Abstract: The present application provides a display panel test method and a display panel test device. The display panel test method automatically searches for an alignment mark of a display panel. After the alignment mark is automatically found, a position of the alignment mark can be adjusted automatically. The alignment mark of the display panel can also be adjusted manually when the position of the alignment mark of the display panel cannot be automatically adjusted. Therefore, there is no need to conduct monitoring by manpower. After the alignment mark is found, there is no need to remove the display panel.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a twill optical film capable of realizing a 3D effect of a naked eye of a display screen and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the twill optical film includes the steps of: step 1: coating a grating coating with a high refractive index on one side of a transparent base film using a micro-nano imprint technique, and curing same by ultraviolet to form a uniformly arranged columnar lens array; and obtaining a twill grating layer; step 2: coating a filling coating with a low refractive index on the twill grating layer and curing same by ultraviolet; placing same in an oven in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 95-98% controlled by a saturated solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; setting the temperature to 100-120° C., and thermally cross-linking same for 3-4 hours; and obtaining a twill optical film.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first light guide element and a light-emitting element. The liquid crystal layer contains stringy polymers and liquid crystal molecules. The first light guide element includes a third transparent substrate including a side surface and a main surface, and a transparent layer disposed on the main surface and having a refractive index lower than that of the third transparent substrate. The light-emitting element opposes the side surface, and the third transparent substrate is adhered to the second transparent substrate while interposing the transparent layer therebetween. The light-emitting element is disposed on the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: A substrate, an optical device include the same, and a method of making the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a substrate includes a base layer, a plurality of column spacers disposed on the base layer, and a ball spacer attached to or embedded in at least one of the plurality of column spacers. The spacers having excellent dimensional accuracy and adhesiveness on the substrate.

Abstract: A high-definition liquid crystal display device is provided. A liquid crystal display device with a high aperture ratio is provided. A liquid crystal display device with a high contrast ratio and display quality is provided. A liquid crystal display device capable of being driven at a low voltage is provided. The display device includes, between a pair of substrates, a pixel electrode, a first common electrode, a second common electrode, and a liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrode and the first common electrode are positioned between the liquid crystal layer and one of the substrates. The second common electrode is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and the other substrate. The same potential is supplied to the first common electrode and the second common electrode. The first common electrode includes a portion overlapping with the second common electrode between the display regions of two adjacent subpixels that exhibit different colors.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, A display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate includes a first common electrode, a pixel electrode, a scanning line, and a signal line, the first common electrode includes a shaft portion extending in the second direction, a first branch portion extending in the first direction from the shaft portion, and a second branch portion extending in the first direction from the shaft portion, a first opening and a second opening are provided, the first branch portion overlaps the pixel electrode and the first opening, and the second branch portion overlaps the scanning line between the first opening and the second opening.

Abstract: A vacuumizing device includes a vacuum chamber, a bonding fixture and a vacuumizing system. The bonding fixture is disposed in the vacuum chamber and includes a substrate table provided with a plurality of grooves for retention of the substrate by suction. The vacuumizing system is disposed in communication with both the vacuum chamber and grooves. During vacuumizing by the vacuumizing system, a vacuum value in the grooves is smaller than or equal to a vacuum value in the vacuum chamber. In the vacuumizing device and methods, the vacuumizing system is used to vacuumize the grooves in the substrate table and the vacuum chamber so that the vacuum value in the grooves is always smaller than or equal to that in the vacuum chamber. As a result, the substrates are firmly retained on the substrate table without warping, thereby improving the quality of substrate bonding.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid-crystal antenna device is provided. The method includes step (a) providing a first mother substrate. The first mother substrate includes a first region and a second region. The first region has a plurality of first sides. An extension line of at least one of the first sides divides the second region into a first part and a second part. The method also includes the following steps: (b) forming a first electrode layer on the first region and the second region, and (c) cutting the first mother substrate along the first sides of the first region.

