Abstract: An Electron Emission Display (EED) with decreased signal distortion has a data driver to convert data driving signals into display data signals having predetermined data voltage levels and to output the display data signals to data electrode lines. A method of driving the EED includes supplying an auxiliary voltage to the data electrode lines during blanking periods according to subsequent data and supplying the display data signals during active periods between the blanking periods.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of electron emission portions that emit electrons, a plurality of light emitting regions positioned corresponding to the plurality of electron emission portions to emit light in response to irradiation of electrons from the electron emission portion thereon, and a shielding member provided between a substrate having the electron emission portions provided thereon and an opposing substrate having the light emitting regions thereon, and a correction circuit that corrects a pixel signal for modulating the electron emission portions. The shielding member shields electrons reflected from peripheral light emitting regions adjacent to a predetermined one of the light emitting regions to the predetermined light emitting region, and irradiates electrons from the shielding member to the predetermined light emitting region.

Abstract: An Electron Emission Device (EED) that can reduce background-brightness resulting from collisions between anodes and only a few electrons when data is not supplied to an electron emission display panel includes: an electron emission display panel including scan electrodes, data electrodes, and anodes, electrons colliding with the anode in accordance with a voltage difference between the scan electrodes and the data electrodes; a discharge current measuring unit adapted to measure a discharge current value of the electron emission display panel; a comparison unit adapted to output control signals proportional to a current difference between the measured discharge current value and an inputted reference value; a scan voltage control unit adapted to amplify an output voltage of sequentially outputted scanning signals to scan electrode lines of the electron emission display panel according to scan driving signals having a predetermined frequency, the scan voltage control unit operating in accordance with the cont

Abstract: A display device driver constructed of scanning selection switches corresponding to a plurality of scanning wiring lines, a non-selection switch which brings the scanning wiring line into a non-selected state, a feedback switch which detects a scanning electrode potential and a negative feedback amplifier which sets the scanning electrode potential to a predetermined potential every electrode based on the scanning electrode potential detected by the feedback switch, and a time constant formed of a combined capacitance of a capacitance of the feedback switch and a wiring line capacitance and a feedback switch resistance is set to be smaller than that of a display panel capacitance and a scanning selection switch resistance.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an image display devices driven in a matrix by a plurality of row wirings and column wirings, a scanning circuit for sequentially selecting and scanning the row wirings, a modulation circuit for applying a modulated signal, voltage amplitude of which varies in one pulse signal, to the column wirings, and a voltage drop compensation circuit for calculating corrected image data for reducing an influence of voltage drops due to at least resistance components of the row wirings, with respect to image data. The voltage drop compensation circuit include an effective voltage calculating circuit for finding an effective voltage value on the basis of the image data, and a compensation value calculating circuit for calculating a compensation value for reducing an influence of voltage drops due to at least resistance components of the row wirings, with respect to the effective voltage value.

Abstract: An Electron Emission Display (EED) device, adapted to of adjust a pulse width of data signal according to an active pulse width of a horizontal synchronization signal, includes: a scan driver, a data driver; an EED panel displaying display data; a reference signal memory adapted to store a lookup table of active pulse widths of horizontal synchronization signals defined by a system clock and reference signals corresponding to the active pulse widths of the horizontal synchronization signals; a reference signal referring unit adapted to output a reference signal in accordance with the lookup table stored in the reference signal memory; and a gray level signal generator adapted to count the reference signal and output a gray level signal to the data driver, the data driver outputting video data corresponding to the gray level signal to data electrode lines of the EED panel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for revising video data for en electron emission display device to improve image quality by reducing non-uniformity in luminance of a plurality of pixels. In an exemplary embodiment, a display region includes a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprising at least one electron emission device. A scan driver and a data driver control the pixels through electrodes coupled to the display region. A revision coefficient unit is coupled to the display driver, for storing a plurality of revision coefficients, receiving and revising video data utilizing the revision coefficients, and sending revised video data to the data driver. The revision coefficients correspond to first average luminance values of first lines of pixels extending in a first direction, and second average luminance values of second lines of pixels extending in a second direction.

Abstract: A field emission device (100) is provided for reducing power and audible noise during discharging of dielectric surfaces (137, 138). The field emission device (100) comprises an anode (122) and a first substrate (111) including a cathode plate (110) comprising a plurality of active display devices (114) and dielectric surfaces (137, 138). The plurality of active display devices (114) emit electrons (132) to strike the anode during a scanning mode, and emit electrons (135) to strike the dielectric surfaces (137, 138) during a discharge mode. At least one of a plurality of spacers (136) positioned between the anode (122) and the cathode plate (110) comprise a first sense electrode (142) positioned proximate to the anode (122), and a second sense electrode (144) positioned proximate to the cathode plate (110) and spaced apart from the first sense electrode (142).

