Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a display region, a functional layer, a first insulating film, and a first conductive film; the display region includes a pixel; the pixel includes a display element and a pixel circuit; the display element includes a first electrode and a second electrode; the second electrode includes a first opening portion; the functional layer includes the pixel circuit, a second opening portion, and an auxiliary wiring; the pixel circuit is electrically connected to the display element in the second opening portion; the auxiliary wiring includes a region overlapping with the first opening portion; the first insulating film includes a third opening portion; the third opening portion includes a region overlapping with the first opening portion; and the first conductive film is electrically connected to the second electrode and the auxiliary wiring in the third opening portion.

Abstract: A display panel including a substrate; a light-emitting element; and a light-shielding layer. The light-emitting element is located at a side of the substrate and includes a primary light-emitting element and an auxiliary light-emitting element. The light-shielding layer is located at a side of the light-emitting element facing away from the substrate and includes a first opening corresponding to the primary light-emitting element. The auxiliary light-emitting element is arranged at a periphery of the primary light-emitting element.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight driving circuit and a liquid crystal display device. The backlight driving circuit of the present disclosure adds a light emitting control module to control a light emitting device to turn on or off, thereby controlling a backlight to turn on or off, realizing a function of black insertion frame by frame of the backlight of the liquid crystal display device, satisfying a BFI function requirement. In addition, it improves product quality. In addition, the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure lights up the backlight after a deflection of a liquid crystal layer is stabilized and displays normally, and therefore, a problem of trailing when displaying images can be decreased.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes: a light emitting element having one end connected to a first power line supplying a first power voltage; a driving transistor for controlling an amount of current flowing to a second power voltage via the light emitting element electrically connected to a first electrode the driving transistor; an initialization transistor connected between a second electrode of the driving transistor and an initialization power line supplying an initialization voltage, the initialization transistor having a gate electrode connected to a first scan line; a compensation transistor connected between the first power line and the first electrode of the driving transistor, the compensation transistor having a gate electrode connected to a second scan line; and a storage capacitor connected between a gate electrode of the driving transistor and the second electrode of the driving transistor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated circuit, a pixel driving device and a pixel defect detecting method and provides a device and method to sense a voltage of a light emitting diode of a pixel through a data line and to compare the sensed voltage with a reference range, thereby determining a pixel defect.

Abstract: A display device includes a display area and a non-display area disposed around the display area and including a pad area. The display device includes a resistance checker disposed in the non-display area, resistance test pads disposed in the pad area, resistance test lines connecting the resistance checker with the resistance test pad, and crack test lines disposed on the outer side of the resistance checker. The resistance test lines intersect the crack test lines in a plan view.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes: a light emitting element; a driving transistor to generate a driving current; a write transistor including a control electrode to receive a write gate signal, a first electrode to receive a data voltage, and a second electrode connected to a first electrode of a storage capacitor; a first compensation transistor including a control electrode to receive a compensation gate signal, a first electrode connected to a control electrode of the driving transistor, and a second electrode connected to a first electrode of the driving transistor; the storage capacitor including the first electrode connected to the second electrode of the write transistor, and a second electrode connected to the control electrode of the driving transistor; and a test transistor including a control electrode, a first electrode to receive the data voltage, and a second electrode connected to a second electrode of the driving transistor.

Abstract: A display module (10) includes: a display panel (12) and a circuit board (14) coupled to the display panel (12). The display panel (12) includes a driving chip (122) and a display unit (124); and the circuit board (14) includes a first filter element (142), wherein the first filter element (142) is coupled to the driving chip (122) and the display unit (124), and a direct current signal output by the driving chip (122) is filtered by the first filter element (142) and then transmitted to the display unit (124). The present disclosure also provides a display apparatus (100).

