Abstract: A display device having subpixel repeating groups is presented. Each subpixel repeating group has an even number of four or more subpixels and includes odd-numbered subpixels and even-numbered subpixels alternately arranged in a row direction, each subpixel having a color. A data driver is configured to provide data signals to the subpixels such that the odd-numbered subpixels have a polarity that is opposite that of the even-numbered subpixels in each of the subpixel repeating groups. A first subpixel repeating group and a second subpixel repeating group are adjacent in the row direction. The first subpixel of the first subpixel repeating group and the first subpixel of the second subpixel repeating group have the same color and opposite polarities.

Abstract: Discussed are a display device and a method for controlling the same, which are capable of achieving a reduction in power consumption, through selective application of a charge share mode or a pre-charge mode in accordance with the swing width of a data voltage. The disclosed method includes the steps of determining a positive or negative polarity of input image data on the basis of reference data and outputting a pre-charge enable signal when two successive image data have the same polarity; supplying a pre-charge voltage to a corresponding output channel in response to the pre-enable signal; and converting the image data into a data voltage, supplying the converted data voltage to a corresponding data line through the corresponding output channel.

Abstract: A method of aiding viewing position for autostereoscopic displays having a suggested viewing zone or optimal viewing position. The method detects a position of a viewer using a detection sensor associated with the display and determines if the viewer is within the suggested viewing zone. If the viewer is not within the suggested viewing zone, the method provides feedback to the viewer, such as visual cues on the display, indicating how the viewer should move in order to be within the suggested viewing zone. The method can continuously provide the feedback in order to indicate how the viewer is moving with respect to the suggested viewing zone and when the viewer has moved into the suggested viewing zone.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, amplitude voltage of an image signal written into a signal line can be decreased. A liquid crystal display device in which frame inversion driving is performed includes pixels each including a liquid crystal element and a transistor that controls voltage applied to a first electrode of the liquid crystal element. A scan line is electrically connected to gates of transistors in pixels in a corresponding row. A common line is electrically connected to second electrodes of liquid crystal elements in pixels in the corresponding row. In a first frame period, a first potential is sequentially supplied to the common lines in synchronization with sequential selection of the scan lines. In a second frame period adjacent to the first frame period, a second potential different from the first potential is sequentially supplied to the common lines in synchronization with sequential selection of the scan lines.

Abstract: A scan driving method for LCD panel comprises varying of polarity pattern adaptive to column data, wherein polarity patterns are dynamically determined from row to row, based on analysis of column drive signals for present and previous rows to obtain a parametric value and determination to either keep default polarity pattern or switch to alternate polarity pattern in accordance with parametric value obtained. Columns are regarded as in one or multiple groups for consideration. A total drive differential value is used as parameter, switching from default polarity pattern to alternate polarity pattern when a threshold is exceeded, to reduce total drive differential going from row to row. Column inversion is a default and dot inversion is an alternate.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device including: a pixel circuit; a power supply line; a data line for supplying a data signal to the pixel circuit; and a current path control unit. The pixel circuit includes: a light emitting element; a drive transistor for controlling a current flowing to the light emitting element; a storage capacitor provided between the data line and a gate electrode of the drive transistor, for storing a potential difference; and a data line connection switch for connecting one end of the storage capacitor on the gate electrode side of the drive transistor and the data line. Before the data line supplies the data signal, the data line connection switch is turned ON, and the current path control unit interrupts a current path from the power supply line to the one end of the storage capacitor.

Abstract: In first aspect of the invention, driving methods of gate interlaced scanning for color LCD are disclosed. This interlaced scanning involves powering odd gate lines sequentially first and then powering even gate lines sequentially, which can minimize the voltage polarity swing to reduce power consumption in source output block. In second aspect of the invention, driving methods of FSCLCD having an RGB LED backlight unit scanning with an increased LED lamp turn on time and reduced potential non-uniformity near modular light guid panel are disclosed. Novel driving methods of variabnt sub-color frame periods are also disclosed with various color sub-frames. In third aspect of the invention, a dual common electrode color LCD with a source driver IC block with lower driving voltage and lower power consumption in the display panel is disclosed, wherein each common electrode voltage has opposite voltage phase to reduce the source driving voltage.

