defining an inner chamber; a first liquid of a magnetic ink disposed in the inner chamber; and a second liquid of a polar material disposed in the inner chamber and immiscible with the first liquid. The first and second liquids contact each other to define a liquid-liquid interface therebetween.

Abstract: A color-changeable protective device for a portable device equipped with a touch screen is provided. The color-changeable protective device comprises a power source and a electro-chromic element. The electro-chromic element is disposed to correspond to the touch screen so as to cover the entire touch screen. According to whether the operating status of the electro-chromic element is a power-on operating status, the electro-chromic element appears to be transparent or opaque.

Abstract: A controller or control method may be designed or configured to operate without information about the current temperature of the device and/or the device's environment. Further, in some cases, the controller or control method is designed or configured to control transition of an optical device to an intermediated state between two end states. For example, the controller may be configured to control a transition to a state of transmissivity that is intermediate between two end states of transmissivity. In such case, the device has three or more stable states of transmissivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochromic device including a first non-tempered glass substrate (S1), the linear thermal expansion coefficient of which is between 35 and 60·10?7/° C., said substrate (S1) being coated with a stack including at least one transparent electrically conductive layer (2, 4), an electrochromic material layer (EC2), an ion-conductive electrolyte layer (EL), and a counter electrode (EC1).

Abstract: An incandescent light source display includes a container and a number of incandescent light sources. The incandescent light sources are located in the container. Each of the incandescent light sources includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an incandescent element. The second electrode is spaced from the first electrode. The incandescent element is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode. The incandescent element includes a carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: A single-segment drive scheme for an electronic paper display (EPD) is replaced by a multiplexed drive scheme that reduces the number of driver pins to the number of display segments per digit or alphanumeric character plus one input/output (I/O) line per digit or alphanumeric character. In accordance with the invention, a passive digit selection mechanism enables a multiplex display drive scheme when the EPD material used typically has a stable threshold combined with a small hysteresis. Typically, display operation is better the smaller the hysteresis and the more stable the threshold of the EPD material that is used.

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror element including a front element having a first front surface and a second rear surface. A cross-section of the second rear surface defines a first line. A rear element includes a third front surface and a fourth rear surface. Electrochromic material is located between the front element and the rear element. A spotter optic is located in the second rear surface of the front element. A cross-section of the spotter optic defines a second line. A transition region is disposed between the spotter optic and the second rear surface of the front element. A distance from a surface of the transition region to an intersection of the first line and the second line is between about 0.001 mm and 0.034 mm. At least a portion of the spotter optic includes a first radius of curvature and at least a portion of the first front surface includes a second radius of curvature, the first radius of curvature being smaller than the second radius of curvature.

Abstract: A reflection type display apparatus includes an image display having a plurality of pixels, with each of the pixels including a first electrode having a light transmitting property, a second electrode disposed in opposition to the first electrode, and a third electrode disposed in opposition to the first or second electrode. An electrolytic solution containing a metal ion is disposed in contact with the first, second and third electrodes, and a control unit sets a direction of a current flowing between the first, second and third electrodes.

Abstract: An incandescent light source display includes a substrate, a plurality of first electrode down-leads, a plurality of second electrode down-leads and a plurality of heating units. The plurality of first electrode down-leads are located on the substrate in parallel to each other and the plurality of second electrode down-leads are located on the substrate in parallel to each other. The first electrode down-leads cross the second electrode down-leads and corporately define a grid having a plurality of cells. Each of the incandescent light sources is located in correspondence with each of the cells. Each incandescent light source includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an incandescent element. The incandescent element includes a carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of driving an electrowetting display which includes a plurality of electrowetting elements, the display comprising at least one first fluid and a second fluid immiscible with each other, each of the electrowetting elements comprising at least one surface area. In a first, relatively low voltage, driving state of an electrowetting element the second fluid tends to cover the at least one surface area, and in a second, relatively high voltage, driving state of an electrowetting element the first fluid tends to cover the at least one surface area.

Abstract: A display or light-modulating device incorporates one or more measures of liquid that obstruct or filter light that passes onto or through the liquid; a space distribution of different light-modulating filters, optical instrument or materials or of materials that change the frequency or color of light passing onto or through them, to emit a different frequency or color of light; and means to apply electrowetting effect to controllably modulate the location or shape of one or more measures of a polar or conductive liquid, so that at least some portion of one or more light-obstructing or light-filtering measures of liquids is caused to be located between one or more light sources and the space distribution of light-modulating filters, optical instruments or light-modulating materials, or said space distribution of materials that change the frequency or color of light passing onto or through them, to emit a different frequency or color of light, thereby controllably modulating properties of light emitted from sa