Abstract: Provided is a data transmission method in a timing controller. The data transmission method includes sending clock calibration data to a source driver chip, wherein the clock calibration data instructs the source driver chip to perform a clock calibration; successively sending, in response to completing the clock calibration by the source driver chip, a first identification code and an initialization control instruction to the source driver chip over a data channel, wherein the first identification code indicates a start of transmission of the initialization control instruction, and the initialization control instruction comprises configuration information, the configuration information instructing the source driver chip to perform a configuration on a physical layer parameter; and successively sending a link stable pattern and display data to the source driver chip.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a light emitting element, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor. The first transistor applies a driving current to the light emitting element. The second transistor and the third transistor apply an initialization voltage to a first electrode of the light emitting element. The second transistor and the third transistor are electrically connected to each other in series.

Abstract: An example method includes estimating, based on content to be displayed at a display of a mobile computing device at a future time, an amount of power to be used by the display at the future time; selecting, based on the estimated power level, a power converter of a plurality of power converters of the mobile computing device, each of the plurality of power converters optimized for a different output power range; and causing electrical power from the selected power converter to be supplied to the display at the future time.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a surrounding display area, below which at least one panel driving circuit is positioned, and a main display area surrounded by the surrounding display area, the display panel including first pixels having a first pixel density and disposed in the surrounding display area and second pixels having a second pixel density greater than the first pixel density and disposed in the main display area; and a display panel driver to divide an input image to be displayed on the display panel in each frame into a first image to be displayed on the surrounding display area and a second image to be displayed on the main display area, calculate a luminance deviation of the first image, and determine whether to display the first image in the surrounding display area based on the luminance deviation of the first image.

Abstract: A driving circuit includes a first transistor, a capacitor, a second transistor, and a driving transistor. The first transistor is configured to provide a data signal according to a first scan signal. The capacitor is coupled to the first transistor, and the capacitor includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The second transistor is coupled to the first transistor, and the second transistor is configured to provide a start signal according to the data signal. The driving transistor is coupled to the second transistor, and the driving transistor is configured to output a driving signal according to the start signal.

Abstract: An object is to provide a semiconductor device having a structure in which parasitic capacitance between wirings can be efficiently reduced. In a bottom gate thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor layer, an oxide insulating layer used as a channel protection layer is formed above and in contact with part of the oxide semiconductor layer overlapping with a gate electrode layer, and at the same time an oxide insulating layer covering a peripheral portion (including a side surface) of the stacked oxide semiconductor layer is formed. Further, a source electrode layer and a drain electrode layer are formed in a manner such that they do not overlap with the channel protection layer. Thus, a structure in which an insulating layer over the source electrode layer and the drain electrode layer is in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pixel driving circuit, a pixel driving method and a display panel. The pixel driving circuit includes the first thin film transistor, the second thin film transistor, the third thin film transistor, the fourth thin film transistor, the fifth thin film transistor, the sixth thin film transistor and the capacitor. The pixel driving circuit can be regarded as a 3 T0.5C circuit structure, so that two adjacent light-emitting devices on the same column can share a pixel driving circuit, and the threshold voltage of the driving thin film transistor and a voltage drop of the supply voltage can be compensated, thus the influence of the threshold voltage defect of the driving thin film transistor and the voltage drop of the supply voltage on the current flowing through the light-emitting device can be eliminated, to improve the display uniformity of the self-light-emitting display panel.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a pixel circuit and a light-emitting element. The pixel circuit includes a data write module, a drive module and a compensation module. The drive module includes a drive transistor. The data write module is connected to an input terminal of the drive module; a first electrode of the compensation module is connected to an output terminal of the drive module, and a second electrode of the compensation module is connected to a control terminal of the drive module. The data write module includes a data write transistor and a bias transistor, the data write transistor is connected to a data signal input terminal and configured to transmit a data signal, and the bias transistor is connected to a bias signal input terminal and configured to transmit a bias signal.

Abstract: A display device comprises a display panel including a plurality of sub-pixels defined by a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines; and an auxiliary ground voltage line disposed between two adjacent data lines of the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is disclosed. In one aspect the display includes a display panel having first through fourth pixels and a scan driving unit that outputs a scan signal to the display panel. The display also includes a data driving unit that alternately outputs a first data signal for the first pixels and a second data signal for the second pixels to the display panel, alternately outputs a third data signal for the third pixels and a fourth data signal for the fourth pixels to the display panel, and begins outputting the first and third data signals before one horizontal period begins The display further includes a demultiplexing unit that alternately applies the first and second data signals to the first and second pixels and the third and fourth data signals to the third and fourth pixels.

