Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for overflow error diffusion in image processing are provided. A method includes calculating error values, em, corresponding to differences between modified intensity values for a number of pixel locations and one or more threshold values, where em represents an error value associated with an mth pixel. The method further includes diffusing a calculated overflow error value associated with each calculated error value, em, to at least one pixel neighbor of the mth pixel location.

Abstract: A low cost user interface display system, like on screen display (OSD), using texture mapping method is presented. The present invention only uses a little texture memory and can generate very fancy user interface display. With the method of texture mapping, even the low cost system can have a colorful, fancy user interface display. A user interface display apparatus using texture-mapping method, comprising a image module, texture patterns, display code-buffer, texture mixer and outline shape index generator to texture-maps the predefined image module in the mixing area with the texture patterns. For some existing OSD devices, the texture-mapping method also can provide a low cost approach to fancy the original OSD display output in the display device. Moreover, changing the texture pattern is very easy to system manufacture, and it can make the user interface looks good and different.

Abstract: A preferred method includes the step of receiving multiple digital video data streams. Preferably, a first of the multiple digital video data streams contains processed pixel data corresponding to at least a portion of the image to be rendered, and a second of the multiple digital video data streams contains processed pixel data corresponding to at least a portion of the image to be rendered as well as information, such as a chroma-key value, associated with at least some of the processed pixel data. The embodiment also preferably includes the step of combining the multiple digital video data streams into the composite digital video data stream by referencing the chroma-key values. Devices also are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing video signals comprises a receiver for receiving a video signal, a video pipeline for post-processing the received video signal, the video pipeline producing a post-processed video signal, and a video output module for converting the post-processed video signal, the video output module producing a formatted video signal. The video output module may further comprise an ancillary data injector, the injector inserting ancillary data into the post-processed video signal. Also, the video output system may further comprise a generator locking device or the video input module may include a generator locking device.

Abstract: If gamut mapping (hue restoration) defined by one Lab color space is applied in color matching under different reference white points, the human vision perceives the hue as inconsistent. In view of this, input data which is dependent on a color space of an input device is converted by the conversion LUT 11 to color space data which is independent of any devices, based on a viewing condition at the time of viewing an input original. The data is converted to data in the human color perception space by the forward converter 12, then subjected to gamut mapping, and converted back to data in the color space independent of any devices by the inverse converter 15, based on a viewing condition at the time of viewing an output original. Then, the data is converted to output data in a color space which is dependent on an output device by the conversion LUT 16.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and apparatus for indicating a failover data path in a graphical user interface environment is provided. The method includes graphically displaying at least one source device; graphically displaying at least one target device; graphically displaying a first data path between at least one source device and at least one target device; and in response to a failure in the first data path: graphically indicating the failure in the first data path; and graphically displaying a failover data path.

Abstract: A color image is produced from image data. Color image bit-planes are generated from the image data. Each color image bit-plane represents a time increment for displaying one color of a plurality of colors for each pixel of the color image. For each of the colors, color patterns are displayed in a plurality of image sub-frame locations. The color patterns represent the color image bit-planes. At least the least significant color image bit-planes are displayed in less than all of the image sub-frame locations.

Abstract: Aspects for maintaining and providing a calibrated color environment for display devices of a computer system. In an aspect of an exemplary method, the method includes determining relevant state data, including a framebuffer driver state and a display driver state. The method further includes saving the relevant state data as calibration information for the calibrated color environment. The relevant state data includes information about a display that has an effect on color, such as a frame buffer driver state, a display driver state, and phospher characteristics of the display.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing video signals comprises a receiver for receiving a video signal, a video pipeline for post-processing the received video signal, the video pipeline producing a post-processed video signal, and a video output module for converting the post-processed video signal, the video output module producing a formatted video signal. The video output module may further comprise an ancillary data injector, the injector inserting ancillary data into the post-processed video signal. Also, the video output system may further comprise a generator locking device or the video input module may include a generator locking device.

Abstract: There are provided an image generation system and information storage medium which can generate an image of a simple object with reduced processing load, the brightness of the simple object being variable according to the amount of light sent from a light source and received by the simple object. The image generation system comprises a light-source simple processing section (114) for performing a light-source simple processing relative to the simple object. The light-source simple processing section (114) performs computation for information relating to at least one of the brightness and color on primitive surfaces constructing the simple object, based on an angle difference between a line-of-sight vector of a virtual camera and a light vector from the light source.

