Abstract: A primary check system includes: a control unit configured to output data for primary check to a plurality of primary check circuits as a serial signal via a serial communication line; and a serial and parallel conversion circuit configured to convert the data for primary check, that is received as the serial signal, into a parallel signal and transmit the parallel signal to the plurality of primary check circuits, and the control unit is configured to set the serial and parallel conversion circuit into an active state before a primary check is started, and set the serial and parallel conversion circuit into an inactive state when the primary check is completed.

Abstract: A processing system reduces latency and improves predictability of a scan out position to support graphics processing unit (GPU) front buffer rendering with a variable refresh rate (VRR) display. The GPU detects whether front buffer rendering such as inking is occurring on a frame-by-frame basis. In order to maintain a safe distance from the current scan out position and achieve low latency to improve the user experience, the GPU increases the refresh rate of the VRR display to a low-latency (high-frequency) fixed refresh rate in response to detecting front buffer rendering. In some embodiments, the GPU decreases the refresh rate in response to detecting a static screen to save power.

Abstract: A special-shaped display screen includes a carrier, and a plurality of pixel point light sources. The plurality of pixel point light sources are provided on the carrier, each of the pixel point light sources is controllable independently, and at least a portion of the pixel point light sources are arranged in a non-matrix array. A special-shaped pixel light includes a special-shaped display screen, a storage unit, and a main control unit. A control method of a special-shaped pixel light includes the following steps: S1, the main control unit establishing a mapping rule according to orientation characteristics of the pixel point light sources; S2, storing the mapping rule into the storage unit; and S3, receiving a control signal and invoking relevant data in the storage unit to scan the pixel point light sources according to the mapping rule.

Abstract: A media playback apparatus for playing media on a web browser may be provided. The media playback apparatus may include: a receiving unit that receives media data generated in a media service apparatus; a first media restoring unit that decodes the received media data by a first decoder embedded in the web browser; a second media restoring unit that decodes the received media data by a second decoder written in a script, which is parsed by the web browser; a user interface configured to receive a user command; and a decoding controller configured to control the first media restoring unit to decode the received media data in response to the user command corresponding to a playback command and control the second media restoring unit to decode the received media data in response to the user command corresponding to a seek command.

Abstract: Approaches, techniques, and mechanisms are disclosed for efficiently buffering data units within a network device. A traffic manager or other network device component receives Transport Data Units (“TDUs”), which are sub-portions of Protocol Data Units (“PDUs”). Rather than buffer an entire TDU together, the component divides the TDU into multiple Storage Data Units (“SDUs”) that can fit in SDU buffer entries within physical memory banks. A TDU-to-SDU Mapping (“TSM”) memory stores TSM lists that indicate which SDU entries store SDUs for a given TDU. Physical memory banks in which the SDUs are stored may be grouped together into logical SDU banks that are accessed together as if a single bank. The TSM memory may include a number of distinct TSM banks, with each logical SDU bank having a corresponding TSM bank. Techniques for maintaining inter-packet and intra-packet linking data compatible with such buffers are also disclosed.

Abstract: What is disclosed are systems and methods for emissive display systems constructed on integrated architecture platforms, for which the pixels are smart and can behave differently under different conditions to save power, provide better image quality, and/or conserve their value to reduce the power consumption associated with programming.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method is provided to determine a motion of pixels in local regions of a scene, classify the motion into a speed category, and make decisions on how to render blocks of pixels. In one implementation the motion in a tile is classified into at least three different speed regimes. If the pixels in a tile are in a quasi-static speed regime, a determination is made whether or not to reuse a fraction of pixels from the previous frame. If the pixels are determined to be in a high speed regime, a decision is made whether or not a sampling rate may be reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provides temporal image processing by producing, for output on a single link such as a single cable or wireless interface, packet based multi-steam information wherein one stream provides at least frame N information for temporal imaging processing and a second stream that provides frame N?1 information for the same display, such as a current frame and a previous frame or a current frame and next frame. The method and apparatus also outputs the packet based multi-stream information and sends it for the same display for use by the same display so that the receiving display may perform temporal image processing using the multi-stream multi-frame information sent with a single link.