Abstract: Systems and methods are used to dim an emissive display such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. A dimming level setpoint signal is received. At least one dimming process is selected from four dimming processes based on a magnitude of the dimming level setpoint signal. A first dimming process selects a subrange of pixel illumination levels from a range of pixel illumination levels. A second dimming process adjusts a VCOM voltage for the pixel array. A third dimming process selects between rolling shutter and global shutter. A fourth dimming process selectively utilizes one or more subpixels from an emissive display pixel based on the magnitude of the dimming level setpoint signal. The selected dimming process or processes are applied to the emissive display, there by dimming the display. The display can be an OLED display.

Abstract: A display module includes a display panel in which a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of sub-pixels are disposed on a plurality of row lines; and a driver. The driver is configured to set a PWM data voltage to the plurality of sub-pixels included in the plurality of row lines in a row line sequence, apply a sweep signal, which is a voltage signal sweeping between two different voltages, to sub-pixels among the plurality of sub-pixels that are included in at least some consecutive row lines among the plurality of row lines in the row line sequence, and drive the display panel to cause the sub-pixels included in the at least some consecutive row lines to emit light based on the PWM data voltage in the row line sequence.

Abstract: A display device includes a first driving transistor of a first subpixel, a second driving transistor of a second subpixel, a first shield metal, a second shield metal, a buffer layer, and an interlayer insulating film; a first source electrode included in the first driving transistor is positioned on or over the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the first shield metal through first holes in the interlayer insulating film and the buffer layer; a second source electrode included in the second driving transistor is positioned on or over the interlayer insulating film and electrically connected to the second shield metal through second holes in the interlayer insulating film and the buffer layer; a welding repair line is positioned between the buffer layer and the interlayer insulating film to overlap with at least a part of the first shield metal and be electrically connected to the second source electrode through a hole in the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A display driving integrated circuit (IC) and a driving parameter adjustment method thereof are provided. The display driving IC includes a control circuit and a driving parameter determination circuit. The control circuit controls a current driving circuit and a scanning circuit according to a driving parameter, wherein the current driving circuit is suitable for driving multiple driving lines of a light emitting diode (LED) array, and the scanning circuit is suitable for driving multiple scanning lines of the LED array. The driving parameter determination circuit is coupled to the control circuit to provide the driving parameter. The driving parameter determination circuit dynamically adjusts the driving parameter for a target LED in the LED array according to a grayscale value of the target LED.

Abstract: In a pixel, a display device including a pixel, and a method of driving the display device, the pixel includes a first transistor connected to a first power source, a fourth node and a first node, a second transistor connected to a third node, a data line and an i-th first scan line, a third transistor connected to the first node, the fourth node, and an i-th third scan line, a fourth transistor connected to the second node, an initialization voltage, and an i-th second scan line, a first capacitor connected between the third node and the first node, a second capacitor connected between the first node and the second node, and an organic light emitting diode connected between the second node and a second power source, wherein I is a natural number and the third transistor is an N-type transistor.

Abstract: A current supply circuit according to the present disclosure may include a voltage/current converter configured to convert, into a data current, a data voltage received from a data driving circuit and a first current mirror circuit configured to mirror the data current so that a light-emitting diode (LED) current flows into an LED array. The data current may be adjusted based on a greyscale value of the LED array.

Abstract: The present disclosure achieves a display device provided with a pixel circuit that enables both high-frequency drive and low-frequency drive without causing deterioration in display quality. In a pixel circuit (20), a holding capacitor (C1) is provided between a second control node (NA) connected to a data signal line via a write control transistor (T3) and a first control node (NG) connected to a control terminal of a drive transistor (T4). An oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) is employed for each of a first initialization transistor (T1) having a second conductive terminal connected to the first control node (NG) and a threshold voltage compensation transistor (T2) having a first conductive terminal connected to the first control node (NG).

