Abstract: In a signal processing apparatus, a photoelectric conversion member includes a first photoelectric conversion layer configured to photoelectrically convert at least one of blue light or red light, and a second photoelectric conversion layer on an incident light surface of the first photoelectric conversion layer and configured to photoelectrically convert green light. An interpolation circuit is configured to interpolate at least one of a blue light signal or a red light signal obtained by photoelectric conversion in the first photoelectric conversion layer L1, using a green light signal obtained by photoelectric conversion in the second photoelectric conversion layer L2. An absorption correction circuit is configured to perform absorption correction on the green light signal, using at least one of the blue light signal or the red light signal that are interpolated by the interpolation circuit.

Abstract: A pixel includes a semiconductor substrate, an upper surface thereof forming a trench having a trench depth relative to a planar region of the upper surface surrounding the trench, and in a plane perpendicular to the planar region; an upper width between the planar region and an upper depth that is less than the trench depth; and a lower width, between the upper depth and the trench depth, that is less than the upper width. A floating diffusion region adjacent to the trench extends away from the planar region to a junction depth exceeding the upper depth and is less than the trench depth. The photodiode region in the substrate includes a lower photodiode section beneath the trench and an upper photodiode section adjacent to the trench, beginning at a photodiode depth that is less than the trench depth, extending toward and adjoining the lower photodiode section.

Abstract: Image capture control methods and apparatuses are provided. A method comprises: adjusting pixel distribution of an image sensing unit, to change a ratio of pixels distributed along two directions in an effective region of the image sensing unit, wherein light through a lens that is in an imaging system and corresponds to an image sensing unit is imaged on the image sensing unit in the effective region, the two directions are parallel with the image sensing unit and orthogonal to each other, the image sensing unit comprises pixels adjustable in distribution, and the pixels are used for recording multidirectional view information of a same object of a scene; and capturing an image of the scene by using the imaging system. Proportions of parallax information recorded by the image sensing unit in the two directions can be changed, and differential capture of view information in different directions can be implemented.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus capable of obtaining a focus detection result from a focus detection area in which an object is more appropriately captured during focus detection using a signal from an image sensor is provided. The imaging apparatus includes an image sensor configured to periodically capture an image, the image sensor including a plurality of pixels each including a plurality of photoelectric conversion units with respect to a microlens, a setting unit configured to set a plurality of focus detection areas, wherein each of the plurality of focus detection areas corresponds to respective areas of the image sensor. The setting unit is configured to provide a plurality of division patterns for forming a plurality of focus detection areas, and switch the division patterns each time an image is captured by the image sensor.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, wherein one pixel of the plurality of pixels is arranged in one unit pixel region of a plurality of unit pixel regions, a plurality of sub vertical output lines, each of which outputs pixel signals from the plurality of pixels in the same pixel column, and a plurality of block select circuits provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of sub vertical output lines. A load capacitance connected to a main vertical output line is reduced by connecting the plurality of sub vertical output lines and the main vertical output line via the plurality of block select circuits. This makes high-speed pixel signal readout possible.

Abstract: There is provided with an information processing apparatus. A designation of a position in a wide range captured image captured by an image capture apparatus that has an optical system for capturing the wide range captured image is received. A corrected partial region image that is obtained by performing a distortion correction, that reduces a distortion due to the optical system of the image capture apparatus, on a partial image corresponding to the position designated on the wide range captured image is generated. A passage detection line, for detecting a passage of a moving object, is set on the corrected partial region image in accordance with a designation by a user.

Abstract: Various approaches to imaging involve selecting directional and spatial resolution. According to an example embodiment, images are computed using an imaging arrangement to facilitate selective directional and spatial aspects of the detection and processing of light data. Light passed through a main lens is directed to photosensors via a plurality of microlenses. The separation between the microlenses and photosensors is set to facilitate directional and/or spatial resolution in recorded light data, and facilitating refocusing power and/or image resolution in images computed from the recorded light data. In one implementation, the separation is varied between zero and one focal length of the microlenses to respectively facilitate spatial and directional resolution (with increasing directional resolution, hence refocusing power, as the separation approaches one focal length).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photosensor lens which, in the case of using a plurality of light emitting elements to form a reflective photosensor, can maximize the efficiency of light irradiation of the light emitting elements with a simple structure. Provided is a photosensor lens configured to condense irradiation light from a plurality of light emitting elements 2 housed in a unit case 1 in a detection region 3 outside the unit case 1, and to condense reflected light from the detection region 3 at a light receiving element 4 in the unit case 1. A single convex lens surface 5 is formed on one side of the photosensor lens, and a light-receiving convex lens surface 6 sharing an optical axis with the single convex lens surface 5, and a plurality of light-emitting convex lens surfaces 7 each having an optical axis in parallel with the optical axis of the light-receiving convex lens surface 6 are integrally formed on the opposite side of the photosensor lens.