Abstract: Systems and methods are configured to adjust the timing of source frame compression in response to fluctuations in a variable frame rate at which source frames are rendered into a buffer.

Abstract: In one general aspect, a method can include determining that a display monitor is operatively connected to a display port included in an operating system (OS) dongle, identifying at least one peripheral device operatively connected to the OS dongle, receiving, by the OS dongle, an indication of requested content from the at least one peripheral device, and responsive to receiving the indication of the requested content, obtaining the requested content from a computer system remote from the OS dongle. The obtaining can include operatively connecting the OS dongle to a network. The network can be operatively interfaced to the computer system that includes the requested remote content. The method can include providing, by the OS dongle, the requested content to the display monitor using the display port.

Abstract: There is provided a video processing apparatus that includes a network interface, first and second video buffering sections, a video supply section, a video control section, and a command issue section. The two video buffering sections are configured to receive and store video data coming in packets over a network via the network interface. The video supply section is configured to supply a video signal to a video signal line, the video signal being a selected output from one of the first and second video buffering sections. The video control section is configured to execute control over the other components. The command issue section is configured to send a bus input change command to the video control section as an instruction for video data selection for supply to the video signal line, the bus input change command including information about identifying a video data supply source connected over the network.

Abstract: What is disclosed are systems and methods for emissive display systems constructed on integrated architecture platforms, for which the pixels are smart and can behave differently under different conditions to save power, provide better image quality, and/or conserve their value to reduce the power consumption associated with programming.

Abstract: A LED driving circuit applied to a LED module includes a read address generating unit, a memory cell and a driving unit. The read address generating unit receives a clock signal and outputs a reading signal. The memory cell is coupled to the read address generating unit and generates an output signal in accordance with the reading signal. The driving unit is coupled to the memory cell, receives the output signal and the clock signal and outputs a driving signal to the LED module. A LED driving device and a driving method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a system of displaying a frame are provided. The method is applicable for an electronic apparatus, and the method includes: obtaining capability information of each client apparatus in a subnet where the electronic apparatus is located, so as to obtain total capability information; connecting a server system and receiving a capability inquiring instruction from the server system; reporting the total capability information to the server system in response to the capability inquiring instruction, so that the server system sends a drawing instruction; co-generating the frame with the client apparatuses according to the drawing instruction sent by the server system.

Abstract: A graphic processor device is implemented on a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) circuitry comprises a pipeline formatter that sets graphic commands and vertex data into structures, and a rasterizer that interpolates between vertices in the vertex data to generate lines and filling between at least one edge to generate a structure, wherein output of the rasterizer is a stream of fragments that become pixels. The graphic processor device further includes a frame buffer that receives a stream of fragments and blends a plurality of fragments before the plurality of fragments are stored in a frame buffer, and an output processor configured to retrieve a plurality of fragments from the frame buffer and transmits a plurality of pixels according to a predefined resolution.

Abstract: A layout method of sub-pixel renderings includes the following steps: providing an RGB pixel rendering, wherein each pixel of the RGB pixel rendering includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels have different colors from each other; and when displaying a stereo image, dividing the RGB pixel rendering into a first sub-pixel rendering corresponding to a left-eye image and a second sub-pixel rendering corresponding to a right-eye image; wherein at least one of each row and each column of the first sub-pixel rendering includes R, G, and B sub-pixels, and at least one of each row and each column of the second sub-pixel rendering includes R, G, and B sub-pixels.

Abstract: A method for processing image data is described. The method includes the steps: (a) fully writing image data into first buffer area; (b) vertically reading the image data in first buffer area and horizontally writing image data into second buffer area; (c) while completely reading a first portion of first buffer area, allocating the complete read first portion of first buffer area to second buffer area to be served as a writing section; (d) vertically reading the image data in a second portion of first buffer area and writing the image data into second buffer area; and (e) vertically reading the image data of second buffer area and horizontally writing the image data into first buffer area, and after completely reading a portion of second buffer area, allocating the read portion of second buffer area to first buffer area.