Abstract: The invention provides a display panel, which includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a light shielding pattern layer and a plurality of pixel structures. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and includes a plurality of negative liquid crystal molecules. Each of the pixel structures includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode has an electrode opening and a first finger portion extending into the electrode opening. The second electrode has two second finger portions overlapping the electrode opening. The first finger portion and the two second finger portions are alternately arranged along a first direction inside the electrode opening and extend in a second direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semi-hardened pressure sensitive adhesive film to be used in the semi-hardened state and having excellent printing step absorption properties. The adhesive film according to the present invention contains a radial polymer composition and a cationic polymer composition, and the radial polymer composition is primarily cross-linked to maintain the semi-hardened state. When applied onto a substrate through a printing step, the present invention has excellent step absorption properties and adhesion properties and excellent durability even under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device which is a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal alignment film to which an alignment regulating force is imparted by a photo-alignment treatment, including: a film forming step of forming a film containing a polymer whose main chain is cleaved by irradiation with light; a photo-alignment step of imparting an alignment regulating force to the film formed in the film forming step by irradiation of the film with light in an atmosphere of a temperature lower than 100° C.; and a removing step of removing a low-molecular weight component generated by cleaving the main chain of the polymer through the light irradiation after the light irradiation. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the manufacturing method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel cutting device for cutting a liquid crystal panel includes a first cutter, a second cutter and a control member, the first cutter having two first cutting wheels that are separated from each other with a distance; the second cutter having a second cutting wheel, and the first cutter and the second cutter are opposite provided and the second cutting wheel is located between the first cutting wheels; and the control member connecting to the first cutter and the second cutter by signals, the control member controlling the first cutter to cut the upper plate downward along a gravity direction, and controlling the second cutter to cut the lower plate upward in a reverse direction of the gravity direction.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel includes a thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate, a plurality of OLED devices, and a plurality of isolator assemblies. The TFT array substrate includes a plurality of pixel regions, and the OLED devices disposed on locations corresponding to the pixel regions respectively. The OLED devices include an OLED layer. The isolator assemblies are configured to block the OLED layer of a white light-emitting device from extending to the OLED devices adjacent to the white light-emitting device. By arranging the isolator assemblies around the white light-emitting device, light generated by the white light-emitting device is prevented from leaking.

Abstract: A vehicular screen central control system includes a processor, an information acquisition module communicatively coupled to the processor, a rotator communicatively coupled to the processor, and a display device coupled to the rotator. The display device includes a first display area and a second display area. The information acquisition module is configured to acquire a light intensity signal received by the display device. The processor is configured to control the display device to display and analyze the light intensity signal to transmit an instruction to the rotator. The rotator adjusts an angle between the first display area and the second display area according to the instruction.

Abstract: This application discloses a display panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate parallel arranged to the first substrate, a pixel unit formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The pixel unit includes at least two kinds of transparent areas and multiple liquid crystal materials injected in the transparent areas. A penetration rate of each of the liquid crystal materials is injected into the transparent areas are different. the liquid crystal materials include a first liquid crystal material, a second liquid crystal material, and a third liquid crystal material. A penetration rate of the first liquid crystal material, the second liquid crystal material, and the third liquid crystal material increases in sequence.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel is provided. The method includes: providing a liquid crystal motherboard which includes: a first motherboard, a second motherboard, and a plurality of liquid crystal regions; coating a sealant on a peripheral region of each of the liquid crystal regions of the first motherboard; assembling the second motherboard with the first motherboard and arranging liquid crystal in each of the liquid crystal regions to obtain the liquid crystal motherboard. The coating the sealant on the peripheral region of each of the liquid crystal regions of the first motherboard includes: coating a first sealant on a peripheral region of the central liquid crystal region, and coating a second sealant on a peripheral region of each of the first liquid crystal regions, the first sealant is provided with a first supporting structure, the second sealant is provided with a second supporting structure.

Abstract: A display panel, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display device are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate, a plurality of binding pins, and at least one binding alignment block. The first substrate includes a non-display area. The binding pins are disposed on the first substrate. An end of each of the binding pins extends to an edge of a binding side of the first substrate and is disposed on the non-display area. The at least one binding alignment block is disposed on the non-display area. A side of the at least one binding alignment block is in a same plane as the binding side of the first substrate, and a thickness of the at least one binding alignment block is greater than a thickness of each of the binding pins.