Abstract: The present technology relates to an imaging element, a driving method, and an electronic apparatus that can decrease a voltage and increase a saturation signal amount. In each pixel configuring a pixel array unit, a photodiode receiving light from a subject and performing photoelectric conversion on the light and a first charge accumulating unit accumulating charges generated by the photodiode are provided. A reset gate unit to initialize the first charge accumulating unit is connected to the first charge accumulating unit through a third transfer gate unit. When the first charge accumulating unit is initialized, a voltage is applied to gate electrodes of the third transfer gate unit and the reset gate unit and a positive voltage is applied to a well region provided with a pixel to assist voltage application. Thereby, initialization is appropriately performed and a reset level is suppressed low. As a result, a voltage can be decreased and a saturation signal amount can be increased.

Abstract: Fabricating optical devices can include mounting a plurality of singulated lens systems over a substrate, adjusting a thickness of the substrate below at least some of the lens systems to provide respective focal length corrections for the lens systems, and subsequently separating the substrate into a plurality of optical modules, each of which includes one of the lens systems mounted over a portion of the substrate. Adjusting a thickness of the substrate can include, for example, micro-machining the substrate to form respective holes below at least some of the lens systems or adding one or more layers below at least some of the lens systems so as to correct for variations in the focal lengths of the lens systems.

Abstract: An depth sensing (AF) module including a depth sensing (DS) lens, DS image sensor, a prism array, and a DS controller is disclosed. The DS module may be configured to provide a control signal to an electromechanical device, such as a voice coil motor (VCM), of an image capture module to move a lens assembly to focus an image of an object to be imaged onto a primary image sensor. The DS module may direct the capture of an image for depth sensing by the DS image sensor and perform a depth sensing (DS) technique on the captured DS image to identify a focus point of the lens assembly. The DS technique may identify a magnitude of a split in segments of the DS image, where the segments correspond to light refracted through different prism elements of the array of prism elements. This determined focus point may be used to displace the lens assembly relative to the primary image sensor to achieve focus of the object onto the primary image sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a video camera that can be configured to highly compress video data in a visually lossless manner. The camera can be configured to transform blue, red, and/or green image data in a manner that enhances the compressibility of the data. The camera can be configured to transform at least a portion of the green image data in a manner that enhances the compressibility of the data. The data can then be compressed and stored in this form. This allows a user to reconstruct the red, blue, and/or green image data to obtain the original raw data or a modified version of the original raw data that is visually lossless when demosacied. Additionally, the data can be processed in a manner in which at least some of the green image elements are demosaiced first and then the red, blue, and/or some green elements are reconstructed based on values of the demosaiced green image elements.

Abstract: A system for implementing and utilizing a lens array in an electronic device includes a sensor array coupled to the electronic device for capturing image data corresponding to a photographic target. The lens array includes a plurality of lenses that each has a different respective principal focal length to transmit reflected light from the photographic target to the sensor array. The sensor array captures a set of MFP images that each corresponds with a respective one of the lenses in the MFP lens array. The electronic device may further include an image processor that performs one or more digital signal processing procedures on the captured MFP images to thereby generate a rendered final image.