Abstract: A method for generating chopper-stabilized signals includes the following steps. First, a voltage polarity control signal is received. Next, the voltage polarity control signal is sampled to obtain a sampling signal, and a voltage transformation manner of the voltage polarity inversion of the voltage polarity control signal is judged according to the sampling signal. Then, a frame transformation signal template is obtained according to the voltage transformation manner of the voltage polarity inversion of the voltage polarity control signal and the sampling signal. Next, the frame transformation signal template is compared with the sampling signal and a frame transformation signal is generated. Then, a first chopper-stabilized signal is outputted according to the frame transformation signal and the voltage polarity control signal.

Abstract: The data driver of a flat panel display includes: an output driver configured to output a plurality of amplified data signals for a plurality of channels corresponding to a plurality of data lines, the plurality of channels including: a plurality of amplifiers configured to amplify a plurality of input data signals and to supply the amplified data signals to the data lines; and a plurality of chopping controllers, each of the chopping controllers being coupled connected to a plurality of input terminals of a corresponding amplifier of the amplifiers and configured to receive a first control signal or a second control signal to periodically change signals applied to positive and negative input terminals from among the input terminals of the amplifiers.

Abstract: A display device, includes: a plurality of thin film transistors which comprise a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode; a plurality of pixel electrodes which are respectively connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistors; a plurality of gate lines which are respectively disposed to the opposite edge parts of the pixel electrodes in a lengthwise direction of the pixel electrodes, and connected to the gate electrode of the thin film transistors; and a plurality of data lines which are respectively disposed to a single edge part of the pixel electrodes in a widthwise direction of the pixel electrodes, and connected to the source electrode of the thin film transistors, a pair of pixel electrodes adjoining each other to interpose the single data line therebetween, and a pair of thin film transistors which are respectively connected to the pair of pixel electrodes being connected with the same single data line.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal display panel having a source line and a counter electrode, includes driving the counter electrode to a first potential, driving the, counter electrode to a second potential being different from the first potential, setting the counter electrode and the source line to a third potential by short-circuiting the counter electrode and the source line to an interconnection having a potential between the first potential and the second potential, and driving the source line to a potential corresponding to an image data. The setting of the counter electrode and the source line to the third potential occurs in a period of one frame.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of pixels; a data driver applying a data voltage to a plurality of data lines connected to the plurality of pixels; a scan driver applying a scan voltage to a plurality of scan lines connected to the plurality of pixels in synchronization with a scan clock signal controlling an output of the scan signal for the data voltage to be applied to the plurality of pixels; and a boost driver applying a primary boost voltage and a secondary boost voltage to a plurality of boost lines connected to the plurality of pixels in synchronization with a boost clock signal controlling the output of the boost voltage, wherein the boost clock signal has different synchronization from the scan clock signal controlling the output of the scan signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device with no flicker and with bright excellent display is provided. A polarity pattern of a conventional frame inversion driving is one kind of display. A polarity pattern of a conventional source line inversion driving is two kinds of display, and a disclination pattern is one kind of display. On the contrary, in a circuit structure of the present invention, polarity patterns are made to have not less than four kinds, and disclination patterns are made to have not less than two kinds. By this, bright display in which flicker is not included and poor display due to disclination is improved, can be obtained.

Abstract: A pixel structure includes a plurality of data lines and a common line. The common line overlaps each data line, and is coupled with each data line to respectively form a first coupling capacitor, a second coupling capacitor, a third coupling capacitor, a fourth coupling capacitor, a fifth coupling capacitor, and a sixth coupling capacitor. The third coupling capacitor is smaller than the second coupling capacitor, and the fifth coupling capacitor is smaller than the fourth coupling capacitor.

Abstract: A method for generating chopper-stabilized signals includes the following steps. First, a voltage polarity control signal is received. Next, the voltage polarity control signal is sampled to obtain a sampling signal, and a voltage transformation manner of the voltage polarity inversion of the voltage polarity control signal is judged according to the sampling signal. Then, a frame transformation signal template is obtained according to the voltage transformation manner of the voltage polarity inversion of the voltage polarity control signal and the sampling signal. Next, the frame transformation signal template is compared with the sampling signal and a frame transformation signal is generated. Then, a first chopper-stabilized signal is outputted according to the frame transformation signal and the voltage polarity control signal.

Abstract: Charge balanced display data writing systems, apparatuses, and methods use write and hold cycles of opposite polarity during selected frame update periods. A release cycle may be provided to reduce the chance that a given display element will become stuck in an actuated state.