Abstract: An electron emission display device may include a pixel unit configured to emit electrons from first electrodes in accordance with voltages applied to the first electrodes and second electrodes, a clock generator including first and second lookup tables storing pulse widths of clocks, the clock generator configured to select one of the first and second lookup tables in accordance with polarity signals and to output the clocks, a data driver configured to generate data signals from image signals and the clocks generated from the clock generator, and to transfer the data signals and the clocks to the first electrode, and a scan driver configured to generate scan signals and to transfer the scan signals to the second electrode.

Abstract: A fixed pixel display device has a construction such that the leading-edge and trailing-edge waveforms of a voltage to be applied to a data electrode can be made steep. The fixed pixel display device is provided with scanning electrodes, data electrodes connected to actuation drivers (50), and light-emitting regions. Each of the actuation drivers (50), includes a switching circuit, an output circuit (51), and a subtraction circuit (52). The switching circuit is equipped with a first switching circuit (53), a second switching circuit (54), and a comparator (55).

Abstract: Provided is a source driver circuit for an active matrix electroluminescent (EL) display including a digital-to-analog converter/ramp circuit for converting a digital signal into an analog signal, and generating a ramp signal in this process, simultaneously, whereby high degree of integration would be possible since a conventional complicated circuit is not required and gray scale with the high characteristic can be implanted, regardless of a change of a temperature or a threshold voltage.

Abstract: Methods for compensating for brightness variations in a field emission device. In one embodiment, a method and system are described for measuring the relative brightness of rows of a field emission display (FED) device, storing information representing the measured brightness into a correction table and using the correction table to provide uniform row brightness in the display by adjusting row voltages and/or row on-time periods. A special measurement process is described for providing accurate current measurements on the rows. This embodiment compensates for brightness variations of the rows, e.g., for rows near the spacer walls. In another embodiment, a periodic signal, e.g., a high frequency noise signal, is added to the row on-time pulse in order to camouflage brightness variations in the rows near the spacer walls. In another embodiment, the area under the row on-time pulse is adjusted to provide row-by-row brightness compensation based on correction values stored in a memory resident correction table.

Abstract: There is provided a characteristic adjustment method for an image forming apparatus that is provided with a multi-electron source in which a plurality of electron-emitting devices are electrically connected by wiring and arranged on a substrate and a fluorescent member for emitting light by irradiation of an electron beam, the method including: a measurement step of dividing a display portion of the image forming apparatus into a plurality of areas and measuring light emitting characteristics of at least one or more of the electron-emitting devices in the respective divided areas, and a shifting step of shifting the light emitting characteristics of the electron-emitting devices in the divided areas to individual characteristic target values by applying a characteristic shift voltage to the electron-emitting devices.

Abstract: An electro emission device (EED) operated by a driver for modulating the pulse width of a driving pulse according to a pulse width modulation (PWM) clock signal to control the brightness of images. The EED calculates a brightness level of image data indicating the brightness of the whole image for each unit image of a video signal. The image data is stored for each unit image of the video signal. The reference brightness level stored in the look-up table is compared with a calculated brightness level to determine a signal of the PWM clock signal condition. A PWM clock signal is generated according to the signal of the PWM clock signal condition to drive the display panel based on the PWM clock signal.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes a display panel having a first substrate on which at least one first electrode is formed, a second substrate on which a second electrode and a third electrode on which an electron emission source is formed are formed. A fourth electrode is formed between the first and second substrates to focus towards a corresponding phosphor surface area on the at least one first electrode the electrons emitted by the electron emission source towards a corresponding phosphor surface area on the at least one first electrode, the second electrode being insulated from the third electrode and crossed therewith. A scan electrode driver applies scan pulses to the second electrode. A data electrode driver applies data pulses to the third electrode. A focusing electrode driver applies focusing voltages to the fourth electrode. The focusing electrode driver applies different voltages according to image displayed states on the display panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image pickup device capable of greatly reducing delay in drive signals supplied to field emission devices, and cross-talk and the like that originate in these drive signals. The image pickup device comprises a photoelectric conversion film for receiving incident light on one side thereof; a field emission layer having an electron emitting surface apart from and facing the other side of the photoelectric conversion film, and including a plurality of electron emission devices; and a drive layer formed on a back side of the field emission layer and including a plurality of device drive circuits for supplying drive signals to each of back electrodes of the plurality of electron emission devices.