Abstract: A display device includes a display area including pixels, a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and a display driver electrically connected to the non-display area. The display area includes a data line that supplies a data voltage received from the display driver to the pixel, the data line extending in a first direction, a gate input line electrically connected to the display driver and extending in the first direction, a gate driver electrically connected to the gate input line, and a gate line electrically connected to the gate driver and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: This application provides a pixel driving circuit and a display panel. The pixel driving circuit includes N pixel driving units connected in cascade. Any one of the pixel driving units includes a light-emitting module, a switch module connected to a first control signal of an nth stage, a detection module connected to a second control signal of the nth stage, and a reset module connected to a reset signal of the nth stage; and the reset signal of the nth stage is connected to an output terminal that outputs a control signal of an mth stage.

Abstract: A pixel includes an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a pixel circuit, and first and second transistors. The OLD includes a cathode electrode connected to a second power source. The pixel circuit includes a driving transistor having a gate electrode initialized by a third power source. The driving transistor controls the amount of current flowing from a first power source to the second power source via the OLED. The first transistor is connected between a fourth power source and the second power source and an anode electrode of the OLED. The first transistor is turned on based on a scan signal is supplied to a scan line. The second transistor is connected between a data line and the pixel circuit. The second transistor is turned on when the scan signal is supplied to the ith scan line.

Abstract: A display device includes a gamma driving power detection circuit for detecting the gamma driving power for driving the data driving circuit and may control digital image data supplied to the data driving circuit according to the gamma driving power measurement detected by the gamma driving power detection circuit, thereby reducing an increase in the temperature of the data driving circuit and enhancing image quality.

Abstract: A display panel, includes: a substrate; and a plurality of OLED devices disposed on the substrate, each of which includes an anode and a light-emitting layer arranged in stack; further includes a patterned area, the patterned area comprising at least one cathode group, each of which includes a plurality of cathodes arranged at intervals, and an orthographic projection of each of the plurality of cathodes on the substrate at least covers an orthographic projection of the light-emitting layer of one of the plurality of OLED devices on the substrate; and for each of the at least one cathode group, the display panel further includes a plurality of first wirings electrically connected to the plurality of cathodes in one-to-one correspondence and a second wiring electrically connected to the plurality of first wirings and electrically connected to a VSS signal line. A display device is further provided.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate including a display area and a non-display area outside the display area; a planarization layer over the substrate, where a first contact hole, a second contact hole and a dummy hole are defined through the planarization layer; a first pixel on the planarization layer and including a first pixel electrode, where the first pixel electrode overlaps the first contact hole and the dummy hole; and a second pixel on the planarization layer and including a second pixel electrode, where the second pixel electrode overlaps the second contact hole.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a light-emitting element, a write transistor writing a data voltage, a driving transistor generating a driving current based on the data voltage and applying the driving current to the light-emitting element, a first initialization transistor applying a first initialization voltage to a control electrode of the driving transistor, a blocking transistor disposed between the light-emitting element and the driving transistor, a first blocking control transistor including a control electrode connected to the control electrode of the driving transistor, a first electrode receiving a first signal, and a second electrode connected to a control electrode of the blocking transistor, and a second blocking control transistor including a control electrode connected to the control electrode of the driving transistor, a first electrode receiving a second signal, and a second electrode connected to the control electrode of the blocking transistor.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display device including a plurality of unit pixels comprising a main pixel and a redundancy pixel which emit a same color; and a gate driver integrated in each of the plurality of unit pixels and comprising a plurality of stages, wherein each of the plurality of stages comprises a scan driving circuit for outputting a first scan signal and a second scan signal; and an emission driving circuit for outputting an emission control signal, wherein an output timing of the first scan signal supplied to the main pixel is the same as an output timing of the first scan signal supplied to the redundancy pixel, and wherein an output timing of the second scan signal supplied to the main pixel is different from an output timing of the second scan signal supplied to the redundancy pixel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a pixel circuit and a display panel. The pixel circuit includes a light-emitting device, a driving transistor, a data signal writing module, a threshold voltage compensation module, a first initialization module, a light-emitting control module, and a coupling capacitor. By adding a coupling capacitor in the pixel circuit, the gate potential of the driving transistor is maintained at the initial value under a long period of display.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. In an embodiment, the display panel has a display region and a non-display region and includes shift registers cascaded and arranged along a first direction. In an embodiment, the shift registers are located in the non-display region. In an embodiment, one of the shift registers includes a switch module and an output module. In an embodiment, the output module is coupled to an output terminal of the shift register and includes two output transistors, and the output transistors are located at a side of the switch module away from the display region. In this way, the probability of occurrence of abnormal phenomena, such as splash screen display, is reduced.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes an organic EL element configured to emit light, a capacitor configured to hold a data voltage, a drive transistor with a data gate connected to one electrode of the capacitor, and a diode connection transistor connected between a source of the drive transistor and the organic EL element. A source of the diode connection transistor is connected to a back gate of the drive transistor. In a case where a channel length of the drive transistor is taken as L1, a channel length of the diode connection transistor is taken as L2, a ratio of a channel width to a channel length of the drive transistor is taken as (W/L)1, and a ratio of a channel width to a channel length of the diode connection transistor is taken as (W/L)2, a relation of L1<L2 and a relation of (W/L)1<(W/L)2 are satisfied.