Abstract: A system and process for generating a two-layer, 3D representation of a digital or digitized image from the image and a pixel disparity map of the image is presented. The two layer representation includes a main layer having pixels exhibiting background colors and background disparities associated with correspondingly located pixels of depth discontinuity areas in the image, as well as pixels exhibiting colors and disparities associated with correspondingly located pixels of the image not found in these depth discontinuity areas. The other layer is a boundary layer made up of pixels exhibiting foreground colors, foreground disparities and alpha values associated with the correspondingly located pixels of the depth discontinuity areas. The depth discontinuity areas correspond to prescribed sized areas surrounding depth discontinuities found in the image using a disparity map thereof.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for reducing power consumption within a video processing portion of a system based on display content. Display content is monitored to determine whether the display content is changing. New display content is compared to old display content to determine if the display content is changing. If the display content has not changed, a frame rate used to output display data is reduced. A color depth associated with the display data is also reduced. Power consumption can be reduced when it is determined that display content is not changing.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display section having plural display elements for displaying a display object with N (natural number larger than one) display elements per pixel, and a display control section, communicably connected to the display section, for controlling the displaying state of the display section in terms of color factors of the respective display elements in such a manner that the display object is displayed with each of the display elements corresponding to one or more pixels on the display object. It is possible to display a small letter, serving high visibility.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a command analyzing unit obtaining color information of each endpoint of an object by analyzing a drawing command, a draw processing unit obtaining the color information of successive scanned points inside the object through incremental interpolation of the color information, thereby successively producing the color information for an entirety of the object, and an image processing unit processing the color information outputted by the draw processing unit.

Abstract: An image server transmits reference image data to a mobile telephone having a display device on which the reference image is displayed. A wavelength vs. luminance characteristic of the displayed reference image is measured by a radiance measurement unit, and a correction parameter for the mobile telephone is calculated based upon the measured wavelength vs. luminance characteristic. Processing for calculating correction parameters is executed with regard to other mobile telephones as well. If an image-data transmit request is issued by a mobile telephone, the image data is corrected using the correction parameter that corresponds to the mobile telephone. The corrected image data is transmitted to the mobile telephone. Since a correction suited to the mobile telephone is carried out, an excellent image is displayed on the display screen of the mobile telephone.

Abstract: In a display device, three light-emitting elements, which respectively emit light of the three primary colors of R, G, and B, are aligned in a fixed order in a first direction to form one pixel. A plurality of such pixels are aligned in a the direction to form one line. A plurality of such lines are aligned in a second direction, which is orthogonal to the first direction, to form a display screen. With this display device, a three-times magnified pattern, with which a target pixel in a raster image to be displayed currently is magnified by three in the first direction, is determined dynamically in accordance with a rectangular reference pattern of 3×3 pixels consisting of the target pixel and pixels surrounding the target pixel. Display is performed upon allocating this three-times magnified pattern to the three light-emitting elements that comprise one pixel. Character interval adjustment and color display of sub-pixel precision precision are enabled.

Abstract: The present invention, called Color Spectral Imaging (CSI), generally pertains to a method of displaying colorized two-dimensional medical images of human anatomy. Specifically, the present invention pertains to a method of assigning predetermined range of colors to computed tomography images for enhanced visualization.

Abstract: What is disclosed is an image processing method for enabling one to print color graphics and other recognizable objects on monochrome printers while retaining color differences. More specifically, the present method is for preserving color discriminability in a grayscale representation. The method involves first sorting colors according to at least one characteristic dimension of a color space such as lightnesses. The color space preferably is a luminance-chrominance color space, although others are envisioned. The sorted colors are adjusted by a metric appropriate to the color space such that the metric imparts a degree of distinction among the colors along the chosen characteristic dimension. The spacing between two adjacent sorted colors can be constant, or weighted by the total color difference between the two colors in the original color space. Color difference can be calculated using for example ?E*ab, ?E*LCh, ?E*94, or DE2000 metrics.