Abstract: A processing chain for a digital image signal applies a dither pattern, having a first spectrum, to the image signal at a point in the processing chain. A further noise pattern is applied to the image signal during the processing chain. The noise pattern has a second spectrum which is configured such that the combination of the first spectrum and second spectrum results in a more continuous spectrum. Another aspect describes a noise pattern which can be used as an offset dither pattern for digital images, especially before color bit depth reduction. The noise pattern has an array of values which are linearly distributed across a range, with each value in the range occurring an equal number of times.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a mobile terminal through use of user interaction are provided. The method includes operating in a vision recognition mode that generates a vision recognition image through use of a signal output from a second plurality of pixels designated as vision pixels from among a plurality of pixels of an image sensor included in the mobile terminal; determining whether a predetermined object in the vision recognition image corresponds to a person; determining a gesture of the predetermined object when the predetermined object corresponds to the person; and performing a control function of the mobile terminal corresponding to the gesture of the predetermined object.

Abstract: A pixel sensor array includes a plurality of pixel sensors having a first gain and a plurality of pixel sensors having a second gain less than the first gain.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: an imaging region; a peripheral circuit region; photodiodes arranged in rows and columns in the imaging region; output circuits in the imaging region for outputting, to the outside of the imaging region, pixel signals corresponding to electric charges photoelectrically converted in the photodiodes; a read circuit in the peripheral circuit region for reading the pixel signals from the imaging region; and signal lines extending in a column direction to connect output circuits to the read circuit. One pixel cell includes two photodiodes adjacent in a row direction and an output circuit. An output circuit in a first pixel cell is adjacent, in the row direction, to a second pixel cell adjacent to the first pixel cell in the column direction and shifting from the first pixel cell by one column of the photodiodes in the row direction.

Abstract: Pixels in an imaging device pixel array are sized according to their geographic location in the pixel array to compensate for various optical characteristics/issues. In one example, pixel size is increased according to the distance of the pixel from the x-axis and/or the y-axis of the pixel array to correct for lens shading.

Abstract: Architectures for imager arrays configured for use in array cameras in accordance with embodiments of the invention are described. One embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of focal planes, where each focal plane comprises a two dimensional arrangement of pixels having at least two pixels in each dimension and each focal plane is contained within a region of the imager array that does not contain pixels from another focal plane, control circuitry configured to control the capture of image information by the pixels within the focal planes, where the control circuitry is configured so that the capture of image information by the pixels in at least two of the focal planes is separately controllable, sampling circuitry configured to convert pixel outputs into digital pixel data, and output interface circuitry configured to transmit pixel data via an output interface.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a pixel array section and a signal processing section. The pixel array section is configured to include a plurality of arranged rectangular pixels, each of which has different sizes in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a plurality of adjacent ones of which are combined to form a square pixel having the same size in the vertical and horizontal directions. The signal processing section is configured to perform a process of outputting, as a single signal, a plurality of signals read out from the combined plurality of rectangular pixels.

Abstract: An image pickup method using an image pickup apparatus having a charge coupled device (CCD) image pickup device, the method includes: acquiring an effective pixel signal from effective pixels of a light-receiving face of the CCD image pickup device; acquiring a signal outputted from shaded pixels of the light-receiving face to calculate a representative value of the signal; controlling a variable gain amplification above a vertical period of the effective pixel signal in plus correlation with an average above the vertical period of the representative value; and controlling a variable gain amplification of a horizontal period of the effective pixel signal in minus correlation with a ratio between a value of a horizontal period of the representative value or a recursive average in screens of the representative value and an average above a vertical period of the representative value.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup device includes pixels diagonally arranged, each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a plurality of transistors and wiring extending in the vertical and horizontal directions which is diagonally arranged around the photoelectric conversion unit in each of the pixels so that at least one portion of the wiring is arranged along at least one side of the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract: Provided is a solid-state imaging device. Two unit cells are prepared each having three pixels and sharing an output circuit. One of the basic blocks is rotated by 180° such that a reset drain is shared, resulting in a 6-pixel 1-cell, and the cells are disposed in a square lattice pattern or checkerboard pattern. Thus, element isolation regions between the pixels and the output circuit disposed adjacent thereto are minimized, and the number of wirings disposed around the pixels is reduced. As a result, a margin for white scratches and saturation charge amounts may be increased despite the miniaturization of cells.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: plural photodiodes formed in different depths in a unit pixel area of a substrate; and plural vertical transistors formed in the depth direction from one face side of the substrate so that gate portions for reading signal charges obtained by photoelectric conversion in the plural photodiodes are formed in depths corresponding to the respective photodiodes.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes a pixel array section and a signal processing section. The pixel array section is configured to include a plurality of arranged rectangular pixels, each of which has different sizes in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a plurality of adjacent ones of which are combined to form a square pixel having the same size in the vertical and horizontal directions. The signal processing section is configured to perform a process of outputting, as a single signal, a plurality of signals read out from the combined plurality of rectangular pixels.