Abstract: An array substrate motherboard includes a plurality of array substrates and a plurality of connection lines. Each of the plurality of array substrates includes an electrical test region, and the electrical test region includes a first conductive terminal. The plurality of connection lines are electrically connected to first conductive terminals of electrical test regions of the plurality of array substrates to electrically connect the plurality of array substrates together.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods may be implemented to provide multi-layer display assembly apparatus for information handling systems, including portable information handling systems (e.g., such as smart phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, etc.) as well as display assembly apparatus for other types of information handling systems such as desktop computers, servers, etc. The disclosed multi-layer display assembly apparatus may be implemented to include multiple adhesive layers (e.g., two or more adhesive layers) that have different indices of refraction and/or different debonding characteristics, and that are disposed between a display substrate and an transparent protective hardcover such as glass-based or plastic-based cover.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical panel and a frame configured to support the electro-optical panel. The electro-optical panel includes a first member being a translucent substrate body, a second member being a translucent film and opposed to the first member, and pixel electrodes provided at an opposite side from the first member with respect to the second member. Lens surfaces having a protruding curved surface and each overlapping, in plan view, with each one of pixel electrodes are formed at a surface of the second member that is opposed to the first member. Since an inlet passage and an outlet passage, each of which communicates with the space, are formed between the first member and the second member, a refrigerant is caused to pass through the space by way of the frame, whereby it is possible to cool the electro-optical panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) module, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic device are disclosed. The LCD module includes a backlight module and an LCD panel. The LCD panel includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to the upper substrate, and a liquid crystal unit filled between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. A reinforcing rib functioning as a sound wave conducting channel is disposed on a side of the backlight module facing away from the LCD panel. A vibration exciter is attached to the reinforcing rib for generating vibration energy.

Abstract: A dual camera assembly, an electronic apparatus and a method of acquiring an image are provided. The dual camera assembly includes: a first camera lens and a second camera lens; a first sensor configured for receiving light that has passed through the first camera lens; a liquid crystal light valve and a polarizer which are on a side, which is close to the first camera lens, of the first sensor. The polarizer is on a side, which is close to the first sensor, of the liquid crystal light valve, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal light valve are rotatable.

Abstract: A flexible display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a flexible display device are provided. The flexible display substrate includes a display region, an electrode bonding region, and a bending region between the electrode bonding region and the display region. The method includes: forming an inorganic film layer on the flexible display substrate, forming a first via hole penetrating the inorganic film layer in the bending region by using a single patterning process, where a sidewall of the first via hole is step-shaped, the inorganic film layer includes at least one of the following film layers: a barrier layer, a buffer layer, a first gate insulation layer, a second gate insulation layer and an interlayer insulation layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an organic light-emitting device including a substrate, a pixel defining layer disposed on the substrate, a plurality of supporting members disposed on the pixel defining layer, and at least one organic light-emitting diode disposed on the substrate. The pixel defining layer defines a plurality of pixel regions. The plurality of pixel regions includes a plurality of first pixel regions, a plurality of second pixel regions, and a plurality of third pixel regions. The supporting members are located at first junction regions between the first pixel regions, the second pixel regions, and third pixel regions. 25 to 350 supporting members are provided on every square millimeter of the substrate. The organic light-emitting diode includes an anode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a cathode. The present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the organic light-emitting device and a mask for making the supporting member.