Abstract: In an image display apparatus, each sub-pixel includes a phosphor configured to emit light of a predetermined color when the phosphor is irradiated with electrons, an electron emission device configured to irradiate the phosphor with the electrons, and a resistor connected in series to the electron emission device and having a negative temperature characteristic of resistance. In three or more sub-pixels with different luminescent colors included in each pixel, the resistor is configured such that a sub-pixel having a phosphor with a smaller temperature dependency of luminescent brightness has a resistor with a greater activation energy, or the resistor is configured such that the resistor is made of the same material for the three or more sub-pixel and such that a sub-pixel having a phosphor with a smaller temperature dependency of luminescent brightness has a resistor with a greater resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving an electrochromic device (ECD) includes a driving volt age output unit for selectively applying a coloring or decoloring voltage between upper and lower electrodes of an ECD; a timer for counting an applying time of the coloring or decoloring voltage in a memory type driving mode and then outputting a voltage application completion signal after the counted time exceeds a preset time, the timer bypassing the counting operation in a non-memory type driving mode; and a driving controller for selectively inputting a coloring or decoloring signal to the driving voltage output unit such that the driving voltage output unit is controlled to output a coloring or decoloring voltage corresponding to the signal, the driving controller receiving the voltage application completion signal to stop the input of the coloring or decoloring signal. Thus, memory type and non-memory type ECDs may be driven automatically using only one apparatus.

Abstract: An electrochemical/electrocontrollable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including at least one carrier substrate including an electroactive layer or an electroactive layer stack arranged between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. At least one of the lower or upper electrodes includes at least four layers including at least one metal functional layer having intrinsic electrical conductivity properties, the functional layer being associated with an electrochemical barrier layer of an electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range, the electrochemical barrier layer being associated with a humidity protection layer of an electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range, and the functional layer being associated with a first sublayer of electrically conductive material transparent in the visible range.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a display having increased viewability are provided. The display assembly includes a backlight layer, an electrochromic layer formed over the backlight layer, a surface layer formed over the electrochromic layer and including at least one substantially translucent graphical element thereon, and a power supply. The electrochromic layer is switchable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially reflective state upon application of a switching voltage from the power supply, where the state being selected is based on a lighting condition of the display assembly.

Abstract: A display, comprising: a planar display section; a pixel space provided next to a side adjacent to one surface of the display section and encapsulating a plurality of kinds of colorants, each kind having a different color; an accumulation section provided in the pixel space and accumulating the colorants; a separation system that separates a specific kind of colorant from the accumulated colorants in the accumulation section; a transfer system that selects at least one kind of colorant from the separated colorants and transfers this colorant to the side adjacent to the display section of the pixel space. The separation system performs separation utilizing the magnitude of a dielectrophoretic force generated in each colorant upon receipt of an alternating electric field of a specific frequency applied by this system, the magnitude varying depending on the kind of the colorant. A color of at least the one kind of colorant transferred by the transfer system is displayed at the display section.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a dual-sided display device having increased viewability are provided. A display device includes a dual-sided display assembly and a power supply. The dual-sided display assembly includes a first viewable side and a second viewable side. A first electrochromic layer is formed over the first viewable side and a second electrochromic layer is formed over the second viewable side. Each of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer are switchable between a substantially transparent state and a substantially reflective state upon application of a switching voltage from the power supply, the state being selected based on an operational configuration of the display device.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing electrochromic windows are described. An electrochromic device is fabricated to substantially cover a glass sheet, for example float glass, and a cutting pattern is defined based on one or more low-defectivity areas in the device from which one or more electrochromic panes are cut. Laser scribes and/or bus bars may be added prior to cutting the panes or after. Edge deletion can also be performed prior to or after cutting the electrochromic panes from the glass sheet. Insulated glass units (IGUs) are fabricated from the electrochromic panes and optionally one or more of the panes of the IGU are strengthened.

Abstract: A process for producing a color electro-optic display uses an electro-optic sub-assembly comprising an electro-optic layer and a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer. This sub-assembly is laminated to a backplane comprising a plurality of electrodes with the electro-optic layer disposed between the backplane and the electrically-conductive layer. A flowable material is placed over the sub-assembly and a color filter array is placed over the electrically-conductive layer and aligned with the electrodes of the backplane to form the color electro-optic display.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first substrate spaced from a second substrate. A first conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the first substrate. A first electrochromic electrode comprising a tungsten oxide coating is formed over at least a portion of the first conductive member. A second conductive member is formed over at least a portion of the second substrate. A second electrochromic electrode is formed over at least a portion of the second conductive member. An ionic liquid is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode. In one aspect of the invention, the ionic liquid can include nanoparticles of metals or metal oxides. In a further aspect of the invention, the second conductive member and second electrode can be formed by a single material.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel electrochemical display element, which can realize bright white display, high-contrast black and white display, and full-color display by a simple member construction, and a method for driving the display element. The display element is characterized in that it comprises opposed electrodes, and an electrolyte, an electrochromic compound, a metal salt compound, and a white scattering material between the opposed electrodes, and multicolor display of three or more colors is carried out by black display, white display, and display of color other than black by driving the opposed electrodes by taking advantage of 1) a color change as a result of oxidation and reduction reactions of the electrochromic compound, and 2) a color change as a result of reduction precipitation and oxidation dissolution of a metallic element contained in the metal salt compound in at least one of the opposed electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a novel electrochemical display element which performs bright white display, high contrast black/white display and full-color display with a simple member configuration. A method for driving such display element is also provided. The display element contains an electrochromic compound, which is colored or has its color disappear due to oxidation or reduction, a metallic salt compound, an electrolyte and a white scattered material, between opposing electrodes. The display element substantially performs multiple color display of three colors or more, i.e., black display, white display and colored display other than black, by driving operation of the opposing electrodes.