Abstract: An electron emission device (EED) includes a display panel, first and second electrode drivers, and a controller. The display panel includes first electrodes in the column direction, second electrodes in the row direction, and an electron emission source. The first and the second electrode drivers drive the first and the second electrodes. The controller receives first vertical and horizontal synchronous signals and an input signal including video data, regenerates a first vertical synchronous signal and a second horizontal synchronous signal according to a blank-time information of a blank-time for representing no gray scales of an image and an on-time information of an on-time for representing the gray scales thereof, generates the drive signal for driving the display panel based on the regenerated second vertical and horizontal synchronous signals, and outputs them to the first and second electrode drivers.

Abstract: An image display device which prevents damage to an electron-emitting device from discharge between a faceplate and a rear plate is provided. A conductive plate 12 including a transparent conductive film is formed over a surface of a substrate 11, a distance specifying member 13 having a plurality of openings is formed on the conductive area 12, a fluorescent material 14 is arranged in the opening, and a conductive film 15 is arranged on the fluorescent material 14 to for a face plate. A resistance Rx between the adjacent conductive films 15 is set larger than a resistance Rz, between the conductive film 15 and the conductive area 12. Discharge current generated between each conductive film 15 and a rear plate 21 is caused to flow into the conductive area 12 by applying anode voltage to the conductive area 12, which suppresses influence on an electron-emitting device 23.

Abstract: A back substrate has a plurality of electron emission elements. A display substrate comprises an optically transparent substrate disposed opposite to the back substrate; an accelerating electrode formed on the inner face of the optically transparent substrate for accelerating electron beams emitted from the electron emission elements; and luminescent materials excited by the electron beams to emit light toward the outer face of the optically transparent substrate. A frame member supports the back substrate and display substrate on their peripheries. A vacuum chamber is defined by the back substrate, display substrate, and frame member. A conductor electrically connected to the accelerating electrode is drawn out to the outside of the vacuum chamber. A high voltage connector for supplying an accelerating voltage to the conductor is removably connected to the conductor.

Abstract: A scanning wiring driving unit for generating a signal of a frequency Fb applies a scanning signal to a plurality of scanning wirings which are a part of a plurality of scanning wirings. In a next selection period following a predetermined selection period, by shifting by a portion of the scanning wiring to which the scanning signal was applied in a previous stage, a scanning signal is applied to a plurality of scanning wirings. Further, in any one of the selection periods, a scanning signal is applied to a plurality of scanning wirings simultaneously, and n pieces of scanning wirings are sequentially scanned by use of a frequency of n X Fb and below.

Abstract: An inverter driving apparatus for driving a plurality of lamp units is provided. The inverter driving apparatus includes a plurality of inverter boards for generating driving signals for driving respective lamp units based on a control signal and a voltage signal. Each lamp unit includes at least one lamp, and the plurality of inverter boards are connected in series and include a first outer inverter board receiving the control signal and a second outer inverter board located opposite the first outer inverter board receiving the voltage signal. Each of the plurality of inverter boards transmits the control signal and/or the voltage signal to at least one of the plurality of inverter boards adjacent thereto.

Abstract: This invention discloses an arrangement for suppressing an erroneous display and suppressing damage to an image display apparatus when a power source is turned on, the power source is turned off, an outlet is removed, or power fails. Particularly, this invention discloses an arrangement for stopping, for a predetermined time, input of a scanning signal or modulation signal to a display panel or application of an accelerating potential in turning on the power source. This invention discloses an arrangement for stopping input of a scanning signal or modulation signal to the display panel, and then stopping supply of power in turning off the power source.

Abstract: In a display device is capable of performing the gradation display of high bits by regulating the sheet resistance of the signal lines according to the set operation conditions of a display panel, plural pixels that are formed of plural sub-pixels each consisting of a pair of a cathode and a phosphor layer are arranged in a matrix to constitute a two-dimensional display region, and wherein when Ry is a vertical resolution of the display region, ? is a cathode efficiency, Ies is a peak current per color sub-pixel, Ed [V] is the maximum amplitude of a drive voltage that is applied to the signal lines, b is the number of gradation bits, and SR[?/?] is a sheet resistance of the signal lines, SR<?·Ed/3·2b·Ies·Ry is satisfied.