Abstract: This disclosure presents techniques and structures for preemption at arbitrary control points in graphics processing. A method of graphics processing may comprise executing commands in a command buffer, the commands operating on data in a read-modify-write memory resource, double buffering the data in the read-modify-write memory resource, such that a first buffer stores original data of the read-modify-write memory resource and a second buffer stores any modified data produced by executing the commands in the command buffer, receiving a request to preempt execution of the commands in the command buffer before completing all commands in the command buffer, and restarting execution of the commands at the start of the command buffer using the original data in the first buffer.

Abstract: A display device may reduce the latency of the display of a digital signal by reducing the latency that the display device adds to the digital signal. After a digital signal is received by an input module, the signal is stored in a frame buffer as a plurality of pixels. A controller determines the input frame rate of the digital signal and a pixel delay. The controller monitors the frame buffer to determine when the frame buffer has stored a number of pixels greater than or equal to the pixel delay. After the frame buffer contains enough pixels, the controller initiates transmission of the pixels from the frame buffer to a display module. In certain embodiments, the controller initiates transmission of the pixels to the display module before the frame buffer has stored all pixels corresponding to the frame.

Abstract: The portable terminal includes a display unit configured to display a screen; a first buffer and a second buffer configured to sequentially store display data for the displayed screen; a first determination unit configured to determine whether to perform single-buffer control or double-buffer control based on update data for the displayed screen; and a setting unit configured to set, if single-buffer control is appropriate, a display control method of the display unit to a display control method using the first buffer and to set, if double-buffer control is appropriate, a display control method of the display unit to a display control method using the first buffer and the second buffer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accumulative vector drawing are provided. The method includes receiving a graphics command, accumulating the graphics command, and rendering the graphics command in an order reverse to an order in which the graphics command was stored, and when the graphics command is a valid definite drawing command, calculating a clipping area of the valid definite drawing command and reflecting the clipping area when rendering graphics commands rendered after the valid definite drawing command.

Abstract: Techniques are described that can be used to adjust a refresh rate of a display device. For example, the refresh rate change can be triggered by a user application for a variety of circumstances such as a change in power source from AC to DC or display of 24 frames per second (fps) video. Contents of a primary buffer can be copied to a dummy buffer and a display engine can read video from the dummy buffer to provide video to a display. The clock rate of a clock used to read out pixels can be adjusted using software commands. Video is written to another buffer and during a vertical blanking interval, the display engine reads frames from the another buffer instead of the dummy buffer.

Abstract: A method for synchronization of data over multiple panels is provided. A communications apparatus that synchronizes data across multiple displays is provided. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable medium that synchronizes video data across multiple displays is provided. At least one processor configured to synchronize data across multiple panels is provided. The video data can be sent between the multiple panels or displays at different rates to facilitate synchronization of the data. Double buffering at each panel can allow data to be written to a first buffer and at substantially the same time data is extracted from a second buffer and written to a display.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that facilitates driving a display in a computer system. During operation, the system receives an input video stream from a graphics source, wherein the input video stream comprises a sequence of video frames. Next, the system directs the input video stream through a set of two or more memory buffers including a front buffer and a back buffer to produce an output video stream, which is used to drive the display. While directing the input video stream through the set of memory buffers, the system writes a video frame from the input video stream into the back buffer, and concurrently drives the output video stream from a preceding video frame in the front buffer. When the writing of the video frame completes, the system switches buffers so that the back buffer becomes the front buffer, which drives the output video stream, and the front buffer becomes either a spare buffer or the back buffer, which receives a subsequent frame from the input video stream.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for modifying a pixel value as a function of a display duration estimate. In use, a value of a pixel of an image frame to be displayed on a display screen of a display device is identified, wherein the display device is capable of handling updates at unpredictable times. Additionally, the value of the pixel is modified as a function of an estimated duration of time until a next update including the pixel is to be displayed on the display screen. Further, the modified value of the pixel is transmitted to the display screen for display thereof.

Abstract: A method of transmitting visual data from a host computer to multiple displays across a computer network is disclosed. Visual data is stored in a plurality of frame buffers, each frame buffer associated with a separate display. A frame buffer update sequence is determined, with operations to be performed on frame buffers in the plurality. The data stored in the plurality of frame buffers is encoded as specified by the buffer update sequence to yield encoded images and each encoded image is sent across a computer network to the separate display associated with the frame buffer from which the encoded image was derived.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that facilitates driving a display in a computer system. During operation, the system receives an input video stream from a graphics source. The system directs the input video stream through a front memory buffer and a back memory buffer to produce an output video stream. While directing the input video stream through the set of memory buffers, the system writes a video frame from the input video stream into the back buffer, and concurrently drives the output video stream from a preceding video frame in the front buffer. When the writing of the video frame completes, the system switches buffers so that the back buffer becomes the front buffer, which drives the output video stream, and the front buffer becomes either a spare buffer or the back buffer, which receives a subsequent frame from the input video stream.