Abstract: A ceramic resin is provided, along with its methods of formation and use. The ceramic resin may include a crosslinkable precursor, a photoinitiator, ceramic particles, and pore forming particles. The ceramic resin may be utilized to form a ceramic casting element, such as via a method that includes forming a layer of the ceramic resin; applying light onto the ceramic resin such that the photoinitiator initiates polymerization of the crosslinkable precursor to form a crosslinked polymeric matrix setting the ceramic particles and the pore forming particles; and thereafter, heating the crosslinked polymeric matrix to a first temperature to burn out the pore forming particles.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a method for manufacturing a thin-film transistor, an array substrate, and a display device. The method includes: forming a buffer layer on a substrate; forming a polysilicon layer on the buffer layer; performing a patterning process on the polysilicon layer, to form an active layer; depositing a gate insulating layer on the active layer; depositing a gate metal layer on the gate insulating layer, and performing dry etching on the gate metal layer by using the patterning process and by using a gas containing CO as an etching gas, to form a gate; performing ion implantation on the active layer by using the gate as a mask, to form a source region and a drain region; and depositing a passivation layer on the gate, forming through holes in the gate insulating layer and the passivation layer, and manufacturing a source and a drain.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus synthesizes and emits light emitted from a plurality of liquid crystal devices with a projection optical system. Provided that a liquid crystal at an inner side of a seal material in the plurality of liquid crystal devices is V1 in volume and a liquid crystal in a display region is V2 in volume in the plurality of liquid crystal devices, in a second liquid crystal device (a liquid crystal device for blue light) on which light having a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of light being incident on a first liquid crystal device (a liquid crystal device for green light) is incident on the display region, a liquid crystal volume ratio V1/V2 is greater than that of the first liquid crystal device, among the plurality of liquid crystal devices.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel includes: a first substrate, a second substrate, an active switch array, at least one gate driving circuit, at least one group of secondary spacing columns and a sealing section; the first substrate includes an active area and a peripheral area; the second substrate is opposite to the first substrate; the active switch array is located in the active area; the gate driving circuit is located in the peripheral area and connected to the active switch array; the secondary spacing columns are disposed on the second substrate and opposite to the peripheral area; the sealing section is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and located in the peripheral area. The sealing section, the first substrate, the second substrate and the secondary spacing columns together form a circuit disposition space.

Abstract: Diffractive optical structures, lens, waveplates, systems and methods of combinations of CDWs (cycloidal diffractive waveplates) and PVGs (polarization volume gratings) that result in high efficiency polarization-insensitive diffraction. Although our modelling and experiments were performed for structures with optical axis orientation periodic along one of the Cartesian coordinates parallel to the plane of the structure, the results are applicable to more complex structures such as diffractive waveplate lenses. The focusing performance of such structures can be predicted by considering the structure to be locally periodic along one axis.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a side storage pod of an equipment front end module is provided that includes (1) an outer enclosure having a sealing surface configured to couple to the equipment front end module; (2) a side storage pod chamber having a body with a plurality of vertically-spaced storage members each configured to support a substrate; and (3) an indexer operable to vertically move the side storage pod chamber so that different subgroups of storage members are accessible by a load-unload robot in the equipment front end module. In other embodiments, a heated side storage pod is provided enabling degassing of substrates stored therein. Methods for processing substrates are described, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: A touch panel is manufactured by a method that decreases undesirable reflections of external light while improving the visibility of emitted light. The touch panel includes a base layer including an active region responsive to an external touch to generate an electronic signal and a peripheral region adjacent to the active region, and a first conductive pattern disposed on the active region and a second conductive pattern disposed on the peripheral region, each of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern including a conductive layer having an external light reflectivity and a darkening layer disposed over the conductive layer. External light reflectivity of each of the first and second conductive patterns is lower than that of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel includes providing a mother substrate in which a plurality of display cell areas is defined from which the display panel will be formed, the display cell areas arranged in along first and directions and each include a display unit cell corresponding to the display panel, and a dummy area extended along the second direction from the display unit cell dividing the mother substrate into the display unit cells each having the dummy area extended therefrom, by performing a wheel cutting process; separating the dummy area from the divided display unit cell by performing a laser cutting process; and curving the display unit cell from which the dummy area is separated, with reference to a reference axis which is parallel to the second direction, to form the display panel.