Abstract: An image-forming device having, in an envelope, an electron-emitting element, an image-forming member for forming an image by irradiation of an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting element, and an electroconductive supporting member for supporting the envelope. The potential of the supporting member is controlled to not be higher than the maximum potential applied to the electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element and the image-forming member can be placed in juxtaposition on the same substrate, an electro-conductive substrate can be additionally provided in opposition to the face of the substrate, and the supporting member can be connected electrically to one of the electrodes and also to the electro-conductive substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel having cathodes, gates, and anodes in which the cathodes and the gates are connected in a matrix manner, and an electron emitter which emits electrons in a state where a voltage is applied only between the cathodes and the anodes and which is provided with the cathode. A display of pixels is performed under a dark state by stopping electron emission from the electron emitter for the anodes by applying a stop voltage between the cathodes and the gates. In addition, a controller controls operation of a circuit for driving a display panel in such a way that a potential of each of the anodes becomes not less than a threshold value potential by which the potential of each of the anodes can perform electron emission from the electron emitter after a predetermined time elapse from starting of application of a drive voltage which provides a specified display state or the stop voltage between the cathodes and the gates when a display starting signal is generated.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having an electron source, an acceleration electrode for accelerating electrons emitted from the electron source and phosphors for emitting light by collision of electrons accelerated by the acceleration electrode, and a detector for detecting a current flowing through the acceleration electrode during a non-display period. In addition, a controller is provided to decrease the luminance level, stop display driving or transmit warning information when the current detected becomes more than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A display device is provided with a display screen (30) for displaying image information, having a predetermined number of luminescent picture elements (35). In operation, an electron beam (45) is generated by an electron gun (40) and entered into a two-dimensional slalom guide (10), wherein the beam is guided in two mutually perpendicular directions by means of slalom focusing. Subsequently, the electron beam (45) is extracted from a selected cell (56) of the slalom guide (10) towards a corresponding picture element (35). The path of the electron beam (45) in the slalom guide (10) can be fully customized within the guidance plane. Preferably, the guidance plane extends substantially parallel to the display screen (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image display apparatus for forming an image with a plurality of luminescent spots to be precisely aligned in a matrix. For example, a spacer disposed between an electron source and a face plate causes luminescent spots on the face plate spaced unevenly. The luminescent spots spaced unevenly will produce a visual unevenness in luminance which deteriorates the quality of produced image. By modifying the quantity of light of luminescent spots spaced unevenly, the visual unevenness in luminance is compensated.

Abstract: In the case where the number of pixels is increased in a display device making use of electron source elements, a period, in which one pixel is caused to continue to emit light, shortened, and so there is caused a need of applying a high voltage between upper and lower electrodes of an electron source element in a short period. Therefore, there is caused a problem that a drive circuit is made severe in operating condition and so the display device is degraded in reliability. Two TFTs are arranged on each of pixels. Also, a time gradation system is used, in which one frame period is divided into a plurality of sub-frame periods, a light emitting or non-emitting state of each of the pixels is selected in the respective sub-frame periods, and gradation is represented by adding up periods, in which the light emitting state is selected in the respective sub-frame periods. Thus it is possible to provide a display device having a high reliability and a method of driving the same.

Abstract: A control circuit for controlling an electron-emitting device is formed to draw, with a voltage applied, an excitation current being related to a number of electrons emitted. The inventive control circuit includes a first determinator for determining whether an amount of charge transported by the excitation current has reached a predetermined charge threshold value, a second determinator for determining whether a magnitude of the excitation current has reached a predetermined current threshold value, and a switch for switching off the excitation current as soon as the first determinator determines that the amount of charge has reached a predetermined charge threshold value, or as soon as the second determinator determines that the magnitude of the excitation current is smaller than the predetermined current threshold value.

Abstract: A multiplex anode matrix fluorescent display capable of allowing a duty cycle thereof to be multiple times that of the prior art multiplex anode matrix fluorescent display is provided without changing the structure of the prior art multiplex anode matrix fluorescent display.

Abstract: Field emission displays (FEDs) having improved structure are provided. In one implementation, a field emission display comprises a faceplate, a backplate, a volume formed therebetween and maintained as a vacuum, a cathode and an anode. A thickness of the faceplate and the backplate are sufficient to prevent deformation of the faceplate and the backplate across their dimensions due to the vacuum such that spacers are not needed to maintain a uniform separation between the anode and the cathode. In an alternative implementation, the volume includes a first portion between the cathode and the anode and a second portion between the cathode and the backplate, the second portion continuous with the first portion. The second portion provides an improved volume to surface area ratio, which improves vacuum quality and which allows for improved gettering, which again allows for improved vacuum quality and longer display lifetime.