Abstract: A display device including: a substrate; an active layer disposed on the substrate and including active patterns; a first conductive layer disposed on the active layer; a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer and including a data line; a third conductive layer disposed on the second conductive layer; and a light-emitting element disposed on the third conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer includes a scan line, a first voltage line, and a second voltage line, the third conductive layer includes a third voltage line connected to the first voltage line and a fourth voltage line connected to the second voltage line, the first voltage line and the second voltage line extend in a first direction, the third voltage line and the fourth voltage line extend in a second direction, and the third voltage line and the fourth voltage line are alternately arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A display substrate and a display device are provided. In the display substrate, a first display region includes a first light emitting unit column and a second light emitting unit column each connected with a column of first sub-pixel circuits; a second display region includes a third light emitting unit column and a fourth light emitting unit column each connected with a column of first sub-pixel circuit pairs; each second sub data line is connected with each second light emitting unit column, and each fourth sub data line is connected with each fourth light emitting unit column. The first sub-pixel circuits connected with the fourth light emitting unit column and the first sub-pixel circuits connected with the second light emitting unit column are located in different columns, and the second sub data line and the fourth sub data line are connected by a data line connection portion.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a pixel circuit and a light-emitting element. The pixel circuit includes a data-writing module, a driving module, and a compensation module. The data-writing module is configured to selectively provide a data signal for the driving module. The driving module includes a driving transistor and is configured to provide a driving current to the light-emitting element. The compensation module is configured to compensate a threshold voltage of the driving transistor. A source of the driving transistor includes a first source and a second source, and a drain of the driving transistor includes a first drain and a second drain. A third driving portion is arranged between the first source and the second source. A first driving portion is arranged between the second source and the first drain.

Abstract: A display device includes a first pixel coupled to a first scan line and a data line, and including a first light emitting diode having a cathode coupled to a first power line, and a second pixel coupled to a second scan line and the data line, and including a second light emitting diode having a cathode coupled to a second power line. The first scan line and the second scan line are different from each other. The first power line and the second power line are different from each other. Emission start times and emission end times of the first pixel and the second pixel are synchronized.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a pixel circuit and a light-emitting element. The pixel circuit includes a data write module, a drive module, a compensation module and a reset module. The drive module includes a drive transistor. The data write module is connected between a data signal input terminal and a source of the drive transistor. The compensation module is connected between a gate of the drive transistor and the drain of the drive transistor. The rest module is connected between a reset signal terminal and the drain of the drive transistor. The reset module also serves as a bias module. An operation of the pixel circuit includes a reset stage and a bias stage, during the reset stage, the reset module and the compensation module are on.