Abstract: A display medium includes: a pair of substrates; an electrode arranged between the pair of substrates and on one substrate of the pair of substrates; a multilayered structure including plural color-forming layers arranged between one substrate of the pair of substrates and the electrode, each of the plural color-forming layers containing an electroconductive sheet-like porous body and an electrochromic dye which is retained by the porous body and is reversibly colored or decolored by at least one of an electrochemical oxidation reaction or a reduction reaction, and the colors when the electrochromic dyes in the respective plural color-forming layers are colored being different from one another; and an electrolytic material included in a region between the pair of substrates.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase the resistance of electronic paper to external stress. The resistance to external stress is increased by providing an element formation layer, which includes an integrated circuit portion, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a charged particle-containing layer, between a first insulating film including a first structure body in which a first fibrous body is impregnated with a first organic resin, and a second insulating film including a second structure body in which a second fibrous body is impregnated with a second organic resin.

Abstract: An exemplary electro-wetting display (EWD) device (30) includes a first substrate (31), a second substrate (39) facing the first substrate, a hydrophobic insulator (36) provided between the first and second substrates, a first fluid (33), a second fluid (32) and colored layers (38). The first fluid and the second fluid are immiscible and disposed between the hydrophobic insulator and the first substrate. The second fluid is electro-conductive or polar. The first fluid is located between the hydrophobic insulator and the second fluid. Colored layers may be located between the hydrophobic insulator and the second substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to glazing panels, and in particular to chromogenic glazing panels and to a process for manufacturing such glazing panels. It is disclosed a glazing panel comprising two sheets of glass spaced apart from each other and sealed together along a of their edges, wherein the distance between the two sheets of glass is between 10 and 500 ?m and wherein the glazing panel is provided with a plurality of spaced deposits arranged between and in contact with the two sheets of glass and arranged with a distance between the deposits of between 1 and 10 cm, at least some of the deposits being attached to the surface of each glass sheet and each deposit comprising an adhesive. The glazings according to the invention have the advantage of providing a substantially constant distance between the two sheets of glass over substantially the whole surface of the glazing panel.

Abstract: Electrochemical system comprising at least one substrate of organic nature, at least one electronically conductive layer and at least one active species, characterized in that it includes at least one organic layer lying between the electronically conductive layer and the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrochromic devices using a very low band-gap conjugated polymer having a band gap (Eg) of less than or equal to about 1.5 eV, and having little or no electrochromism in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for providing switching optical filter. The switching optical filter provides several functionalities at the same time. For example, the filter can be used to remove photons of undesirable wavelength, such as ultraviolet or infrared, while simultaneously switching from and between one mode to another in order to accommodate changing ambient light conditions. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to a method for forming an optical filter, the method comprising: forming a first electrode layer on a substrate; forming an ion conductor layer to at least partially cover the first electrode layer; forming an optically transparent layer over the ion conductor layer, the optically transparent layer preventing transmission of photons having a first wavelength while transmitting photons of a second wavelength; and forming a second electrode layer to at least partially cover the optically transparent layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic switching device comprises a counter electrode, an active electrode and an electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the active electrode. The active electrode comprises at least one of an oxide, a nitride, an oxynitrides, a partial oxide, a partial nitride and a partial oxynitride of at least one of Sb, Bi, Si, Ge, Sn, Te, N, P, As, Ga, In, Al, C, Pb and I. Upon application of a current to the electrochromic switching device, a compound comprising at least one of the alkali and the alkaline earth metal ion and an element of the active electrode is formed as part of the active electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic cell of the present invention may include a first electrically conducting transparent electrode bonded to an electrochemically formed first electrochromic electrode on the surface of the electrode; a second electrically conducting transparent electrode bonded to an electrochemically formed second electrochromic electrode on the surface of the second electrode and a transparent gel polymer electrolyte formed from one or more macromonomers mixed with a plasticizer and an electrolyte salt, the gel polymer containing ionic liquids in contact with both the first and second electrochromic electrodes; the first and second electrochromic electrodes are separated from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electropolymerization method for preparing a nanotube-type conducting polymer using a porous template, a method for preparing an electrochromic device using electrochromism of the conducting polymer, and an electrochromic device prepared therefrom, and more particularly to an electropolymerization method for preparing a nanotube-type conducting polymer using a porous template to prepare an electrochromic device having good electrochromism by injecting an electrolyte solution wherein a precursor of the electrochromic conducting polymer is dissolved into an electrochemical reaction cell comprising a first transparent electrode and a working electrode, which is a porous template on the electrode, a method for preparing an electrochromic device using electrochromism of the conducting polymer, and an electrochromic device prepared therefrom.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes a first conductive layer, a dual-layer ion conductor layer, and a second conductive layer. The first ion conductor layer and the second ion conductor layer are formed from different materials and/or by different processes. The layers are deposited using PVD, CVD, or plating techniques.