Abstract: A device for bonding a window includes a chamber having an internal space, a display panel fixing unit in the chamber and including a first curved surface, the first curved surface being configured to attach to a flexible display panel, a window fixing unit in the chamber and including a second curved surface, at least part of the window fixing unit including an ultraviolet transmitting material, the second curved surface facing the first curved surface and being complementary with the first curved surface, and the second curved surface being configured to attach to a window, and an ultraviolet irradiating unit on the window fixing unit, the ultraviolet irradiating unit being configured to irradiate ultraviolet light through the window fixing unit toward the first curved surface of the display panel fixing unit.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a LCD device and a related manufacturing method. The LCD device includes a LCD panel and a shielding plate. The LCD panel includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate. The array substrate includes a display section attaching to the color filter substrate, and a bonding section extending from the display section and reaching beyond the color filter substrate. The shielding plate includes a first section above the color filter substrate, and a second section extending from the first section and corresponding to the bonding section. Encapsulation adhesive is filled between the second section and the bonding section. With shielding plate along a LCD panel's periphery to cover black edges of the LCD device, the LCD panel is guaranteed to have smooth edges and no additional bezel is required to hide the FPC board, fulfilling the bezel-less design.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a liquid crystal device including depositing a layer of liquid crystal material on a substrate and imprinting a pattern on the layer of liquid crystal material using an imprint template are disclosed. The liquid crystal material can be jet deposited. The imprint template can include surface relief features, Pancharatnam-Berry Phase Effect (PBPE) structures or diffractive structures. The liquid crystal device manufactured by the methods described herein can be used to manipulate light, such as for beam steering, wavefront shaping, separating wavelengths and/or polarizations, and combining different wavelengths and/or polarizations.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight device. The backlight device includes a case with a bottom plate and a side plate, a light guide on the bottom plate, and a light source device. The light source device includes a wiring substrate and a light-emitting element on the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate includes a mounting portion on which the light-emitting element is mounted, a connection wiring portion on a back surface side of the bottom plate, and a joint portion which joints the mounting portion and the connection wiring portion together. The joint portion extends from an inside to an outside of the case through a gap between the side plate of the case and the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: Provided is a metal nanowire heater and a method of fabricating the metal nanowire heater that includes providing a substrate; coating on the substrate a nanowire film containing metal nanowires that are laser-etchable; thermally joining portions of the metal nanowires to enhance connection between contact parts of the metal nanowires and provide an enhanced nanowire film by at least one unit cycle of supplying the ionic liquid onto the nanowire film and applying heat from outside to cause the ionic liquid to change its phase; and forming electrodes on the enhanced nanowire film to provide the metal nanowire heater.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a light-emitting unit. The light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting part, wherein a light extraction structure is disposed on a first surface of the light-emitting part. The light-emitting unit also includes a connective part disposed on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the light-emitting part. The light-emitting unit further includes a protective part surrounding the light-emitting part and the connective part. In addition, the display device includes a substrate having a plurality of active elements and at least one bonding pad, wherein the bonding pad is electrically connected to the corresponding connective part of the light-emitting unit. The roughness of the light extraction structure is greater than or equal to 0.2 ?m and less than or equal to 5 ?m.

Abstract: A rotational geometric phase hologram has geometric phase optical elements (GPOEs) serially cascaded along a common optical axis to form a GPOE cascade used for receiving a linearly-polarized light beam and generating output light beams at an exit surface of the last GPOE. Interference occurred in the output light beams creates a polarization interference pattern on the exit surface. A photoalignment substrate, when positioned in close proximity to the exit surface, records the pattern. Advantageously, each GPOE is rotatable about the common optical axis. Respective rotation angles of the GPOEs are determined according to a spatially-varying linear polarization orientation distribution selected to be generated for the polarization interference pattern.

Abstract: A method, comprising: forming a patterned layer of matrix material and/or one or more patterned layers of colour filter material in situ over a support film; forming in situ over said support film a stack of layers defining electrical circuitry via which each of an array of pixel electrodes is independently addressable; wherein forming said stack of layers comprises forming in situ over said patterned layer of matrix material and/or one or more patterned layers of colour filter material at least: a patterned conductor layer defining an array of source conductors and an array of drain conductors; a layer of semiconductor channel material defining semiconductor channels between the source and drain conductors; and another patterned conductor layer defining an array of gate conductors providing gate electrodes in said channel regions.

Abstract: Components of articles that include an optical element that imparts structural color to the component are provided. Methods of making the components including the optical element, and methods of using the components such as to make an article of manufacture are provided.