Abstract: An image sensor and an image sensing method can obtain image signals with a high S/N ratio in a high-speed image pickup operation. Signal charges are input to input transfer stage 31 of CCD memory 30. Final transfer stage 32 is formed so as to be connected to the input transfer stage 31 and able to transfer signal charges to the input transfer stage 31. In an accumulation mode, read gate 42 and drain gate 40 are not turned on and the next transfer operation of the CCD memory 30 is conducted. The accumulated signal charges are transferred on a stage by stage basis and the signal charges obtained at the first image pickup timing are transferred again straightly to the input transfer stage 31. In this state, the signal charges obtained newly at photoelectric conversion section 20 at the next image pickup timing are injected into the input transfer stage 31 by way of input gate 21.

Abstract: Pixels in an imaging device pixel array are sized according to their geographic location in the pixel array to compensate for various optical characteristics/issues. In one example, pixel size is increased according to the distance of the pixel from the x-axis and/or the y-axis of the pixel array to correct for lens shading.

Abstract: A method for producing an image sensor includes providing a horizontal shift register electrically connected to a pixel array for receiving charge packets from the pixel array. A non-destructive sense node is provided that is connected to an output of the horizontal shift register. A charge directing switch is provided that is electrically connected to the non-destructive sense node. The charge directing switch includes first and second outputs. A charge multiplying horizontal shift register is provided that is electrically connected to the first output of the charge directing switch. A bypass horizontal shift register or an amplifier is provided that is connected to the second output of the charge directing switch.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a solid-state imaging device which is provided with plural pixels arranged in two-dimensional array form on a photodetecting surface of a semiconductor substrate, pixels on even-numbered rows are shifted from pixels on odd-numbered rows by a half pixel pitch, color-filters are Bayer-arranged over the respective pixels of the odd-numbered rows, and color-filters are Bayer-arranged over the respective pixels of the even-numbered rows; and an imaging device driving section for reading shot image signals of the pixels of the odd-numbered rows and shot image signals of the pixels of the even-numbered rows divisionally in separate frames. A color contamination correction is performed on a shot image signal of a pixel of attention using shot image signals of plural pixels around the pixel of attention among shot image signals, read out divisionally, of the pixels of one of the odd-numbered rows.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a horizontal shift register electrically connected to a pixel array for receiving charge packets from the pixel array. A non-destructive sense node is connected to an output of the horizontal shift register. A charge directing switch is electrically connected to the non-destructive sense node. The charge directing switch includes two outputs. A charge multiplying horizontal shift register is electrically connected to one output of the charge directing switch. A discharging element is connected to the other output of the charge directing switch.

Abstract: Imaging devices and techniques that utilize multiple optical detectors are described and, in particular, imaging geometries for imaging devices that include three or more optical detectors with overlapping fields of regard. The imaging geometries are determined and provided in consideration of one or more performance criteria evaluated over multiple different operating conditions for a process of generating a reconstructed image from the captured images. Imaging systems and methods utilizing the imaging geometries are also described.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup device includes pixels diagonally arranged, each including a photoelectric conversion unit and a plurality of transistors and wiring extending in the vertical and horizontal directions which is diagonally arranged around the photoelectric conversion unit in each of the pixels so that at least one portion of the wiring is arranged along at least one side of the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate having a plurality of photosensitive areas, a light shield positioned spanning the photosensitive areas in which light shield a plurality of apertures are formed, and a plurality of microlens each disposed centered on one of the apertures such that a focal point of the incident light through each microlens is substantially extended into the substrate to a point where a portion of the incident light directed onto the periphery of each microlens is blocked by a light shield.