Abstract: A display panel includes a plurality of pixel driving circuits arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction. The display panel further comprises a plurality of first control lines, a plurality of second control lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of power lines. Each of the pixel driving circuits is correspondingly connected to the first control line, the second control line, the data line, and two power lines, and the two power lines comprises a first power line and a second power line. The pixel driving circuit includes: a driving transistor, a storage capacitor, a sampling compensation assembly, a first switch assembly, a second switch assembly and a light emitting device.

Abstract: A touch panel includes odd-numbered touch sensor rows, even-numbered touch sensor rows, odd-numbered sensing signal transmission lines extending respectively connected to the odd-numbered touch sensor rows, and even-numbered sensing signal transmission lines respectively connected to the even-numbered touch sensor rows. First sub-scan signal transmission lines are connected only to the odd-numbered touch sensor rows, and second sub-scan signal transmission lines are connected only to the even-numbered touch sensor rows. Main scan signal transmission lines are connected to a demultiplexing circuit to selectively connect the main scan signal transmission lines to the first sub-scan signal transmission lines or the second sub-scan signal transmission lines.

Abstract: A pixel driving circuit and a display panel are provided. The pixel driving circuit includes a scan line, a data line, a capacitor, a switch module, and a driving transistor. A scanning voltage is at a first level in a sampling phase and in a light-emitting phase, and at a second level in a data writing phase. A data voltage is at a high level in the sampling phase, and at a low level in the data writing phase and in the light-emitting phase. The capacitor includes a first capacitor-terminal and a second capacitor-terminal. The driving transistor includes a gate terminal electrically connected with the second capacitor-terminal, a source terminal electrically connected with the scan line, and a drain terminal configured to be electrically connected with the gate terminal in the sampling phase and be disconnected from the gate terminal in the data writing phase.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display apparatus includes a plurality of semiconductor layers, a first insulation film, a first conductive layer, a second insulation film and a display element includes a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are opposed to each other to form a capacitance unit.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel, a display apparatus, and a display panel manufacturing method. The display panel includes a main display region and a sub display region, where the sub display region is fully-surrounded or half-surrounded by the main display region, the sub display region includes a substrate, a first insulating layer, a first metal layer, a second insulating layer, a second metal layer, a dielectric layer, a third metal layer, and a flat layer stacked successively. A signal line of the first metal layer is used to transmit a scan signal of the main display region, and a signal line of the third metal layer is used to transmit a display data signal of the sub display region; the second metal layer is used as an isolation layer for isolating signal interference between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a display region, a non-display region bordering two sides of the display region at least in a first direction and a hole-digging region. The distance from the hole-digging region to the non-display region on a first side of the display region is smaller than the distance from the hole-digging region to the non-display region on a second side of the display region. The display region includes pixel circuits and initialization signal lines. The non-display region includes cascaded initialization signal shift register units. The initialization signal shift register unit includes a first initialization signal shift register unit located in the non-display region on the first side of the display region. The first initialization signal shift register unit is electrically connected to a corresponding initialization signal line having a partial line segment extending around the hole-digging region.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display apparatus. The display panel includes a driving array layer having functional layers and insulation layers. The driving array layer includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a first capacitor including a first plate and a second plate, and a second capacitor including a third plate and a fourth plate. An active layer of the first transistor contains silicon, and an active layer of the second transistor contains oxide semiconductor. The first plate and the second plate are located in two of the functional layers, respectively, and the third plate and the fourth plate are located in two of the functional layers, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display panel, including a first pixel group, a second pixel group, and a third pixel group with different colors. The first pixel group and the second pixel group are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and both include four sub-pixels arranged in a matrix. The third pixel group is adjacent to the first pixel group and the second pixel group, and the third pixel group includes at least two third sub-pixels sequentially arranged along the first direction. A demand of products for printing accuracy requirement of a printing equipment can be reduced under a premise that a number of high pixels per inch (PPI) remains unchanged.

Abstract: A device includes a backplane and a plurality of elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of elements form an irregular pattern. The backplane includes a plurality of circuits. The plurality of elements are coupled to the plurality of circuits by conductive vias that are regularly spaced.