Abstract: A multi-graphics processor system includes a CPU; a first GPU connected to the CPU via an input/output interface; and a second GPU connected to the first GPU via a second-GPU interface. The first GPU is provided with a second-GPU bus for communicating the CPU and the second GPU via the second-GPU interface. The CPU communicates with the second GPU via the second-GPU bus after receiving a signal indicating the timing of the data communication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for updating a buffer. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for updating a buffer, which includes strategically writing to the buffer to enable concurrent read and write to the buffer. The method eliminates the need for double buffering, thereby resulting in implementation cost and space savings compared to conventional buffering approaches. The method also prevents image tearing when used to update a frame buffer associated with a display, but is not limited to such applications. In another aspect, the present invention provides efficient mechanisms to enable buffer update across a communication link. In one example, the present invention provides a method for relaying timing information across a communication link.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for updating a buffer. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for updating a buffer, which includes strategically writing to the buffer to enable concurrent read and write to the buffer. The method eliminates the need for double buffering, thereby resulting in implementation cost and space savings compared to conventional buffering approaches. The method also prevents image tearing when, used to update a frame buffer associated with a display, but is not limited to such applications. In another aspect, the present invention provides efficient mechanisms to enable buffer update across a communication link. In one example, the present invention provides a method for relaying timing information across a communication link.

Abstract: A system and methods for adding a personal touch to auto-reply email messages is presented herein. The system and method involve a user enabling a personalized auto-reply feature in their email client, the email client communicating such enablement to a related email server, the email server receiving an email message for the user, the email server determining personal identifier of the sender of the email message and the email server sending a personalized auto-reply using the determined personal identifier to compose and send an auto-reply with a personal touch. The email server may determine the personal identifier through searching one of the user's address book or a global address list for an address entry having the reply address found in the received message's header or the email server may search the body of the received email message to determine personal identifier.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for buffer management during real-time streaming. A video frame buffer stores video frames generated by a real-time streaming video capture device. New video frames received from the video capture device are stored in the video frame buffer prior to processing by a video processing pipeline that processes frames stored in the video frame buffer. A buffer manager determines whether a new video frame has been received from the video capture device and stored in the video frame buffer. When the buffer manager determines that a new video frame has arrived at the video frame buffer, it then determines whether the video processing pipeline has an unprocessed video frame. If the video processing pipeline has an unprocessed video frame, the buffer manager discards the new video frame stored in the video frame buffer or performs other processing on the new video frame.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first memory, a second memory, and a memory interface. The first memory may be configured to store an entire image. The second memory may be configured to store a portion of the image during an image processing operation. The memory interface may be configured to transfer the portion of the image (i) from a source area of the first memory to the second memory prior to the image processing operation and (ii) from the second memory to a destination area of the first memory following the image processing operation. The memory interface may be further configured to select from among four modes of transferring image data from the source area of the first memory and to the destination area of the first memory based upon how the source area and the destination area overlap in the first memory.