Abstract: An image sensor and a manufacturing method for an image sensor. An image may include a central pixel array that contains pixels disposed in a center of a pixel area, and a peripheral pixel array that contains pixels disposed in a periphery of the pixel area. A gate oxide layer at a center area of a photodiode may have a smaller thickness than a gate oxide layer of pixels at a center area of the photodiode.

Abstract: A CCD such as a frame transfer CCD has an extended dynamic range. The image built up in the image region 1 in each integration period is transferred to the store region 2 in each frame transfer period, for example, at a TV signal rate. The dynamic range is increased by dividing the integration period into two parts, and clipping the signal in the first part, but not in the second. The signal is clipped by pulsing the clock electrodes of the image region so as to combine the charges from adjacent wells together, overspill being drained into the anti-blooming structure, consequently reducing well capacity.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a method of driving a solid-state imaging device which can reduce reading voltage even when transfer electrodes adjacent to reading electrodes are smaller than the reading electrodes as a result of miniaturization of pixels. The solid-state imaging device includes photodiodes and vertical CCDs each including transfer electrodes. The method includes: reading signal charges from the photodiodes by setting the electric potential of a predetermined transfer electrode among the reading electrodes to the electric potential VH; transferring the read signal charges in a column direction by applying driving pulses having electric potentials VM and VL to the transfer electrodes. Each of the reading electrodes has a larger area than the adjacent transfer electrodes.

Abstract: An image pickup device includes an image sensing device and a driving unit. The image sensing device includes a first pixel group and a second pixel group. The first pixel group includes a plurality of pixels arranged as a two-dimensional array in a semiconductor substrate surface portion that receives incidence light from a subject. The second pixel group includes a plurality of pixels arranged as a two-dimensional array in the semiconductor substrate surface portion in an area overlapping the first pixel group while the pixels in the first pixel group do not disposed in the same positions as the pixels in the second pixel group. The driving unit outputs a picked-up image signal of one frame from the first pixel group exposed over one vertical synchronizing time period for each vertical synchronizing signal.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an image input apparatus including a plurality of pixel sections, each including a light-sensitive element configured to generate electric charge by photoelectric conversion, a semiconductor region configured to receive a signal transferred from the light-sensitive element, and a transfer switch configured to transfer the signal from the light-sensitive element to the semiconductor region. An image is formed based on a composite signal obtained by combining a saturation signal representing photoelectric charge overflowing from the light-sensitive element and flowing into the semiconductor region and a photoelectric conversion signal stored in the light-sensitive element. Formation of the image is controlled based on a corrected composite signal obtained by correcting a component corresponding to a noise component.

Abstract: An imaging device of the present invention includes a plurality of photosensors arranged in matrix on a light-receiving surface and a readout section for adding up photo signals on the photosensors for external output in each pixel block set on the light-receiving surface. The pixel blocks each consists of N (N?2) photosensors assembled in an array direction of the matrix and the pixel blocks in even number arrays and those in odd number arrays in the matrix are shifted from each other by half a phase in the array direction. With or without execution of the adding-up operation, it is able to switch a pattern of readout pixels from the imaging device between a grid pattern and a diagonal grid pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to the development of economical camera modules having objectives contained therein with a minimal constructional length and excellent optical properties. It is made possible as a result that camera modules of this type can be used in mobile telephones or minicomputers, such as PDAs (personal digital assistant).

Abstract: A solid-state image capturing apparatus includes a plurality of pixel sections, a vertical transfer section, and a horizontal transfer section, wherein the horizontal transfer section includes a plurality of transfer gates consecutively arranged in a horizontal direction and a signal wiring for supplying a driving signal to the transfer gates, and wherein a layout pattern of at least one layer of constituent members which constitute the horizontal transfer section is a pattern in which the transfer gates and the signal wiring are connected so that electric charge transfer directions become opposite from each other on both sides of a branching position in the horizontal transfer section.