Abstract: A pseudo-tone processing means color-reduces each RGB component of incoming display data using pseudo-tone processing. A frame memory stores the color-reduced display data before feeding it to a display through a drive means. Color reduction is performed so that the tone number of each RGB component after color reduction is G component>R component>B component. Color reduction is unequally performed in a manner which reflects contributions of each RGB component to brightness.

Abstract: The blending coefficients (alpha values) of font glyphs undergo alpha correction to compensate for a lack of gamma correction in text rendering processes. The alpha correction includes selecting a set of correction coefficients that correspond to the predetermined gamma value of the display device and computing corrected alpha values from the known alpha values, the foreground colors, and set of correction coefficients. The corrected alpha values can then be used to blend the foreground and background colors of the corresponding display pixels without requiring gamma correction. Accordingly, the alpha correction can be performed by a GPU, which is not configured to perform gamma correction, thereby increasing the speed at which text rendering can occur.

Abstract: A method of processing digital images which gradually substitutes a processed and/or filtered version of the input data for the original data. The method is applied to shadow regions of a color digital image to remove residual dark area color casts.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for generating test patterns for selecting a transfer function of a display device. A method includes generating multiple simulated transfer functions for a display device, rendering multiple patterns of anti-aliased parallel lines on the display device, each pattern rendered according to a corresponding one of the simulated transfer functions and including off-vertical lines and off-horizontal lines, receiving an input from a user of the display device selecting one of the patterns rendered on the display device and setting a transfer function for the display device to the simulated transfer function representing the selected pattern, the transfer function characterizing a relationship between an applied input voltage and an output luminance for any given pixel on the display device.

Abstract: A digital prepress color mixing tool is described, including suggestions for how to implement the tool within a native artwork production environment, such as Adobe Illustrator™. The invention allows for the prepress work of applying color mixtures to be accomplished without conversion to a proprietary file format, and with improved efficiency. The color mixing tool includes functions for automatically converting dirty colors, quick color mixing, and for modifying overprint settings.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically adjusting the color of a digital image. In one aspect, an strength offset is determined to automatically remove gray from a distorted image. In an other aspect applied independently or after gray removal, scaling factors are automatically determined to adjust the image to conform to empirically determined optimal brightening of the image. Using a determination of color dot maximums and a function which ensures constraint within the dynamic range, scaling factors are established which correspond to the strength values of each dot maximum and which are applied to each of the dot's R,G and B to maintain ratios therebetween and thus maintain the true color. The function for establishing the scaling factors is interpolated from a nominal function and a target average strength for the image.

Abstract: Apparatus 20 is disclosed for rendering an object-based image one pixel at a time in scanline order. The apparatus 20 comprises an optimisation module 550 for generating a set of compositing messages during a first pixel in a run of pixels between adjacent edges of one or two objects, and for generating a reduced set of compositing messages from the set during subsequent pixels in the run of pixels. The apparatus 20 further comprises a pixel compositing module 700 which in addition to compositing the first pixel in the run of pixels also stores a result or partial result of the compositing of the first pixel. The pixel compositing module 700 utilises the reduced set of compositing messages and the stored result or partial result to composite pixels in the run subsequent to the first pixel.

Abstract: A gamut mapping algorithm especially adapted for printing business and presentation graphics with highly chromatic colors. To perform gamut mapping, gamut triangles corresponding to an input gamut and output gamut are defined and used to scale the lightness and chroma of input colors. The rescaled input colors are then mapped to the output triangle along lines of constant chroma. The chroma of the remapped colors is enhanced by moving the remapped colors toward the apex of the output gamut triangle along a line passing through the remapped color and the apex of the output gamut triangle.

Abstract: A system and method for performing color correction based on physical measurements (or estimations) of color component spectra (e.g. red, green, blue color component spectra). A color correction system may comprise a spectrum sensing device, a color calibration processor, and a calculation unit. The spectrum sensing device may be configured to measure color component power spectra for pixels generated by one or more display devices on a display surface. The color calibration processor may receive power spectra for a given pixel from the spectrum sensing device and compute a set of transformation parameters in response to the power spectra. The transformation parameters characterize a color correction transformation for the given pixel. The color calibration processor may compute such a transformation parameter set for selected pixels in the pixel array.