Abstract: A compact and high-power piezoelectric transformer is realized by using higher order longitudinal extensional mode vibrations and increasing an effective electromechanical coupling factor by a primary electrode which consists of plural electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron-emitting device, an electron source, and an image-forming apparatus that have uniform electron-emitting characteristics, emit electron beams whose diameters are small, have simple constructions, and are easy to be manufactured. The electron-emitting device comprising: a first electrode arranged on a surface of a substrate; an insulating layer arranged on the first electrode; a second electrode arranged on the insulating layer; and an electron-emitting film arranged on the second electrode, where the second electrode has two side surfaces that oppose each other in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate, and the electron-emitting film is arranged so as to be shifted toward one of the two side surfaces.

Abstract: This invention discloses an arrangement for suppressing an erroneous display and suppressing damage to an image display apparatus when a power source is turned on, the power source is turned off, an outlet is removed, or power fails. Particularly, this invention discloses an arrangement for stopping, for a predetermined time, input of a scanning signal or modulation signal to a display panel or application of an accelerating potential in turning on the power source. This invention discloses an arrangement for stopping input of a scanning signal or modulation signal to the display panel, and then stopping supply of power in turning off the power source.

Abstract: Provided are image display apparatus and image display methods capable of suitably making correction for variation of driving conditions due to an electric resistance of matrix wiring of a display panel by downsized hardware. The apparatus and methods involve a device of calculating voltage drop amounts caused by the resistance of row wires, for input image data, and a device of calculating image data with correction for the voltage drop amounts (corrected image data). An overflow processing circuit is provided so as to prevent overflow of the image data after the correction from an input range of a modulator, and the overflow is prevented by a gain. Since a gradation converter for changing a gradation conversion characteristic by a gain is provided in the stage preceding to the configuration for making the correction for influence of the voltage drop, it becomes feasible to cancel saturation characteristics of phosphors and to display images with high quality thereby.

Abstract: A method for generating an uniform luminosity for displaying contents on an organic light emitting diode display device that include a plurality of pictures and a plurality of pixels has a driver circuit in the display device to light the pictures and pixels. The method includes: (A) setting a unit time which is the time of the driver chip to scan every pixel; (B) calculating the multiple of the area of every picture; (C) obtaining the multiple of the maximum area; and (D) calculating the multiple of the area of every picture according to step (B).

Abstract: In a display device arranging anode wires and cathode wires in a matrix shape, disposing light emitting elements at the intersections, scanning and driving the cathodes at specific time intervals, and driving the anode of a desired light emitting element in synchronism therewith, thereby selectively emitting the light emitting element, the display controller includes a setting unit for setting the discharge time for discharging the accumulated charge of the light emitting elements before light emitting of the light emitting elements, and operates and controls the anode controller and cathode controller for discharging the accumulated charge of the light emitting elements within the set discharge time, and also operates and controls the anode controller and cathode controller for emitting the light emitting elements after discharge control of the accumulated charge.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an emitter section formed on a substrate, a cathode electrode formed on one surface of the emitter section, and an anode electrode formed on the same one surface of the emitter section and cooperating with the cathode electrode in providing a slit. A pulse generation source applies a drive voltage between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The anode electrode is connected to GND (ground). The slit has a width in the range from 0.1 ?m to 50 ?m.

Abstract: An active type of light emission drive circuit includes a switching element which turns on in response to a scan pulse to allow a data signal to pass therethrough, a capacitive element for holding the data signal passed through the switching element during the ON state of the switching element, and a drive element for supplying a forward drive current to an organic EL element in accordance with the data signal held on the capacitive element to allow the organic EL element to emit light. The switching element is formed of a diode element that turns on by the potential difference between the scan pulse and the data signal when the scan pulse is supplied. A display device incorporating the drive circuit is disclosed.

Abstract: A method controls voltage of a matrix structure electron source. The method includes setting the emission of electrons by applying potentials on the selected line and column(s) at a value allowing this emission, maintaining these potentials at their value throughout the duration of the emission, carrying out a sampling and analog memorisation of the emission current of each pixel of the column(s) at the start of the emission time, and using another current supplied by a current generator that is proportional to the value of the measured emission current circulating the column(s); and measuring the quantity of charge delivered, during all or part of the remaining line time, by each current generator, and when this quantity reaches a required value, commuting the potential of the column associated to the current generator to a value that ensures the blocking of the emission of electrons of the pixel of this column.