Abstract: The present invention involves a technique of recognizing a demand for displaying a shutdown pattern when driving a liquid crystal panel in an inversion method and converting the inversion method into another inversion method causing no horizontal crosstalk. The present invention is achieved by providing an apparatus for controlling driving of a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a timing controller for processing input RGB data by a certain inversion method to supply the data to a data driver and, upon inputting of RGB data of a shutdown pattern, converting the RGB data by an inversion driving method causing no crosstalk to supply the data; a gate driver for outputting gate signals to each gate line of a liquid crystal panel in response to a gate signal control signal; and a data driver for supplying data voltages to each data line of the liquid crystal panel in response to a data signal control signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel including a plurality of data lines to which a data voltage is supplied, a plurality of gate lines to which a gate pulse is supplied, and a plurality of liquid crystal cells, a data drive circuit to invert a polarity of the data voltage in response to a polarity control signal and to output the data voltage to the data lines in response to a source output enable signal, a gate drive circuit to supply the gate pulse to the gate lines, and a POL/SOE logic circuit to invert the polarity control signal for every frame period except at Nth-multiple frame period (where N is a positive integer), wherein the POL/SOE logic circuit controls the polarity control signal at every Nth-multiple frame period such that the polarity of the data voltage is the same as the previous frame period and controls a pulse width of the source output enable signal at every Nth-multiple frame period to be longer than for the other frame periods.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is disclosed.

Abstract: A driving method for driving an LCD panel having a counter electrode and a source line. In a first period, the counter electrode is driven to a potential VCOMH. In a second period, the counter electrode and the source line are short-circuited to a power supply interconnection having a power supply potential VCI. In a third period, the counter electrode is connected to a ground interconnection while the source line is kept to be short-circuited to the power supply interconnection. In a fourth period, the counter electrode is pulled down to a potential VCOML lower than a ground potential In a fifth period, the source line is driven to a potential corresponding to an image data while the counter electrode is kept to the potential VCOML. The electric power consumed in pulling down the counter electrode from a positive potential to a negative potential can be effectively reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a method for driving the same are disclosed. The liquid crystal display includes a timing controller generating a polarity control signal. A logic inverting period of the polarity control signal during frame periods ranging from an Nth frame period among M frame periods to 2 to 4 frame periods following the Nth frame period is longer than a logic inverting period of the polarity control signal in the other frame periods, where N is an integer equal to or larger than 4 and M is larger than N. The liquid crystal cells in one frame period of the M frame periods are charged to the data voltage whose a polarity is opposite to a polarity of the data voltage in a previous frame period of one frame period.

Abstract: A method for driving an active matrix liquid crystal display device of the invention is provided to drive a common voltage applied on a common electrode facing a pixel electrode by inversion for displaying a part of the display area, wherein the common voltage is controlled by synchronizing the polarity inversion timing of the common electrode with the scan timing of the pixel electrode in an initial position of the displayed area.

Abstract: A frame buffer apparatus is disclosed. The frame buffer apparatus includes a hold-type display for displaying and holding previous frame data; a data reading device for reading back the previous frame data held in the hold-type display. A driving circuit for a hold-type display is also disclosed. The data driving circuit for a hold-type display includes a video data input terminal for receiving video data; a driving voltage output terminal for outputting a driving voltage to a display panel of the hold-type display; a sample and hold unit for sampling and holding voltages of the driving voltage output terminal to generate a sampled voltage according to a sampling signal; and a driving voltage generation unit for performing signal processing for the video data to output the driving voltage according to a plurality of reference voltages, a polarity selection signal and the sampled voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a fabricating method thereof for driving the liquid crystal display device using a magnetic field are disclosed. In the device and method, a current is applied to a first electrode in a first direction, and a current is applied to a second electrode in a second direction. A liquid crystal layer is driven with a magnetic field induced by the currents from the first and second electrodes modulating a light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a lateral electric field mode liquid crystal element that controls alignment of liquid crystal molecules by applying an electric field in a direction of a substrate plane to a liquid crystal layer. A voltage inverter circuit is provided in each pixel circuit, and inverts a voltage applied to the liquid crystal element by switching the supply of each of the first and second voltages, supplied from a memory circuit, to between a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element. A holding capacitor holds a voltage applied to the liquid crystal element. The voltage inverter circuit includes switching elements. One end of the holding capacitor is connected to at least one of a common connecting point of first and second switching elements and a connecting point of third and fourth switching elements.