Abstract: A display device with a dithering circuit is provided which can perform dithering on an input video signal without causing flicker and dither noise. A correction value is provided to reduce the difference (average error value) between an average value of brightness levels represented by pixel data corresponding to each of pixels in a pixel group and an average value of brightness levels represented by dither added pixel data corresponding to each of the pixels in the pixel group. This correction value is added to the dither added pixel data for correction. This prevents flicker from being produced even when the assignment of dither coefficients in the pixel group is changed in each field to reduce dither noise. Also provided is a gray scale processing system which can perform gray scale processing on an input video signal without causing problems such as flicker.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a system and method for creating characterization information from a first display device that can be transmitted and used by a second display device. Computer readable instructions embodied in a computer readable medium calibrate a first display device, create an ICC color profile from said calibration information, storing the ICC color profile and sending the ICC color profile to a second display device for it to use. The calibration or characterization information can also be associated with an image file and sent to a second location for display.

Abstract: The blending coefficients (alpha values) of font glyphs undergo alpha correction to compensate for a lack of gamma correction in text rendering processes. The alpha correction includes selecting a set of correction coefficients that correspond to the predetermined gamma value of the display device and computing corrected alpha values from the known alpha values, the foreground colors, and set of correction coefficients. The corrected alpha values can then be used to blend the foreground and background colors of the corresponding display pixels without requiring gamma correction. Accordingly, the alpha correction can be performed by a GPU, which is not configured to perform gamma correction, thereby increasing the speed at which text rendering can occur.

Abstract: A method, system and computer readable medium for transforming three dimensional (3D) color information into a color standard is described. A 3D cube defined by eight RGB color points representing the eight vertices of the 3D cube is stored. Each of the eight points represents one of the colors: red, yellow, white, magenta, blue, black, green and cyan. In addition, each of the eight points represents the difference between the capacity of a display and the color standard. The 3D cube is divided into six tetrahedrons and the tetrahedron corresponding to an input RGB pixel is selected. A 3×3 matrix based on the vertices of the selected tetrahedron is calculated. The 3×3 matrix is then multiplied by the components of the input RGB pixel to produce an output RGB pixel conforming to the color standard.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for preserving gray colors in an electronic document. An electronic document is received. The document contains a plurality of objects having a plurality of object types. Objects of a type which require gray preservation are selected. The colors of selected objects are tested for gray. The gray color test is conducted in a local color space, or alternatively in a device independent color space after converting the objects colors to the device independent color space after converting the objects colors to the device independent color space. The gray color test in the test color space is a strict color test, or alternatively is a relaxed color test. Objects containing only gray colors are identified, and their colors are preserved by inhibiting color management of their colors.

Abstract: A paint color matching and coordinating system comprises an interface for receiving an input reference color, a processor capable of reading a memory, a memory including (1) instructions readable by the processor and (2) a database of architectural paint colors spanning all or most of the known color space, and a display generator. In use, the interface of the system receives an input reference color from a user. The processor selects a “reference paint color” from the database, the reference paint color being visually closer, with respect to color space, to the input reference color than any other paint color in the database. According to the invention, color space is divided into a plurality of fixed, generally equally sized, non-overlapping, contiguous portions, each color space portion being defined as the space of all colors within a band of hues within color space.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a display using a plurality of visual stimuli. A plurality of visual stimuli having an associated digital count and an associated position are displayed. The digital count of each of the visual stimuli are adjusted wherein the plurality of visual stimuli are ordered and there are perceived lightness differences between the visual stimuli. An offset is estimated based on the digital count and the position of the visual stimuli. A gain is estimated based on the offset. A gamma is estimated based on the gain, the offset, the digital count and an estimate of luminance of the visual stimuli. An average gamma is estimated by determining the average value of the gamma for the plurality of visual stimuli. In one embodiment, the visual stimuli are a series of patches positioned in a row, each patch of having a pre-assigned gray level and having a visual control to lighten or darken the visual stimuli, wherein the gray level corresponds to the digital count.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a color selection method, which includes the steps of selecting colors in accordance with identification criteria supplied, for example, by a vehicle manufacturer; displaying the colors in the form of color reference chips on the screen of a display unit attached to a computer; selecting a desired color chip from the color reference chips on the screen; accessing and displaying color formulas; and then finally selecting a desired color formula that lists all the ingredients needed to prepare a coating composition, such as automotive refinish paint or architectural paint, from the color formulas displayed on the screen. The technician can then mix the ingredients, such as tints, in the proportions provided in the desired color formula to make the coating composition.