Abstract: Methods of operating field emission displays are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for operating a field emission display includes applying a voltage to an extraction grid with respect to an emitter in proximity to the extraction grid to extract electrons from the emitter, regulating a supply of electrons from the emitter in response to a control signal, and accelerating the electrons from the emitter towards a faceplate with an accelerating voltage that also reverse biases a semiconductor diode extending from a baseplate that includes the extraction grid and the emitter to the faceplate.

Abstract: A display apparatus, that includes current driving type luminescent elements, has a driving system that takes the conduction types of TFTs to control the emission of the luminescent elements into consideration. In order to reduce driving voltage and improve display quality simultaneously, the arrangement is provided such that if the second TFT which performs the “on-off” function of the current for the luminescent element is of an N channel type, the potential of the common power supply line (“com”) is lowered below the potential of the opposite electrode (“op”) of the luminescent element to obtain a higher gate voltage (“Vgcur”).

Abstract: To improve luminance uniformity in a panel plane, for example, there is set an amplitude of a pixel driving voltage which is an anode current in the neighborhood of a threshold value of electron emission of one pixel and the amplitude is kept as a threshold value correction value for each pixel, and to correct the luminance variation in the high-luminance emission between the pixels, there is set an amplitude of a pixel driving voltage which is an anode current in the neighborhood of a maximum value of electron emission of one pixel and the amplitude is kept as a gain correction value for each pixel. In the configuration, when a video image is displayed, the input video signal is corrected using the threshold correction value and the gain correction value for each pixel.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an image-forming device in an envelope. The image-forming device includes a member (e.g., a thin film electrode) which is carried on the inner surface of the envelope and is adapted to application of electron-accelerating voltage Va. The member-carrying part, such as a transparent face plate, of the envelope also includes on its outer surface a structure for applying a voltage substantially equal to the voltage Va (e.g., an electroconductive layer connected to the thin-film electrode by way of a certain resistance). The electric field across the part is significantly reduced to thereby prevent migration of sodium ions contained in the part, which can be made of soda lime glass.

Abstract: One image is displayed in a period as one frame, which includes one charge accumulation period and one light emission period. In the charge accumulation period, all electron emitters are scanned, and voltages depending on the luminance levels of corresponding pixels are applied to the electron emitters which correspond to pixels to be turned on (to emit light), to accumulate charges (electrons) in amounts depending on the luminance levels of corresponding pixels in the electron emitters which correspond to pixels to be turned on. In the next light emission period, a constant voltage is applied to all the electron emitters to emit electrons in amounts depending on the luminance levels of corresponding pixels from the electron emitters which correspond to pixels to be turned on, thereby emitting light from the pixels to be turned on.

Abstract: In the case where the number of pixels is increased in a display device making use of electron source elements, a period, in which one pixel is caused to continue to emit light, shortened, and so there is caused a need of applying a high voltage between upper and lower electrodes of an electron source element in a short period. Therefore, there is caused a problem that a drive circuit is made severe in operating condition and so the display device is degraded in reliability. Two TFTs are arranged on each of pixels. Also, a time gradation system is used, in which one frame period is divided into a plurality of sub-frame periods, a light emitting or non-emitting state of each of the pixels is selected in the respective sub-frame periods, and gradation is represented by adding up periods, in which the light emitting state is selected in the respective sub-frame periods. Thus it is possible to provide a display device having a high reliability and a method of driving the same.

Abstract: A compact and high-power piezoelectric transformer is realized by using higher order longitudinal extensional mode vibrations and increasing an effective electromechanical coupling factor by a primary electrode which consists of plural electrodes.

Abstract: Grey scale linearity and power efficiency in active matrix (O) LEDs are enhanced by storing the grey value in a memory circuit, coupled to an adjusting circuit, preferably via a current mirror.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for programmable field emission display comprising an array of cathodoluminescent elements. Each cathodoluminescent element in the array is responsive to separate select signals to cause light to be emitted from said display at a location in the array corresponding to each separate cathodoluminescent element. In one embodiment, to account for processing variation and the like, each cathodoluminescent element is provided with a programmable element for adjusting the operating level of the associated cathodoluminescent element in response to select signals of predetermined voltage levels. Each programmable element includes a charge storage device and is initially programmed by storing a level of electric charge thereon such that uniformity of operation among the plurality of cathodoluminescent elements in the array is improved. In one embodiment the programmable element comprises a floating gate transistor.