Abstract: An image converter tube 2c and a plurality of image sensors CCDs 1 (eight CCDs 1 here) are provided, and the respective CCDs 1 and image positions in the image converter tube 2c are in one-to-one correspondence. By carrying out at least one of a control to make a shift to a different image position after image formation in one and the same image position for a predetermined number of frames, and a control to make a shift to a different image position in an imaging cycle with a predetermined time interval, various image pickup situations can be accommodated without changing the structure of CCDs 1 per se.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction; three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the every other pixel color filter repeat pattern; a charge sensing amplifier at the output of at least two of the charge couple devices; each charge-coupled device having a first and a second gate; a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate connecting adjacent charge-coupled devices with the first gate being on one side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate being on the opposite side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate; all CCD-to-CCD transfer gates are electrically connected together; all first gates are electrically connected; and all second gates are electrically connected.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction; three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the every other pixel color filter repeat pattern; a charge sensing amplifier at the output of at least two of the charge couple devices; each charge-coupled device having a first and a second gate; a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate connecting adjacent charge-coupled devices with the first gate being on one side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate being on the opposite side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate; all CCD-to-CCD transfer gates are electrically connected together; all first gates are electrically connected; and all second gates are electrically connected.

Abstract: An image sensing device for detecting an image of a nonplanar surface includes a plurality of pixels configured to detect the image of the nonplanar surface. The plurality of pixels are associated with a plurality of pixel pitches. The plurality of pixels are positioned to maintain a constant image resolution of the nonplanar surface for the plurality of pixels, based on the plurality of pixel pitches associated with the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a solid-state imaging device. The solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units having plural first photoelectric conversion units and plural second photoelectric conversion units, a drive section and a signal processing section. The drive section controls the solid-state imaging device to read first pixel signals that are accumulated over an exposure period, from the first photoelectric conversion units, respectively, to read low-sensitivity pixel signals from the second photoelectric conversion units, respectively, to read second pixel signals that are accumulated in at least a part of the exposure period, from the second photoelectric conversion units, to mix the first pixel signals and the second signals for producing a high-sensitivity pixel signals. The signal processing section combines the low-sensitivity pixel signals and the high-sensitivity pixel signals and produces an image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pattern of a color filter array. The pattern includes a plurality of pixel arrays, which has four color filters arranged in an array. The color of the neighboring color filters is distinct to each other. Moreover, the pattern of the color filter array has enlarged color filters or extended edges in corners of the pattern. These enlarged color filters or extended edges increase the contact area between the pattern and a substrate that the pattern formed on. Therefore, the adhesion strength between the pattern and the substrate can be augmented to prevent peeling from the substrate. According to the invention, the yield of the product will be raised substantially.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device having: (a) a pixel array with an oblique pixel pattern in which pixels are obliquely disposed, an odd-numbered row vertical signal line in an odd-numbered row vertical signal line group being connected to each column of odd-numbered row pixels and an even-numbered row vertical signal line in an even-numbered row vertical signal line group being connected to each column of even-numbered row pixels; (b) a row selector for separately selecting an odd-numbered row and an even-numbered row of the oblique pixel pattern; (c) an odd-numbered row column processing circuit group including column processing circuits and connected to the odd-numbered row vertical signal line group, for adding signals of the odd-numbered row pixels between columns; (d) an even-numbered row column processing circuit group including column processing circuits and connected to the even-numbered row vertical signal line group, for adding signals of the even-numbered row pixels in pixel columns; and (d) a column s

Abstract: A signal processing method of a solid-state image sensor includes comparing a high-sensitivity-pixel output signal and a first threshold value to determine whether or not the high-sensitivity-pixel output signal reaches a level of a saturated-high-sensitivity-pixel output signal. If the high-sensitivity-pixel output signal does not reach the level of the saturated-high-sensitivity-pixel output signal, a difference value between the high-sensitivity-pixel output signal and an amplified low-sensitivity-pixel output signal is calculated. The amplified low-sensitivity-pixel output signal is obtained by multiplying a low-sensitivity-pixel output signal by a sensitivity ratio, which is obtained by dividing a sensitivity value of a high sensitivity pixel by a sensitivity value of a low sensitivity pixel. A first or second image signal is output according to whether an absolute value of the difference value is smaller than a second threshold value or not.

Abstract: A CCD Device of the type for providing charge gain by impact ionisation has a multiplication register. Gain provided by a subset of the elements of the multiplication register are independently controllable from other elements in the register. This enables the register to be used in one setting with the same gain applied to all elements and a different setting with a subset of elements arranged to provide a different gain. By comparing the two signals, the gain provided by each element and the register as a whole may be derived.