Abstract: The data bits of a first image data unit representing a first range of 0-255 continuous color tones are mapped to a second image data unit having an expanded bit count capable of representing a second range of continuous color tones greater the first range. Of the available colors tones in the second range, 256 color tones are selected and associated with the 256 data combinations achievable with the first image data unit. A decoder is used to convert each data combination in the first image data unit into its corresponding color tone from the second range, which defines its conversion into a second image data unit. In this manner, one can expand the range of displayable colors to approximate the display of true colors associated with a higher resolution without increasing the number of bits of the first image data unit, which is input to a driver IC by an MPU.

Abstract: A method for restoring a light signal from digital data defining a colorimetric coordinate of the light signal in a specific colorimetric system, comprises the step of generating a first light signal using a first light restoration unit, the step of generating a second light signal using a second light restoration unit, and the step of generating a third light signal obtained by superimposing the first and second light signals. The second light restoration unit covers a brightness dynamics less than the brightness dynamics covered by the first restoration light unit. The second light restoration unit has a brightness resolution finer than the first light restoration unit.

Abstract: A method (30) of reducing contouring in a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display can include receiving a frame-doubled input signal (32) comprising a positive picture and a negative picture. A first dither (36) specified by a gamma table can be applied to the input signal. The first dither can selectively modify a primary-color gamma value of the negative picture or the positive picture. Also, a second dither (34) can be applied to the input signal at an input of the gamma table. The first and second dither can result in an output signal having reduced brightness level repetition for consecutive input levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reproducing a gray scale image (1) in colors on a color monitor (6), in which method each shade of gray (2) is assigned, using a look-up table (4, 5), a given output value (R, G, B) for driving the electron guns (8R, 8G, 8B) of the color monitor. Assignment is performed in such a manner that a given color deviation is imparted to successive shades of gray, which deviation enables differentiation of the shades of gray by a human observer without such deviations becoming disturbing. Consequently, the information concerning the optical density of the original gray scale image (1) is preserved; this is important notably for the interpretation of medical images. Additionally, the special display properties of the monitor (6) and/or the ambient circumstances can be taken into account in the look-up table (4, 5) in order to optimize the reproduction of the gray scale image.

Abstract: A first command is retrieved from a script containing one or more commands written for a first color space. A behavior of the first command in the first color space and in a second color space is determined. The behavior comprises one of unique behavior, transparent behavior, and different behavior. The first command has the unique behavior when the first command only operates in the first color space. The first command has the transparent behavior when the first command generates similar results in the first color space and in the second color space. The first command has the different behavior when the first command generates different results in the first color space and in the second color space. Using the behavior of the first command, an operation associated with the first command is processed. The operation is processed in a preferred format based on current formats of the input buffers.

Abstract: The technique of the present invention carries out color conversion of first image data expressed by a first color system into second image data expressed by a second color system. The procedure first collects multiple adjoining pixels of the first image data into one block, and calculates a tone difference of the first image data in the block based on the first image data of the respective pixels. When the calculated tone difference is less than a preset value, procedure carries out collective color conversion without discrimination of the respective pixels included in the block. This enables the high-speed color conversion. When the calculated tone difference is not less than the preset value, on the other hand, the procedure carries out color conversion by a unit of each pixel included in the block. This prevents deterioration of the picture quality. The technique of the invention thus ensures the high-speed color conversion without deteriorating the picture quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems to facilitate pattern recognition in complex biological data using component plane presentations of clustered data.