Abstract: Data pixels defining first and second images are stored in first and second image buffers, respectively. A second image coordinate location within a display matrix of a display device having display pixels that have multiple stable states is stored in a memory. Data pixels of the first image are read from the first image buffer. If a data pixel read from the first image buffer is within the second image coordinate location, a data pixel from the second image buffer corresponding with the data pixel read from the first image buffer is read, and the data pixel read from the second image buffer is combined with the corresponding data pixel read from the first image buffer to generate a derived data pixel. Synthesized pixels corresponding with at least each of the data pixels of the second image are generated. The synthesized pixels respectively include the derived data pixels.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for storing and retrieving data in parallel but in different orders. In one implementation, data for pixels is stored according to a checkerboard pattern, alternately between two memory devices, forming a checkerboard buffer. In one implementation, a checkerboard buffer includes: a data source, providing data in a first order; a data destination, receiving data in a second order; at least two memory devices, each memory device having a plurality of memory locations, where data is stored in parallel to the memory devices and retrieved in parallel from the memory devices; a first data switch connected to the data source and each of the memory devices, where the first data switch controls which data is stored to which memory device; and a second data switch connected to the data destination and each of the memory devices, where the second data switch controls providing data to the data destination according to the second order.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display and a method of driving the same, in which a driving frequency is lowered and at the same time a production cost is reduced. The organic light emitting display includes: a display region divided into a left part and a right part; a first data driver adapted to supply a data signal to data lines of the left part; a second data driver adapted to supply the data signal to data lines of the right part; and first and second memory groups wherein, when one of the first and second memory groups stores data to be supplied to the left and right parts therein, another one of the first and second memory groups supplies data to the first and second drivers, and wherein, when one of the first and second memory groups receives a reading signal in parallel, another one of the first and second memory groups receives a writing signal in series.

Abstract: A distance information generating unit 4 for rasterizing minute line segments divided by a curved line dividing unit 2 through a combination of straight line cells and corner cells to generate distance information corresponding to a pixel 12 of a display and an edge rasterizing unit 7 for rasterizing edge information about the minute line segments divided by the curved line dividing unit 2 are disposed, and a mapping unit 10 determines whether the pixel 12 is located inside or outside by using the edge information rasterized by the edge rasterizing unit 7, and maps the distance information generated by the distance information generating unit 4 onto the antialiasing intensity 11 of a component 13 included in the pixel 12 according to the results of the inside or outside determination.

Abstract: The display of a Windows Desktop is modified using one or more processors (e.g. CPUs and/or GPUs) that re-direct drawing of the Desktop to mirrored swap chain buffers; modify the contents of the a front buffer of the mirrored swap chain buffers; and draw the Desktop using the modified contents of the front buffer of the mirrored swap chain buffers. To modify the displayed Desktop, Windows needs to draw into these mirrored swap chains instead of its own. To accomplish this, all Direct3D functions that use a swap chain are hooked so that they return the mirrored swap chain, and any function that uses the contents of the swap chain are hooked. Basically any function that takes a Direct3D surface or texture is hooked and the respective item from the mirrored swap chains is returned if it is in the mirrored swap chain data structures.

Abstract: A screen synchronous control apparatus includes a reference timing transmitting unit 3 for transmitting a reference timing signal about display of a plurality of display screens 11, 12, and 13 at predetermined intervals, a display control unit 1 for transmitting a drawing instruction for displaying display data on the plurality of display screens 11, 12, and 13, and a plurality of display processing units 101, 201, and 301 each for receiving the drawing instruction transmitted from the display control unit 1, for executing the drawing instruction according to the reference timing signal transmitted from the reference timing transmitting unit 3, and for displaying the display data on the corresponding one of the display screens 11, 12, or 13.

Abstract: The invention is related to a device for presenting, an image frame by help of a set of displaying commands wherein a displaying command comprises a displaying area and a displaying content. The device comprises means for adapting a first and/or a second displaying command set such that an adapted displaying command sets comprises displaying areas which do not intersect with any displaying area of the same set. Furthermore, the displaying areas of an adapted set cover a display area the image frames are displayed on. The device further determines displaying commands of the adapted second set not comprised in the adapted first set. Then, the determined displaying commands are executed. Adaptation makes comparison of displaying commands suitable for excluding areas from displaying/blitting/clearing.

Abstract: Remote desktop servers include a display encoder that maintains a secondary framebuffer that contains display data to be encoded and transmitted to a remote client display. The display encoder submits requests to update the display data in the secondary framebuffer to a video adapter driver that has access to a primary framebuffer whose display data is updated according to drawing commands received from applications running on the remote desktop servers. The video adapter driver utilizes a spatial data structure to track changes made to the display data located in regions of the primary framebuffer and copies the display data in those regions of the primary framebuffer to corresponding regions in the secondary framebuffer.