Abstract: A power supply circuit which outputs a common electrode voltage to a common electrode of an electro-optical device provided opposite to pixel electrodes through an electro-optical material includes a voltage booster circuit which generates a boost voltage boosted by a charge-pump operation in synchronization with a charge clock signal, and a common electrode voltage generation circuit which outputs a high-potential-side voltage or a low-potential-side voltage generated based on the boost voltage to the common electrode as the common electrode voltage. The charge clock signal has a rising edge and a falling edge in a period in which a sign of voltages between the pixel electrode and the common electrode are either positive or negative.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel having a data line and a source driver for supplying a data signal to the data line based on a polarity signal. A polarity of the data signal is determined based on the polarity signal. The source driver includes an offset cancel control circuit for generating an offset cancel control signal and an output amplifier used to generate the data signal. The output amplifier is constructed so as to invert a polarity of an offset voltage based on the offset cancel control signal. The offset cancel control signal is generated based on the polarity signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel including a plurality of data lines to which a data voltage is supplied, a plurality of gate lines to which a gate pulse is supplied, and a plurality of liquid crystal cells, a data drive circuit to invert a polarity of the data voltage in response to a polarity control signal and to output the data voltage to the data lines in response to a source output enable signal, a gate drive circuit to supply the gate pulse to the gate lines, and a POL/SOE logic circuit to invert the polarity control signal for every frame period except at Nth-multiple frame period (where N is a positive integer), wherein the POL/SOE logic circuit controls the polarity control signal at every Nth-multiple frame period such that the polarity of the data voltage is the same as the previous frame period and controls a pulse width of the source output enable signal at every Nth-multiple frame period to be longer than for the other frame periods.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display (LCD) with enhanced display qualities. The LCD includes a first insulating substrate; a gate line disposed on the first insulating substrate and extending in a first direction; first and second data lines insulated from and crossing the gate line, separated from each other, and extending in a second direction; first and second thin film transistors (TFTs) connected to the gate line and the first and second data lines, respectively; first and second subpixel electrodes connected to the first and second TFTs, respectively; and first and second drain electrode connection portions connecting the first and second TFTs to the first and second subpixel electrodes, respectively. The first and second drain electrode connection portions are electrically insulated from each other and together form a substantially rectangular band.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a substrate, gate lines, data lines, thin film transistors and pixel electrodes. The gate lines are formed on the substrate and cross the data lines. The thin film transistors are connected to the gate and data lines, and each thin film transistor includes a drain electrode. The pixel electrodes are connected to the thin film transistors and are arranged in a matrix, and each of the pixel electrodes has a first side disposed in parallel with the gate lines and a second side adjacent to the first side and shorter than the first side. In the LCD, the predetermined portion of each of the drain electrodes is overlapped with only one of two adjacent pixel electrodes if the polarities of the adjacent pixel electrodes are different, and the predetermined portion of each of the drain electrodes is overlapped with both of the adjacent pixel electrodes if the polarities are the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is composed of an LCD panel including data lines, and an LCD driver. The LCD driver includes: a positive drive circuit providing a positive data signal having positive polarity with respect to a ground level of the LCD driver for one of the data lines; and a negative drive circuit providing a negative data signal having negative polarity with respect to the ground level of the LCD driver for another one of the data lines.

Abstract: A method for driving a dark ring of a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) display is provided to prevent the fringe effect (bright lines) due to the constant voltage difference between the dark ring and the adjoining pixels within the LCOS display. A dark ring is divided into a plurality of portions. The polarity of each portion is controlled in accordance with the polarity of the adjoining pixels within the LCOS display and the scan direction of gate drivers such that the polarity inversion for each portion will coincide with that for the adjoining pixels within the LCOS display so as to avoid the fringe effect (bright lines).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device with no flicker and with bright excellent display is provided. A polarity pattern of a conventional frame inversion driving is one kind of display. A polarity pattern of a conventional source line inversion driving is two kinds of display, and a disclination pattern is one kind of display. On the contrary, in a circuit structure of the present invention, polarity patterns are made to have not less than four kinds, and disclination patterns are made to have not less than two kinds. By this, bright display in which flicker is not included and poor display due to disclination is improved, can be obtained.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a method of recording an image, comprising: providing a display cell having a first cell wall and a second cell wall opposed to the first cell wall, the cell walls enclosing a layer of a display medium comprising a liquid crystal material having finely-divided pigment particles dispersed therein, each cell wall including an electrode for applying an electric field across the display medium; applying via the electrodes a first electric field of a first polarity and of sufficient magnitude and duration to cause the particles to migrate and accumulate at the first cell wall; illuminating at least some of the particles with an image to be recorded; and applying via the electrodes a second electric field of opposite polarity to the first polarity and of sufficient magnitude and duration to cause some but not all particles to migrate from the first cell wall so as to produce a recorded image.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes synchronization signal extracting means for extracting a vertical synchronization signal from a noninterlace signal, first reversal signal generating means for generating a first polarity reversal signal that causes reversal of polarity of a signal voltage every frame for a switching device associated with each of pixels according to the vertical synchronization signal, reversal control signal generating means for generating a reversal control signal according to a result of comparison between frames of the noninterlace signal, second reversal signal generating means for generating a second polarity reversal signal by reversing polarity of the first polarity reversal signal according to the reversal control signal, and switching device driving means for driving each of switching devices according to the second polarity reversal signal.