Abstract: A pixel array includes a display medium module, an active switching element, and a connecting module. Each display medium module includes two pairs of electrodes and a display medium. Each pair of electrodes has a first electrode and a second electrode. The display medium is disposed between first electrodes and second electrodes. The active switching element is electrically connected to the first electrodes for allowing the first electrodes and the second electrodes to change a state of the display medium. The connecting module is integrated with the display medium module to electrically connect the active switching element to the first electrodes via conductors of the connecting module.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a liquid crystal display device, which includes: a backlight component, including a light guide plate, a light source, a fluorescent film, a reflective sheet, a light compensating layer, and a light absorbing layer; a liquid crystal display panel in which the pixels are divided into a plurality of pixel groups; each pixel group includes an even number of pixels arranged into matrices; a control component including a computing unit and an acquiring unit; the computing unit is configured to receive an image input signal, and compute an average grayscale value of the blue sub-pixels in each pixel group, and obtain two sets of target grayscale value pairs; the acquiring unit is configured to obtain the corresponding two sets of driving voltage pairs; and, a driving component, configured to drive the blue sub-pixels in the corresponding pixel group.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid-crystal antenna device is provided. The method includes step (a) providing a first mother substrate. The first mother substrate includes a first region and a second region. The first region has a plurality of first sides. An extension line of at least one of the first sides divides the second region into a first part and a second part. The method also includes the following steps: (b) forming a first electrode layer on the first region and the second region, and (c) cutting the first mother substrate along the first sides of the first region.

Abstract: Disclosed are an array substrate and a display panel formed by cutting the array substrate. The array substrate includes a substrate body, a cutting line, a first test line, a second test line, and a first overline portion; the substrate body includes a plurality of display units and a cutting area located between the plurality of display units, and the cutting line is disposed in the cutting area; the first test line is disposed in the cutting area, extends along a routing direction of the cutting line, and includes a first bending portion; the first overline portion is located at an intersection of the second test line and the first bending portion, and the first overline portion is spaced apart from the cutting line.

Abstract: A method of separating a glass web includes the steps of placing the glass web in tension by applying an in-plane tension to the glass web in a tensile direction and producing a region of increased tension on a first major surface of the glass web by imparting a curvature in the glass web. The method further includes separating the glass web along a separation path parallel to an axis of the curvature and transverse to the tensile direction by applying a defect to a portion of the first major surface in the region of increased tension.

Abstract: A pixel unit, a pixel array, a multimedia device, and a manufacturing method thereof, are provided. The pixel unit includes a display medium module and an active switching element. The display medium module includes at least a pair electrode. The pair electrode includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a display medium. The first electrode and the second electrode are separated from each other, and the display medium is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The active switching element is electrically connected to the first electrode, for allowing the first electrode and the second electrode to change the state of the display medium. The active switching element includes an active switching element substrate portion and a transistor portion, which is form on the active switching element substrate portion. Therefore, the active switching element can be manufactured independently without the restriction from the display medium module.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure comprises etching a semiconductor substrate having a top surface extending along a (001) crystal plane, such that a majority of a top surface of the etched semiconductor substrate extends along {111} crystal planes; forming a first epitaxial layer in contact with the top surface of the etched semiconductor substrate; and forming a second epitaxial layer on the first epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A display device including a base member, a plurality of transistors, a plurality of pad parts, a plurality of signal lines, and a blocking pad. Each of the plurality of transistors includes a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode, and is disposed on the center area. The blocking pad is disposed between two adjacent signal lines among the plurality of signal lines. A part of the blocking pad is disposed on the same layer as at least any one of the control electrode, the input electrode, and the output electrode.

Abstract: A value document having a security element in the form of a strip with a first polymer layer which comprises at least one embossed diffraction structure, having at least one reflection layer which visually interacts with the diffraction structure in order to form a reflection hologram as the first visually recognisable security feature, and having at least one imprint which is luminescent under UV radiation and which forms a second security feature that is visually recognisable under UV light, wherein the reflection hologram comprises at least one see-through region on the second security feature. In order to increase the level of protection against forgery of the security element, the luminescent imprint comprises a halftone print image, and the see-through region is formed by at least one recess in the reflection layer and by the polymer layer which is free in this region of the recess from the diffraction structure at least above the halftone print image of the imprint.