Abstract: A display control device for controlling a display panel includes a contents frame rate detector detecting a contents frame rate of an input image data and outputting a repetitive frame number dependent from a display frame rate of the display panel and the detected contents frame rate; a frame memory for storing a level data of a previous frame; and an emulated level generator in communication with the contents frame rate detector and the frame memory. An output level data to the display panel is generated according to the repetitive frame number from the contents frame rate detector, the previous level data from the frame memory and an input level data of the input image data.

Abstract: Before the transmission of the source color values of the images of each group Gk of images of this sequence, a partial color transform LUT related to this group Gk is generated, then transmitted, —and, a resultant color transform LUT related to said group Gk is reconstructed by combining the transmitted partial color transform look up table of this group Gk with, if any, all the other partial color transform look up tables that have been previously transmitted, —then each images of said group are color transformed using this LUT. The invention allows a good precision of color transformation with a limited bandwidth.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods for selectively pre-rendering off-screen content for display before the content comes on-screen on a device are provided. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a request to display content on a device and dividing the content into a first displayable portion that is based on a size of a viewport of the device and a second displayable portion that is outside the viewport. The method also includes rendering and displaying the first displayable portion of content within the viewport, and selecting a subset of the second displayable portion of content for rendering off-screen based on a predetermined rule. Systems, graphical user interfaces, and machine-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: A window surface associated with a first application is automatically detected as an exclusive window surface for a display. In response, the system automatically transitions to a full-screen mode in which a graphics processor flushes content to the display. The full-screen mode includes flipping between a front surface buffer and a back surface buffer associated with the first application. It is subsequently detected that the window surface associated with the first application is not an exclusive window surface for the display. In response, the system automatically transitions to a windowed mode in which the graphics processor flushes content to the display. In windowed mode, the system frame buffer is flushed to the display. The transition to windowed mode includes a minimum number of buffer content copy operations between the front surface buffer, the back surface buffer and the system frame buffer.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods for selectively pre-rendering off-screen content for display before the content comes on-screen on a device are provided. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a request to display content on a device and dividing the content into a first displayable portion that is based on a size of a viewport of the device and a second displayable portion that is outside the viewport. The method also includes rendering and displaying the first displayable portion of content within the viewport, and selecting a subset of the second displayable portion of content for rendering off-screen based on a predetermined rule. Systems, graphical user interfaces, and machine-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: A method and electronic device employing the method of processing a frame of graphics for display is provided that includes developing a frame in a first software frame processing stage following a first vertical blanking (VBL) heartbeat, issuing a command indicating the first stage is complete, and performing a final software frame processing stage without waiting for a subsequent VBL heartbeat. The method may alternatively include performing the final software frame processing stage regardless as to whether a target framebuffer is available, performing all but final hardware frame processing stages regardless as to whether the target framebuffer is in use, and performing the final hardware processing stage if the target framebuffer is not in use.

Abstract: A method for storing a first frame into a system, wherein the system includes i) a first chip, ii) a display controller, and iii) a copy device, and wherein the first chip includes a first memory. The method includes: reading, using the display controller, a first frame from a second memory, wherein the second memory is external to the first chip; and while the first frame is being read from the second memory by the display controller, using the copy device to copy the first frame from the second memory to the first memory. Subsequent to the copy device copying the first frame from the second memory to the first memory, the first frame is stored in both the first memory and the second memory.

Abstract: A 3D videogame system capable of displaying a left-right sequences through a different, independent VGA or video channel, with a display device sharing a memory in an immerse manner. The system has a videogame engine controlling and validating the image perspectives, assigning textures, lighting, positions, movements and aspects associated with each object participating in the game; creates left and right backbuffers, creates images and presents the information in the frontbuffers. The system allows handling the information of data associated to the xyz coordinates of the object's image in real-time, increases the RAM for the left-right backbuffer, with the possibility to discriminate and take the corresponding backbuffer, whose information is sent to the frontbuffer or additional independent display device sharing a memory in an immerse manner.

Abstract: Techniques to generate partial display updates in a buffered window system in which arbitrary visual effects are permitted to any one or more windows (e.g., application-specific window buffers) are described. Once a display output region is identified for updating, the buffered window system is interrogated to determine which regions within each window, if any, may effect the identified output region. Such determination considers the consequences any filters associated with a window impose on the region needed to make the output update.