Abstract: A driving apparatus, and a driving method for an electron emission display, includes a controller for comparing external video data input signals, switching a polarity control signal in a predetermined period on the basis of the comparison and controlling a video data output signal in accordance with the polarity control signal, and a data driver for modulating the video data signal output from the controller. The switching of the polarity control signal may be shifted temporally when the comparison indicates the video data input signals have the same gray level.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has pixel electrodes, a common electrode, a liquid crystal layer provided between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, and a back light that supplies light transmitting through the liquid crystal layer, further has a control circuit that applies a drive voltage corresponding to image data between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode such that the polarity of the drive voltage is inverted for each predetermined period. Within a frame period, the control circuit applies a drive voltage of a first polarity in a first period, applies a drive voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, which is the same voltage as the drive voltage of the first polarity, in a second period after the first period, and controls such that the back light is turned off in the first period and turned on in the second period.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for driving a display panel (DP) having pixels (P). The display panel (DP) is driven with a sequence of image frames. The image frames are converted to a drive signal (V2) comprising refresh frames with a refresh frame period (TR) shorter than the image frame period. A pixel (P) of the display panel (DP) is driven with an adapted drive signal having a first polarity during a first group of refresh frame periods, and having a reversed polarity during a subsequent second group of refresh frame periods. The first group and the second group each comprise at least two refresh frame periods.

Abstract: A semiconductor display device with which flicker, vertical striping, and horizontal striping are not easily seen, and a method of driving the semiconductor display device, are provided. Display signals inputted to a plurality of pixel electrodes have a positive or negative polarity based on the electric potential of an opposing electrode, and pixel electrodes to which display signals having a positive polarity are inputted, and pixel electrodes to which display signals having a negative polarity are inputted, differ for each frame period with the method of driving the semiconductor display device.

Abstract: A method for detecting whether or not a display mode has to be switched and for detecting a frame of a liquid crystal display panel. The frame has M vertical blocks each including K display lines each having N horizontal blocks each being composed of multiple display units. First, a horizontal block flag value of each horizontal block is obtained according to energy levels of all of the display units of the horizontal block. Then, a display line flag value of each display line is obtained according to horizontal block flag values of all of the horizontal blocks of the display line. Next, M vertical block flag values are obtained according to the display line flag values of all of the display lines in each vertical block. Then, it is determined whether or not the display mode has to be switched according to the M vertical block flag values.

Abstract: To enhance the display characteristics of moving images and enhance the display quality in an electro-optical device using electro-optical elements that emit light with the brightness in accordance with a driving current, a pixel includes a driving transistor T4 for setting a driving current Ioled in accordance with data stored in a capacitor and an organic EL element OLED that emits light with the brightness in accordance with the driving current Ioled. During a period of time from the moment in which the scanning line corresponding to the pixel in which data is to be written to the moment in which the same scanning line is selected again, at least one of the electric potential of a first power supply line and the electric potential of a second power supply line is set to be variable and a forward bias and a reverse bias are alternately and repeatedly applied to the organic EL element OLED.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device which can suppress cross-talk and can maintain uniformity of the display quality within the screen, and for which problems such as insufficient writing do not occur. In a liquid crystal light valve of the invention, an image signal for which the polarity is inverted for each one horizontal period, is supplied to each data line, and for each horizontal period plural pulse signals which each rise at a different timing, are supplied to each of plural scanning lines while skipping one part of the scanning lines. Moreover driving is such that in any one horizontal period, plural scanning lines, to which is supplied a pulse signal rising at a timing corresponding to an application period of a positive polarity potential, are adjacent to each other, and plural scanning lines, to which is supplied a pulse signal rising at a timing corresponding to an application period of a negative polarity potential, are adjacent to each other.