Abstract: A method for transforming three color input signals (R, G, B) corresponding to three gamut defining color primaries to four color output signals (R?, G?, B?, W) corresponding to the gamut defining color primaries and one additional color primary W for driving a display having a white point different from W includes the steps of: normalizing the color input signals (R,G,B) such that a combination of equal amounts in each signal produces a color having XYZ tristimulus values identical to those of the additional color primary to produce normalized color signals (Rn,Gn,Bn); calculating a common signal S that is a function F1 of the three normalized color signals (Rn,Gn,Bn); calculating a function F2 of the common signal S and adding it to each of the three normalized color signals (Rn,Gn,Bn) to provide three color signals (Rn?,Gn?,Bn?); normalizing the three color signals (Rn?,Gn?,Bn?) such that a combination of equal amounts in each signal produces a color having XYZ tristimulus values identical to those of the

Abstract: A method (and system) for producing a halftoned image, includes calculating errors corresponding to a plurality of different viewing conditions of a halftone image, and minimizing a function of the errors, such that the halftoned image appears as a different image under different viewing conditions. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the halftoned image appears as the same image under different viewing conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color image dithering method and apparatus for producing an output point in an output color space corresponding to a selected vertex in a tetrahedron of a three-dimensional cubic subinterval of a pixel point in a source color space.

Abstract: A method is described for enhancing a color digital image by first identifying a local neighborhood of pixels including a pixel of interest and then using the color values of one or more of the pixels from the local neighborhood to calculate a color weighting factor for the pixel of interest, where the color weighting factor is a near continuous function of the location of the pixel of interest in a color space. A spatial filter is applied to the values of pixels from the local neighborhood to calculate a first signal value and a second signal value for the pixel of interest. The color weighting factor is then used to modify either the first value or the second value, and an enhanced pixel value is then generated for the pixel of interest from the first value and second values. The process is then repeated for other pixels in the color digital image.

Abstract: The present invention varies the highlight color of a highlighted display area such that the salience of the highlighted display area remains constant to a user as the highlighted display area varies. A perceptual highlight color is determined based upon the total amount of highlighted display area and the background color of the non-highlighted display area and applied to text selected to be highlighted by a user as well as to text already highlighted on the display. In other embodiments, the perceptual highlight color can be based upon the total amount of highlighted display area and the text color of the text in the highlighted display area, and the total amount of the highlighted display area, the background color of the non-highlighted display area, and the text color.

Abstract: A method is for producing the bump mapping effect for a 3D object in a computer graphic. First, a shading vector is produced at one point of the surface of the 3D object. A shift coordinate with respect to this point is determined, according to the shading vector. According to the shift coordinate, a rotational calculation matrix is set up. Then, a diffuse color value with respect to this point is computed, which is equal to the difference between an adjacent rotation color value to this point and an averaged color value, wherein the averaged color value is defined as the sum and average of the color channels for R, G, and B with respect to this point, and the adjacent rotation color value is defined as a sum of the averaged color value with respect to a number of the adjacent points and the coefficient product with respect to the adjacent points in the rotational calculation matrix. Then, the emboss image value at this point is computed.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention may include a method updating a color look-up table (CLUT) for a next line of graphics before a current line of graphics has been completely read out of a graphics FIFO and assigned color pixel values. The method may include the step of formatting or arranging the CLUT into a plurality of sub-CLUTs. Each one of the sub-CLUTs may include pixel color values for each one of a plurality of pixels which may include a line of the graphics image data. Pixel color values may be read from within a first selected sub-CLUT, the first selected sub-CLUT comprising pixel color values for a first line of the graphics image data. The read pixel color value may be applied to the current first line of the graphics image data. While the read pixel color value is being applied to the current first line, pixel color values for a second selected sub-CLUT may be updated. The second selected sub-CLUT may include color pixel values for a second line of the graphics image data.

Abstract: When color matching using CIECAM97s is carried out, it is required that the characteristics of lighting conditions be detected simply and accurately. In a conventional method of detecting lighting conditions, accurate characteristic values cannot be detected if the user selects lighting conditions of a variety of types sensorially. If detection is performed directly by a photometric sensor, on the other hand, apparatus having a complicated structure is required. According to the invention, therefore, the rated-product number of a lighting lamp is input, a lighting characteristic value is calculated based upon the rated-product number, and color matching processing is executed using a color appearance model that is based upon the lighting characteristic value. As a result, lighting characteristics can be detected simply and accurately and it is possible to execute color matching processing using a color appearance model that takes lighting into account.