Abstract: An interference modulator (Imod) incorporates anti-reflection coatings and/or micro-fabricated supplemental lighting sources. An efficient drive scheme is provided for matrix addressed arrays of IMods or other micromechanical devices. An improved color scheme provides greater flexibility. Electronic hardware can be field reconfigured to accommodate different display formats and/or application functions. An IMod's electromechanical behavior can be decoupled from its optical behavior. An improved actuation means is provided, some one of which may be hidden from view. An IMod or IMod array is fabricated and used in conjunction with a MEMS switch or switch array. An IMod can be used for optical switching and modulation. Some IMods incorporate 2-D and 3-D photonic structures. A variety of applications for the modulation of light are discussed. A MEMS manufacturing and packaging approach is provided based on a continuous web fed process.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide application, at a beginning of a first display frame, of a first potential to a pixel imaging element, the first potential to reset the pixel imaging element to a reset state, application, during the first display frame, of a second potential to the pixel imaging element, the second potential to set the pixel imaging element to a desired imaging state, and change, at a beginning of a second display frame subsequent to the first display frame, of the second potential to a third potential, the third potential to reset the pixel imaging element to the reset state.

Abstract: Apparatus for driving a cholesteric liquid crystal display wherein the display includes cholesteric liquid crystals having a first planar reflective state and a second transparent focal conic state, which is respectively responsive to different applied fields; an addressing structure having rows and columns of conductors arranged so that when a column and a row overlap, they define a selectable pixel or segment to be viewable or non-viewable; the apparatus being adapted to switch between a first and a second fixed voltage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include an apparatus, method and system relating to a projection illumination source pulsing one or more light emitting devices a plurality of times per frame.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is provided which includes a TFT array substrate having pixel electrodes, and an opposing substrate having an opposing electrode. The surface of a substrate beneath the pixel electrodes in the TFT array substrate or the surface of a substrate beneath the opposing electrode in the opposing substrate is raised in a plurality of projections in an area facing the spacing between adjacent pixel electrodes which are driven by mutually opposite polarity voltages in an alternating drive manner. Arranged on top of the projections are edge portions of the adjacent pixel electrodes. The substrate surface is planarized to be flat in an area thereof facing the spacing between adjacent pixel electrodes which are driven by the same polarity voltages in an alternating drive method.

Abstract: An organic EL display apparatus which can improve the reliability thereof, by avoiding a leak current which occurs after an operating time, without reducing the product yield. The organic EL display apparatus is comprised of an organic EL panel section, and a driving section which has a reverse voltage restriction unit (means for restricting a reverse voltage) for restricting a reverse voltage which is applied when organic EL devices are not lighted. When a breakdown voltage with respect to a preset thickness do of the organic material layer has been Vb, the reverse voltage restriction unit will not only set the reverse voltage Vm (to be applied during a non-lighting period) to Vm<(½)·Vb, but also restrict the continuous applying time of this reverse voltage Vm within a preset period.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) liquid crystal display (LCD), including a first substrate and a second substrate, a common electrode, a number of pixel electrodes, a number of first switches and second switches, and liquid crystals (LCs). The common electrode is formed on one surface of the first substrate. The pixel electrodes are formed on a surface of the second substrate and are opposite to the common electrode. Each of the pixel electrodes includes a slit and a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode which are electrically isolated to each other by the slit. Each of the first switches is used for controlling corresponding first sub-pixel electrode, and each of the second switches is used for controlling corresponding second sub-pixel electrode. The liquid crystals (LCs) are sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A mono domain vertical alignment type liquid crystal display apparatus to be multiplex driven is provided whose display uniformity at a large pretilt angle (near 90°) is improved. Waveform A is applied to a liquid crystal cell of a mono domain vertical alignment type, the waveform A having a duty not lower than 4 and a frame frequency of f. The frame frequency f is determined from a pretilt angle ?p, and is a frequency not lower than 60 Hz at a pretilt angle of 88.5°??p<89.6° or a frequency not lower than [120×(?p?89.6)+60] Hz at a pretilt angle of 89.6°??p?89.9°.